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ENCODING STYLE GUIDE OF THE DDGLC-PROJECT
GREEK NOUNS
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Part of speech
o nn = noun
Gender
o m = masc.
o f = fem.
o genG = gender lac.
o gen0 = gender indeterminable
Number
o sg = sg.
o pl = pl.
o plm = morphological pl.
o numG = number lac.
o num0 = number indeterminable 1
Determinator
o dt0 = no determinator
o dti = indefinite determinator
o dtd = definite determinator
o dtG = determinator lac.
Compounds pertaining to nouns
o cmp1 = verbalizer –“to do” (ⲣ-) 2
o cmp2 = verbalizer – “to take” (ϫⲓ-)
o cmp3 = verbalizer – “to give” (ϯ-)
o cmp5 = prefix – privative (ⲁⲧ-)
o cmp7 = prefix – “person of” (ⲣⲙ-)
o cmp9 = prefix – “more” (ϩⲟⲩⲟ-)
o cmp10 = prefix – “-loving” (ⲙⲁⲓ-)
o cmp11 = prefix – “-bearing” (ϥⲁⲓ-)
o cmp12 = prefix – “fellow-” (ϣⲃⲣ-)
o cmp13 = prefix – “fore-” (ϣⲣⲡ-)
o cmp14 = prefix – “worthy of” (ϣⲟⲩ-)
o cmp15 = prefix – “name of” (ⲣⲉⲛ-)
o cmp16 = prefix – “place of” (ⲙⲁ- ⲛ-)
o cmpG = compound lac.
Grammatical / rhetorical constructions pertaining to nouns
o cnst3 = construction – Greek noun used as an attributive
o cnst18 = construction – adverbializer (ϩⲛ ⲟⲩ-) (formerly cmp18)
o cnst20 = construction – adverbializer (ⲛ-) (formerly cmp19)
o cnst19 = predicate use of a Greek noun / adjective, in the form ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (ⲛ-), ⲟ or ϣⲱⲡⲉ (ⲛ-).
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Numerical constructions are without number.
Nb. This refers to the use of ⲣ- with a noun (or adjective). The use of ⲣ- with a verb comes under the category
“auxiliary”.
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Verbalization
o vbl = verbalized noun 3
GREEK ADJECTIVES
o
o
o
o
o
Part of speech
 adj = adjective
Referent
 an = animate referent
 inan = inanimate referent
 refp = referent unclear
Function
 sbst = substantive usage4
 att = attributive usage
Compounds pertaining to adjectives
 cmp4 = prefix – abstraction (ⲙⲛⲧ-) 5
 cmp5 = prefix – privative (ⲁⲧ-)
 cmp9 = prefix – “more” (ϩⲟⲩⲟ-)
 cmp13 = prefix – “fore-” (ϣⲣⲡ-)
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Grammatical / rhetorical constructions pertaining to adjectives
 cnst_ = Adjective used in a comparative construction
 cnst18 = construction – adverbializer (ϩⲛ ⲟⲩ-) (formerly cmp18)
 cnst20 = construction – adverbializer (ⲛ-) (formerly cmp19)
 cnst19 = predicate use of a Greek noun / adjective, in the form ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (ⲛ-), ⲟ or ϣⲱⲡⲉ (ⲛ-).
GREEK VERBS
o
o
Part of speech
 vb = verb
Conjugations
 vcG = conjugation lac.
 1prs = present
 1prs-ng = present – negated
 1prs-rl = present – relative
 1prs-ng-rl = present – negated – relative
 1prs-cr = present – circumstantial
 1prs-ng-cr = present – negated – circumstantial
 1prs-prt = present – preterit
 1prs-ng-prt = present – negated – preterit
 1prs-prt-rl = present – preterit – relative
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Proceed to “Greek Verbs – Conjugations”.
Proceed to “Greek Nouns – Gender”. Nb. Predicates fall under the “substantive category”.
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Currently treated as an.sbst
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1prs-ng-prt-rl = present – negated – preterit – relative
1prs-prt-cr = present – preterit – circumstantial
1prs-ng-prt-cr = present – negated – preterit – circumstantial
2prs = present – focalizing
2prs-ng = present – focalizing – negated
1ft = future
1ft-ng = future – negated
1ft-rl = future – relative
1ft-ng-rl = future – negated – relative
1ft-cr = future – circumstantial
1ft-ng-cr = future – negated – circumstantial
1ft-prt = future – preterit
1ft-ng-prt = future – negated – preterit
2ft = future – focalizing
2ft-ng = future – focalizing – negated
1prf = perfect
1prf-ng = perfect – negative
1prf-rl = perfect – relative
1prf-ng-rl = perfect – negative – relative
1prf-cr = perfect – circumstantial
1prf-ng-cr = perfect – negative – circumstantial
1prf-prt = perfect – preterit
1prf-ng-prt = perfect – negative – preterit
2prf = perfect – focalizing
2prf-ng = perfect – negative – focalizing
2ng-prf = perfect – focalizing – negated
ny = “not yet” conjugation
ny-rl = “not yet” conjugation – relative
ny-cr = “not yet” conjugation – circumstantial
ny-prt = “not yet” conjugation – preterit
hb = aorist
hb-ng = aorist – negative
hb-rl = aorist – relative
hb-ng-rl = aorist – negative – relative
hb-cr = aorist – circumstantial
hb-ng-cr = aorist – negative – circumstantial
hb-prt = aorist – preterit
hb-ng-prt = aorist – negative – preterit
2hb = aorist – focalizing
2hb-ng = aorist – focalizing – negated
3ft = optative
3ft-ng = optative – negative
3ft-ng-rl = optative – negative – relative
3ft-ng-cr = optative – negative – circumstantial
inj = jussive
inj-ng = jussive – negative
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o
o
 tmp = temporal
 tmp-ng = temporal – negated
 cnd = conditional
 cnd-ng = conditional – negated
 ng-cnd = conditional – negative
 lmt = “until” conjugation
 lmt-ng = “until” conjugation – negated
 cnj = conjunctive
 cnj-ng = conjunctive – negated
 fc = future conjunctive
 inf = infinitive
 imp = imperative
 imp-ng = imperative – negative
 sinfl = inflected infinitive
 sinfl-ng = inflected infinitive – negated
 ips = impersonal grammaticalized form
Auxiliary
 auxy = light-verb construction
 auxn = direct insertion
 auxG = insertion strategy lac.
Objects
 obG = object lac.
 obc = directly-attached object
 ob0 = verb takes no object
 obn = object attached via ⲛ-, pronominal form unconfirmed
 ob1 = object attached via ⲛ-, ⲙⲙⲟ⸗
 ob2 = object attached via ⲉ-, ⲉⲣⲟ⸗
 ob3 = object attached via ⲛ-, ⲛⲁ⸗
 ob4 = object attached via ⲉϫⲛ-, ⲉϫⲱ⸗
 ob5 = the object attached via ϩⲓϫⲛ-, ϩⲓϫⲱ⸗
 ob6 = object attached via ⲙⲛ-, ⲛⲙⲙⲁ⸗
 ob7 = object attached via ϩⲛ-, ⲛϩⲏⲧ⸗
 ob8 = object attached via ⲛⲥⲁ-, ⲛⲥⲱ⸗
 ob9 = object attached via ϩⲁ-, ϩⲁⲣⲟ⸗
 ob10 = object attached via ϩⲓ-, ϩⲓⲱⲱ⸗
 ob11 = object attached via ϩⲓⲧⲛ-, ϩⲓⲧⲟⲟⲧ⸗
 ob12 = object attached via ⲛⲧⲛ-, ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲧ⸗
 ob13 = object attached via ⲉⲧⲃⲉ-, ⲉⲧⲃⲏⲏⲧ⸗
 ob14 = object attached via ϣⲁ-, ϣⲁⲣⲟ⸗
 ob15 = object attached via ϩⲁⲧⲛ-, ϩⲁⲧⲟⲟⲧ⸗
 ob16 = object attached via ⲟⲩⲃⲉ-, ⲟⲩⲃⲏ⸗
 ob17 = object attached via ⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧ⸗
 ob18 = object attached via ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲛ-, ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉϫⲱ⸗
 ob19 = object attached via ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ϩⲛ-, ⲉϩⲟⲩⲛ ⲛϩⲏⲧ⸗
 ob20 = object attached via ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲛ-, ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛϩⲏⲧ⸗
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 ob21 = object attached via ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲟⲧ⸗
 ob22 = object attached via ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉ-, ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲣⲟ⸗
 ob23 = object attached via ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲛ-, ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛϩⲏⲧ⸗
 ob24 = object attached via ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲧ⸗
 ob25 = object attached via ϩⲁⲑⲏ ob26 = object attached via ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓ-, ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲱⲱ⸗
 ob27 = object attached via ϩⲱⲥ.
 ob28 = object attached via ϩⲣⲁⲓ ϩⲛ-, ϩⲣⲁⲓ ⲛϩⲏⲧ⸗
 ob29 = ⲙⲙⲁⲩ
 ob30 = object attached via ⲛⲟⲩⲉ-, ⲛⲟⲩⲏ⸗
 ocg = object-clause lac.
 oc1 = object-clause attached via ϫⲉ-, ϫⲉⲕⲁⲁⲥ
 oc2 = object-clause attached via ϩⲓⲛⲁ
 oc3 = object clause attached via ⲉ- + an infinitive
 oc4 = object-clause attached via an inflected infinitive
 oc5 = object-clause attached via a circumstantial
 oc6 = object-clause attached via ⲛ- + an infinitive
 oc7 = object-clause attached via conjunctive conjugation
 oc8 = object-clause attached via jussive conjugation
Compounds pertaining to verbs
 cmp4 = prefix – abstraction (ⲙⲛⲧ-)
 cmp5 = prefix – privative (ⲁⲧ-)
 cmp6 = prefix – agent (ⲣⲉϥ-)
 cmp8 = prefix – action (ϭⲓⲛ-)
 cmp9 = prefix – “more” (ϩⲟⲩⲟ-)
 cmp13 = prefix – “fore-” (ϣⲣⲡ-)
 cmp14 = prefix – “worthy of” (ϣⲟⲩ-)
 cmp20 = “to be able” (ϣ-).
 cmpG = compound lac.
Grammatical / rhetorical constructions pertaining to verbs
 cnst_ = A Coptic verb takes ⲉⲓ + the circumstantial as an auxiliary between it and the
clause’s main tense
 cnst22 = A Greek verb complimented by the Coptic adverb ⲉⲃⲟⲗ (formerly cml8).
Nominalization
 nml = Nominalized 6
GREEK ADVERBS, CONJUNCTIONS, PARTICLES
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Part of speech
 1fun = functional language in first position7
 2fun = functional language in second position 8
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Mark as conjugation “inf”, and proceed to “Greek Nouns – Gender”.
ϩⲓⲛⲁ, ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ, ⲁⲗⲗⲁ, ⲟⲩⲇⲉ, ⲉⲡⲓⲇⲏ, etc.
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ⲇⲉ, ⲅⲁⲣ, etc.
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o
Subsequent verbal conjugation for 1fun
 pc = phrasal coordination
 vs = verb subject
 nc = nominal clause
 vcG = conjugation lac.
 1prs = present
 1prs-ng = present – negated
 1prs-rl = present – relative
 1prs-ng-rl = present – negated – relative
 1prs-cr = present – circumstantial
 1prs-ng-cr = present – negated – circumstantial
 1prs-prt = present – preterit
 1prs-ng-prt = present – negated – preterit
 1prs-prt-rl = present – preterit – relative
 1prs-ng-prt-rl = present – negated – preterit – relative
 1prs-prt-cr = present – preterit – circumstantial
 1prs-ng-prt-cr = present – negated – preterit – circumstantial
 2prs = present – focalizing
 2prs-ng = present – focalizing – negated
 1ft = future
 1ft-ng = future – negated
 1ft-rl = future – relative
 1ft-ng-rl = future – negated – relative
 1ft-cr = future – circumstantial
 1ft-ng-cr = future – negated – circumstantial
 1ft-prt = future – preterit
 1ft-ng-prt = future – negated – preterit
 2ft = future – focalizing
 2ft-ng = future – focalizing – negated
 1prf = perfect
 1prf-ng = perfect – negative
 1prf-rl = perfect – relative
 1prf-ng-rl = perfect – negative – relative
 1prf-cr = perfect – circumstantial
 1prf-ng-cr = perfect – negative – circumstantial
 1prf-prt = perfect – preterit
 1prf-ng-prt = perfect – negative – preterit
 2prf = perfect – focalizing
 2prf-ng = perfect – focalizing – negated
 2ng-prf = perfect – negative – focalizing
 ny = “not yet” conjugation
 ny-rl = “not yet” conjugation – relative
 ny-cr = “not yet” conjugation – circumstantial
 ny-prt = “not yet” conjugation – preterit
 hb = aorist
 hb-ng = aorist – negative
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o
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 hb-rl = aorist – relative
 hb-ng-rl = aorist – negative – relative
 hb-cr = aorist – circumstantial
 hb-ng-cr = aorist – negative – circumstantial
 hb-prt = aorist – preterit
 hb-ng-prt = aorist – negative – preterit
 2hb = aorist – focalizing
 2hb-ng = aorist – focalizing – negated
 2ng-hb = aorist – negative – focalizing
 3ft = optative
 3ft-ng = optative – negative
 3ft-ng-rl = optative – negative – relative
 3ft-ng-cr = optative – negative – circumstantial
 inj = jussive
 inj-ng = jussive – negative
 tmp = temporal
 tmp-ng = temporal – negated
 cnd = conditional
 cnd-ng = conditional – negated
 ng-cnd = conditional – negative
 lmt = “until” conjugation
 lmt-ng = “until” conjugation – negated
 cnj = conjunctive
 cnj-ng = conjunctive – negated
 fc = future conjunctive
 inf = infinitive
 imp = imperative
 imp-ng = imperative – negative
 sinfl = inflected infinitive
 sinfl-ng = inflected infinitive – negated
 ips = impersonal grammaticalized form
 padv = adverbial phrase
 pnn.dty = noun with determinator
 pnn.dtn = noun without determinator
 psub = subordinate clause
Complements
 cml1 = The Coptic conjunction ϫⲉ– complements a Greek conjunction.
 cml3 = The Coptic conjunction ⲉϣϫⲉ– complements a Greek conjunction.
 cml4 = The Coptic adverb ⲟⲛ complements a Greek adverb.
Grammatical / rhetorical constructions pertaining to functional language
 cnstA – Introduces a question.
 cnstB – Introduces purpose clause.
 cnstC – Introduces temporal clause.
 cnstD – Introduces negative purpose clause.
 cnstE – Introduces conditional clause.
 cnstG – Double usage of same lexeme (?).
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cnstH – Introduces a result clause.
cnstI – ⲙⲉⲛ … ⲇⲉ
cnstJ – Introduces a negative result clause.
cnstK – Introduces a negative purpose clause.
cnstL – Inverted attributive construction.9
cnstM – Introduces an object clause.
cnstN – Introduces an explanatory clause.
cnstR – The clause is elliptical.
cnstS – The clause has ellipsed a grammatical marker. 10
GREEK ADVERBS OF MANNER
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Part of speech
o adv = Adverb of manner
GREEK PREPOSITIONS
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Part of speech
o prep = preposition
Prepositional form
o pnn = pre-nominal form
o pprn = pre-pronominal form
o pfG = form lac.
Determinator
o dty = with determinator
o dtn = without determinator
o dtG = determinator lac.
See Layton (2000), 102
cnstS cannot appear independently. Enter cnstR-cnstS
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