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FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE
Translation Series No. 3020
Reproduction of Asov kilka after regulation of the flow of the Don River
G.N. Pinus
Original title: Vosproizvodstvo Azovskoi tyul'ki y period zaregulirovaniya
stoka Dana
From:
Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Morskogo
Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii (VNIRO) (Proceedings of the
All-Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography),
86(6) : 97-102, 1971
Translated by the Translation Bureau(NKM)
Multilingual Services- DivisiOn
Department of the Secretary of State of Canada
Depàrtment of the Environment
FisherieS and. Marine Service
Arctic Biologiçai,Station
Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P:Q,
-
1974
9 pages typescript
.1"
-
DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT
TRANSLATION BUREAU
BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS
DIVISION DES SERVICES
MULTILINGUAL SERVICES
CANADA
MULTILINGUES
DIVISION
F15-.ies, 3 D iaa
INTO - EN
TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE
English
Rus sian
AUTHOR - AUTEUR
G.N. Pinus
TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS
Reproduction of Azov Kilka after Regulation of the Flow of the Don River
TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS)
TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS)
Vosproizvodstvo Azovskoi tybrki v period zaregulirovaniya stoka Dona
REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS,
RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS.
Trudy Vsesoyuznogo nauchno - issledovaterskogo instituta morskogo
rybnogo khozaistva i okeanografii (VNIRO)
REFERE.NCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS
Transactions of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Sea Fisheries and
Oceanography
PUBLISHER- ÉDITEUR
PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL
NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS
DATE OF PUBLICATION
DATE DE PUBLICATION
L'ORIGINAL
97-102
Not given
YEAR
ANNÉE
PLACE OF PUBLICATION
LIEU DE PUBLICATION
VOLUME
ISSUE NO.
NUMÉRO
NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES
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DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES
1971
USSR
86
6
9
REQUESTING DEPARTMENT
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Environment
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Fisheries Service
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DATE OF REQUEST
DATE DE LA DEMANDE
SOS-200-10-6 (REV. 2/68)
7530-21-025-6833
Inlorrrra:ica
February 6, 1974.
NIM
4.n1-:Drr1) inAPISI,AT:ON
-or izv7ormas- lon only
TRACYJC.71t,-;
YOUR NUMBER
VOTREDOSSIERNO
615878
f.
.
)
"biPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
ej?
SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT
TRANSLATION BUREAU
BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS
MULTILINGUAL SERVICES
DIVISION DES SERVICES
DIVISION
MULTILINGUES
DEPARTMENT
CLI ENT'S NO.
NC) DU CLIENT
MINISTÉRE
Environment
.....
LANGUAGE
LANGUE
BUREAU NO.
N° DU BUREAU
615878
Russian
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TRANSLATOR (INITIALS)
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Source: Trudy Vsesoyuznogo nauchno - issledovaterskogo instituta morskogo
rybnogo khozaistva i okeanografii (Transactions of the All-Union
Scientific Research Institute of Sea Fisheries and Oceanography),
Vol. 36, Issue 6, 1971, pp. 97-102.
UDC 639.372.2 (262.54)
REPRODUCTION OF AZOV KILKA AFTER REGULATION OF THE FLOW OF_TUE,DfflyeR
s.
ex-ti y
G.N. Pinus
Ççr
It is well known that regulation.of Tthn;Z:ri:1=nd
bodies of water changes the hydrologic and hydrochemical regimes, which
have a substantial effect on the biology of fish.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hydropower
Construction on the conditions of reproduction of kilka in*Tagonrog Gulf.
Thus, in the years immediately after regulation of the flow of the Don
River (1954 and 1955), experiments and field observations were conducted
on spawning populations and the efficiency of their reproduction. The
data obtained were compared with the results of studies conducted in 1950-
1953 [1, 5] and data on the hydrologic regime of Tagonrog Gulf for 19501960 [11].
A special method [9] was worked out to determine the effect of the
numerical strength and composition of the parental population and of
*The numbers in the right-hand margin are the numbers of the pages of the
original text. (Translator)
sOS-2 00-1 0-31
7530.21-029-5332
(97)*
2.
changes in environmental conditions during the reproduction period of
kilka on fluctuations in the numerical strength of the progeny.
This
method is based on an examination of the effect of the sum total of all
natural factors when one of the factors undergoes changes while the others
are kept at optimum levels.
The method helped to establish optimum param-
eters for each factor (teMperature, salinity and choppiness of the water)
for various stages of development of the ovum.
The feeding of larvae at
different stages of development was studied at the same time.
Despite the large number of studies which have been devoted to the
analysis of the causes of fluctuation in the population of Azov kilka, a
unified opinion on this question has not been arrived at by researchers.
R.A. Kostyuchenko [3, 4] believes that by bringing about changes in salinity and other factors,the flow of the Don River affects the numerical
strength of a kilka generation.
Most of the other researchers conclude
that the survival rate of the larvae during the early stages of development, being a function of the food supply, has a decisive effect on the
size of a generation [2, 5, 6 and 8]. A.N. Smirnov [10] believes that
fluctuations in the population of kilka are governed by the quantity of
biomass of food organisms, salinity and water temperature in Taganrog
Gulf, without isolating any one of these factors as the main cause of the
resulting fluctuations.
In our opinion, the hydrologic regime of the Sea of Azov and
Taganrog Gulf in 1950-1960, characterized by large fluctuations in spring
temperatures, a low level of water transparency, a variable wind regime
and slight salinity with considerable fluctuations, created conditions which
permit the reproduction of only certain species of fish, Azov kilka being
one of these.
3.
Kilka is a typically pelagic plankton-eating eurythermal fish,
moving in schools, which in the Sea of Azov withstands fluctuations in
water temperature ranging from 0 ° C to 27°C [7].
However, thermal condi-
tions have a great effect on the entire life cycle of kilka.
Water tem-
perature determines its winter and spring migrations, the rate of maturation, the time and du r- ation of spawning, the survival rate of ova, the
intensity of feeding, the rate of growth of larvae, and other factors.
The characteristic biological features of Azov kilka (the lengthy
spawning period, laying eggs in batches, the short life cycle and early
maturation) and the rapid rate of renewal of the spawning population which
is associated with these made it possible for kilka to maintain a population of high numerical strength in conditions of the changeable regime of
the Sea of Azov.
An analysis of the factors which affect the numerical strength of
a generation of kilka directly or indirectly showed that the most important of these is the temperature regime during the embryonic development
of kilka (- = + 0.89 ± 0.15).
Optimum conditions for the development and
survival of ova are created at a water temperature of 15-18 ° C.
In years
when such a temperature lasts for approximately 20 days during the period
of the mass spawning of kilka, the generation of kilka is large. The
temperature also affects spawning migrations, the intensity of spawning
and, in certain years (e.g. 1953 and 1954), the development of zooplankton.
However, the development of zooplankton is determined in the majority of
cases not so much by the thermal regime of Taganrog Gulf as by the amount
of flow in the Don River from January to Eay (r= + 0.88 ± 0.15).
The mass spawning of kilka occurs in Taganrog Gulf when the salinity is 0.5-7 °Aœ . Regulation of the flow of the Don River resulted in a
(99)
4.
more uniform discharge of water from the reservoir during the year. This.
had a certain effect on the salinity of Taganrog Gulf but, for all practical purposes, did not change the spawning range of kilka. The coefficients of correlation between the average salinity in the central and
eastern region of Taganrog Gulf, where kilka generally spawn, and the
numerical strength of fingerlings for 1952-1960 are -0.21 ± 0.37 and
-0.18 ± 0.38, respectively, i.e. there is no significant correlation.
When the choppiness of the water measures
1-2 points*,
which is most often the case during the period of mass spawning of Azov
kilka, approximately 40% survive the initial stage of development; when
the choppiness of the water measures 4 points*, the survival rate in the
initial stage of development is 15%. However, such a high level of roughness during the spawning period of kilka is rarely observed. No correla-tion was found between the wind regime in Taganrog Gulf and the numerical
strength of generations of kilka (r =- 0.22 ± 0.08).
The oxygen content in May, prior to and after regulation of the
flow of the Don River, was relatively high and also did not affect the
numerical strength of a kilka generation (i- = + 0.20 ± 0.44).
There were no substantial changes in the food supply for the larvae
of kilka in Taganrog Gulf.prior to and following hydropower construction.
The quantity of food (copepods) in May was equally high and did not limit
the numerical strength of a generation. No significant correlation was
*(on a 0-9 point scale)
1 point - smooth sea, waves 0.1-0.25 m high
2 points - slight sea, waves 0.25-0.75 m high
4 points - rough sea, waves 1.25-2.0 m high
(Reference - Anglo-Russian Naval Dictionary, Moscow, 1962 - Translator).
a.
5.
found between the biomass of copepods in Taganrog Gulf in May and the
numerical strength of fingerlings in 1950-1961 (r = + 0.28 ± 0.30).
Thus, regulation of the flow of the Don River did not have a negative
effect on the feeding conditions of larvae in Taganrog Gulf.
The quality of the parental population of Azov kilka is related
mainly to the food supply in July
(r = + 0.66 ± 0.19).
In the period
under consideration (1950-1960), the food supply in the Sea of Azov was
relatively favorable and fluctuations in the food supply did not affect
the quality of the parental population to such an extent that it would in
turn affect the numerical strength of a generation
(r = - 15 ± 0.33).
There was no significant correlation between the numerical strength of
the spawners and the size of a generation of Azov' kilka (r= + 0.26 ± 0.17).
On the strength of a comprehensive study of the characteristic
features of the reproduction of Azov kilka, it was established that the
thermal conditions existing in Taganrog Gulf in May have a decisive effect
on the development and survival of ova in the majority of cases. The established relationships make it possible to predict the numerical strength
of a generation of kilka on the basis of the number of days with a temperature of 15-18 ° C, taking into consideration the hydrologic regime and the
characteristic features of zooplankton development in Taganrog Gulf
(see Table).
In years when optimum temperatures (15-18 ° C) are observed during a
period of 9-12 days, the generations which are produced are small (averaging 300 fingerlings per set of a lampara net). In years when a temperature
of 15-18 ° C lasts for an average of 20 days, the numerical strength of
fingerlings increases (averaging 1.300 fingerlings per set of a lampara
net).
(101)
6.
Conditions for Reproduction of Azov Kilka in May 1950-1960
Year
Number
of
spawners*
Number
of days
with
Salinity
in central
temperature region
of 15-18°
of Gulf,
1950.
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1574
1360
2418
907
681
2966
2388
554
1738
2208
2925
* Per set of
**(on a 0-12
3 points 4 points (Reference
19
12
21
23
12
18
9
10
12
8.4
3.8
5.0
6.0
2.6
2.7
5.3
5.3
6.0
02 content Number
Biomass
Number
in water,
of days
of
of
millilitres with winds copepods, finger-
per litre
6:3
6.6
6.4
6.4
6.1
6.4
6.6
of 3-4
points**
il
8
12
4
3
12
9
4
15
3
4
mg/m3
285
3016
338
557
955
1238
313
922
1465
129
309
lings*
716
1015
282
1438
1662
394
1425
737
740
73
339
a lampara net.
point scale)
gentle
breeze, wind velocity 3.4-5.2 m/sec
moderate breeze, wind velocity 5.3-7.4 m/sec
- Anglo-Russian Naval Dictionary, Moscow, 1962 - Translator).
The established relationships will make future mathematical generalizations possible, which will facilitate more accurate predictions of
the numerical strength of Azov kilka.
...??!T;SY. ° ^.--.,c^*.r, st,^,}.ç;-^'i. •l.ro .^.m^n^tr,a^._.re n^:.usr^ r,r,•,j..,nm:.^evec+e^ny+r^a^w.x^m
7.
BIBIIOGRAPHY
1. Bokova E.N. "Feeding Possibilities of Kilka Juveniles in the Sea
of Azov in Conditions of Regulated Flow". Problems of Ichthylogy,
Issue 4, 1964.
2. Karpevich A.F. "The Effect of the Changing Flow of Rivers and the
Regime of the Sea of Azov on the Commercial and Forage Fauna of
the Sea of Azov". Trudy of the Azov Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 1960.
3. Kostyuchenko R.A. "Spring Migrations of Azov Kilka". Trudy of the
Azov - Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Sea Fisheries
and Oceanography, Issue 15, 1951.
4. Kostyuchenko R.A. "The Change in the Reserve of Azov Kilka Following Regulation of the Flow of Rivers". Trudy VNIRO. Vol. XXXI,
Issue 2, 1955.
5. Logvinovich D.N. "Some Factors which Determine the Harvest of Azov
Kilka Juveniles". Trudy of the Azov - Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Sea Fisheries and Oceanography, Issue 16,
1955.
6. Maiskii V.N., Minder L.P. and Dormenko V.V. Kilka of the Sea of Azov.
Sirderopol, Crimean Oblast Book Publishing House, 1950.
7. Maiskii V.N. "State of the Supply of Gobies, Anchovies and Kilka in
the Sea of Azov in 1931-1958". Trudy of the Azov Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 1960.
8. Mikhman A.S. "Patterns of Recruitment of the Commercial Stock of
Azov Kilka". Trudy of Young Scientists, Issue 1, Publishing
House of the Department of Scientific and Technical Information
of VNIRO, 1969.
9. Pinus G.N. "The Causes of Fluctuation in the Population of Azov
Mika". Trudy of VNIRO, Vol. LXXI, 1970.
10. Smirnov A.N. "The Effect of Ecological Factors on the Efficiency of
Reproduction of Some Species of Fish in the Taganrog Gulf of the
Sea of Azov". Problems of Ichthyology, Vol. 9, Issue 4 (57), 1969.
U. Spichak M.K. "The Hydrologic Regime of the Sea of Azov in 1951-1957
and Its Effect on Certain Chemical and Biological Processes".
Trudy of the Azov Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries,
Vol. I, Issue 1, 1960.
8.
A TCD8TYLL
I. BOEDB8 E.H. HugeHue B08140KHOrTH 00.110AM TOZI,KH 1180BOKOM
B YCZOBBHIC aaperymmpouHun CTOK8. ISOHMXTBOROri n .
Bun.4, 1964.
2. Kapnemq A.O. BR4RHH8 mamennogerocH CTOK8 pen u penuma 1130BCKOPO maim H8 ero npommexouy» m nopuoHylo OayHy. TpyAm
AaHWAPX. T.I. Bun.I, 1960.
3. KOCTWICHKO P.A. 0 HeoeuHux murpanunx 880BCKODI TWILICH. TpyAm
AagepHMPO. Bun.I5, 1951.
P.A. HameHeHue aanaca 830BCKOM TŒBKH HOCJID 88—
locTeleHno
4.
perymposam OTOK8 pen. TpyAm BHHPO. T.XXXI. Bun.2, 1955.
' 5. AOFBLIHOBWI A.H. 0 HexoTopux OanTopax, onpue.uniaux ypoxak
MOZOAH 83OBCK011 MUM. TpyAm AallepHHPO. Bun.I6, 1955.
6. Haenuk B.H., HuHAep A.H. m ilopmeHno B.B. LOU» AaoBcnoro
mopa. CLIcI)eponon, KpummaAaT, 1950.
7. Makenon B.H. 00CTORRH8 8811800B 6101KOB, )(MICH H TIORBKM B ABOBmum mope B 1931-1958 rr. TpyAu AaHOZPX. T.I. Bun.I, 1960.
8 , MUXU8H IX. 0 88KOHOU8pHOCTHX nonomHenma npommonouoro CT8,718
asomenott TATUM!. TpyAm mozoAmx pleHmx. Bun.I. HaA. OHTZ
BHHPO, 1969.
9. HmHye F.H. 0 npumax KO1OO8HER MICZCHHOCTil 880BCK011 TeALKH.
Tpyo BHHPO. T. LXXI, 1970.
IO. Cumpuom A.H. 1328HHH8 anomormenux 08KTOpOB H8 314CKTHBHOCTB
paamHomeumn HenoTopux Hun pud B Tarauporenom 8811OB6 A308—
mcoro mopn. "Bonp.uxTuonor.". T.9. liun.4 (57), 1969.
II. Cutlet( U.K. rmAponormemmg pemmm Aaounoro mopn B 1951195? ri'. m ero BZHEHMO Ha HeHoTopue xummtlecue m duomormtome nponeecm. TpyAu AsHHHPX. T.I. Bun.I, 1960.
9.
The reproduction of the Azov kilka in the postregulated period of the Don .nver flow
G.N.Pinus
unlmary
The studies of reproduction conditions for the Azov
kilka have shown that the.thermal regime in the period of
embryogeny is the decisive factor for the numerical strength
of year-classes. Basing on the relations revealed it is
possible to predict the size of a new generation referring
to the number of days with the temperature ranging from 15 °
° C over the intensive spawning period of the species. to18