SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACTION PLAN
The State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher”
Azerbaijan
July 2014
Contents
1
Executive Summary
2
Introduction
2.1
Country Background
2.2
Old City of Baku
2.3 Legislative and Institutional Framework
3
Governance
3.1
Socio-economical characteristics
4
Objective (s) and Targets
5
Current framework and vision for the future
6
Baseline Emission Inventory
6.1
Natural gas
6.2
Building and facilities
6.3
Transportation
6.4
Electricity
6.4.1
6.5
7
Outdoor Lighting
Heating system
Planned Actions and Measures for the Duration of Plan
7.1
Long Term Action
7.1.1
Construction of new gas distribution networks
7.1.2
Promotion of energy efficient products and services
2
7.2
Short Term Action
7.2.1
LED bulbs for Outdoor lighting
7.2.2
Sensors in buildings
7.2.3
Transport System
7.2.4
Residential buildings
7.3
8
Public activities with citizens and stakeholders
7.3.1
Public awareness programs
7.3.2
Bicycle culture propaganda actions
7.3.3
Public campaign and networking
Administrative structure of SEAP Implementation
9
Monitoring and Evaluation
11
ANNEXES
11.1
Scheme of State of technological infrastructure of the Icherisheher
11.2
Energy resources consumed by the Icherisheher in 2011
11.3
Public Lighting SolutionОшибка! Закладка не определена.
3
1
ExecutiveSummary
The Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” has committed itself to
reduce its greenhouse gas emissions up to 20% from 2011up to the year 2020 in its fields of activity
within the Administration’s sphere of authority. 2011 was chosen as the baseline year, due to the
availability of reliable data. The achieved reduction in emissions will be a result of both long-term energysaving work and attitude changes of the local public.
The Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” is able to control and
reduce the carbon dioxide emissions caused by its own energy use, but it is also partialy possible to
influence emissions caused by energy use in other sectors, through tools such as building retrofitting,
increasing the awareness and the provision of energy conservation campaigns, and more generally by
acting as a good example and spreading information of the best practices. Approximately 36 % of the
emissions in the Reserve “Icherisheher” are estimated to be within the power sector of the city. Over 70
percent of electricity consumption is accounted for public lighting and municipality buildings. Hence, major
focus of the action plan is on the electricity sector. The actions presented under Scopes 6 are the sources
of emissions which Old City of Baku (Icherisheher) has a jurisdiction for intervention. Sustainable Energy
Action Plan envisages programmed actions which are designed to reduce CO2 emissions within the
boundaries of the Old City.
2
2.1
Introduction
CountryBackground
The economic development of the country in the last decade was strong with an averagegrowth rate of
GDP of around 10% for the period 2000–2005; in 2005–2007 it increased almostthreefold, reaching 28%
on average and falling down to 10% in 2008–2009 annually. Oil andgas development and export have
been central matter for Azerbaijan’s economic growth. The volumeof production has increased due to
visible progress in almost all the fields of industry as well as inoil and gas, chemistry and oil chemistry,
machinery, metal processing, building materials andindustry.
4
At present, Azerbaijan provides 100% of its gross energy consumption through domesticproduction, which
is currently largely reliant on the exploitation of the country’s hydrocarbonreserves, namely oil and natural
gas. Azerbaijan is, at the present time, a net exporter of oiland natural gas. There are a number of
perspective fieldsin Azerbaijan that are under development and it is expected that new exploration fields
willpositively contribute to an increase in the country’s oilproduction.
Securing long-term energy independence is a stated policy goal for fostering economicgrowth. However,
as the country is already energy independent and is a net energy exporter,the momentum towards
harnessing a renewable energy sources (RES) potential appears to belinked to recent high international
oil and gas prices.
The Azerbaijani Government has adopted the State Programme for the Development of theFuel and
Energy Sector (2005–2015), which identifies and sets development targets for thevarious sub-sectors
within the energy sector along with a package of specifically definedmeasures aimed at achieving
theabovementioned targets and goals within the prescribedperiod over the next 10 years. The overall goal
of the state programme is to meet the electricpower, gas and other energy demands of both thepopulation
and economy fully throughthe continued development of the fuel and energy sector. There is limited
competition due toexisting monopolies in the gas and electricity sectors.
Azerbaijan joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)in the
category of a non-Annex I country in 1995, and is also a signatory to other internationalagreements on
climate change, such as the Kyoto Protocol. Its Climate Change Programme(CCP) focuses on three main
areas: the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, vulnerability andadaptation and GHG mitigation and carbon
financing. The second national communicationon climate changes was submitted to the UNFCCC in
2010.
The renewable energy resources will help Azerbaijan to reach to the next stage in its future development.
Azerbaijan is known as a rich country which possesses renewable and alternative energy potential and
intends to increase the share of renewable and alternative energy resources in the total energy
production up to 20 percent until 2020. Moreover, Azerbaijan possesses very fruitful natural conditions
for elaborating renewable energy resources.
At the outset, Absheron peninsula has got enormous
potential for wind power energy. The speed of the wind is ranging between 3 - 7 m/sec along a year which
isconsideredas very good circumstance for the wind power generators.
5
The Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated 01.02.2013 on Improvement of
Management System in the field of Alternative and Renewable Energy in the country resulted in
establishment of State Agency on Alternative and Renewable Energy Resources of the Republic of
Azerbaijan.
The Agency is a central executive body whichdeals with management and arrangement of the state policy
on Alternative and Renewable Energy and its efficient comsumption, effective management and
coordination of theactivities on Alternative and Renewable Energy Resources and implementation of
State supervision on these activities within the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The Agency takes part in formation of unique state policy on the related field and guarantees the
realization of this policy,enables the development of Alternative and Renewable Energy field and
establishment of its infrastructure, and ensures the application of alternative and renewable energy in the
economy and social field.
2.2
The OldCityof Baku
6
The Old City of Baku or Inner City (Icherisheher) is the historical centre of Baku. This small town has
managed to preserve its ancient architectural and cultural heritage throughout the centuries. The Old
Cityhas managed to preserve its ancient architectural and cultural heritage throughout the centuries. It
has been classified in 2000 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Nowadays historical center of Baku – Icherisheher is under State’s Protection. The area of the State
Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” is 22 hectares and encompasses about 500 historical
monuments. There are 4300 residents living in Icherisheher, several museums, theatres, hotels,
handicraft shops and restaurants at the disposal of residents and visitors, turns this ancient city into oneof
the most attractive destinations for tourist visiting Azerbaijan.
2.3 LegislativeandInstitutionalFramework
Among the three main priorities of Azerbaijan’s environmental policies set by the Ministry of Ecology and
Natural Resources (MENR), one is the ‘Efficient Use of Natural Resources for Meeting the Needs of
Existing and Future Generations, Benefiting from Renewable Energy Sources through Non-traditional
Methods and Achieving Energy Efficiency’. The Azerbaijani Government puts special emphasis on EE
and relevant targets are set through various state programs.
‘The National Program on Environmentally Sustainable Social and Economic Development for the period
2003–2010 recognizes the rationalization of the use of non-renewable sources of energy as an important
factor in the implementation of environmental and sustainable development. The program proposes the
following actions in relation to this purpose:
• introducing highly efficient technologies in heat power plants and optimizing the structure of the energy
system;
• promoting modern energy saving technologies in both production and non-production
sectors; and
• developing and implementing national and regional programs aimed at better use of
energy saving means in households.
The State Programme for the Development of the Fuel and Energy Sector (2005–2015) targets the
reduction of losses and prevention of the theft and inefficient use of energy in order to cover the electric
power and natural gas demands. It is stated that full payment of the cost of electricity and natural gas
7
consumed is one of the factors that would ensure efficient use of these resources. The State Program on
the Use of Alternative and Renewable Sources (approved in 2004) also envisages more efficient
utilization of hydrocarbon energy sources as one of the objectives.
Although the government sets the targets for an energy efficient economy, there is no law nor secondary
legislation specific to EE activities. The basic elements for the promotion of EE are captured in the Law on
the Use of Energy Resources, which took effect in 1996.
3
Governance
In order the long-term protection, conservation and continuation of restoration of Icherisheher, as well as
the intensification and increasing systemization of this work has established a state agency Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” under the Cabinet of Ministers
of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated 10
February 2005. Administration combines the function of a local executive power (municipal authority) and
central executive power agency. Today the Administration is fully staffed and functional, and has 8
entities within its structure that enable it to fulfill its mandate.
Administration has full authority in the area in all the matters relating to the city management,
infrastructure, protection of monuments, research and protection of the cultural heritage etc.
Administration is directly reporting to the Cabinet of Ministers and its Director is being appointed by the
President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The entire heritage area has been declared a preserve in the
domestic legislation.
In 2009 Protection Buffer Zone of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” has been
identified and approved by the Decision of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
During the last 7 years the Administration has developed number of strategic documents aimed at
conservation and development of the city. These include – Conservation Master Plan, Integrated Area
Management Action Plan, and most recently Integrated High Level Economic Development strategy and
action plan. Various international experts, architects and management consulting companies were
engaged for the development of these documents.
Conservation Master Plan(CMP) was approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan
in November 2010.
8
The Charter of the Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” under the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan was approved by a Decree of the President of the
Republic of Azerbaijan on May 16, 2007, and the Administration has been operating since that time. In
order to fulfill its duties, the Administration has the authority to: prepare regulatory and legal acts
concerning to the reservedarea or participate in the preparation of such acts; ban the execution of any
renovation, rehabilitation, reconstruction, regeneration and construction repair works not authorized by
the Administration; issue mandatory instructions; stop transfer for use, including the leasing of
monuments under state (municipal) ownership where such transfer has not been approved by the
Administration; suspend archeological and excavation works in the Reserve area; set up structures and
facilities providing services on a temporary and permanent basis and generate income from their
operation in compliance with legislation, etc.
Charter on the Special Legal Regime Regulation of Buffer Zone of Icherisheherhas been approved by the
Cabinet of Ministers (September, 2011). It has been prepared in accordance with the proposals of
relevant state authorities (namely, State Committee of Urban Planning and Architecture, Ministry of
Justice, National Academy of Sciences and the Executive Power of Baku). The document stipulates
special legal regime for buffer zone where all kind of activities that may endanger the historical
monuments are prohibited.
In order to study scientific-technical achievements and advanced experiences related to the Reserve the
Scientific and Technical Council under the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” is being
created.
Significant conservation and restoration works affecting public areas and facades of the public buildings
and squares has been carried out. A Number of objects of tourist infrastructure were developed and
procured in order to respond to the growing number of visitors to the Old City. Fully computerized system
of traffic management has been developed and operated with the purpose to limit the maximum number
of cars that can access Old City at any given time.
3.1
Socio-economicalcharacteristics
There are 4300 inhabitants of the Icherisheher. Meanwhile, 22 percent of the inhabitants are the youth.
The residential density of the people is 19460 capita per km². There are 1023 apartments in 424
residential buildings in the area of Icherisheher. These buildings are classified as per their stroys as
follows:
-
One – stroyed building - 37 pieces
9
-
Two – stroyed building - 286 pieces
-
Three – stroyed building - 87 pieces
-
Four – stroyed building - 9 pieces
-
Five – stroyed building - 2 pieces
-
Seven – stroyed building - 3 pieces
Besides the residential buildings, there are 39 administrative buildings (9 museums, 6 diplomatic
missions, 9 state agencies, 10 mosques, 2 public unions, 1 kindergarden and 1 fine arts school), 341
commercial enterprises (28 hotels, 24 service enterprises, 26 catering establishments, 15 groceries, 87
non-food product stores, 4 banks, 141 offices, 11 exhibition halls, 5 workshops).
The new vacant places are created for ensuring the employment of inhabitants of the Icherisheher.
These vacant places are mainly covers tourism sector and craftsmanship. In order to pave the way of
development of traditional mastership and create mastership blocks the rehabilitation of the houses had
been implemented. Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisher” along with the
UK based Prince’s School of Traditional Arts established “Icherisheher Centre for Traditional Arts” for
reviving the decorative applied fine arts types which are threatened to disappear.
Meanwhile, there are a lot of work done to improve the services on public utilities. In the first time in
Azerbaijan the selective transportation of household waste had been applied in the Inner City. In order to
ensure the quick response on applications of inhabitants of the “Icherisher” State Historical-Architectural
Reserve and improve the rendered service quality, the new online application system has been created in
the Housing Maintanance Service .
The special measures are carried out for reducing the engagement problems amongst the inhabitants of
Inner City.
In order to ensure the comforts and health of the inhabitants, the special medical point was opened.
The Council of Elders consisting of persons highly respected by the inhabitants, has been established
and provided with special office for paving the Council to organize its duties accordingly in order to
increase the role of inhabitanats in decision-making processes, to get benefit from the experience of local
inhabitants on construction, maintanace and rehabilitation running in the area of “Icherisher” State
Historical-Architectural Reserve.
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4
Objective (s) andTargets
Energy analysis and current energy consumption trends demonstrate that the energy demand and
electricity has been growing in the last decade at around 2,78% per year.
The objective of reducing 20% the greenhouse emissions by 2020 to compare to the baseline year 2011
in global terms. This is the main aim of the SEAP: to overcome the increasing energy demand tendency
and invert it to reach 20% reduction of the green house gas emissions with respect to the baseline year
2011.
The total emissionof CO2 in 2011(baseline) was 2794.1 MtCO2, so 20% off that value means a reduction
of
558.8 MtCO2 by the year2020. Based on this calculation the overall objective of the SEAP is to
reduce a total of 558.8 t CO2from the baseline levels by 2020.
5
Current framework and vision for the future
The replacement of electric energy by other sources, particularly renewable energy sources, could lead to
a considerable reduction in emissions.
The potential sources of GHG (Green House Gas) in the oil and gas sector in Azerbaijan are Azneft
Production Unity, the HeydarAliyev Oil Refinery in Baku and the AzerneftYag Oil and Gas Refinery, all
belonging to the state oil company (SOCAR). Every year, 3 million tons of GHG in CO 2 eq. are emitted by
SOCAR, by operating companies and joint ventures in Azerbaijan. 1.3 million tons ffthis amount are
associated gas. Starting from the end of 2009, as a result of actions by SOCAR, 600 thousand tons of
emissions were utilized. During oil extraction about 500 thousand tons in CO 2 eq. of associated gas is
released to atmosphere per year, but by taking appropriate actions the GHG emission that result from the
release of associated gas can be reduced by 1.2 million tons (Second National Communication to the
UNFCCC, MENR, 2010). SOCAR has been taking regular actions to deal with climate change. It has
established the Ecological Park in order to meet the demand for trees and shrubs, and to inform the
population about environmental issues. In order to meet part of the peak demand for electricity from
alternative energy sources and RES, four wind generators with 10 kW each and solar panels with a total
capacity of 20 kW have been installed as a pilot project.
11
With the purpose of implementing the utilization of low-pressure associated gases at the Oil Rocks project
within the CDM, a project documentation developed jointly with the Gazprom Germany Consulting
Company has been filed with the Executive Council of the Kyoto Protocol on CDM for registration, and is
now in the process of verification. After the completion of technical and installation works, 200 million m3
of associated gases will be prevented from being emitted into the atmosphere.
The plan to reduce the amount of associated gases emitted by SOCAR and by the projects of SOCAR
has been developed by SOCAR jointly with the Partnership for Reduction of Global Gas Burning initiative
of the World Bank.
According to the status of the Administration of theState Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher”,
area as “historical and architectural reserve”, all kinds of industry are prohibited in this area, except small
entrepreneurship such as cafes, tea houses, shops which mainly sell historical and cultural handicraft
illustrate Azerbaijani history, culture and local traditions.
The main sources of greenhouse emissions in this area are transport, electricity and gas supply. There is
no centralized heating system functioning at the area of State Historical-Architectural Reserve
“Icherisheher” and residents and organizations having offices here use energy and gas to warm buildings
in a cold season.
6
Baseline Emission Inventory
Baseline emissions were calculated by defining following categories:
Category 1
Municipality Buildings Natural Gas Consumption
Residential Buildings Natural Gas Consumption
Tertiary Building
Category 2
12
Municipality Buildings Electricity Consumption
Public street lighting
Residential Electricity Consumption
Category 3
Municipality Employee’s Service Transportation Fuel Consumptions
Private and Commercial Transport
Emission reduction targets of municipality of the Old City towards 2020 are set by considering following:
ü In order to calculate the reliable carbon emission inventory of the district the year 2011 is chosen
as a base year.
ü Data are taken from several sources. For the building sector the data has been gathered from
Municipality own database.
ü Electricity consumption rates of the region has been given by the local stakeholder
BAKIELEKTRIKSHEBEKE (the entity which distributes electricity in Baku region)
ü Natural gas consumption which is used in many areas for heating, cooking and etc. for the year
2011 has been taken from AZERIGAZ national gas distributor.
ü Tertiary buildings contain hotels, museums, office buildings etc.
ü For the fuel consumption of fleet of the municipality data has been taken from its own database.
ü Public lightings are also under jurisdiction of the Administration, so it has been shown in the
report and was included to the action plan.
Total baseline emissions calculated was 2794.1 T/CO2. The largest share of emissions belongs to
Buildings and Facilities with 1001 T/CO2. Emission levels for each sector provided in Figure 6.1 and 6.2
below.
13
14
Note. Emissions form Transport Sector is only 0.02% of total, hence, neglected in the chart.
Private industry is not included in the objective of reduction of CO 2 emissions and therefore no any
measures are planned for this sector.
6.1
Naturalgas
Gasification of Icherisheher started in1950. “AzeriGaz” –national gas utility company is the supplier of
natural gas. The gas distributionnetwork are regularly maintained, and checked by relevant branch of
“AzeriGaz”. Total length of gas pipeline network is 9038 m of which 60 % laid underground.
There are no leakages in gas distribution network reported in last ten years. The gas consumption
tendency in State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” is given in Table 1.
Table1.Natural gas consumption by State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher”
(2011-2013)
Natural gas consumption (thousand m3)
Category
Municipality buildings,
2011
2012
2013
600.000
520.000
555.000
89.900
55.000
71.00
17400.000
1,085000
1,160,000
equipment/facilities
Tertiary (non municipal)
buildings,
equipment/facilities
Residential buildings
Total CO2 emissions from consumption of natural gas in baseline year was2011.
15
6.2
Buildingandfacilities
At least 70% of the energy is used for warming (water warming and heating) and cooling, that means that
introduction of different applications of renewable energy sources and using more environmentally friendly
technologies is very important condition to save the current spending. And, of course, it reduces the
impact of greenhouse gas emissions that the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher”
exposes to the environment.
Total area of administrative buildings is 6780,53 m2 and it was the largest single source of CO 2 emissions
(1000 tons) in baseline year (2011).
6.3
Transportation
During past years, traffic had become a threat to the UNESCO-listed World Heritage Sites: Cars and
trucks damaged the narrow streets of an area that was not designed for motorized traffic. Exhaust fumes
both degraded the air quality of the district and threatened the historical buildings, damaging their
surfaces. Moreover, vibrations caused by traffic harmed their structures. To counter these negative
impacts, the district Reserve launched a project in 2007 that aimed at finding a solution to the damages
caused by road traffic in IcheriSheher. In September 2009, an automated traffic control system was set up
to strictly monitor vehicles going in and out of the district. The entrance into Icherisheher is regulated and
limited by two gates on paid basis, except for residents of the city and representatives of organizations
and firms having office space inside of the Icherisheher.
16
During the summer before the measure was put in place, the authorities progressively restricted traffic
and at the same time informed both car drivers and residents about the new traffic regulation to be
implemented. The system enables the identification of vehicles, records the vehicles entrance tothe
district and gives access (or not) to the vehicles, depending on the number of vehicles already present in
the old town. The goal is to be able to manage the volume of vehicles inside the district to protect
monuments and historic buildings, to development tourism, and to enable the safe and easy movements
of pedestrians within the area. Supplementing the introduction of the access restriction, all roads in the
historic center were transformed into one-way roads.
Access to the district is controlled with electronic cards. There are two access gates, and the system is
able to record any car no matter which gate it uses to enter or exit. Only car drivers who live or work in the
historical center have free access, as do public service vehicles.
Magnetic access cards are issued to the following categories of vehicle users:
·
Ambulances, fire, police and emergency services enter for free, without cards, without tickets
·
People living in the district get two free cards for private cars
17
·
Food delivery vehicles get one free card
·
Public institution vehicles get two free cards
·
Cars used by museums and exhibition centers are provided with one free card
·
Cars used by local businesses and facilities have to pay to subscribe to a card
The drivers of all other vehicles intending to enter the district have to buy an e-card before. They can
access the district on the condition that the maximum number of vehicles driving in Icherisheher has not
been reached already. The cost of the e-card varies depending on the amount of time spent on site, with
a minimum of one hour. The funds raised from the toll are dedicated to staff housing, communal services
and to the administration of the district. They are also used to finance the transportation system and pay
the staff responsible for managing the system.
As an additional feature, the software used to run the system allows adjusting the maximum number of
vehicles present in the historical district. As of today, it is kept at 450 vehicles. When this limit is reached,
only people with permanent access cards can enter the district. In this case, information is displayed on
the monitors at the entrance gate to inform visitors that access is temporarily suspended for cars. The
implementation of this system led to a six-to-seven fold reduction in the number of vehicles entering the
district.
The Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher”continues to study and
learn from experiences in foreign countries to improve the system. Generally, the number of cars on the
roads in Baku has increased during the last decade, and exhaust fumes obviously have a negative impact
on the environment, particularly on the historical buildings of "Icherisheher". For the convenience of
visitors and residents in the old town, local authorities are currently also evaluating the option of
introducing electric cars.
The Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” was the first in Azerbaijan
among municipalities starting using electro cars to reduce greenhouses emissions and promote energy
efficiency. 10 electro cars are owned by municipality which mostly used for transportation of tourists
during excursions and study tours and Municipality plan to increase the number of this type of cars by
2020 in accordance to funds budgeted for this purpose.
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The Administration of the State Historical-Architectural Reserve “Icherisheher” has a fleetof vehicles
which used on daily basis to perform tasks which are under responsibility of this organization. The
following vehicles owned byof the State Historical-Architectural ReserveAdministration “Icherisheher”.
Number and type of cars owned by the “Icherisheher” Administration including fuel type and engine size
provided below in Table 2.
Table 2.Number and type of cars owned by the IcheriSheher municipality including fuel type and
engine size.
N
Type of car
Number
Fuel
Engine size
Monthly Km average
1
BMW
2
Gasoline
3000 m3
1800 – 2000 km
2
Nissan Teana
1
Gasoline
2500 m3
1800 – 2000 km
3
Hyundai Sonata
4
Gasoline
2400 m3
1800 – 2000 km
2400 m3
1800 – 2000 km
2400 m3
1800 – 2000 km
2000 m3
1800 – 2000 km
4
Nissan Sunny
1
Gasoline
2500 m3
1800 – 2000 km
5
Microbus, Hyundai
1
Diesel
2500 m3
1500 – 1800 km
6
Fiat Doblo
2
Gasoline
1400 m3
2500-3000 km
7
Chevrolet
2
Gasoline
1690 m3
2700 – 3000 km
8
Isuzu waste disposal
3
Diesel
2771m3
1800-2200 km
truck
2771m3
4570m3
9
Mitsubishi Dump truck
3
Diesel
4750m3
2000-2500km
19
3900m3
3900m3
10
Gazel cherry picker
1
Gasoline
2890m3
10-20 hours
11
Excavator Terex
1
Diesel
65 kv
60-70 hours
12
BobCat T
1
Diesel
74,5 kv
50-60 hours
13
Tractor New Holland
1
Diesel
60 kv
40-50 hours
Parking in Icherisheher has a limited space and allowed in only locations designated by
“Icherisherer” Administration officially and marked by signposts at the territory of Reserve. In the baseline
year total emissions from transport category was only 0.5 ton including those form private cars.
20
6.4
Electricity
The major electricity supplier of Icherisheher is “BakiElektrikShebeke” –subsidiary of government utility
company. Provision of electricity to the consumers in Icherisheher is delivered by the following electric
substations:
21
Table 3 List of Substations
N Address of electric
Number of
Capacity in
Entrance
substations in Icherisheher
transformer
Watts
current Watts
1
13 H. Rzayeva street
2
1000 + 1000
10000
2
24 Boyuk Gala street
1
1000
10000
3
12 A.Zeynalli street
1
630
10000
4
12 Sabir street
2
630 + 1000
10000
5
4 Magomayev street
1
630
10000
6.4.1
OutdoorLighting
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Public street lighting (PSL) comprises of two parts: 1) Street lighting and 2) facade lighting for buildings.
Total electricity consumption by PSL facilities in base year (2011) was 473900 Kw hours. Outdoor lights
operate for 13 hours daily providing lighting for public.
Table 4. Outdoor lighting data in Icherisheher
Type of Bulb
Number
Total Capacity in
Operation
Watts
hours per day
Luminescent
1109
410
13
Metal halide
681
500
13
High Pressure
77
1500
13
Sodium
The state of technological infrastructure of “Icherisheher” Administration is presented in Annex1.
6.5
Heatingsystem
There is no heating system exist in “Icherisheher” area and all buildings are heating by electricity of gas
during cold season.
7
Planned Actions and Measures for the Duration of Plan
7.1
LongTermAction
Planned actions and measures for the full duration of the plan until 2020.
7.1.1
Construction of new gas distribution networks
It is recommended to develop a hydraulic scheme of theIcherisheher gas supply, taking into consideration
the workload of new consumers. This would enable reliable supply of gas to consumers over the long
term.
7.1.2
Promotion of energy efficient products and services
Following three actions will be undertaken by Old City administration to support energy efficient product
and services:
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·
The Administration of Icherisheher will introduce requirements of energy efficiency criteria in
tender conditions for all services and infrastructures in municipality area.
·
The Administration will promote annual city competitions to identify business and institutions that
have achieved highest performance indicators of social and economic development.
·
The Administration will award green prize to any manufacturer, business for installation of
renewable energy facility and use less traditional sources of energy.
The Administration of “Icherisheher” plans to save 100,000 Kwh of energy through above mentioned
measures. This is equivalent of 89 tons of CO2.
7.2
ShortTermAction
Administration of “Icherishsher” will take short-term actions with quick impacts on the reduction of
emissions given below:
7.2.1
LED bulbs for Outdoor lighting
Outdoor lighting account for 7 % of total emissions with its lion share in electricity consumption. The
Administration of Old City plans to replace all outdoor lighting bulbs with more efficient LED bulbs.
24
Assessment undertaken by the Administration proved that this would enable to save approximately
303,900kwhper year.
LED bulbs are proven to have up to 30,000 hrs of lifespan and are the most efficient technology available
in the market. All-LED based outdoor lighting will consume only 170,000 KW hrs of electricity versus
473,900 Kwh consumed in base year. The detailed description of proposed bulbs for outdoor lighting is
provided in Annex 3.
Public street lighting (PSL) comprises of two parts: 1) Street lighting and 2) facade lighting for buildings.
Total electricity consumption by PSL facilities in base year (2011) was 473900 Kw hours. Outdoor lights
operate for 13 hours daily providing lighting for public.
Assessment undertaken by the Municipality proved that this measure would enable to save approximately
303,900 kwh per year which is equivalent of 271 tons of CO2 per year which accounts for 48% of the
target.
7.2.2
Sensorsinbuildings
People do not occupy spaces for a large percentage of time, and are not diligent about controlling the
lighting in their spaces both during the workday, and after hours and weekends. This applies to both
public spaces as well as personal spaces. The majority of this energy waste occurs during the weekdays,
not during the weeknights or over the weekends. This pattern of energy waste is particularly suited to
control by occupancy sensors, which not only prevent runaway operation after typical business hours, but
also capture savings during the business day.
Although the majority of observed savings opportunities occurred during the weekday, the peak savings
contributions from occupancy sensors for several space types did not fall within the typical peak utility
billing periods (early afternoon) or peak commercial building demand periods (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.). This
suggests that while sensors may help to save expensive kilowatt-hours, they would have a variable effect
at reducing a building’s peak demand, given their variable performance in when they provide high levels
of savings among the various space types. This would be a useful topic of additional research, where
assigning specific kilowatt-hour rates to each kilowatt-hour saved would yield more accurate indication of
the economic benefits of installing sensors within these various space types.
Finally, modeling control scenarios with 5- to 20-minute time delay periods indicated savings potentials
that were within the ranges suggested by the industry estimates. The time delay settings used for these
25
analyses showed that energy savings can range from between 6% and 13% depending on the application
and on which time out setting is used. In addition, the highest savings were obtained in the restroom
application (47% to 60%), and the lowest in the break rooms (17% to 29%). Thus, the time delay selection
can greatly impact energy savings. Although these savings are significant they do not consider the
increased maintenance lamp and labor replacement costs that could result due to more frequent lamp
switching.Approx. 80 sensors can be installed which would enable to save 100,000 Kwh per year which
will enable to save 89 ton of CO2 per year.
7.2.3
TransportSystem
Among energy saving actions in transportation sector of Icherisheher could be further limitation in a
number of cars allowed to entrance to the city.
26
Besides, Administration of “Icherishsher” consider different options for placement of environmental check
point services at entrances to the Municipality to control greenhouses emissions exhausted by cars
engine before they will enter to the city. In case emissions from the car will exceed standards the owner of
the car will be informed and driving of the car in Reserve area will be banned.
Among other possible measures resulting from this investigation it might be creation of new park&ride
systems, promoting using of environmentally sound transportation and development of bicycle system.
Nowadays, any city cannot be sustainable in terms of mobility if does not create favorable conditions for
the bicycle as the cleanest and healthiest mean of transport. Modern cities are replacing their cars for
bikes and closing the city centers to the cars.
The Administration of “Icherisheher” plans to provide series of informative campaigns for promotion of
usage of bicycle in Icherisheher with involvement of professional sportsmen’s and to design locations for
bicycles also, especially in locations where intensive traffic is observed.
All measures listed above will result in reduction of 0.2 tons of CO2.
27
7.2.4
Residentialbuildings
The total area of residential buildings is 45000 m 2 which mostly consist of the old buildings with more than
100-150 years of history.
Administration of “Icherisheher” carries out all necessary maintenance activities during year based on
local residents requests. 150-180 houses maintained annually and most works are related with renovation
of the roofs, renovation of window, different kinds of lagging activities.
Renovating of windowscarried out by the Administration of “Icherishsher” upon request of residents. All
windows are made of wood and in order to maintain the cultural value of the buildings, hence only
wooden windows are installed. Nevertheless, insulation measures such as filling the gaps in windows by
insulation materials shall bring energy saving and CO 2 emission reductions. It is planned to apply this
measure to 50 houses, area of repaired windows estimated at 170 m 2.With this measure the estimated
saved energy is 14 MWh/year and the estimated reduction of CO 2 is 13.5 tCO2.
28
Renovation of roofs
Ceiling and roofs are accounted generally for 20% of energy loss in buildings. Administration of
“Icherishsher” plans to renovate 3343 m 2.of roofing during SEAP implementation period. Majority of
residential buildings have flat roofs and renovation works include sealing the roof with insulation
materials. It is estimated that this measure will enable to achieve 5 MWh saving per annum on electricity
and respectively 4.48 tCO2.
7.3
7.3.1
Public activities with citizens and stakeholders
Publicawarenessprograms
Administration of “Icherisheher” carries out intensive public campaign to promote renewable energy
sources, energy saving technologies and energy efficiency actions, especially among children and youth
at least four times in a year.
During of the public campaign in reserve area the lecturers, art completions and song contest organized
by the Administration to promote sustainable energy development, 20% emissions reduction commitment
for citizens.
29
7.3.2
Bicycleculturepropagandaactions
30
Last years the Government of Azerbaijan demonstrate a strong will to introduce bicycle riding culture in
Azerbaijan by organization of international competition on bicycle riding, installation of long distances for
bicycle riding in Baku Boulvar and in other most populated areas of Baku and other cities.
The Administration of “Icherisheher” also demonstrates high will for introduction of bicycle riding cultures
in inner city by public campaign with involvement of famous musicians, sportsmen, scientists who prefer
bicycling and organization of youth bicycle riding competition throughout year
31
7.3.3
Publiccampaignandnetworking
The Administration of “Icherisheher” once in a year in International Day of the Earth switch off electricity
for one hour to consume energy and demonstrate solidarity to energy saving ideology widely
propoganded by politicians and leading international community
All public activities are expected to result in 150MWh of saved energy leading to 135 tons of CO2 saving.
32
8
Administrative structure of SEAP Implementation
The Administration of “Icherisheher” demonstrated strong will and allocated necessary resources for
design SEAP and administrative support of further actions to implement and monitoring.The SEAP will be
coordinated by the Administration of “Icherisheher” that will define and assign responsibility of the
execution of actions necessary to fulfill SEAP tasks and coordinate other stakeholders’ activities in this
filed once the SEAP has been approved by the Plenary of the Administration of “Icherisheher”.Violation or
failure to fulfill the goals results into administrative sanctions.
The overall estimated budget is under process until all the measures to be taken are properly estimated
and defined. The financing of the actions is foreseen through Administration local budget, national
programs
of
energy
savings,
other
financing
sources.
The
administrative
structure
for
SEAPimplementation is given below.
33
Administrative structure of SEAP implementation
Organizing structure
Head of the Administration
Housing-Communal and Maintenance
Service
Area
Development
and Property
Management
Department
Transportation
Department
International
Cooperation and
Cultural
Realations
Department
Working Group for SEAP implementation
Scientific
Cultural Center
Scientific
Practical
Restoration
Atelier
FinanceEconomy
Department
34
9
MonitoringandEvaluation
The Administration of “Icherisheher” conducts monthly monitoring of energy consumption. It will
continue the monitoring of energy consumption in the context of SEAP targets. Targets
achievement will be monitored on monthly basis and degree of achievement will be recorded. The
monitoring is planned to be implemented through staff of internal Sustainable Energy Working
Group allocated by Head of the Administration of “Icherisheher” as well as by the feedback obtained
from periodical meeting of the internal and external committees.
It is planned that Internal Sustainable Energy Working Group will be formed for coordinating the
execution of SEAP under supervision of Head of Administration of the “Icherisheher”. This Group
will regularly monitor, evaluate and coordinate energy saving measures implemented under SEAP,
provide communication among different stakeholders groups involve into actions and report results
on quarterly and annual basis to general public and Head of the Administration of “Icherisheher” .
10 Conclusion
SEAP is first of its kind to be implemented in Azerbaijan.The Administration of “Icherisheher” will
pioneer SEAP with targeted savings of 602 tons of CO2 by 2020. It shall take actions to save over
602 tons of CO2 before 2020 which is more than required (20%) reduction amount of 558.8 t. Main
source of reductions will be outdoor lighting where inefficientlight bulbs will be replaced with LED
lamps.
Administartion will pay special attention to public campaigns for raising awareness of citizens about
benefits of energy saving actions. Campaigns will be designed to target both commercial and noncommercial residents of Icherisheher.
Promotion of energy efficient products will be supported by new procurement policy calling for
energy efficient product and services.
SEAP will be implemented in close cooperation with national utility companies as well as with
administration of Executive Power of Baku. The Administration of “Icherishsher” will record and
report the achievement of SEAP.
Table 5 below summarizes the SEAP actions:
35
Energy saving
CO2 Saving
Cost of Measures
(thousandMWh)
(Tons)
(USD)
100
89
5,000
300
271
120,000
100
89
7,000
0.23
0.2
6,800
15
18
819,000
Public Campaigns
150
135
35,000
Total
665.23
602.2
992,800
Name of Action
Promotion of energy
efficient products and
services
LED bulbs for
Outdoor
lighting
Sensors in Buildings
Transport system
improvements
Residential Building
Improvements (roof
and windows)
36
11 ANNEXES
11.1 Scheme of State of technological infrastructure of the Administration of “Icherisheher”
STATE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURES
GAS LINES
WATER LINES
TELEPHONE LINES SEWERAGE SYSTEM
ELECTRICITY NETWORK
37
Annex 2. Energy resources consumed by the Icherisheher in 2011
FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION [MWh]
Category
Electricity
Fossil fuels
Natural gas
Diesel
Gasoline
Total
BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT/FACILITIES AND
INDUSTRIES:
Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities
969,800
600,000
0
0
1569.8
Tertiary (non municipal) buildings, equipment/facilities
638,920
89,900
0
0
729
Residential buildings
435,880
17400,000
0
0
17835.88
Municipal public lighting
473,910
0
0
0
473.91
2518,510
18089,900
0
0
20608,410
Municipal fleet
0
0
0,028
0,707
0,734
Public transport
0
0
0
0
0
Private and commercial transport
0
0
0,138
0,883
1,021
Subtotal transport
0
0
0,166
1,590
1,755
2518,510
18089,900
0,166
1,590
20610,165
Industries (excluding industries involved in the EU
Emission trading scheme - ETS)
Subtotal buildings, equipments/facilities and industries
TRANSPORT:
Total
38
1.1
PublicLightingSolution
SEAP Proposal
Type of
Bulb
Number
Capacity in
Operation hours per year
Watts
@ 13 hr/d
Annual Consumption (kwh)
LED
24
5
4745
569.4
LED
10
6
4745
284.7
LED
13
7
4745
431.795
LED
200
9
4745
8541
LED
27
10
4745
1281.15
LED
129
12
4745
7345.26
LED
430
13
4745
26524.55
LED
192
14
4745
12754.56
LED
51
18
4745
4355.91
LED
11
30
4745
1565.85
LED
22
10
4745
1043.9
LED
14
20
4745
1328.6
LED
35
30
4745
4982.25
LED
4
50
4745
949
LED
1
150
4745
711.75
LED
23
500
4745
54567.5
LED
70
10
4745
3321.5
LED
185
7
4745
6144.775
39
LED
26
10
4745
1233.7
LED
230
14
4745
15278.9
LED
60
15
4745
4270.5
LED
65
20
4745
6168.5
LED
45
30
4745
6405.75
Total
170060.8
40
11.2 Energy action plan of the Administration “Icherisheher”
Expe
KEY
SECTORS
actions/mea
sures
& fields of
action
per field of
action
Responsible
department,
person or
Implementati
company (in
on [start &
case of
end time]
involvement
of 3rd parties)
Estimated
Expected
Expected
costs
energy
renewable
saving
energy
per
per
production
action/mea
measure
per measure
sure
[MWh/a]
[MWh/a]
cted
Energy
CO2
saving
redu
target
ction
per
per
sector
mea
[MWh]
sure
in 2020
[t/a]
Local
renewable
CO2
energy
reduction
production
target
target
per
per sector
sector [t]
[MWh]
in 2020
in 2020
BUILDI
NGS,
EQUIP
MENT /
FACILI
TIES &
INDUST
RIES:
41
Municipal
buildings,
Installation
equipmen
of sensors
t/facilities
in the
Icherisheher
2012-2020
_USD
100
1: ___
89
Municipality
…
5,000___
…
2: ___
…
…
…
…
buildings
…
Tertiary
(non
municipal)
buildings,
equipment
/facilities
Residenti
Action 1:
Municipality
2012-2020
1: USD
al
Renovation
of
300,000
buildings
of windows
Icherisheher/
2: USD
Action 2:
219,000
Renovation
…
15
18
300
271
of roofs
…
Municipal
Replaceme
IcheriSheher
public
nt of all
Municipality
lighting
outdoor
2012-2020
USD
120,000
lighting
bulbs with
42
Lead bulbs
Industries
(excluding
industries
involved in
the EU
Emission
trading
scheme ETS) &
Small and
Medium
Sized
Enterprise
s (SMEs)
Other please
specify:
________
________
________
________
__
________
43
________
________
________
________
________
______
TRANS
PORT:
Municipal
Transport
1:
1:
1:
1: ___
1: ___
1: ___
fleet
system
__________
__________
________
2: ___
2: ___
2: ___
improveme
__
__
____
…
…
…
nts
2:
2:
2:
…
__________
__________
________
__
__
____
…
…
…
Public
transport
Private
and
commerci
al
transport
Other please
specify:
44
________
________
________
________
__
________
________
________
________
________
________
______
LOCAL
ELECT
RICITY
PRODU
CTION:
Hydroelect
Action 1:
1:
1:
1:
1: ___
1: ___
1: ___
ric power
_________
__________
__________
________
2: ___
2: ___
2: ___
___
__
__
____
…
…
…
Action 2:
2:
2:
2:
_________
__________
__________
________
___
__
__
____
…
…
…
…
Wind
45
power
Photovolta
ic
Combined
Heat and
Power
Other please
specify:
________
________
________
________
__
________
________
________
________
________
________
______
LOCAL
DISTRI
CT
HEATIN
46
G/
COOLI
NG,
CHPs:
Combin
Act
1:
1:
1:
1: ___
1: ___
1: ___
ed Heat
ion
__
_____
______
2: ___
2: ___
2: ___
and
1:
__
_____
______
…
…
…
Power
__
__
__
2:
__
__
2:
______
__
__
_____
______
__
__
_____
…
__
2:
__
__
__
…
Act
__
ion
__
2:
__
__
__
__
__
__
…
__
__
__
…
District
heating
47
plant
Other please
specify:
______
______
______
______
______
____
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
LAND
USE
PLANNI
NG:
Strategic
Action 1:
1:
1:
1:
1: ___
1: ___
1: ___
urban
_________
__________
__________
________
2: ___
2: ___
2: ___
48
planning
___
__
__
____
Action 2:
2:
2:
2:
_________
__________
__________
________
___
__
__
____
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Transport
/ mobility
planning
Standards
for
refurbishm
ent and
new
developm
ent
Other please
specify:
________
________
________
________
__
________
________
49
________
________
________
________
______
PUBLIC
PROCU
REMEN
T OF
PRODU
CTS
AND
SERVIC
ES:
Energy
Action 1:
1:
1:
1:
1: ___
1: ___
1: ___
efficiency
_________
__________
__________
________
2: ___
2: ___
2: ___
requireme
___
__
__
____
…
…
…
nts/standa
Action 2:
2:
2:
2:
rds
_________
__________
__________
________
___
__
__
____
…
…
…
…
Renewabl
e energy
requireme
nts/standa
50
rds
Other please
specify:
________
________
________
________
__
________
________
________
________
________
________
______
WORKI
NG
WITH
THE
CITIZE
NS
AND
STAKE
HOLDE
51
RS:
Advisor
Action 1:
1:
1:
1:
1: ___
1: ___
1: ___
y
____________
__________
________
__________
2: ___
2: ___
2: ___
service
Action 2:
__
____
__
…
…
…
s
____________
2:
2:
2:
…
__________
________
__________
__
____
__
…
…
…
Financi
al
support
and
grants
Aware
Public
ness
awareness
raising
program to
and
promote
local
renewable
networ
energy
king
sources,
USD 35000
150
135
energy saving
technologies
and energy
efficiency
actions;
52
Trainin
Promotion of
g and
energy
educati
efficient
on
products and
USD 5,000
100
89
services
Series
included in
of
awareness
informa
raising
tive
activites
0.2
campai
gns for
promoti
on of
usage
of
bicycle
in Old
City
OTHER
SECTO
R(S) Please
specify:
53
______
______
______
___
Other -
Action 1:
1:
1:
1:
1: ___
1: ___
1: ___
Please
_________
__________
__________
________
2: ___
2: ___
2: ___
specify:
___
__
__
____
…
…
…
________
Action 2:
2:
2:
2:
________
_________
__________
__________
________
________
___
__
__
____
________
…
…
…
…
__
________
________
________
________
________
________
______
TOTAL:
602.2
54