Woodrow Wilson
1.http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgibin/page.cgi/jb/reform/wilson_1
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BER+@band(cph+3a19343))+@field(C
OLLID+cph))
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BER+@band(cph+3g08371))+@field(C
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3. http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgibin/page.cgi/jb/reform/wilson_3
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#1
Western Expansion & Reform (1829-1859)
Woodrow Wilson in 1912, just
before assuming the presidency
Thomas Woodrow Wilson Was Born
December 28, 1856
"He is one of the great presidents of American
history," said Rabbi Stephen A. Wise of Woodrow
Wilson. Born on December 28, 1856, in Staunton,
Virginia, Thomas Woodrow Wilson started his
career as a university professor. He went on to
serve as president of Princeton University and then
as governor of New Jersey in 1910. Two years
later, he ran for president on the Democratic ticket
and won. Wilson became the 28th president of the
United States, serving two consecutive terms in the
White House, from 1913 to 1921. During his time in
office, Wilson faced many challenges at home and
abroad, and face them he did.
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Western Expansion & Reform (1829-1859)
Thomas Woodrow Wilson Was Born
Official program of the Woman Suffrage Parade that tried to overshadow Wilson's inauguration in
1913
CREDIT: "Official Program, Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington, D.C. March 3, 1913." 1913. By Popular Demand: "Votes for
Women" Suffrage Pictures, 1850-1920, American Memory collections, Library of Congress.
#3
Woodrow Wilson's speech notes, in shorthand, for his "Fourteen Points" address, [8
January 1918].
(Woodrow Wilson Papers)
President Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) frequently used shorthand to record his first
thoughts on topics. Here in 1918 he outlined his famous Fourteen Points, the terms which
he believed should be used as the basis for the peace treaty settling the First World War,
which the United States had entered in April 1917 on the side of the Allies--Great Britain,
France, Italy, and Russia.
Wilson had several aims and audiences in mind when composing his Fourteen Points
address, delivered to Congress on 8 January 1918. One goal was to give the American
people a clear set of war aims, which both appealed to their idealism and expressed his
view that the country had entered the conflict as "a war for freedom and justice and selfgovernment." Wilson's second audience was comprised of the peoples of the Central
Powers--the enemy. While America had been in the war less than a year, by 1918 Europe
was into the fourth year of what can only be described as a catastrophe. The war had
produced military casualties on a scale that had been hitherto unimaginable. By 1918 a
significant share of Europe's young men was dead or wounded, and the civilian
populations were beginning to experience serious malnutrition, economic privation, and
war weariness. Further, the Central Powers were dominated by three multinational
empires (German Hohenzollern empire, Austro-Hungarian Hapsburg empire, and
Ottoman Turkish empire), and as the war dragged on, many of these empires' subordinate
nationalities grew increasingly restive and yearned for independence.
With these factors in mind, Wilson sought to break the will of the Central Powers by
promising a just peace and an end to the human slaughter and privations of war. He also
exacerbated the growing ethnic unrest of the multinational empires by promising national
independence and self-determination for all peoples involved in the conflict. The latter
promise of national independence for the peoples of Central Europe helped to mobilize
support for the American war effort among immigrant groups in America.
Also contained in Wilson's fourteen points was a response to an initiative by the new
Bolshevik regime, which had withdrawn Russia from the Allied war effort and sought
peace with the Central Powers. To discredit continued participation in the war, the
Bolsheviks had made public various secret agreements between the former Tsarist
government and several Allied nations, which suggested that the Allies were chiefly
concerned with imperial gain. Wilson's first point promised that peace would not be
driven by secret deals.
The Fourteen Points were:
1. Open agreements openly arrived at.
2. Freedom of the seas.
3. The removal of economic barriers and equality of trade conditions among nations.
4. Reduction of national armaments.
5. A readjustment of colonial claims in which the interests of the colonial populations
must be given equal weight with the claims of the governing power.
6. The evacuation of Russian territory by non-Russian forces and Russia left to determine
its own political destiny.
7. Removal of foreign forces from Belgium and restoration of its national independence.
8. Removal of foreign forces from France and the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France.
9. Readjustment of the frontiers of Italy along national lines.
10. Self-determination for the peoples of the Austro-Hungarian empire.
11. A redrawing of the boundaries of the Balkan states along historically established lines
of nationality.
12. Self-determination of the peoples under rule of the Turkish empire and freedom of
navigation of the Dardanells under international guarantees.
13. National independence for Poland and its free access to the sea guaranteed by
international treaty.
14. Formation of a league of nations for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of
political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
John E. Haynes, Manuscript Division
Reproduction Number:
A85 (color slide; pages 1-3); LC-MSS-46029-14 (B&W negative; pages 6-8 on one
negative)
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mcc:@field(DOCID%2B@lit(mcc/057))
NEW SEARCH HELP
#4
TITLE: For the freedom of the world
CALL NUMBER: PRES FILE - Wilson, Woodrow--Speaking [item] [P&P]
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZC4-10297 (color film copy transparency)
LC-USZ62-17146 (b&w film copy neg.)
No known restrictions on publication. No renewal in Copyright office.
SUMMARY: President Woodrow Wilson asking Congress to declare war on Germany,
April 2, 1917.
MEDIUM: 1 photomechanical print : halftone, color.
CREATED/PUBLISHED: [1917], c1918 December 21.
NOTES:
K128218 U.S. Copyright Office.
War message, Apr. 2, 1917.
SUBJECTS:
Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924.
World War, 1914-1918--Communications--Washington (D.C.)
Declarations of war--American--1910-1920.
Flags--American--1910-1920.
Presidents & the Congress--1910-1920.
FORMAT:
Halftone photomechanical prints Color 1910-1920.
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,
D.C. 20540 USA
DIGITAL ID: (color film copy transparency) cph 3g10297
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g10297
(b&w film copy neg.) cph 3a19343 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a19343
CARD #: 2002716887
NEW SEARCH HELP ABOUT COLLECTION
#5
TITLE: Wilson, Taft, Roosevelt and other national leaders indorse [sic] Y.M.C.A.
work [...] / J. F. Butler ; Globe Lithographing Company, New York.
CALL NUMBER: POS - WWI - US, no. 355 (C size) [P&P]
REPRODUCTION NUMBER: LC-USZC4-8371 (color film copy transparency)
No known restrictions on reproduction.
SUMMARY: Poster showing soldiers entering a Y.M.C.A. canteen, and a portrait of
President Wilson. Lengthy text endorsing Y.M.C.A. includes quotes from Wilson, Taft,
Roosevelt, Secretary of War Baker, Secretary of Navy Daniels, and General Pershing.
MEDIUM: 1 print (poster) : lithograph, color ; 96 x 60 cm.
CREATED/PUBLISHED: [1917]
NOTES:
National War Work Council of the Young Men's Christian Associations of the United
States.
Forms part of: Willard and Dorothy Straight Collection.
SUBJECTS:
Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924
National War Work Council, Y.M.C.A. of the United States.
World War, 1914-1918--Economic & industrial aspects--United States.
Canteens (Wartime, emergency, etc.)--1910-1920.
War work--1910-1920.
FORMAT:
War posters American 1910-1920.
Lithographs Color 1910-1920.
REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington,
D.C. 20540 USA
DIGITAL ID: (color film copy transparency) cph 3g08371
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g08371
CARD #: 2001699928
List of Sources Used in this Activity
Workshop 3 Life in a Box: Woodrow Wilson
Butler, J. F. (1917). Wilson, Taft, Roosevelt and other national leaders indorse
[sic] Y.M.C.A. work [...] / J. F. Butler ; Globe Lithographing Company, New
York. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, World War I
Posters. cph 3g08371.
(1918). For the freedom of the world. Library of Congress Prints and
Photographs Division, Miscellaneous Items in High Demand. cph
3g10297.
(1913). Official program of the Woman Suffrage Parade. America's Story from
America's Library, Jump Back in Time, Western Expansiona and Reform
(1829-1859). wilson_2.
Pach. (1912). Woodrow Wilson in 1912, just before assuming the presidency.
America's Story from America's Library, Jump Back in Time, Western
Expansiona and Reform (1829-1859). wilson_1.
Wilson, W. (1918). Wilson's shorthand notes for the "Fourteen Points" speech.
America's Story from America's Library, Jump Back in Time, Western
Expansiona and Reform (1829-1859). wilson_3.