CHAIRPERSON’S ADDRESS
The agenda of this committee, the RAW VS ISI is the discussion of the Kashmir
Conflict. This will basically a competition between the world’s best agency and
the world’s most secretive agency, the RAW. The ISI will aim to remove the
threat of the RAW using varying methodologies and eventually incorporate
Kashmir into Pakistan, which is our rightful claim. Now, this is where the
diplomacy and negotiation skills do come into practice, where you all have to
try to succeed in obtaining the territory of Kashmir and settle a long standing
bone of contention between the states. Since its such an important as well as
sensitive issue with a long standing behind it, you all need to collect a fair
amount of background information on all issues pertaining to the agenda at
hand. This committee will basically be a Joint Crisis Committee, where each
and every development occurring in both of the houses will be acting as an
update at both the places.
As the chairperson, it is my expectation that all the delegate come up with a
fruitful and constructive debate, but with proper understanding of their
portfolio policy, and also properly realise the consequence of their statements
and understanding behind it. It is understandable that on such an issue, the
debate will be heated, but all the delegates must refrain from speaking
something undesirable in the committee and strictly be maintaining their
Diplomatic Courtesy.
Looking forward to have a great committee experience. Happy researching!
Aditya kumar
Chairperson,ISI
ISI-An Introduction
One of the best and well-organised intelligence agencies in the world,the ISI
came into existence in 1948.Its main purpose was to safeguard Pakistan from
internal as well as external threats and to maintain order in the country.It has
to also reinforce the power base of Pakistan in the region.
It was given the number 1 rank in the world of spy agencies. As of records, no
ISI agent has been caught red handed, till now, not a single agent broken and
no double agent found.
With the Headquarter situated in Islamabad, it is headed by a Director General,
who is an army officer. There are three deputy director generals, DDGs
,DDG(Political),DDG(External)and DDG(General).being organised into six to
eight divisions, it is currently having General Rizwan Akhtar, as its DG.
ISI-Organization
The core structure of the ISI comprises of The Director General, The Deputy
Director generals, Divisional and Technical Directors.
It is organized between six to eight divisions, as such:
1. Joint Intelligence Bureau(JIB)
Function: To monitor political intelligence
2. Joint Counter Intelligence Bureau(JCIB)
Functions: Mainly responsible for overseas operaions but also sees after the
survellience of Pakistani Diplomats.
3. Joint Intelligence North (JIN)
Functions: Responsible for operations related to Jammu and Kashmir
4. Joint Intelligence X (JIX)
Functions: Secretariat coordinating and providing administrative support to
other ISI wings
5. Joint Intelligence Miscellaneous (JIM)
Functions: Conducing Espionage in foreign countries.
6. Joint Intelligence Technical (JIT)
Functions: Not much official available about the division, although there are a
lot of speculations about it.
7. Joint Signal Intelligence Bureau(JSIB)
Functions:A lot of functions related to activities in Kashmir.Very crucial in the
Kashmir issue regard.
8. SS Directorate
Functions: Monitoring terrorist activities against Pakistan
ISI-ORGANISATIONAL HISTORY
The ISI has played a very vital role in Pakistan’s military activities and has been
an active player in the country’s politics.The top body co-ordinating the
intelligence functions of its army,air force and navy,it was founded in the year
1948.
The organisation, besides having been active against the claims and efforts
made by India on the Kashmir issue, has been very prominent in internal
politics of the country, including the activities like spying on political parties,
etc. Prior to the imposition of the Martial Law in 1958, the ISI reported to the
Commander-in-Chief (CIC) of the army. In 1958, when the Martial Law was
promulgated, all the intelligence agencies fell under the direct control of the
President and the Chief Martial Law Administrator.
Along with the Pakistan military, the ISI was thoroughly marginalised and
discredited after the 1965 war. When Zulfikar Ali Bhutto launched a
Clandestine project to build nuclear weapons. The nuclear program was ended
in 1977 when Bhutto was ousted by Gen Zia-ul-Haq. During the same time, the
military operations against the nationalist militants in Balochistan province
were also ended.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 transformed the regional setting. All
foreign assistance to mujahideen rebels at the time arrived via Pakistan, to be
handled by the ISI whose Afghan Bureau co-ordinated operational activities
with the seven guerrilla militias.
Foreign money helped to establish helped to establish hundreds of madrassas
in Pakistan’s cities and frontier areas. These turned out thousands of Taliban
(students) who joined the mujahideen in anti-soviet Campaigns. The ISI
managed this operation, handling tens of thousands of tons of ordinance every
year, and coordinating the action of several hundred thousand great fighters in
great secrecy. Despite denials from Islamabad, it is believed that there is plenty
of evidence that in 1988, without directly involving Pakistan in a conflict, the ISI
moved Islamic militants from Afghanistan to Indian-administered Kashmir to
start insurgency there.
India has repeatedly accused Pakistan, and especially, the ISI, of involvement in
Kashmir attacks, elsewhere in India-including the 2008 (26/11)Mumbai attacks.
TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN
In cross border firings and border violations that are reported on the Indo-Pak
border, confirmed reports state that the concentration of Indian troops to
counter fighting in one sector result in the weakening of the adjacent sector
through which the Mujahideen groups even today infilterate into Kashmir. A
member of the far-left labour party has stated that there are five Islamist
training camps in Azad Kashmir and that they take in about 180 18-22 year old
men for six month fighting courses for Islam, including preparation to become
suicide bombers. He confirms that Pakistan’s secret services help the camp and
some of the preachers are from the military. In 2011, several confirmed
reports had concluded that despite the Pakistani denial, elements within the
Pakistani military harboured Osama Bin Laden with the knowledge of the Army
chief Musharraf. The Pakistani army, through the ISI, has been accused of
recruiting Mujahideens for the Afghan Taliban from the Pashtun Afghan
refugees living in Pakistan along the Afghan Pakistan border.
The normally reticent UN has also publically increased pressure on Pakistan on
its inability to control the Afghanistan border and not restricting the activities
of Taliban leaders who have been declared by the UN as terrorists. No single
party has worked actively towards the eradication of fundamentalist groups
like LeT and JuD. The Pakistani leadership in 2012,sat down to sort out the
issue at the All Parties Conference (APC),stating that negotiation with the
militants should be pursued as their first option to counter terrorism. But all
these efforts have been hardly of any use as the terrorist groups have
continued their attacks.
PROMINENT TERRORIST GROUPS
The insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir today is a shadow of the
uprising of the mid-1990s when firings and shootings were far more
commonplace. Owing to the discontent with the Indian rule, the Kashmir
uprising started in the 80’s.
Some of the major terrorist groups,most of them which are allegedly funded
by the ISI are:1. Lashkar-e-Taiba(LeT)
2. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen
3. Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
4. The Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front(JKLF)
5. Jaish-e-Mohammad
6. Tahrik-e-Taliban Pakistan
The role of all these outfits needs to be analysed carefully and all actions so far
should be taken into account in order to try coming towards a solution to the
conflict and the problems associated with it.
THE ALL PARTIES HURRIYAT CONFERENCE
An alliance of 26 political, social and religious organisations, the All Party
Hurriyat Conference(APHC), was founded on March 9,1993 as a political front
to further the cause of Kashmir separation. The amalgam has been consistently
promoted by Pakistan in the latter’s quest to establish legitimacy over its claim
on the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir.
The origins of the Hurriyat are traced to the 1993 phase of the Kashmir
insurgency. The initial euphoria of Armed struggle against Indian security
forces which surrounded terrorist violence during the late Eighties,and early
Nineties had subsided in the form of counter-insurgency operations launched
by Indian Security Forces. The JKLF with its pro-independence ideology had
been marginalised as a terrorist outfit and replaced by a network of extremist
islamist outfits sponsored and controlled by the ISI.
The outfit’s main role has been to project a negative image of counterinsurgency operations in the State, and mobilise public opinion against the
forces. The alliance has consistently followed up allegations of security force
excuses, and in several documented cases, distorted facts to suit its
propaganda goals.
Despite trumpeting its self-professed status as the “sole and genuine
representative” of the people in the state, the outfit has steadfastly refused to
participate in any democratic process to prove this claim.
The party, now under, Syed Ali Shah Gilani, has regularly held anti-India
confrences and has invited prominent personalities like Arundhati Roy, with its
main aim being to spread the ant- India sentiment among the Kashmir
youth.SAS Gilani has publicly favoured the accession of the State with Pakistan
and termed the Kashmir crisis as a religious issue, rather than a political one.
LINKS WITH TERROR GROUPS
ISI
 An investigation by a Christian Science Monitor Reporter in 2002
claimed to have unearthed evidence that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates
were proposing in Pakistan-administered Kashmir with tacit
approval of ISI.
 In 2002,a team comprising of Special Air Service and Delta Force
personnel was sent into Indian administered Kashmir to hunt for
Osama Bin Laden after reports that he was being sheltered by the
Kashmir militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.US officials believed
that Al-Qaeda was helping organise a campaign of terror in Kashmir
to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan. Their strategy was to
force Pakistan to move its troops to its border with India, thereby
relieving pressure on Al-Qaeda elements hiding in north western
Pakistan.
 Reportedly, about Rs.24 million are paid out per month by the ISI to
fund its activities in Jammu and Kashmir.
 Operation Gibraltar (1965): ISI agents dressed as locals entered into
Kashmir to incite local Muslims but they weren’t successful as was
not well-coordinated and disorganised.
 In the Afghan war in 1979,all foreign assistance to Mujahideen rebels
at that time arrived via Pakistan, were handled by the ISI whose
Afghan bureau co-ordinated the activities. This was done in such
secrecy that the Pakistani military itself was kept in the dark. Foreign
money helped to establish hundreds of madrassas in Pakistan’s cities
and frontier areas.
Operation Tupac: ISI created deadly terrorist organisations like
Lashkar-e-Taiba,Jaish-e-Mohemmad and Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.
 ISI is facing allegations of double standards over its role in the fight
against the Al-Qaeda and Taliban.US military’s top officer,Admiral
Mike Mullen, also accused the ISI of having links with the Taliban. In
2010, the ISI was accused of giving funding, training and sanctuary to
the Afghan Taliban on a scale much larger than previously thought.
 The paper established by London School of Economics said that
Taliban field commanders suggested that ISI intelligence agents even
attended the Taliban supreme council meetings-and that support for
the militants was “official ISI policy”.
 Many observers find it hard to believe that the organisation had no
idea that Osama Bin Laden had been living under the nose of the
Pakistani military until his death. As to special US forces raid that
killed the AL-Qaeda leader, questions about what the ISI knew and
when it knew it. In documents leaked in April 2011 on the WIkileakes
website, US authorities described the ISI as a “terrorist” organization
on a par with Al-Qaeda and Taliban.
Western Intelligence Officials believe that the ISI has close relations
with the Afghan Taiban and the Haqqani network.
 In 2009,the president of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari asserted at a
conference in Islamabad that Pakistan had indeed created Islamic
miltant groups as a strategic tool for use in its geostrategic agenda
and “to attack Indian forces in Jammu and Kashmir”.
 The British Government has formally accepted that there is a clear
connection between Pakistan’s ISI and three major militant outfits
operating in the J&K,Lashkar-e-Taiba,Jaish-e-Mohammad and Harkatul-Mujahideen.
Throughout the 1990s,the ISI maintained its relationship with
extremist networks and militants that it had during Afghan war to
utilise in its campaign against Indian forces in Kashmir.JIN has been
accused of conducting operations in Jammu and Kashmir as well as
Afghanistan. The JSIB provides communication support to the groups
in Kashmir.
 According to Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon,both former
members of the National Security Council,the ISI acted as a kind of
“terrorist conveyer belt” radicalising young men in Madrassas and
delivering them to training camps affiliated with or run by Al-Qaeda
and from there on,transferring them to the territory of Kashmir.
In,the FBI revealed about the ISI that it paid millions of dollars into a
United States-based non-governmental organisation to influence
politicians and opinion-makers on the Kashmir issue and arrested
Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai. Fai was the executive director of the Kashmiri
American Council(KAC),an organisation based in Washington D.C.,at
the time of his arrest.The KAC was formed by some members of the
Kashmiri diaspora,and revealed,in July 2011,as per an FBI
investigation to be an illegal front of the ISI.
Fai started the KAC with ISI funding,in 1990 around the time armed
insurgency supported by Pakistan started in Jammu & Kashmir.
According to FBI kasmiri American Council, a non-profit organisation
would arrange seminars, conferences and lectures on Kashmir.
Officially KAC denies getting any foreign grants. Prosecuters allege Fai
was paid between $500,000 to $700,000 per year by the Government
of Pakistan.
 KAC is best-known for holding a so-called a “Kashmir Peace
Conference” in Washington D.C., which was presented as an
“independent forum” for Indian and Pakistani voices. However,
Justice Department officials alleged that the Pakistani government
approved the list of speakers and gave Fai talking points to highlight,
with some 80% of his talking points and speeches being provided by
the ISI. According to the FBI affidavit, a confidential witness told FBI
investigators “ISI created the KAC to propagandize on behalf of the
Pakistani govt. with the role of uniting Kashmir.
ISI had supported the Khalistan movement as well, providing it with
sufficient amount of funds.
ISI backed Harkat-ul-Mujahideen to hijack IC-814.
 It has been involved in election rigging and threatening politicins to
be charged with corruption if they didn’t comply with the ISI>
ISI intervention in India along Historical and Generated Fault lines:Historical fault lines-Kashmir,Nagaland,Mizoram,Tripura,Religious
and Ethnolinguistic problems.
Generated fault lines-Punjab,Assam,Agrarian Unrest(Naxal) etc.
 The Pakistani government has continuously dismissed all the
allegations against the ISI as “negative propaganda” by the US and its
allies.It also dismissed suggestions that the ISI subverts elected
governments,and is involved in drug smuggling.
THE BONE OF CONTENTION:TIMELINE OF
THE KASHMIR CONFLICT
1947-62:
Signing of Instrument of Accession
The Instrument of Accession, signed by Maharaja Hari Singh, was
accepted by the then Governer General, Lord Mountbatten, on the
behalf of Govt. of India. He had stated that the Indian Army would be
intervening for restoration of peace in the territory, but once the
conflict is resolved, to respect the “will” of the inhabitants, a
referendum will be held.
The resulting accession was to be purely provisional and temporary
until the will of the people could be ascertained through a
referendum.The Indian Govt. consistently upheld the temporary
nature of this accession and its commitment to refer the issue tothe
people of Kashmir.In their White Paper of 1948,the Government
stated that “we regard this accession temporary and provisional until
the time the will of the people is ascertained”. The white paper also
contains a report of the broadcast by Prime Minister Nehru in which
he said that India is ready for a “referendum international auspices
like the UN” and will accept the result of the referendum.
When article 370,dealing with Kashmir’s relationship with Union of
India, came up for enactment in the Indian constitution, it was made
clear in the Indian constituent assembly that Article 370 is only a
temporary provision to ensure that the referendum takes place
properly.
The Security Council,in a resolution passed in 1961,affirmed that the
convening of the Constituent Assembly and any action that the
assembly might take to determine the future shape and affiliation of
the entire state of the entire state or any part thereof,would not be
in accordance with principles already agreed upon-namely,that the
will of the people was to be expressed through the democratic
method of a free and partial plebiscite conducted under the auspices
of the UN.
In August 1953, a joint communiqué was issued by Prime Ministers of
the nations,stating that the question of Kashmir be settled in
accordance with the wishes of the people by a fair plebiscite.
Altough Mr. Nehru had previously accepted mediation under the
United Nations auspices as the only way out,he later abandoned this
stand and later expressed that Kashmir was a democratic matter in
which no mediation was acceptable.
 1948 INDO-PAK WAR
The conflict began when the Lashkar tribals endeavoured to oust
Maharaja Hari Singh from theKashmiri throne,primarily because he
was a Hindu ruler of a province with a Muslim population of
87.5%.With the support of Pakistan,therse insurgents were able to
create inter-turmoil in Kashmir.Hari Singh then signed the
“Instrument of Accession” under which he vested all the powers with
the Indian Government.
The Pakistani army was called into action to defend Pakistan’s
borders in May 1948,following India’s move into Kashmir under Hari
Singh’s request.The war officially ended in January 1949,with a UN
declared ceasefire agreement.Prior to this Agreement,the UN had
also adopted resolutions 39 and 47 regarding the Kashmir issue.
According to this ceasefire agreement,a United Nations Military
Observer Group in India and Pakistan(UNMOGIP),was sent to
Kashmir.Most importantly,a ceasefire line was established by this
agreement.Pakistan thus gained control of roughly one third of the
state and this part is referred to as the “Azad Kashmir”.
*DELHI AGREEMENT-On 24th July,1952,the Delhi Agreement was
signed between Sheikh Abdullah and Jawahar Lal Nehru, which gave
the state of Jammu and Kashmir a number of privileges as far as land,
judiciary and emergency powers of the president were concerned.
1962-71:
THE SINO-INDIAN WAR, 1962
Sino Indian relations during that time soured, when the PRC moved
in to occupy Tibet and exile his Holiness, Dalai Lama. The Chinese,
however, didn’t stop at Tibet. They moved on to occupy a significant
portion of North-Eastern Kashmir, a land which is now known as the
“Askai Chin”.
There were occasions when both the parties disagreed on the status
of Askai Chin .Being a part of the Kashmir, Nehru claimed that the
territory was a part of the Indian Union, whereas, Zhou Enlai
remained indifferent to the Indian statement and continued to
exercise Chinese Administration in the region.
The rapidly deteriorating situation and misunderstanding on the issue
of Tibet as well as Dalai Lama ultimately led to a war breaking out in
June 1962,which lasted for about a month.It resulted in China
retaining its control over the region of Askai Chin with a humiliating
defeat to India.This war also led to the establishment of the “Line of
Actual Control”.
This war asserted the Kashmir issue to be a trilateral and not a
bilateral one.
TRANS-KARAKORAM PACT:It was a 1963 document between Pakistan
and China establishing border between the countries.
*1965 INDO-PAK WAR
The Pakistani Army then infilterated Jammu and Kashmir by dressing
up as Kashmiri locals, as a part of Operation Gibraltar,which began
the war.The Pakistani Army in fuelling insurgency against the Indian
rule,to which the Indian army retaliated by waging a full scale war
against Pakistan.
The war lasted for seventeen days and cae to an end with both the
countries signing the Tashkent decleration, after the intervention of
USA and USSR.
1971 LIBERATION WAR
In spite of East Pakistan’s larger population, it hardly enjoyed any
economic or political power.
In 1970, the Awami League under Sheikh Mujibur Rehman won 160
out of 162 seats in the East Pakistan, but the military rulers of
Pakistan plotted against the Awami League so that it didn’t come to
power. West Pakistan carried out the Operation Searchlight to curb
the Bengali Nationalist Movement and taking control over major
cities and then eliminating all opposition of any sort, which was seen
as the sequel to Operation Blitz launched in 1970.
Following this, the Pakistani army began their offensive acts against
their own civilians. The war began between the West Pakistani forces
and the Bengali freedom fighters called Mukti Bahinis ,trained in
guerrilla warfare.
When India started giving shelters to the freedom fighters and
helping them financially and militarily, Pakistan launched Operation
Genghis Khan by carrying out airstrikes at 11 Indian airbases.
India entered directly into the war,and Dhaka fell to the combined
Indian forces and Mukti Bahinis, which led to a quick end of the war.
It was one of the shortest wars in the history and led to Pakistan
signing the Instrument of Surrender’, officially giving independence
to East Pakistan and forming the nation of Bangladesh.
The dispute and hostilities between the two nations of 1971 were
settled by signing the truce between two respective heads of state,
called the Shimla Agreement of 1972.This agreement also states that
all differences between two nations will be settled by bilateral
negotiations.
1987-2015
In 1987, the National Conference signing an unexpected pact with the
Congress and the Indian government’s actions to allegedly rig the
elections rendered them hopeless and disillusioned the Kashmiri
youth. This rigging gave birth to the advent of militancy and armed
insurgency against the “Occupying” Indian troops. This incident has
led to widespread insurgency in the state of Kashmir.
This increase in militancy led to the exodus of the Kashmiri pandits.
THE KARGIL WAR
In February 1999, the Pakistani troops crossed the Line of Control and
started occupying the nearby Indian military outposts, slowly moving
further and further into India. Indian troops reached, began
reoccupying the military outposts and driving the Pakistani army back
towards the Line of Control. Eventually, the Pakistani troops were
eventually evicted from India and sent back across the Line of
Control.
2014 JAMMU AND KASHMIR ELECTIONS
In the 2014 Assembly polls, despite repeated boycott calls by the
separatist Hurriyat leaders , the elections recorded the highest voter
turnout in the last 25 years ,more than 65%which was even higher
the voting percentages in other parts of India.
ARTICLE 370
The article 370 was initially set up in temporary provisions of the
constitution, but was later adopted as an indefinite measure.
In essence, it prevents the Union Government’s superiority over the
State Legislature. Any bill passed by the Indian Parliament must be
ratified by the Jammu-Kashmir legislature before coming into force as
a law in the State. Furthermore, it allows for dual citizenship for all
Kashmiris, except those women who have married a man of another
state. President’s rule cannot be imposed on the state under Article
370,without approval of the Governor, who is appointed by the
President on the recommendation of the legislative assembly. There
are certain other provisions like this too. Thus, Article 370 in itself is a
very important and central feature of the start of Jammu and
Kashmir.
On October 11,2015, the Jammu and Kashmir High Court ruled that
that Article 370 is a permanent provision of the Indian Constitution
and cannot be repealed.
ARMED FORCES SPECIAL POWERS
ACT(AFSPA)
This act was passed in 1958:
“Any commissioned officer, warrant office, non commissioned officer
or any other person of equal rank in the armed forces, in a disturbed
area:
If he is of the opinion that it is necessary so to do for the maintenance
of public order ,after giving such warning as he may consider
necessary ,fire upon or otherwise use force; even to the causing of
death, against any person who is acting in the contravention of any
law or order for the time being in force in the disturbed area
prohibiting the assembly of five or more persons or the carrying of
weapons or of things capable of being used as weapons or of firearms, ammunition or of explosive substances;”
Such provisions make it a draconian law. The misuse of AFSPA has led
to a concept of Half-widows in the state. Not only this, it violates a
number of constitutional and international laws and has been
criticised even by the UN.
INDIAN STAND ON KASHMIR
Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession under which
he acceded the territory of Jammu and Kashmir to India.
India has officially stated that it believes that Kashmir is an integral
part of India, though the then Prime Minister of India, Manmohan
Singh, stated after the 2010 Kashmir unrest that his govt. was willing
to grant the region autonomy within the purview of the Indian
Constitution if there was consensus on this issue.
 The Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir had unanimously
ratified the Maharaja’s Instrument of Accession and adopted the
constitution for the state that called for a perpetual merger of Jammu
and Kashmir with the Union of India.
 UNSC resolution 1172 tacitly accepts India’s stand regarding all
outstanding issues between India and Pakistan and urges the need to
resolve the dispute through moral dialogue without the need for a
plebiscite in the framework of the UN charter.
UNSC reso 47 cannot be implemented since Pakistan failed to
withdraw its forces from Kashmir, which was the first step in
implementing the resolution. India is also of the view that the
resolution 47 is obsolete, since the geography and demographics of
the region have permanently altered since its inception.
All differences between India and Pakistan, including Kashmir, need
to be settled through bilateral negotiations as agreed by the two
countries under the Shimla Agreement of 1972.
Insurgency and terrorism in Kashmir is deliberately fuelled by
Pakistan to create instability in the region.
India points out reports by human rights organisations condemning
Pakistan for the lack of civil liberties in Pakistan-administered
Kashmir.
PAKISTANI STAND ON KASHMIR
Pakistan holds thatThe popular Kashmiri insurgency demonstrates that the Kashmiri
people no longer wish to remain within India.
According to the two-nation theory, one of the theories that is cited
for the partition that created India and Pakistan, Kashmir should have
been with Pakistan as it has a Muslim majority.
India has shown disregards for UNSC resolutions and United Nations
Commission in India and Pakistan by failing to hold a plebiscite to
determine the future allegiance of the state.
Pakistan was of the view that the Maharaja of Kashmir had no right
to call in the Indian Army, because it held that the maharaja was not
a hereditary ruler and was merely a British appointee.
Certain Pakistani authorities have come out with reports stating that
more people in the Kashmir valley have been killed by the Indian
Army than the militants. All this has been due to the Misuse of
AFSPA.
Pakistan has noted the widespread use of extrajudicial killings in
Indian administered Kashmir carried out by the Indian security forces
while they were caught up in encounters with militants.
Human Rights organisations have strongly condemned the Indian
troops for widespread rape and murder of innocent civilians while
claiming them to be militants.
CONCLUSION
Delegates are expected to be thorough with their
research and realise that this study guide merely gives
you an overview of the conflict and you need to do
research extensively in order to completely be aware
of the problem at hand. However, the delegates are
expected to give more emphasis on their strategies
and communiqués, rather than the historic events.
The delegates are now expected to:-
Research on their own portfolios to understand their
stance in the committee, and their relationship with
other delegates.
sDevelop a strategy in order to lobby with other
delegates and help in the smooth functioning of the
committee.
Delegates, the Executive Board is eagerly waiting for
the committee to convene, and is expecting the same
enthusiasm from you.
Thank You
Yours Chairperson,
Aditya Kumar
To clarify any doubts regarding the committee, feel
free to communicate the EB members, but preferably
via E-mail. The contact details are as follows:Aditya Kumar, Chairperson
Email: [email protected]
Ayush Dhall, Co-Chairperson
Shreyansh Loharuka, Vice-Chair.