Motorway pricing principles and
interoperability of electronic toll systems
AGENDA
Principles of road pricing
EFC
Interoperability
Examples
PRINCIPLES OF ROAD PRICING
Road pricing are direct charges levied for the use of infrastrure e.g. roads, bridges,
tunnels usually to finance the cost of infrastructure or to control the traffic congestion
e.g. the access to an specific area.
Charges are based:
•On distance e.g. open toll with mainline barrier toll plazas or close with entry/exit
tolls.
•Time based fees for example vignette e.g. Austria
•Or associated traffic congestion or other negative environmental externalities such as
pollution, gas emission, noise.
e.g.: Road congestion pricing for entering an urban area.
e.g.: Oslo congestion charge.
PRICING
Vehicles are charged different prices on the motorways according to
the classification they fall into, which toll plaza they pass through and the time of the
day. Classification is determined by the automatic vehicle classification system.
Example of a motorway:
Number of Wheels
under 4
Height at first axle
-
Number of axles
-
CLASS 1
2
CLASS 2
more than 2
CLASS 3
2
CLASS 4
3a6
CLASS 5
more than 6
CLASS 6
under 1.3m
4 or more
1.3m or more
BACKGROUND POLICY CONTEXT
Background policy context.
The transport infrastructure has a great impact on economic growth.
Therefore the transport infrastructure efficiency must be maximized.
However, transport infrastructure is affected by the lack of a common approach to the
question of interoperability.
Objective:
Implementation of the interoperable Electronic Fee Collection along a corridor
belonging to several countries with toll motorways.
WHAT IS EFC?
EFC Electronic fee collection is a system that allows toll charging without a physical
transaction and the need to stop the vehicles.
Different technologies can be used:
EFC based on DSRC (Dedicated short-range communications)
The vehicle must be provided with an OBE, and the lanes have to include the
required RSE (Road side equipment).
The European standards establish 5.8 GHz as the microwave range of
frequencies to guaranty the interoperability.
There are also other standards like the 915 MHz Band.
EFC based on Global navigation satellite system/cellular network
HOW A DSRC WORKS
Dedicated mono lane
HOW A DSRC WORKS
Phases of DSRC communication
HOW A DSRC WORKS
Multilane Free Flow chart.
HISTORY
History of the ETC in Europe
1986 the first ETC was installed in BERGEN Norway.
1990’s several system were installed from multiple manufactures and road operators.
2004 Directive 2004/52/EC established the conditions necessary to ensure the
interoperability of electronic road toll systems in Europe. Includes the following
technologies:
Satellite positioning/ Mobile communications using the GSM- GPRS
standard
5.8 GHz microwave DSRC technology
2009 Decision 2009/750/CE defines the principles of European Electronic Toll Service
and their technical elements
EFC IN EUROPE
EFC situation in Europe
Each country has developed its own EFC system
Heterogeneous systems
National and Regional Electronic Toll Systems in Europe based on microwave (**)
COUNTRY
ItalY
Portugal
France
France
Norway
Spain
Australia
Denmark
Greece
Greece
Ireland
SYSTEMS
Telepass
Vía Verde
Liber-T
TIS/PL (Pesados)
Autopass
VIA-T
Europ-Pass
Norits (EasyGo)
TEO Pass
E-Pass
EasyPass
TECHNOLOGY
National Standard (UNI)
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-A
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-A
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
DSRC CEN TC-278 Set-B
TRANSACTION TYPE
Telepass Owner
Vía Verde Owner
TIS (*)
CARDME (*)
Q-Free Owner
CESARE/PISTA (*)
CARDME (*)
CESARE/PISTA (*)
CESARE/PISTA (*)
A1 Customized (*)
TIS (*) y A1(*)
(*) CESARE/PISTA, A1,TIS y CARDME transactions are technically compatible and can be read in a single antenna.
(**)Systems based on GNSS are not included
INTEROPERABILITY
Concepts of EFC interoperability.
Interoperability is the capacity for different toll system to supply and accept services
from different devices.
The interoperable Electronic fee collection (IOEFC) is a standard EFC system, which
allows the user to carry out transactions with the same OBE in a region-wide, nationwide, cross border network (international) of toll motorways.
The EFC interoperability is established at 3 levels:
Technical interoperability: A set of technical specifications for both OBE and RSE
has to be defined.
It also requires the adoption of a common transaction model.
Service/Product interoperability: A common set of codes and signs has to be
established (logos, trademarks) to introduce the IOEFC service to the market as a
product.
INTEROPERABILITY
Business/Contractual interoperability:
There has to be several agreements between the different players of the EFC service
To ensure the operations related to the common EFC service.
These interoperability levels are sequential. In order to achieve Product
interoperability, the first step is to achieve Technical interoperability; finally, to reach
Business interoperability.
TECHNICAL INTEROPERABILITY
PRODUCT INTEROPERABILITY
COMMON TECHNOLOGY
SAME TRANSACTION MODEL
COMMON SERVICES
STANDART PRODUCT
COMMON PERCEPTION
BUSINESS INTEROPERABILITY
COMMON SERVICES
AND ISSUERS
SHARED SERVICES
INTEROPERABILITY
How to achieve the technical interoperability?
Identification of the operational requirements for the EFC equipment
Definition of the transaction model
Definition of the security scheme
Definition for the system specification
Qualification of the equipment under real traffic conditions
Elaboration of a migration plan for existing EFC system
How to achieve product interoperability?
In order to ensure product interoperability, has to be defined the main characteristics
of the EFC common service (i.e objectives, requirements, scope, providers) as well
as a detailed definition of all the services provided.
INTEROPERABILITY
How to achieve business/contractual interoperability?
The interoperability requires a contract between the user and the issuer of the
payment means and it also requires a common agreement between Toll charger and
issuers
Clauses of the MoU Signatory TSPs are the basis to create the EFC System and to
implement the common MoU Organization.
Clauses of the MoU Adherent Issuers allow the adhesion of Issuers to the EFC
system.
Issuer/User Contract clauses guarantee the proper use of the OBE and allows the
payment of the tolls by the User.
Send transits
TOLL OPERATOR
/ CHARGER
Send receipt
ISSUER /
TOLL SERVICE PROVIDER
Payment
USER
Payment
EXAMPLES
Example in Spain (Nation wide Interoperability)
The system is based on DSRC 5,8 GHZ ( European standard) and the type of
transaction PISTA.
Toll operators signed a MoU. With this document the Spanish TSP have agreed to
create a national interoperable EFC system, called “VIA-t”.
A second agreement has been established between the Spanish toll operators and
the 3 companies that manage the most important bank related payment means
services: SERVIRED, 4B and Euro 6000.
With this agreement the payment means companies carry out the interbank data and
clearing. The banks (issuers) provide the OBE to the users, linking these devices
with their own bank accounts.
INTERNATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY
Spain and Portugal
Technical interoperability already exists i.e. a VIA-T OBU can be read in by a
Portuguese operator and a Via Verde OBU compatible with the EN15509 can be
read in a Spanish toll road.
To be operative an agreement between issuers has to be agreed.
Now there are several agreement between the issuers.
Spain and France
Both countries use the same technology and they are interoperable if there is an
agreement between operators and issuers.
Scandinavian countries.
Easy Go+ : Easy Go is a cooperation between Toll operators with the objective to
offer an efficient and convenient means of payment for users of toll roads and ferries.
Presently the EASY GO + service includes Toll Chargers and ferries in the
Scandinavian countries and ferries between Denmark and Germany.
OTHER EXAMPLES
[email protected]
www.tecsidel.com