Timeline for Homo sapiens - 2nd Edition
Many Glacial
and Interglacial
Epochs occur
over the 2.5
million years
B.C.E. to
300,000 B.C.E..
Sea levels rise
and fall 300ft
on average.
Average Global
temperatures
rise and fall 8
to 10 degrees
Celsius. The
ebb and flow
of the glacial
cycles, seems
to repeat in
100,000 to
120,000 year
intervals.
From 2.5M B.C.E. to 300,000 B.C.E. Hominid Species had organized the 1st Industrial
Complexes making stone tools in quantities. By 1.6M B.C.E. hand axes and stone points
that were flaked on two sides, hominids are demonstrating skill and technique.
Undisputed evidence of a footprint that dates to 1.5M B.C.E. of a, "most likely", Homo
Erectus walking upright. Homo Erectus fossils have been dated from 1.8M B.C.E. to the
210,000 B.C.E. (12 discoveries are outside of Africa). Bone Tools are found at the same
Epoch. From 1.5M B.C.E. to 790,000 B.C.E. evidence of hearths and cooking. The 1st
living species that took control of fire. 500,000 B.C.E. Hominid Species are hunting large
animals with spears. Four wooden spears dated circa 400,000 B.C.E. have been found in
Germany in 1995. Use of pigments for body adornment and painting developed next
around 400,000 B.C.E. to 350,000 B.C.E.. Homo Neanderthalensis exists as a distinct
species from 600,000 B.C.E. to around 26,000 B.C.E. and no fossils exist that are younger
than this time. 570,000 years tops Homo Sapiens by 370,000 years of existence as a
distinct species. Over the course of the Pleistocene 2.58M B.C.E. to 9700 B.C.E., to the
start of The Holocene 9700 B.C.E. to the present, there have been 14 glacial periods
with the start of the Holocene signifying the end of the Quaternary Pleistocene Epoch.
From all hominid species, Homo Sapiens is the only homogeneous species to survive and
thrive to the present. And we are novel on the timeline scale. And in that modest
amount of time, we have accomplished more in a short time, than any other species
that has ever existed. The Human Genome Project evidence says that we are the
descendants of a potential 2000 to 3000 survivors (high thousands maximum) of the last
great extinction challenge. As Winston Churchill might say, " Some Bottle. Some Neck".
600,000 B.C.E. Mount Carmel Caves (Israel) Human evidence of occupancy to Natufian cultures of 10,000 B.C.E.
500,000 B.C.E. - 250,000 B.C.E. Petralona 1 (Greece) Homo Heidelbergensis or archaic Homo Sapien?
400,000 B.C.E. - 200,000 B.C.E. Altamura Cave (Italy) Human skeleton still in situ. Difficult to access and date.
Glacial
Glacial
Glacial
Glacial
Glacial
Glacial
300,000 B.C.E.
300,000 B.C.E. End of Mindel/Pre-Illinoian/Elsterian/Anglian/Rio Llico - Glacial Period.
300,000 B.C.E. Neanderthal has had full separation from human ancestors for 70,000 years.
300,000 B.C.E. Qesem Cave (Israel) Hearth with burnt animal bones and flint tools. Homo ????
300,000 B.C.E. -125,000 B.C.E. Kabwe Cranium (Zambia) Homo Rhodesiensis. 1920 find makes it difficult to date.
300,000 B.C.E. Y-chromosomal Adam 2013 Y-MRCA (95% confidence of an earlier rare DNA alleles).
300,000 B.C.E. Geminga Supernova Gama Ray Pulsar Responsible for interstellar medium in our Solar System.
300,000 B.C.E. Swanscombe Skull (England) Homo Heidelbergensis - or archaic Homo Sapien - to 200,000 B.C.E.
Glacial to W. & W. 290,000 B.C.E. Bhimbeta Petroglyphs (India) oldest known art. Might be older. Who created…Homo ????
Warm & Wet
290,000 B.C.E. Start of Mindel-Riss/Pre-Illinioan/Holstein/Hoxnian/ S.A. (X) - Interglacial Period
Warm & Wet
250,000 B.C.E. Ngandong 7 (Indonesia) Homo Erectus with new dating techniques 100,000 B.C.E. - 25,000 B.C.E.
Warm & Wet
250,000 B.C.E. - 200,000 B.C.E. Hueyatlaco (Mexico) Human habitation. Multiple stone tools. Multiple occupations.
Warm & Wet
230,000 B.C.E. Bontnewydd (Wales) Teeth and part of a jawbone, 11 year old Neanderthal.
Warm & Wet
230,000 B.C.E. Neanderthals have spread through Europe.
Warm & Wet
230,000 B.C.E. Venus of Berekhat Ram (Israel) Figurine. Confirmed hominid creativity. Oldest Art artifact.
Warm & Wet
209,000 B.C.E. Dali Skull (China) Ox teeth found on site date to +/- 23,000 years. Homo Erectus or Sapien??
W.&W to Glacial 208,000 B.C.E. - 200,000 B.C.E. Accelerated glaciation over the next 8000 years.
Glacial
200,000 B.C.E. Start of Riss/Illinoian/Saalian/Wolstonian/Santa Maria - Glacial Period.
Glacial
Glacial
Glacial
200,000 B.C.E.
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200,000 B.C.E. Calico Early Man Site (California U.S.A.) Artifacts or Geofacts? Flakes - stone tools or natural?
200,000 B.C.E. - 45,000 B.C.E. Tabun Cave (Israel) Predominantly Mousterian artifacts in several stratified layers.
200,000 B.C.E. Neanderthals & Homo Sapiens co-exist to 30,000 B.C.E. (earliest evidence 190,000 B.C.E. ^^).
200,000 B.C.E. Venus of Tan-Tan (Morocco) Figurine. Made by Homo Erectus.
190,000 B.C.E. Omo 1 / Omo 2 ^^ (Ethiopia) Two specimens of early Homo Sapiens.
170,000 B.C.E. - 40,000 B.C.E. Pinnacle Point (South Africa) Marine harvesting evidence exists for over 130,000 years.
164,000 B.C.E. Heat-Treated Stones for Tools (South Africa) several sites along the coast.
160,000 B.C.E. Mitochondrial Eve (Africa) The Human Genome Project.
158,000 B.C.E. Jebel Irhoud 1,2,3,4 (Morocco) Four Homo Sapien fossils. Two Adults. Two Children.
158,000 B.C.E. Homo Sapien Idaltu (Ethiopia) Extinct subspecies of Homo Sapiens.
150,000 B.C.E. Origins of Language (South Africa) "Phonemic Diversity" "Serial Founder Effect" ???
140,000 B.C.E.- 138,000 B.C.E. Global Temperature The average temperature is 8/9 degrees colder than today.
140,000 B.C.E. Sea Level Equal To 18,000 B.C.E. (Shoreline is 300ft lower) Coincides with Last Glacial Maximum.
132,000 B.C.E. Human Adornment (Israel) (Es Skhul Cave Hafia).
130,000 B.C.E. La Ferrassie Rock Shelter (France) Neanderthal burial site. Two adults & five children.
130,000 B.C.E. Evidence of Sea Voyages (Crete) 9 sites near Plakais - Tools from Africa ~ Homo Erectus type.
Glacial to W. & W. 130,000 B.C.E. End of Riss/Illinoian/Saalian/Wolstonian/Santa Maria - Glacial Period.
Warm & Wet
129,000 B.C.E. Start of Riss-Wurn/Sangamonian/Eemian/Ipswichian/Valdivia - Interglacial Period
Warm & Wet
128,000 B.C.E. -126,000 B.C.E. Global Temperature The average temperature is 2/3 degrees higher than today.
Warm & Wet
126,000 B.C.E. +/- 5000 years Late Pleistocene: End of Ionian Stage, beginning of Tarantian Stage
Warm & Wet
125,000 B.C.E. Sea Level Equal to Today's Levels To 115,000 B.C.E.
Warm & Wet
125,000 B.C.E. - 60,000 B.C.E. Klasies River Mouth (South Africa) Layers show that site was used for 60,000 yrs.
Warm & Wet
120,000 B.C.E. - 90,000 B.C.E. Abbassia Pluvial (North Africa) 30,000 year of "Green Sahara".
Warm & Wet
118,000 B.C.E. Tabun C1 (Israel) (Mt. Carmel Site) Female Neanderthal skeletal remains.
Warm & Wet
113,000 B.C.E. Krapina C (Croatia) Neanderthal skull. 1899 discovery. (+/- 7000 years).
Warm & Wet
113,000 B.C.E. Krapina Caves (Croatia) Occupied by Neanderthal (900 fossils of young and old to 30,000 B.C.E.).
W. & W. to Glacial 110,000 B.C.E. Start of Wurn/Wisconsin/Vistulian/Devensian/Llanquilhue - Glacial Period
W. & W. to Glacial 110,000 B.C.E. Mandible Klasies River Mouth (South Africa) Cut marks on jawbone suggestive of cannibalism.
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Glacial
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100,000 B.C.E
Warm & Wet
103,000 B.C.E. Scladena (Belgium) Neanderthal jawbone and teeth. DNA…genetically diverse to Homo Sapiens.
100,000 B.C.E. Oldest Intentional Burial (Israel)(Qafzeh) 15 bodies in a cave (71 pieces of orcher & tools).
100,000 B.C.E. Oldest Paint Factory/Workshop (South Africa)(Blombos Caves) Making Red Paint.
100,000 B.C.E. - 30,000 B.C.E. Domestication of Dogs (Estimate when?) (*Who domesticated who?*).
92,000 B.C.E. Skhul/Qafzeh 1 to 12 (Israel) Earliest representative of a modern human. 12 separate remains.
90,000 B.C.E. 90,000 B.C.E. Y-chromosomal Adam (Africa) The Human Genome Project.
Warm & Wet
88,000 B.C.E. Katanda Bone Harpoon (Rep. of Congo)(Katanda) Used for hunting large river fish.
Warm & Wet
80,000 B.C.E. Shanidar Cave (Iraq) Nine Neanderthal skeletons. Various ages. Shanidar 1 is 40 to 50 years old.
80,000 B.C.E. 80,000 B.C.E. Earliest Trade Route (Morocco)(Taforalt) Shell beads found 25 miles inland from the sea.
Warm & Wet
78,000 B.C.E. Konigsaue (Germany) Bifacially made knives & hand axes. Hunting base camp.
Warm & Wet
78,000 B.C.E. - 48,000 Genetic Evidence 2010 Neanderthal's & Homo Sapiens interbreed. 1% to 4% in Eurasia.
Warm & Wet
75,000 B.C.E. +/- 15,000 years Obi-Rakhmat 1 (Uzbekistan) Neanderthal teeth. 27 skull fragments.
Warm & Wet
75,000 B.C.E. Blombos Caves (South Africa) Pressure Flaking of Tools. High level of delicate skill.
Warm & Wet
75,000 B.C.E. Blombos Caves (South Africa) Recording Information. Organized markings on a plaque.
Warm & Wet
74,000 B.C.E. La Ferrassie (France) Male/Female/Juvenile Neanderthal. (Image of a Vulva on a rock shelter).
Warm & Wet
73,000 B.C.E - 27,500 B.C.E. - 11,500 B.C.E Adam's Calendar (South Africa) More research required!!
70,000 B.C.E. Lake Toba super volcano eruption. Altered the climate for a decade. Nuclear Winter. Population Plummets.
W. W. to Glacial
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70,000 B.C.E. Blombos Caves (South Africa) Rock art incised on two pieces of ochre + shell beads.
68,000 B.C.E. Teshik-Tash (Uzbekistan) 8 to 11 year old Neanderthal child.
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60,000 B.C.E.
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50,000 B.C.E.
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40,000 B.C.E.
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68,000 B.C.E. Compound Adhesives (South Africa)(Sibudu Cave) A cognition skill required - evidence of!
THE GAP IN THE TIMELINE: After the Lake Toba Eruption, evidence of Homo Sapien life is scant.
The obvious assessment of educated reasoning would deduce that there were few of our ancestors around
to procreate and create evidence for archeology to find today. Simple conclusion and the lack of evidence
for the next 20,000 years, validates the catastrophic challenge for all life. The smartest and fittest survived.
63,000 B.C.E. La Quina 5 & 18 (France) Skulls of Neanderthal found in a Rock Shelter. Killing/Butchering site.
60,000 B.C.E. Saccopastore 1 & 2 (Italy) Skulls in the personal possession of Professor Sergio Sergei.
60,000 B.C.E. La Chapelle-aux-Saints a.k.a. The Old Man (France) 30 year old Neanderthal with no teeth.
60,000 B.C.E. Amud 7 (Israel) Adult Neanderthal and infant skeletal fragments.
60,000 B.C.E. Out of Africa Homo Sapiens exit the Continent for the 1st time. The Human Genome Project.
Over the next 10,000 years Homo Sapiens become very nomadic and the evidence suggests we travelled
quickly across vast distances from the African continent. The world has recovered from the Lake Toba event
and the bounty of life has recovered. Homo Sapien advancement throughout the habitable world will spell
doom for Neanderthals over the course of the next 20,000 years. Genome evidence of cross breeding…Yes.
58,000 B.C.E. - 46,000 B.C.E. Kebara Cave (Israel) Almost complete Neanderthal skeleton. 12,000 year occupation.
53,000 B.C.E. - 51,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada (Brazil) Site BPF 1 Radiocarbon dates on charcoal (ABOX-SC test Canberra).
50,000 B.C.E. Hazar Merd Cave (Iraq/Kurdistan) Mousterian occupation. Estimate age dating.
50,000 B.C.E. Homo Sapiens H.G.P. have ventured to Near East/India/Malaysia/Australia/China/Japan/Siberia
The South Pacific Islands combined with the lower sea level at this time would have created larger islands.
This would have allowed for pioneering homo sapiens to populate more easily these islands. The Lost
Continent of Mu Myth has a controversial foundation claim with a larger land mass throughout the Pacific.
48,000 B.C.E. Guattari Cave (Italy) Mt. Cireco 1. Neanderthal skull & forearm. Bone marks - cannibal or hyena?
48,000 B.C.E. Topper Site (USA) Al Goodyear's South Carolina site that has peer reviewed Carbon dating.
47,000 B.C.E. Barringer Crater (USA)(Winslow Arizona) 50 meter wide meteor. Pre Human in North America??
47,000 B.C.E. - 41,000 B.C.E. Aurignacian Culture (Europe) 26 sites throughout Europe. Blades/Adornments.
47,000 B.C.E. - 15,000 B.C.E. Pataud Shelter (France) Aurignacian (47-27) Gravettian (30-20) Solutrean (20-15) B.C.E.
46,000 B.C.E. - 30,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada (Brazil) Contested site. C-14 dating of charcoal in shelters (N. Guidon).
43,000 B.C.E. - 18,500 B.C.E. Vindija Cave (Croatia) Neanderthal occupation to 30,000 B.C.E., H. Sapien to 18,500 B.C.E.
43,000 B.C.E. Mungo Lady LM1/Man LM2/Man LM3 (Australia) Old Cremation, multi- year debate +/- 15,000yrs).
43,000 B.C.E. Le Moustier Skull (France) 16 year old Neanderthal skull.
43,000 B.C.E. Amud 1 (Israel) Neanderthal Skull, much less robust versus European specimens.
43,000 B.C.E. Creswell Crags Caves (England) Flint tools of Neanderthals.
42,000 B.C.E. Kent Cavern 4 (England) Homo Sapien jawbone. Earliest human fossil in North-Western Europe.
42,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Grotte du Renne Cave (France) Chatelperronian & Aurignacian occupation.
42,000 B.C.E. - 40,000 B.C.E. El Sidron Cave (Spain) 8 Neanderthal remains and 358 lithic artifacts.
41,500 B.C.E. Nerja Caves (Spain) Neanderthal art?? Seals painted on stalagmite one mile into cave.
41,200 B.C.E. +/- 700 years Divje Babe Flute (Slovenia) Cave bear bone femur with pierced flute holes.
41,000 B.C.E. Cueva de El Castillo Cave (Spain)(Puenta Viesgo) New evidence - older. Homo or Neanderthal?
40,000 B.C.E. Bir el Ater (Algeria) Aterian industry. Stone tool manufacturing with advanced shapes.
40,000 B.C.E. - 25,000 B.C.E. Beringia (Siberia & Alaska) Over 15,000 years, 100 to 1000 mile wide land bridge.
40,000 B.C.E. Kostenki (Russia) Non-stone artifacts, awls, mattocks, bone points and human figurines.
40,000 B.C.E. + 10,000yrs Engis Skull (Belgium) 1829 discovery of an infant Neanderthal.
40,000 B.C.E. + 10,000yrs Gibraltar 1 (Gibraltar) 1848 discovery of an adult Neanderthal.
40,000 B.C.E. Venus of Hohle Fels (Germany)(Hohle Fels Cave) Female Ivory figurine. To 33,000 B.C.E.
39,000 B.C.E. Denisova Hominins (Siberia) Unknown species (Discovery 2010) 3 Genetically Distinct Samples!!
39,000 B.C.E. Grimaldi Man (France) Two skeletons that display negroid traits.
39,000 B.C.E. - 17,000 B.C.E. Ucagizli Cave (Turkey) 7 assemblages of occupation.
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35,000 B.C.E.
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39,000 B.C.E. Carbon 14 Reversal I: (Earth) Serge in radiocarbon affects dating by many thousands of years.
39,000 B.C.E. Australian Animals Many go extinct. Cosmic Rays from a Supernova theory proposed.
39,000 B.C.E. Magnetic Field (Earth) almost reverses.
38,000 B.C.E. 1st Sturdy Shoes (Collective Study) The small toes getting smaller. Homo Sapien & Neanderthals.
38,000 B.C.E. Leang Timpuseng Rock Art (Indonesia) Hand stencil earlier than European timeline of the same.
38,000 B.C.E. Niah Cave (Malaysia) Skull of human found with many other artifacts.
38,000 B.C.E. Neanderthal 1 (Germany) 1856 discovery is represented as the beginning of Paleoanthropology.
38,000 B.C.E. 325 Footprints in Ash (Mexico) Layer below 100,000/70,000BP - layer above 40,000/9000BP.
38,000 B.C.E. - 7000 B.C.E. Klisoura Cave (Greece) Occupation intervals for 30,000 yrs. 90 hearth, 54 clay basins.
35,000 B.C.E. - 18,000 B.C.E. Grotte du Renne Caves (France) Chatelperronian, Aurignacian to Gravettian occ..
37,000 B.C.E. Cueva de El Castillo Cave (Spain)(Puenta Viesgo) "The Panel of Hands" Oldest cave painting.
37,000 B.C.E. - 12,000 B.C.E. Castel-Merle (France) Artifacts reveal a Neanderthal to Homo Sapien occupation.
37,000 B.C.E. - 32,000 B.C.E. Kostenki 12/III (Russia) Early occupation layer for this site.
36,000 B.C.E. - 22,000 B.C.E. Kostenki - Borshevo (Russia) 26 sites. Mammoth bone foundations for huts.
36,000 B.C.E. Pestera cu Oase Cave (Romania) Skull displays modern anatomy versus archaic feature forms.
36,000 B.C.E. - 9500 B.C.E. Austurias Caves (Spain) 40 caves with various occupations and transitional art.
36,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Baradostian Culture (Iran & Iraq) Pa Sangar, Gar Arjeneh, Zargos region.
35,000 B.C.E. Hofmeyr Skull (South Africa) Skull has a close affinity to Eurasian features.
35,000 B.C.E. - 26,000 B.C.E. Aurignac Caves (France) Name sake for Aurignacian culture. 25 sites in Europe.
35,000 B.C.E. Oldest Mathematical Artifact (Swaziland)(Lembombo Mountains) Tally stick with 29 notches.
35,000 B.C.E. Franchthi Caves (Greece) 11M/36ft of deposits. Continuous human occupation to 3000 B.C.E.
34,000 B.C.E. Abri Blanchard Phallus Carving (France) Carved from a bison horn.
34,000 B.C.E. St Cesaire (France) Evidence of co-existence of early modern humans and Neanderthal.
34,000 B.C.E. - 10,000 B.C.E. Haplogroup X (N. A.) Ojibwa, Sioux, Yakama & Nuu-Cha-Nulth. Old European DNA.
34,000 B.C.E. Pendejo Cave (USA) Human modified horse bone. A fingerprint in a clay hearth. 5 other artifacts.
34,000 B.C.E. Flute - Oldest Musical Instrument (Germany)(Hohle Fels Cave) Vulture Bone. To 33,000 B.C.E.
34,000 B.C.E. - 26,500 B.C.E. Neanderthals (Europe) Extinction happens sometime over this 7500 year epoch.
33,500 B.C.E. Leang Timpuseng Rock Art (Indonesia) Image of a female Babirusa.
33,000 B.C.E. - 29,000 B.C.E. Mladec Caves (Moravia) 5 Aurignacian occupations. Transitional H.N. To H.S.?
33,000 B.C.E. Nazlet Khater (Egypt) Complete Skeletal remains of a Palaeolithic human.
33,000 B.C.E. Circle Ranch Cave (USA) Two layers of Carbon dated charcoal. Created by humans or nature?
33,000 B.C.E. Swabian Jura Ivory Carvings (Germany)(Vogelherd Cave) Mammoth figurine. 1st animal art.
33,000 - 28,000 - 21,000 - 15,000 - 11,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada Cave Paintings (Brazil) various dates.
33,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Yafteh Cave (Iran) Lithic artifacts and charcoal reveal a 5000 years occupation.
33,000 B.C.E. Venus the Adorant (Germany) Mammoth ivory bas-relief of a human with raised arms.
32,000 B.C.E. Flax Fibers/Making Material Things (Georgia)(Dzudzuana Cave) Weaving & Sewing.
32,000 B.C.E. Mandu Mandu Creek Necklace (Australia) Aboriginal perforated shell necklace.
32,000 B.C.E. Carbon 14 Reversal II: Serge in radiocarbon affects dating by many thousands of years.
32,000 B.C.E. Magnetic Field (Earth) almost reverses again.
31,000 B.C.E. Horse Head/Water Bird/Lion Sculpture (Germany)(Hohle Fels Cave)To 30,000 B.C.E.
31,000 B.C.E. Red Lady of Paviland Goat's Hole Cave (Wales) Oldest ceremonial burial of a now identified man.
31,000 B.C.E. Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) Evidence for early inhabitants.
31,000 B.C.E. Monte Verde (Chile) Tom Dillehay's controversial dating of charcoal from a lower level hearth.
31,000 B.C.E. Razboinichya Cave (Russia) Evidence of an early incipient canine skull.
30,000 B.C.E. Lionheaded Figurine (Germany)(Stadel-Hohle in Hohlenstein Cave) Anthropomorphic Sculpture.
30,000 B.C.E +/- 1000 years Hohle Fels Miniature Lion Man (Germany) One arm missing.
30,000 B.C.E. Yamashita Cave Man (Japan) Several bones discovered in a limestone cave of the same name.
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30,000 B.C.E.
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25,000 B.C.E.
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30,000 B.C.E. Chauvet Cave Paintings (France) lions, mammoths, rhinoceroses, horses, leopard, etc.
30,000 B.C.E. Venus figure of Chauvet Cave (France) A bison figure with an exaggerated depiction of a vulva.
30,000 B.C.E. -23,000 B.C.E. Pedra Furada (Brazil) 4 of 560 artifacts display human techniques to create.
30,000 B.C.E. - 28,000 B.C.E. Creswell Crags Caves (England) Evidence of occupation in this period.
30,000 B.C.E. Venus of Monpazier (France) Green Steatie figurine. (Approximate dating, found open field).
29,600 B.C.E. Venus of Galgenberg (Austria) sculptured from green Serpentine rock. (Dance posture?).
28,000 B.C.E. Sewing Tools (China)(Liaoning Province) Bone and ivory needles.
28,000 B.C.E. Pinza-Abu Cave (Japan) Bones of modern humans. No complete skeletons.
27,900 B.C.E. +/- 650 years. Toca do Boqueirao (Brazil) Charcoal and prepared orcher pigment.
27,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years. The Vogelherd Venus (Germany) Crude and clumsily made ivory carving.
26,500 B.C.E - 20,000 B.C.E. Last Glacial Maximum Ice sheet reaches it maximum. 2 KM (+/-) thick in places.
26,000 B.C.E. Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site (Siberia) Oldest site above the Arctic Circle. Beads and symbolic objects.
26,000 B.C.E. Bluefish Caves Yukon (Canada) Mammoth bone with human spear point evidence.
26,000 B.C.E. Le Eyzies Rock Shelter (France) Cro-Magnon 1 male, 2 female & 3 male.
26,000 B.C.E. Vilhonneur Cave (France) walls of red dots, black bars, hand stencil and human face.
26,000 B.C.E. Venus of Dolni Vestonice (Czech Republic) Early example of a ceramic figurine.
26,000 B.C.E. Predmost 3 (Czech Rep.) Homo Sapien Skull destroyed in World War II by Nazi's.
26,000 B.C.E. - 18,000 B.C.E. Venus of Frasassi (Italy) Carved from stalactite. Extended forearms unusual.
26,000 B.C.E. - 24,000 B.C.E. Gibraltar 2 (Gibraltar) Dorothy Garrod's discovery of a four year old Neanderthal skull.
26,000 B.C.E. - 24,000 B.C.E. Gorham's Cave (Gibraltar) Last known evidence of Neanderthal existence.
25,000 B.C.E. ^ 50,000 B.C.E. NG 6 (Indonesia) The earliest fossil evidence of Homo Erectus.
25,000 B.C.E. Cosquer Cave (France) Hand stencils. Cave entrance is 40 meters below sea level.
25,000 B.C.E. Baked Clay Bear (Czech Rep.) Dolni Vestonice figurine. Non threatening pose.
25,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 yrs. Venus of Dolni Vestonice XV (Czech Rep.) Mammoth ivory head. Face fallen on left side.
25,000 B.C.E. +/- 3000 yrs. Venus of La Poire (France) Edouard Piette adopted the term Venus (1892 torso fragment).
25,000 B.C.E. Venus of Savigano (Italy) Serpentine Stone figurine.
25,000 B.C.E. The Ishango Bone (Zaire)(Ishango) A six month lunar calendar.
24,000 B.C.E. - 22,000 B.C.E. Venus of Willendorf (Austria) Infamous oolitic limestone figurine expertly carved.
25,000 B.C.E. Venus of Polichinelle (Italy) Soapstone carving with pronounced buttocks and belly.
25,000 B.C.E. Venus of Die Rote von Mauren (Germany) Limestone figure covered with red ochre when found.
25,000 B.C.E. Venus called La Manche (France) A knife handle attempt that failed.
24,000 B.C.E. Venus of Willendorf II & III (Austria) Two unfinished figurines.
24,000 B.C.E. +/- 5000 years. Venus of Sireuil (France) Found in rut by the side of a road. Translucent calcite.
24,000 B.C.E. +/- 5000 years. Playing Card Venus (France) Engraving of a woman/woman or man/woman?
24,000 B.C.E. Burial at Brno (Czech Rep.) Ivory statuette of a Male with a stump for a penis.
24,000 B.C.E. Mammoth Ivory Head (Czech Rep.) Male portrait head with staring eyes and strong features.
23,500 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Moravany (Slovakia) Mammoth Ivory figurine. Found in plowed field.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Negroid Venus Head (Unknown) Head only of polished soapstone.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years The Ostrava Venus (Czech Rep.) Cubic form carved from haematite.
23,000 B.C.E. Huts of Mammoth Tusks & Rocks (Czech Rep.)(Dolni Vestonice) oldest permanent Settlement.
23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Brassempouy (France) Ivory figurine (representation of face - unique).
23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Dolni Vestonice III (Czech Rep.) Mammoth ivory figurine with head turned sideways.
23,000 B.C.E. Venus figurine a la Ceinture (France) figurine with a belt and slender legs and no feet.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Losange Venus (France) Unknown find spot. Green steatite figurine.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Savigano (Italy) Found by a workman digging a foundation.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Mask (Unknown) Made from translucent green yellow chlorite.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Abrachiale (Italy) Brown Ivory not to be found in Italy. Came from afar.
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23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Undescribed Venus of Balzi Rossi (Italy) Soapstone figurine missing legs.
23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Kostenky <Limestone> (Russia) Limestone figurine. Head missing and bracelets on hands.
23,000 B.C.E. Double Venus (France) One side is a woman, one side is an animal. Greenish-yellow serpentine.
23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Laussel (France) Limestone figurine - carved relief on a rock (holding a horn).
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Chiozza (Italy) Sandstone figurine that could be neolithic.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Nun Venus (Flattened Figure) (Italy) Oval pebble of dark green chlorite.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Figurine dressed in a Cape (France) Fragment of a torso wearing a cape.
23,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. The Red Ochre Venus (France) Mammoth Ivory covered with red ochre.
23,000 B.C.E. Venus of Lespuque (France) Mammoth Ivory figurine (unique abstract shape) skirt = thread
23.000 B.C.E. Venus of Mainz I & II (Germany) Reindeer hunters figurines.
23,000 B.C.E. - 12,000 B.C.E. Cougnac Caves (France) Animal mixed with human figures paint over 11,000 years.
22,500 B.C.E. +/- 500 years. Venus of Tursac (France) Translucent calcite with no head arms or breasts.
22,000 B.C.E. - 10,000 B.C.E. Coa Valley (Portugal) 23 sites of engravings & paintings done over 12,000 yrs.
22,000 B.C.E. Venus of Garagino (Ukraine) Volcanic rock figurine (several found)
22,000 B.C.E. - 400 C.E. Tsodilo Hills (Botswana) 4500 rock paintings. San people of the Kalahari.
22,000 B.C.E. Tlapacoya Site (Mexico) Pre-Clovis site with dating potentially affected by volcano tepra.
22,000 B.C.E. +/- 500 years Venuses of Kostenki (Russia) [8] other figurines found around this time period.
21,500 B.C.E. - 18,000 B.C.E. Venuses of Avdeevo (Russia) [14] figurines. Most depict the reproductive cycle.
21,000 B.C.E. +/- 5000 years. The Trasimeno Venus (Italy) Soapstone figure. Unknown where it exactly originated.
21,000 B.C.E. Two Children of Sungir (Russia) 1000+ Mammoth beads on clothing. Thousand of hours of work.
21,000 B.C.E. +/- 400 years. Venus of Kostenki I (Russia) Mammoth bone figurine.
21,000 B.C.E. Venus of Mal'ta I (Russia) Mammoth Ivory figurine. Cave at Lake Baikal.
21,000 B.C.E. - 14,000 B.C.E. Venuses of Mal'ta-Buret (Russia) [29] figurines found around dwelling foundations.
21,000 B.C.E. Jerimalai Cave (Indonesia) Fish hooks made from shells. Possibly earlier (16,000 B.C.E.).
21,000 B.C.E. - 13,000 B.C.E. Zaraysk (Russia) Bison carved from mammoth tusk is one of 15,000 artifacts.
21,000 B.C.E. The Bicephale Venus (Italy) Two heads on one body. Green-yellow serpentine pendant.
20,000 B.C.E. Abri de la Madeleine (France) Bison licking insect bite carving on an antler.
20,000 B.C.E. Solutrean Culture (Spain & France) Distinctive pressure flaking tool making. Highly advanced.
20,000 B.C.E. Cylcons - Aborigines (Australia)(New South Wales) Oval Message Stones. To 18,000 B.C.E.
20,000 B.C.E. Global Temperature (Earth) the average temperature is 3C to 4C or more, colder than today.
19,800 B.C.E. +/- 300 years Venus of Gagarino (Russia) One of [7] Venus figurines found at this site.
19,500 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Menton (Italy) Soapstone figurine with typical features of other figurines.
19,000 B.C.E. +/- 3000 yrs. Venus of Predmost (Czech Rep.) Female geometric facsimile carving on an ivory staff.
19,000 B.C.E. Avdeevo (Russia) Semi-subterranean lodges & pits for fur hunters.
19,000 B.C.E. - 14,000 B.C.E. Beringia Standstill Hypothesis (Siberia) 5000+ years conducive for human habitation.
19,000 B.C.E. +/- 3000 years Venus Hermaphrodite (Italy) Figurine with a bulging crotch. Birthing representation?
19,000 B.C.E. Venus of L'Abri Pataud (France) Carved on stone with pregnancy contours.
18,000 B.C.E. +/- 500 years Sea Level at its Lowest (Land = to Europe) is above sea level (300ft lower than today).
18,000 B.C.E. - 16,000 B.C.E. Cactus Hill (USA) Pre-Clovis artifacts. Site is a redeposit site (controversial).
18,000 B.C.E. Oldest Known Pottery (China)(Xainrendong Cave) Vessel fragments. Cooking Food.
18,000 B.C.E. - 8,000 B.C.E. Zhoukoudian Caves (China) Human occupations over 10,000 years.
18,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years Venus of Zaraysk I (Russia) A rare non-voluptuous figurine.
18,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years Venus of Zaraysk II (Russia) An unfinished figurine.
18,000 B.C.E. Halfan Culture (Egypt & Nubia) Nomad hunter gatherer evidence. Multitude of rock paintings.
18,000 B.C.E. Deep Water Atlantic Ocean Current flowed in reverse. Convection stronger in Southern Polar Ocean.
17,000 B.C.E. +/- 1000 years Venus of Krasnyy Yar (Siberia) Polished bone figurine.
17,000 B.C.E. & 10,000 B.C.E. Pendejo Cave (USA) Carbon dated human hair. No DNA link to the 4 N.A. lineages.
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17,000 B.C.E. - 14,000 B.C.E. Meadowcroft Rockshelter (USA) 2000 lithic artifacts, 150 fire pits, 3000 yrs of occupation.
17,000 B.C.E. Lascaux Cave Paintings (France) Hall of Bulls, bison, shaft of the dead man. 600 abstract art forms.
16,000 B.C.E. Carbon 14 Reversal III: Serge in radiocarbon affects dating +/- up to 2000 years.
16,000 B.C.E. Doggerland (Scotland, Ireland & England) part of Europe. Became Islands after 7000 B.C.E.
16,000 B.C.E. ^ 38,000 B.C.E. LB 1 Hobbit (Indonesia) Homo Floresiensis. 3'6" 30 year old female. 1 of 9 others.
16,000 B.C.E. - 14,000 B.C.E. Minatogawa 1 (Japan) 9 bodies mixed with animal bones, tossed in a fissure.
16,000 B.C.E. Solutrean Spear Point found in a Mastodon Skull (USA) Fisherman recovered edge of continental shelf.
15,500 B.C.E. +/- 1800 years The Bradshaw Rock Art (Australia) Unique distinctive style. Dating controversial.
15,000 B.C.E. Venus the Bust (Italy) Torso of soapstone missing legs and one breast.
15,000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years Venus of Bedeilhac (France) Carved from a horse canine. Part of a necklace of teeth.
15,000 B.C.E. Venus the Janus (France/Italy) Face on both sides and perforated hole in neck.
15,000 B.C.E. Venus Flattened Figurine (Italy) Cut marks on stone figurine depict hair.
15,000 B.C.E. Venus I, II, III of Nebra (Germany) All three figurines appear to be facsimiles.
15,000 B.C.E. +/- 4000 years. Venus of Milandes (France) Phalliform female figurine.
15,000 B.C.E. Altamira Cave Paintings (Spain) bison, human hands, wild animals, all vivid and well done.
15,000 B.C.E. - 11,000 B.C.E. Coral Reefs (Barbados) Sea water rises 66 ft per century. Reef growth is stymied.
14,500 B.C.E. - 11,000 B.C.E. Gonnersdorf (Germany) Open air site yields many engravings and artifacts.
14,220 B.C.E. - 12,400 B.C.E. Debra L. Friedkin (USA) 15,000 lithic artifacts including 56 distinct tools.
14,000 B.C.E. Northern Hemisphere Ice Sheet; Is melting at a faster rate.
14,000 B.C.E. Jomon Pottery (Japan)(Lake Anenuma - Honshu) Hand formed from clay and fibers.
14,000 B.C.E. - 500 C.E. Jomon Culture (Japan) 7 distinct cultural phases over 15,000 years.
14,000 B.C.E. - 13,000 B.C.E. Topper Site (USA) Pre-Clovis site. Bifacial flaking on points.
14,000 B.C.E. - 12,000 B.C.E. Gault Site (USA) Pre-Clovis & Clovis occupations through to 5600 B.C.E.
14,000 B.C.E. Arctic Fox Teeth Necklace (Russia) Zaraysk site. 36 teeth in total.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,900 B.C.E. - 10,450 B.C.E. Fukui Cave (Japan) 3 cultural layers, all Incipient Jomon tradition.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,500 B.C.E. - 11,100 B.C.E. Meiendorf (Germany) Settlement of reindeer hunters. Hamburgian culture.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,500 B.C.E. - 12,000 B.C.E. Venuses of Petersfels (Germany) [18] figures mostly carved from Mineraloid Jet.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,500 B.C.E. - 12,000 B.C.E. Petersfels (Germany) Over 15,000 bone and flint artifacts.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,500 B.C.E. +/- 3500 years. Venus of Parabita I & II (Italy) Made from auroch bone.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,500 B.C.E. +/- 500 years. Venus of Mas d'Azil (France) Horse incisor root dictates shape.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,500 B.C.E. Buttermilk Creek (Texas USA) Pre-Clovis occupation. 15,528 stone artifacts.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,200 B.C.E, Lake Tandou Skull (Australia) Found in lake bed with shell midden.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,000 B.C.E. Mezhirich House Dnepr River (Ukraine) Mammoth house made from 70 tons of bones. Art as well.
Glacial to W. & W. 13,000 B.C.E. - 11,000 B.C.E. Roc-aux-Sorciers (France) Amazing wall carvings and other artifacts.
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13,000 B.C.E. - 10,000 B.C.E. Late Glacial Maximum Accelerated deglaciation over the next 3000 years.
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13,000 B.C.E. - 11,000 B.C.E. Glacial Lake Missoula (Western USA) A glacial flood that created the Scablands.
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13,000 B.C.E. Pre-Clovis Man Evidence in America Migrated across from Siberia or Solutrean from Europe?
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13,000 B.C.E. +/- 1000 years. Venus of Kesslerloch (Switzerland) An unfinished piece of Jet.
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13,000 B.C.E. Venus of Engen (Switzerland) Jet Lignite (semi-precious) stone figurine.
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13,000 B.C.E. +/- 1500 years Venuses of Gonnersdorf (Germany) [17] Antler and Bone female figurines.
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13,000 B.C.E. - 9000 B.C.E. Natufian Culture (Middle East) Dorothy Garrod coined term for Epipaleolithic culture.
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13,000 B.C.E. Wadi Hammeh 27 (Jordan) Natufian Settlement. To 11,000 B.C.E.
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12,900 B.C.E. Venus of Neuchatel-Monruz (Switzerland) Pendant made from Jet.
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12,900 B.C.E. Venus figure of Courbet (France) Figure is carved with a woman in a seated position.
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12,700 B.C.E. Gough's Cave (England) Ritual drinking cup skulls. 11,000 B.C.E. Mammoth carving.
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12,500 B.C.E. Sahara Desert (Africa) 500 years of W.& W. Weather has altered the desert savannah to lush green.
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12,500 B.C.E. - 12,000 B.C.E. Paisley Caves (USA) 14 coprolites that date to this time range. Baskets and cordage.
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12,500 B.C.E. Meadowcroft Rockshelter (USA) Pre-Clovis site in Pennsylvania. Unfluted bifacial points.
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12,500 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus Impudique (Immodest Venus) (France) 1st figurine found in France (1864).
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12,500 B.C.E. Venus of Yeliseevichi (Russia) Carved from mammoth tusk. Found under a pile of mammoth skulls.
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12,110 B.C.E. +/- 150 years Venus with Goitre (Grimaldi)(Italy) Ivory carving with odd features (neck, breasts & legs).
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12,000 B.C.E. La Marche Engravings (France) Human head portraits carved on stones.
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12,000 B.C.E. The Sorcerer Cave Painting (France)(Ariege) A cult object. Great Spirit or Shaman.
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12,000 B.C.E. Venus of Roc-aux-Sorciers (France) Distinct vulva and torso wall carvings.
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12,000 B.C.E. +/- 1500 years. Venus of La Madeleine (France) First thought to be a dagger blade or chisel.
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12,000 B.C.E. +/- 1500 years. Venus left & right wall of La Madeleine (France) Reclining pose for both engravings.
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12,000 B.C.E. +/- 2500 years. Venus of Placard (France) A blade with a vulva carved in the handle.
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12,000 B.C.E. Pikimachay Cave (Peru) Oldest plant remains of a bottle gourd. Stone points & choppers.
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12,000 B.C.E. Ain Mallaha (Syria) Natufian Settlement. To 10,000 B.C.E.
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12,000 B.C.E. Natufian Tool Kit (Jordan) Slingshot stones, flint spearheads, grain sickle & gazelle toe bones.
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12,000 B.C.E. Monte Verde (Chile) Small band of people inhabited the area.
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11,850 B.C.E. Manis Mastodon (USA) Mastodon skeleton with a mastodon bone point embedded in a rib.
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11,300 B.C.E. - 9500 B.C.E. Tell Abu Hureyra I (Syria) Natufian Settlement. Semi-subterranean huts.
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11,000 B.C.E. Comet over Canada-Boom N.A. wide fire storm. Wipes out megafauna. Instant Glacial conditions.
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11,000 B.C.E. - 6200 B.C.E. Glacial Lake Agassiz (Canada) Multiple floods raise sea levels globally. (Flood Myths).
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11,000 B.C.E. - 9500 B.C.E. Younger Dryas (Northern Hemisphere) Abrupt climate change. Ice core evidence.
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11,000 B.C.E. Carbon 14 Reversal IV: Serge in radiocarbon affects dating +/- up to 2000 years.
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11,000 B.C.E. Magnetic Field (Earth) wavers again.
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11,000 B.C.E. Rouffignac Cave Paintings (France)(St. C. de Reilhac) Baby's hand. Child painting.
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11,000 B.C.E. Hallan Cemi (Turkey) Natufian Settlement. To 9300 B.C.E.
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11,000 B.C.E. Iwo Eleru Skull (Nigeria) ?Homo Sapien/Erectus/Heidelbergensis/Rhodesiensis/hybrid?
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11,000 B.C.E. Big Eddy Site (USA) Clovis to 1500 C.E.. Continual occupation for 13,000 to 14,000 years.
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11,000 B.C.E. - 6000 B.C.E. Aki Site (USA) 5000 year Clovis & Folsom occupation.
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10,800 B.C.E. Creswell Crags Caves (England) The Ochre Horse carved on a bone.
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10,700 B.C.E. Tell Qaramel (Syria): Natufian Settlement. To 9400 B.C.E.
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10,600 B.C.E. Mureybet (Syria): Natufian Settlement. To 8000 B.C.E.
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10,500 B.C.E. The Two Reindeer (France) Mammoth tusk carved to depict two reindeer swimming.
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10,500 B.C.E. Ramah Bay Labrador Spear Point found in Vermont (USA-Canada) Watercraft is the only explanation.
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10,400 B.C.E. Venus of Las Caldas (Spain) Head of an Ibex and female genitals.
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10,260 B.C.E. +/- 40 years. Pedra Furada (Brazil) Three teeth dated (1987 find - Garrincho).
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10,150 B.C.E. - 7000 B.C.E. Hatula Site (Israel) Natufian site with burial evidence practises.
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10,100 B.C.E. - 9750 B.C.E. Guitarrero Cave (Peru) Date for woven mat. 53 pieces of knotted cord.
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10,000 B.C.E. - 8000 B.C.E. Warm Mineral Springs (USA) Florida site with 20 Paleo-Indian skeletal remains.
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10,000 B.C.E. Oldest Map in the World? (Ukraine)(Mezhirich) Inscribed on a mammoth tusk, dwellings/river.
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10,000 B.C.E. Venus of Monruz/Neuchatel (Switzerland) Black Jet Lignite (semi-precious) stone figurine.
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10,000 B.C.E. - 6000 B.C.E. All (14) Skulls (Brazil) Non-Mongoloid. After 7000 B.C.E. all skulls are Mongoloid.
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10,000 B.C.E. Yonaguni Monument (Japan) Artificial or natural formation? Made when sea level was lower-Yes!
10,000 B.C.E. 10,000 B.C.E. 4 Million Homo Sapiens inhabit the planet. (Some estimate of only 1.3 Million)
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9900 B.C.E. Ayers Pond (USA) Evidence of a butchered buffalo.
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9750 B.C.E. - 7400 B.C.E. Lapa do Santo Petroglyph (Brazil) Engraved anthropomorphic figure.
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9700 B.C.E. End of Pleistocene / Start of Holocene - Interglacial Period.
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9670 B.C.E. - 9330 B.C.E. Upward Sun River Mouth Site (USA) Alaskan site with burnt remains of a child.
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9600 B.C.E. - 8200 B.C.E. Wadi Fayan 16 (Jordan) Settlement. 1 communal building, 2 storehouses.
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9600 B.C.E. Dahra (Jordan): Settlement. To 9200 B.C.E.
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9600 B.C.E. Jericho (West Bank): Settlement. Monumental Architecture. Ritual Art. To 7500 B.C.E.
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9600 B.C.E. - 3000 B.C.E. Backwater Draw (USA) Clovis, Folsom, Portales & Archaic occupation.
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9600 B.C.E. Gobekli Tepe (Turkey): Religious complex of stone pillars. Monumental archeological site.
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9550 B.C.E. +/- 200 years. Midland Skull (USA) Other artifacts found in same strata reveal similar carbon dates.
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9500 B.C.E. Eight Founding Crops (Fertile Crescent) flax, wheat (3 types), barley, peas, lentils, bitter vetch.
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9500 B.C.E. Nemrik (Iraq): Settlement. To 7200 B.C.E.
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9500 B.C.E. Luzia (Brazil) Facial reconstruction demonstrates distinctly female Negroid features. Not Mongoloid.
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9300 B.C.E. Jerf el Ahmar (Syria): Settlement. To 8900 B.C.E.
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9200 B.C.E. - 3700 B.C.E. Norte Chico (Chile) Settlement. Monumental Architecture. Fish diet. No Agriculture.
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9000 B.C.E. Clovis Radio Carbon Date (North America) The average date compiled from 15 sites (D. Stanford).
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9000 B.C.E. - 6000 B.C.E. Santana do Riacho (Brazil) 40 skeletons that are non-Mongoloid. Negroid African traits.
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9000 B.C.E. Ain Sakhi Lovers (Israel) Figurine carved from calcite. Phallic representation of copulation.
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9000 B.C.E. Friesack (Germany) Frequently used site by hunter gatherers. 140,000 artifacts, fish nets, etc.
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9000 B.C.E American Megafauna Mastodons, Mammoths, Smilodon, Ground Sloths are extinct by this epoch.
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9000 B.C.E. Pulli - Kunda Culture (Estonia) Settlement. Flint tools, arrowheads, bone fish hooks, dog tooth.
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9000 B.C.E. La Brea Woman (U.S.A.) Woman found with dog in the Lea Brea Tar Pits Los Angeles.
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9000 B.C.E. Charlie Lake Cave (Canada) Evidence of south to north migration. Following bison herds.
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9000 B.C.E. - 8000 B.C.E. Vermilion Lake (Canada) Lithic artifacts and a site used for many years.
9,000 B.C.E. 9000 B.C.E. Dendrochronology Limit (Germany) Dating science used to date river oaks in Main & Rhine rivers.
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8770 B.C.E. Star Carr (England) Mesolithic site. England's oldest structure. Hunting site used to 8460 B.C.E.
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8700 B.C.E. +/- 80 years Toca dos Coqueiros Burial (Brazil) Grave of a man, with date taken from hair with a flea.
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8660 B.C.E. +/- 100 years The Buhl Burial (USA) Well preserved 17 to 21 year old female Mongoloid Paleo-Indian.
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8600 B.C.E. Nevali Cori (Turkey): Settlement. Monumental Architecture. Ritual Art. To 7700 B.C.E.
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8500 B.C.E. Aswad (Syria): Settlement. Head removing and cleaning for burial. Over 100 individuals found.
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8500 B.C.E. Cramond (Scotland) Habituated by nomadic hunter gatherers.
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8500 B.C.E. Cayonu (Turkey): Settlement. Plant & Animal Domestication. Ritual Art. To 6300 B.C.E.
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8400 B.C.E. Ain Ghazal (Jordan): Settlement. Plant & Animal Domestication. Ritual Art. To 6200 B.C.E.
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8200 B.C.E. Beidha (Jordan): Settlement. To 7500 B.C.E.
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8200 B.C.E Gobekli Tepe (Turkey): 15 to 20 stone circles. Covered over. All Fall and no Rise. 90,000 Cu/m site.
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8040 B.C.E. - 7510 B.C.E. Pesse Canoe (Netherlands) Dugout canoe. Replica was built and paddled.
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8000 B.C.E. Mesolithic Postholes (England) Near Stonehenge site. Early wooden ritual structure.
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8000 B.C.E. Abu Hureyra II (Syria): Settlement. Plant & Animal Domestication. To 7000 B.C.E.
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8000 B.C.E. Koelbjerj Woman (Denmark) oldest known bog body. Many more B.C.E. bog bodies on record.
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8000 B.C.E. Sawankhalok (Thailand) Kilns and artifacts.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. - 7000 B.C.E. Sea Level Rises Globally by 50ft over a 1000 year Epoch. 500 + Flood story foundations.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. Glyptodon (South America) Large 10 ft long shell used as a shelter. Hunted to extinction.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. +/- 2000 years Borax Lake Site (USA) Clovis site that has been poorly dated & excavated.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. Tepexpan Man (Mexico) Skeleton found near mammoth remains.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. Tassili n'Ajjer Caves (Algeria) 15,000 engravings and paintings of everyday life.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. - 7500 B.C.E. Plain Clay Tokens (Fertile Crescent) Several sites with evidence of token counters.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. - 4000 B.C.E. Knossos (Crete) Neolithic occupations that grew from 200 to around 1000 people.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. Great Bear Lake (Canada) Spear points found to be similar to southwestern USA styles.
Warm & Wet
8000 B.C.E. Ganj Dareh (Iran) Kurdistan area site reveals oldest evidence for goat domestication.
8,000 B.C.E. 8000 B.C.E. 5 Million Homo Sapiens inhabit the planet.
Warm & Wet
7900 B.C.E. Olsen-Chubbuck Bison Kill Site (Colorado USA) Paleo-Indian site used to 6500/6000 B.C.E.
Warm & Wet
7780 B.C.E. +/- 60 years Tongass Cave (USA-Alaska) Human jaw bone and three other artifacts.
Warm & Wet
7620 B.C.E. +/- 140 years. Dame d'Antoniao (Brazil) Robust female skeleton (Toca da Janela).
Warm & Wet
7600 B.C.E. Kennewick Man (USA- WSH state) Skeleton that is more closely related to Ainu/Polynesian descent.
Warm & Wet
7600 B.C.E. Howick House (England) Hearth and signs of nut roasting. Large post hole interpreted as permanent.
Warm & Wet
7750 B.C.E. Garrincho Cave (Brazil) Robust fragment of human skull and 2 robust incisors.
Warm & Wet
7575 B.C.E. Combe Capelle (France) Skull of the transitional Epipaleolithic man.
Warm & Wet
7500 B.C.E. - 5500 B.C.E Lapa do Santo Rock Shelter (Brazil) 27 human burials.
Warm & Wet
7500 B.C.E. Ali Kosh (Iran): Settlement. To 6000 B.C.E.
Warm & Wet
7500 B.C.E. Jarmo (Iraq): Settlement. To 6000 B.C.E.
Current Climate
7400 B.C.E. Spirit Cave Mummy (USA) Facial reconstruction looks very Caucasian. Twine mat shroud on body.
Current Climate
7400 B.C.E. Tell Abu Hureyra II (Syria) Transitional Settlement grew to an estimated 4000 to 6000 villagers.
Current Climate
7400 B.C.E. - 5600 B.C.E. Belbasi Culture (Turkey) Settlement. Transitional to agriculture. Rock paintings.
Current Climate
7400 B.C.E. - 6200 B.C.E. Catal Hoyuk (Turkey): Settlement. Plant & Animal Domestication. 5000 inhabitants.
Current Climate
7200 B.C.E. Wizards Beach Skeletal Remains (USA) Very sturdy man who ate very well.
Current Climate
7200 B.C.E. Hohen Viechein (Germany) Unfinished hourglass shaped rock. Two artifacts.
Current Climate
7200 B.C.E. Bay of Cambay (India) Side scan sonar reveals the foundations of two cities over five square miles.
Current Climate
7150 B.C.E. Cheddar Man Gough's Cave (England) oldest complete skeleton in Britain.
Current Climate
7100 B.C.E. - 6150 B.C.E. Tepe Asiab (Iran) Settlement. Plant & Animal Domestication. Intermittent inhabitants.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. - 5500 B.C.E. Mehrgarh (Pakistan) early site. Later period 5500 B.C.E. to 2600/2000 B.C.E. Abandoned.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. Doggerland (Scotland, Ireland & England) are no longer connected to Europe. The new islands form.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. Dwarka (India) Underwater remains of a city. Wood, pottery, hearths, and stone structures.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. Henan (China) Evidence in pottery shards reveals the presence of fermented rice, honey & fruit.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. - 6000 B.C.E. Alby People (Sweden) Fishing, hunter gatherers and wooden hut Settlement.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. - 4800 B.C.E. Lepenski Vir (Serbia) 1 large & 10 small Settlements. Geometrically similar architecture.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. Noyen-sur-Seine Canoe (France) Second oldest known boat.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. Mount Sandal (Northern Ireland) 6 circular huts and one smaller structure.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. Ythan Estuary (Scotland) River estuary Settlement. Hearth structures and other artifacts.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. - 1500 B.C.E. L'Anse Amour (Canada) Settlement. Funeral mounds and 5000 years of occupation.
Current Climate
7000 B.C.E. - 6000 B.C.E. Plastered Human Skulls (Levant) Several skulls. Pre-Pottery Neolithic ritual.
7,000 B.C.E. 7000 B.C.E. - 5800 B.C.E. Jiahu Culture (China)(Wuyang) Site abandon because of flood.
Current Climate
6900 B.C.E. - 6300 B.C.E. Atlit-Yam (Israel) 30ft of water, stone structures and a well. Abandoned suddenly.
Current Climate
6700 B.C.E. - 5600 B.C.E Lepenski Vir (Serbia) Cone-shaped huts. Abstract engraving (human fish face).
Current Climate
6600 B.C.E. Earliest Attempt at Writing (Possibly) (China)(Hefei) Symbols inscribed on Tortoise Shells.
Current Climate
6500 B.C.E. ^ 11,000 B.C.E. Kow Swamp 1 (Australia) Ceremonial burial site used for 5000 years. 9 other remains.
Current Climate
6500 B.C.E. - 1200 B.C.E. Dikili Tash (Greece) Settlement Several occupations over 5500 years.
Current Climate
6350 B.C.E. +/- 115 years Gore Creek Skeleton (Canada) No skull of a very tall and slender individual.
Current Climate
6300 B.C.E. Mt. Etna (Sicily) Eruption causes a 120ft high tsunami. Atlit Yam's sudden abandonment - plausible.
Current Climate
6000 B.C.E. Bouldnor Cliff - Solent (England) Divers have found in 30ft of water remains of wooden buildings.
Current Climate
6000 B.C.E. Dufuna Canoe (Nigeria) Third oldest known boat.
Current Climate
6000 B.C.E. The Plow (Mesopotamia/India) The animal driven plow most likely invented around this time.
Current Climate
6000 B.C.E. Taperinha Pottery (Brazil) Pottery used for cooking and plant cultivation.
Current Climate
6000 B.C.E. - 2000 B.C.E. Marmes Rockshelter (USA) Remains of 12 individuals with sketchy dating.
6,000 B.C.E. 6000 B.C.E Nineveh - Kouyunjik (Iraq) Early Settlement that evolves to a 15 gate walled city by 3000 B.C.E.
Current Climate
5900 B.C.E. Vinca Culture (Serbia) The Lady of Vinca terracotta figurine. 10 sites of artifacts to 4200 B.C.E.
Current Climate
5600 B.C.E. - 3900 B.C.E. Ubaid Culture (Sumer Mesopotamia) Early pottery/clay figurines/stamp seals/trade.
Current Climate
5600 B.C.E. Mediterranean Floods Black Sea House Beam & Freshwater mollusks found at 300ft. Carbon D"+"
Current Climate
5500 B.C.E. Copper Smelting (Serbia)(Plocnik) Evidence of the oldest Copper smelting hearth.
Current Climate
5500 B.C.E. - 1000 B.C.E. Congdon I, II, III (USA) habitation debris, cremated human remains and artifacts.
Current Climate
5500 B.C.E. - 3500 B.C.E. Megiddo (Israel) Traces of an early occupation before the renaissance of this site.
Current Climate
5350 B.C.E. - 4900 B.C.E. Bylany (Czech Rep.) Settlement with 25 phases of occupation. 130 wooden long houses.
Current Climate
5250 B.C.E. Hookworm Eggs in Coprolites (Brazil) Could only arrive in S.A. from a tropical source. Africa or Oceania.
Current Climate
5030 B.C.E. - 4250 B.C.E. Wapekeka Skeletal Remains (Canada) Briefly studied. Site buried by airport.
Current Climate
5000 B.C.E. +/- 500 years Thinker of Cernavoda (Romania) Terracotta sculpture of man with head in his hands.
Current Climate
5000 B.C.E. +/- 500 yrs Seated Woman of Cernavoda (Romania) Terracotta sculpture found with the above artifact.
Current Climate
5000 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E. City of Ur (Iraq) Flimsy huts are the precursor to an infamous city of Mesopotamia.
5,000 B.C.E. 5000 B.C.E. Minoan Civilization (Crete) Early advanced agriculture. Pre-palatial. Great culture rising.
Current Climate
4900 B.C.E. - 4700 B.C.E. Goseck (Germany) Lunar calendar observatory constructed of poles and ditches.
Current Climate
4800 B.C.E. - 3000 B.C.E. Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture (Romania - Ukraine) Neolithic to Bronze Age evidence.
Current Climate
4550 B.C.E. Coteau-du-Lac Skeletal Remains (Canada) Remains were covered in red ocher.
Current Climate
4500 B.C.E. - 4000 B.C.E. Varna (Bulgaria) 300 graves and some with gold artifacts. 990 in one grave alone.
Current Climate
4500 B.C.E. - 3300 B.C.E. Carnac Stones (France) 3000 arranged stones. Only 700 still standing. Pre-Celtic culture.
Current Climate
4500 B.C.E. - 3000 B.C.E. Vinca Cross Figurine (Serbia) Votive figure found in a burial mound.
Current Climate
4004 B.C.E. Biblical Genesis (The Old Testament Creation Story) Staunch Creationist's Claim - Age of World?
Current Climate
4000 B.C.E. - 3500 B.C.E. Sechin Alto (Peru) Pre Inca Settlement.
Current Climate
4000 B.C.E. - 1000 B.C.E. Swiss Lake Dwellings (Switzerland) Hanging pots and axe handles. Post and platforms.
Current Climate
4000 B.C.E. - 3650 B.C.E. Monte d'Accoddi (Italy) A step pyramid / alter or temple?
Current Climate
4000 B.C.E. Mesopotamia/Fertile Crescent (Iraq) The land is lush, but will be turned to desert by 2800 B.C.E.
Current Climate
4000 B.C.E. The DeMoss Site (USA) Remains old 22 individuals and 236 burial blades.
Current Climate
4000 B.C.E. Milton-Thomazi Skeleton (Canada) Oldest remains found in Ontario. Where are they now?
4,000 B.C.E. 4000 B.C.E. 7 Million Homo Sapiens inhabit the planet.
Current Climate
3900 B.C.E. - 3100 B.C.E. Uruk Culture (Sumer Mesopotamia) Plow/wheel cart/early cuneiform/protoliterate.
Current Climate
3900 B.C.E. 5.9 Kiloyear Event (Equatorial Mostly) Aridification initiated the Sahara Desert.
Current Climate
3840 B.C.E. - 3600 B.C.E. Post Track & Sweet Track Causeway (England)(Somerset) remnants of wooden track.
Current Climate
3800 B.C.E. - 3600 B.C.E. Mass Grave (Syria)(Tell Brak).
Current Climate
3700 B.C.E. - 1500 B.C.E. (+/-) Stone Circles (United Kingdom) Over 1000 sites created. Exact dating a challenge.
Current Climate
3700 B.C.E. - 2600 B.C.E. Minoan Culture (Crete) Wiped out by a natural disaster. Flood cause by tsunami.
Current Climate
3600 B.C.E. - 2300 B.C.E. Yamna Culture (Ukraine) Nomadic culture with modest agricultural practices.
Current Climate
3600 B.C.E. Ggantija (Malta) Megalithic Temple. Mnajdra Solar Temple with stone benches and tables.
Current Climate
3500 B.C.E. Megiddo (Israel) Temples and palaces. Walled city that went through many redevelopments.
Current Climate
3400 B.C.E. - 400 C.E. Crescent Beach I, II, III (Canada) 18 burials found in middens / phases spanning 4000 years.
Current Climate
3350 B.C.E. Ljubljana Marshes Wheel (Slovenia) Oldest wheel and axle artifact.
Current Climate
3300 B.C.E. Iceman of the Alps- Otzi (Austria) Corpse had blackened lungs, worn teeth, frostbitten toes.
Current Climate
3300 B.C.E. - 2800 B.C.E. Astuvansalmi (Finland) Settlement, rock paintings, Ukko & Akka amber statuettes.
Current Climate
3200 B.C.E. - 2300 B.C.E. Los Millares (Spain) Settlement of 1000 people. Wall city and copper smelting center.
Current Climate
3100 B.C.E. - 1600 B.C.E. Stonehenge (England) Monument had multiple variations of construction schemes.
Current Climate
3100 B.C.E. - 2500 B.C.E. Skara Brae (Scotland) Flagstone construction settlement of farmers and fishers.
Current Climate
3050 B.C.E. Narmer Palette (Egypt) Egypt's 1st Pharaoh that unified the north and south. 1st Dynasty.
Current Climate
3000 B.C.E. Temple of Tarxien (Malta) Colossal female statue. Megalithic structures and alters.
Current Climate
3000 B.C.E. Newgrange (Ireland) Large megalithic tomb. Advanced architecture. Cruciform burial chambers.
Current Climate
3000 B.C.E. - 400 C.E. The Nine Cities of Troy (Turkey) Numerous finds. King Priam's treasure. Gold sauceboat.
Current Climate
3000 B.C.E. - 1750 B.C.E. Tell Asmar (Iraq) Akkadian votive statuettes praying to the god Abu.
Current Climate
3000 B.C.E. - 1600 B.C.E. Ebla Tell Mardikh (Syria) 18,000 complete and fragmented tablets at palace G.
Current Climate
3000 B.C.E. - 2000 B.C.E. The Lost Pyramids of Caral (Peru) No battlements. Flutes & Drug Use. 1000 yrs of peace.
Current Climate
3000 B.C.E. - 1900 B.C.E. Grimes Graves (England) Deer antlers and wooden shovels pit mined 60 tons of flint.
3,000 B.C.E. 3000 B.C.E. 14 Million Homo Sapiens inhabit the planet.
Current Climate
From 3000 B.C.E. to the time of Jesus, the extent of archeological discoveries increases exponentially.
Current Climate
My efforts to fill in this portion of the Timeline will be a work in progress. I am more interested in filling in
Current Climate
the 300,000 B.C.E. to 3000 B.C.E. Epoch with Sites, Artifacts and other Climate and Glacial Epoch information.
Current Climate
2600 B.C.E. - 1800 B.C.E. Mohenjo Daro (Pakistan) 100,000 resident city. Buddhist stupa/public baths/"Toilets".
Current Climate
2600 B.C.E. Mohenjo-Daro (Pakistan) large orderly planned Settlement. (bronze Dancing Girl statuette).
Current Climate
2600 B.C.E. Enmebaragesi (Iraq) verifiable king on the "Sumerian King List". He is in the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Current Climate
2200 B.C.E. - 440 B.C.E. Athenian Agora (Greece) Temples and famous statues. Roots of democracy in later years.
Current Climate
2000 B.C.E. Bush Barrow (England) Burial mound site. 400 in the Wiltshire area. Gold ornaments of the elite.
Current Climate
2000 B.C.E. - 100 C.E. Babylon (Iraq) Cultural and economic center of Mesopotamia. Nebuchadnezzar's Gate.
Current Climate
2000 B.C.E. - 100 B.C.E. Stone Statues of the Steppes (Siberia) Hundreds of them. Saber shape & Face in middle.
Current Climate
2000 B.C.E. - 1400 C.E. Hohokam, Anasazi, Mogollon Culture (USA-Mexico) Agrarian Villages/Canals/Irrigation.
Current Climate
2000 B.C.E. - 1 B.C.E. The Atlatl Site (USA) Estimates of 5000 burials at this site.
2,000 B.C.E. 2000 B.C.E. 27 Million Homo Sapiens inhabit the planet.
Current Climate
1900 B.C.E. Anyang Elite Burial (China) Oldest surviving fermented alcohol found in a bronze vessel.
Current Climate
1830 B.C.E. First Babylonian Dynasty (11 - Kings) Babylon sacked in 1530 B.C.E.
Current Climate
1800 B.C.E. - 1600 B.C.E. The Land of Cities (Russia) Sintashe River, 20 fortified centers. Chariot & horse burial.
Current Climate
1700 B.C.E. - 400 B.C.E. Olmec Civilization (Mexico) Complex projects, pyramids, political government, blood letting.
Current Climate
1700 B.C.E. Knossos (Crete) Settlement and palace destroyed by earthquake. Faience snake goddess figurines.
Current Climate
1630 B.C.E. Akrotiri (Greece) Two & three storey homes preserved by a volcanic eruption. Wall paintings.
Current Climate
1600 B.C.E. - 500 B.C.E. Lapita Culture (Polynesia/Micronesia) Pacific Islands habitation expansion.
Current Climate
1600 B.C.E. Shaft Graves of Mycenae (Greece) Very rich male and female adornments & artifacts in graves.
Current Climate
1365 B.C.E. - 967 B.C.E. Flag Fen (England) 60,000 timbers in five very long rows. Dendrochronological Dating.
Current Climate
1305 B.C.E. Uluburun Shipwreck (Turkey) Cargo's origins - Northern Europe to Africa (149 Canaanite Jars) etc.
Current Climate
1290 B.C.E. Tomb of Priestess Henutmehyt (Egypt) Sycamore box full of mummified whole ducks and meat.
Current Climate
1200 B.C.E. - 1000 B.C.E. Teouma Site (Vanuatu) Oldest cemetery in Pacific Islands. 36 individuals.
Current Climate
1200 B.C.E. - 800 B.C.E. Las Capas Canal/Irrigation System (USA) Tucson Arizona. Destroyed by huge flood.
1,000 B.C.E. 1000 B.C.E. 50 Million Homo Sapiens inhabit the planet.
Current Climate
800 B.C.E. Imperial Fora of Rome (Italy) The Roman city founded by Romulus. The birth of the Roman Empire.
Current Climate
700 B.C.E. Delphi (Greece) Sanctuary on the slopes of Mt. Parnassus. Doric Temple of Apollo. Re-built twice.
Current Climate
700 B.C.E. +/- 300 years. Augustine Burial Mound (Canada) Twine woven mat shrouds the skull cap
Current Climate
700 B.C.E. Biskupin (Poland) Fortified Settlement. 13 rows of houses. Timber streets. Ramparts & Gate.
Current Climate
600 B.C.E. Hochdorf (Germany) Celtic Chief's burial mound. Never robbed. Bronze recliner and gold objects.
Current Climate
600 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E. Tombs of Tarquina (Italy) Exquisite tomb paintings. Sarcophagus of a deceased woman.
Current Climate
500 B.C.E. The Dogs of Askelon (Israel) Remains of 800 dogs. Careful positioning suggests religious practice.
Current Climate
450 B.C.E. The Parthenon (Greece) Temple of the goddess Athena. Lavishly decorated with paintings & statues.
Current Climate
450 B.C.E. Statue of the Greek God Poseidon (Greece) Possibly created by the sculpturer Kalamis.
Current Climate
400 B.C.E. Scythian Gold Horse & Rider (Kul-Oba Russia) A Chiefs burial artifact. Finely worked gold.
Current Climate
220 B.C.E. - 5 C.E. Pyramids of China (China) Over 40 pyramids and mausoleum for many Emperors.
Current Climate
100 B.C.E. Teotihuacan (Mexico) Famous Pyramid and City (pop 125,000) continually built & added to 250 C.E.
Current Climate
1 B.C.E. 170 Million Homo Sapiens inhabit the planet.
1 B.C.E. 1 C.E. 4 C.E. JESUS the Nazarene (Israel) Crucified 28 C.E. or as late as 34 C.E.
Font & Cell Color Codes:
Red - Artifact/Site/Culture/Civilization/Event/ or Other
Green - Venus figurine/JESUS the Nazarene/Interglacial period
Purple - Cave/Rockshelter/Rock Art
Blue - Sea Level/Glacial Period
Bold Black - Something Significant/Sometimes underlined
Cell Colour - Timeline Events & Narratives
Cell Colour - Other Significant Timeline Events & Narratives
Cell Colour - Under the Ocean archaeological site
Cell Colour - Global Temperatures at maximum and minimum
Cell Colour - Very early and/or controversial sites that are outside the orthodox explanation