Points
Name ________________________________
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CHAPTER 12 Manifest Destiny – Pages 358, 366, 372 & 378
joint occupation
prairie schooners
empresario
Californios
vigilante
boomtown
rendezvous
emigrants
Tejanos
rancho
annex
forty-niners
Manifest Destiny
mountain men
ranchero
decree
ceded
In the early 1800s, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams worked out an agreement with
Britain. In this agreement, the United States and Great Britain could have
(1) _______________ of the Oregon Country. The first non-Native Americans to come to this
area were fur traders, known as
(2) _______________. Every year, these traders met for a (3) _______________ with the
trading companies.
Soon, settlers called (4) _______________ began migrating to Oregon in their canvascovered wagons called (5) _______________. As more people settled throughout the United
States, they thought it was their right to extend the country's boundaries all the way to the
Pacific Ocean.
They believed in (6) _______________.
Around the same time, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France.
Americans felt that the land in present-day Texas was part of that purchase. Most residents of
Texas, however, were
(7) _______________, or Mexicans who claimed the land as their home. Because the Spanish
wanted
to promote growth, they used a(n) (8) _______________to recruit settlers to move to Texas. By
1830, Americans in Texas outnumbered Mexicans. The Mexican government was alarmed at
the American
influence and issued a(n) (9) _______________ to stop all immigration from the United States
into Texas. After the battle for Texas independence, the settlers elected Sam Houston as their
president.
Houston requested that the United States (10) _______________, or take control of, Texas.
Andrew Jackson refused Houston's request, and Texas remained an independent country.
In 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain, California became a state. A Mexican
settler,
called a(n) (11) _______________, would buy an available tract of land and set up a large
ranch called
a(n) (12) _______________. Native Americans, who worked the land in return for food and
shelter,
were treated almost like enslaved people by the ranch owner, known as a(n)
(13) _______________.
The U.S. government wanted to protect its borders and own all connecting land. It offered to
purchase California and New Mexico from Mexico. The leaders of Mexico refused. The United
States felt that it had no choice but to invade. The battle was long and hard fought. By midSeptember 1847, the American forces had won. In what was called the Mexican Cession,
Mexico finally
(14) _______________ California and New Mexico to the United States.
When gold was discovered in California in 1848, people from all over the world traveled to the
region in search of riches. People who arrived in 1849 were known as
(15) _______________. As more and more people arrived, they built and lived in a community
called a(n) (16) _______________. These communities were built almost overnight. To protect
themselves, citizens formed a(n)
(17) _______________ group because there were no police.