Innovation and transfer of innovation
Tarja Frisk
Educa-Instituutti Oy
26.10.2009
26.10.2009
26.10.2009
Different meanings of an innovation
A good practice
(www.sosiaaliportti.fi/en)
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A good practice and innovation are often used as synonyms.
A good practice is usually used when a practice has been
versatile evaluated and it has been used for some time.
A Good practice:
Is functional and effective and evaluated to achieve good
outcomes for the user
Is ethically acceptable
Is based on versatile knowledge on the effectiveness of the
practice
Is described in such a manner that the reader is able to
assess what kind of knowledge its practical effectiveness is
derived from and whether this is described concisely
Is described concicely
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Aspects of transfer of innovation
(Rogers 2003; Greenhalgh 2004)
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Transfer of innovation = An innovation is implemented
and applied in other organizations where it has been
developed.
TOI Is always a learning process
It is a systematic process both from the adopters or
developers view.
Transfer is difficult because the most knowledge of the
innovation is tacit
Transfer is
‹ Sharing knowledge
‹ Interaction with others
‹ Analysing and reframing adopters own context
‹ Co-operation
‹ Planning resources
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Ways of thinking about transfer (Arnkil
2006)
Rational planning Learning
organization
Open and versatile
context
Hierarchic
Interactional
Interactional
Expertise
Knowledge develops in
cooperative learning
process
Observable knowledge Observable knowledge
and tacit knowledge.
Linear
Learning and
developing are going
together and happen at
same time
Certain knowledge
Learning of mistakes
and surprises
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Knowledge develops in
communication of
everyday work
Local theory and tacit
knowledge
Self-organising action
Uncertaintity is part of
the process
The four stages of developing
practices (kunnat.net)
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1. An interesting practice
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2. A promising practice
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A practice has been used for quite a long time – There are
evidence-based results about it
4. A settled good practice
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A practice has been used some time – some information based
on self evaluation and evaluation made by others
3. A good practice
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A new idea or invention – no information about the results or
goodness
An established practice which has been used for a long time. –
versatile evidence-based evaluation and evaluated results
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Context issues (Greenhalgh 2004)
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Context is a key thing to adopting an innovation
It is not the practice rather knowledge about
innovation that can be transferred
By reinventing and modifying a new invention can
be fixed better to fit to the existing context
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Adoption of innovation
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Adoption of innovations means seeking
information and knowledge and active
processing that knowledge
‹ Stages of transfer (Rogers 2003)
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knowledge
persuasion
decision
implementation
confirmation
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The four main elements in the adoption
process (Rogers 2003)
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Innovation
Communication channels
Time
A social system
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Characteristics of innovations (Rogers
2003; Graanhalgh 2004).
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Relative advantage
Compability
Complexity
Trialability
Observability
Reinvention
Fuzzy boundaries
Risks
Knowledge required to use it
Support
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Ways of transferring innovations
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Based on self service
‹ Based on databanks and help desk
‹ Based on tutoring and mentoring
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Tools for TOI
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A description of an innovation
Tutoring and training
Discussions
Using internet and social media
Tools for diffusion and dissemination
Peer methods
benchmarking
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