THE NEW DEAL
US History & Government
The Election of 1932
FDR v Herbert Hoover
1932
FDR v Alfred Landon
1936
FDR v Wendell Wilkey
FDR v Thomas Dewey
1940
1940
The Inauguration
of
President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933)
“….So first of all let me assert my firm belief
that the only thing we have to fear. . .is fear
itself. . . nameless, unreasoning, unjustified
terror which paralyzes needed efforts to
convert retreat into advance….”
Two Economic Philosophies
Hoover
Demand Increases
“Trickle Down” (Supply Side)
New Jobs
Govt. Tax Breaks to Business
New Investment in Factories
New Investment in Factories
More Money in Circulation
New Jobs
Relief Payment & Jobs
More wages in circulation
Demand Increases
“Pump Priming” (Keynesian)
FDR
Restoring Hope
• FDR’s first actions
– Bank Holiday
• stop bank withdrawals
– Emergency Banking Act
• sound banks could reopen
– Fireside Chats
• restore public confidence
Restoring Hope
New Deal Programs can be broken down
into the “3 Rs”
• Relief
– Programs that existed to provide immediate help to
the poor and unemployed.
• Recovery
– Programs aimed at getting the country back on track
• Reform
– Programs created to prevent another Great
Depression from happening in the future
New Challenges
• Critics of the New Deal
– Dr. Francis Townsend ($200/month pension)
– Fr. Coughlin (Dollar backed by silver)
– Huey Long (“Share Our Wealth”)
FDR & The New Deal
First New Deal
1932
1933
1934
FDR
FDR
elected inaugurated
1935
First New Deal
CCC
AAA
TVA
FDIC
NRA
SEC
Second New Deal
1936
1937
FDR
reelected
1938
Second New Deal
WPA
NLRB (Wagner Act)
SSA
FLSA
New Challenges
• Supreme Court opposition to New Deal
– Schechter Poultry v. US (1935)
• NRA declared unconstitutional
– US v. Butler
• AAA Declared unconstitutional
• Court Packing Scheme (1937)
The New Deal & The Arts
• Works Progress
Administration (WPA)
– Oral histories of former
slaves (link)
– Theater Project
• Novels
– John Steinbeck: The
Grapes of Wrath
– Richard Wright: Native
Son
• Murals
New Deal Murals