BOMG MX04
Mounted nomads and sedentary states: from the Huns to the Mongols
Bibliographical guide
Note: this is a relatively full bibliography. While many of the journals and books listed are to be
found in the University main library, a large number are not available here, but may be found in
other libraries, such as the Central Library in Birmingham or your own local or university
library.
I: NOMADIC PASTORALISM
Khazanov, Anatolij N., Nomads and the Outside World (1984)
NA = The Nomadic Alternative:modes and models of interaction in the African-Asian deserts and
steppes, ed. by Wolfgang Weissleder (1978)
PPS = Pastoral Production and Society, ed. by L'Equipe écologique et
anthropologique des sociéteé pastorales (1979)
PTA = Pastoralism in Tropical Africa, ed. by Theodore Monod (1975)
Aberle, David F., The Kinship System of the Kalmuck Mongols (1953)
Asad, Talal, ‘Equality in nomadic social systems? Notes towards the dissolution of an anthropological
category,’ in PPS (1979), 419-428
Asad, Talal, The Kababish Arabs: Power, Authority and Consent in a Nomadic Tribe (1970)
Bacon, Elizabeth, Obok. A Study of Social Structure in Eurasia (1958)
Bacon, E., ‘Types of pastoral nomadism in Central and Southwest Asia’, Southwestern Journal of
Anthropology, 10 (1954), 44-68
Barth, Fredrik. ‘Capital, investment and the social structure of a pastoral nomad group in South Persia,’
in Capital, Saving and Credit in Peasant Societies, ed. by Raymond Firth and B.S. Yamey (1964), 6981
Barth, Fredrik, Nomads of South Persia. The Basseri Tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy (1961)
Barth, Fredrik, Political Leadership Among Swat Pathans (1965)
Bates, D.G., Nomads and Farmers: A Study of the Yoruk of Southeastern Turkey (1973)
Bonte, Pierre, ‘Marxist theory and anthropological analysis: the study of nomadic pastoral societies,’ in
The Anthropology of Pre-capitalist Societies, ed. by Joel S.Kahn and Joseph R.Llobera (1981)
Brown, Leslie H., ‘The biology of pastoral man as a factor in conservation’, Biological Conservation, 3
(1971), 93-100
Burnham, Philip, ‘Spatial mobility and political centralization in pastoral societies’,
in PPS (1979), 349-360
Dahl, Gudrun, ‘Ecology and quality: the Boran case’, in PPS (1979), 261-281
Dahl, Gudrun, Suffering Grass: Subsistence and Society of Waso Borana (1979)
Dahl, Gudrun and Anders Hjort, Having Herds: Pastoral Herd Growth and Household Economy (1979)
The Desert and the Sown: Nomads in the Wider Society, ed. by Cynthia Nelson
(1973)
Digard, Jean-Pierre, ‘The segmental system: native model or anthropological construction? Discussion
of the Iranian example’, in NA (1978), 315-317
Dyson-Hudson, Rada and Neville, ‘Nomadic Pastoralism’, Annual Review of Anthropology , 9 (1980),
15-61
Ekvall, Robert B., Fields on the Hoof: Nexus of Tibetan Nomadic Pastoralism (1968)
1
Ekvall, Robert B., The nomadic pattern of living among the Tibetans as preparation for war’, American
Anthropologist, 63 (1961), 1250-1263
Ekvall, Robert B., ‘Peace and war among the Tibetan nomads’, American Anthropologist, 66 (1964),
1119-1148
Evans-Pritchard, E.E., The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood of a Nilotic People (1940)
Flores-Ochoa, J.A., Pastoralists of the Andes: The Alpaca Herders of Paratia (1979)
Franz, Charles, ‘Contraction and expansion in Nigerian bovine pastoralism’, in PTA (1975), 338-353
The Future of Pastoral Peoples, ed. by John G.Galaty, Dan Aronson, and P.C. Salzman (n.d.)
Glatzer, Bernt and Michael J.Casimir, ‘Herds and households among Pashtun pastoral nomads: limits of
growth’, Ethnology, 23 (1984), 307-325
Goldschmidt, Walter, ‘A general model for pastoral social systems’, in PPS (1979),
15-27
Goldschmidt, W., ‘Independence as an element in pastoral social systems’, Anthropological Quarterly,
44 (1971), 132-142
Gulliver, P.H., The Family Herds: A Study of Two Pastoral Tribes in East Africa, the Jie and the
Turkana (1955)
Gulliver, P.H., ‘Nomadic movements: causes and implications,’ in: PTA (1975), 369-386
Hopen, C.A., The Pastoral Fulbe Family in Gwandu (1958)
Horowitz, Michael M., 'Herdsman and husbandman in Niger: values and strategies,’ in PTA (1975),
387-405
Hudson, A.E., Kazak Social Structure (1938)
Hultin, Jan, ‘Political structure and the development of inequality among the Macha
Oromo’, in PPS (1979), 283-293
Humphrey, Caroline, ‘The uses of genealogy: a historical study of the nomadic and
sedentarised Buryat,’ in PPS (1979), 235-260
Irons, William, ‘Political stratification among pastoral nomads’, in PPS (1979), 361-374
Irons, William, The Yomut Turkmen: A Study of Social Organization among a Central Asian Turkicspeaking population (1975)
Jacobs, Alan H., ‘Maasai pastoralism in historical perspective’, in PTA (1975), 406-425
Johnson, Douglas L., The Nature of Nomadism. A Comparative Study of Pastoral Migrations in
Southwestern Asia and Northern Africa (1969)
Khazanov, A.M., ‘Characteristic features of nomadic communities in the Eurasian steppes’, in NA
(1978), 119-126
Krader, Lawrence, ‘Ecology of Central Asian pastoralism’, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 11/4
(Winter 1955), 301-326
Krader, L., ‘The ecology of nomadic pastoralism’, International Social Science Journal, 11/4 (1959),
499-510
Krader, L., Peoples of Central Asia (1963)
Krader L., ‘Principles and structures in the organization of the Asiatic steppe-pastoralists’, Southwestern
Journal of Anthropology, 11/2 (Summer 1955), 67-92
Krader, L., Social Organization of the Mongol-Turkic Pastoral Nomads (1963)
Krader, L., ‘Pastoralism’, in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol.11, 453-461
Leeds, Anthony, ‘Reindeer herding and Chukchi social institutions’, in Man, Culture, and Animals, ed.
by Anthony Leeds and Andrew P.Vayda (1965), 87-128
Lefebvre, Claude, ‘Introduction: the specificity of nomadic pastoral societies’, in PPS (1979), 1-14
Lewis, I.M., ‘The dynamics of nomadism’: prospects for sedentarization and social change’, in PTA
(1975), 426-442
Lewis, I.M., A Pastoral Democracy (1961)
Lindholm, Charles, ‘Kinship structure and political authority: the Middle East and Central Asia’,
Comparative Studies in Society and History, 28/2 (April 1986), 334-355
Lindner, Rudi Paul, ‘What was a nomadic tribe?’, Compartive Studies in Society and History, 24
(1982), 689-711
Livingstone, Ian, ‘Economic irrationality among pastoral peoples: myth or reality?’, Development and
Change, 8 (1977), 209-230
Man, Culture and Animals, ed. by Anthony Leeds and Andrew P.Vayda (1965)
Markov, G.E., ‘Problems of social change among the Asiatic nomads’, in NA (1978), 305-311
Marx, Emmanuel, ‘The ecology and politics of nomadic pastoralists in the Middle East’, in NA (1978),
41-74
2
Marx, E., ‘The tribe as a unit of subsistence: nomadic pastoralism in the Near East’, American
Anthropologist, 79 (1977), 343-363
Marx, E., ‘Back to the problem of tribe’, American Anthropologist, 81 (1979), 124-125
Monod, Theodore, ‘Introduction’, in PTA (1975), 3-98 (French), 99-183 (English)
Norton, Brien E., ‘The management of desert grazing systems’, in The Politics of Natural Disaster: The
Case of the Sahel Drought, ed. by Michael H.Glantz (1976), 256-266
Nyerges, A. Endre, ‘Pastoralists, flocks and vegetation: processes of co-adaptation’, in Desertification
and Development: Dryland Ecology in Social Perspective, ed. by Brian Spooner and H.S.Mann (1982),
217-247
Oberling, P., The Qashqa'i Nomads of Fars (1974)
Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia, ed. by L.S.Leshnik and G.-D Sontheimer (1975)
Pastner, S., ‘Camels, sheep and nomad social organisation: a comment on Rubel's model’, Man (N.S.),
6 (1971), 285-288
Patai, Raphael, ‘Nomadism: Middle Eastern and Central Asian’, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology,
7 (1951), 401-414
Perspectives on Nomadism, ed. by W.Irons and N.Dyson-Hudson (1972)
Peters, E.L. ‘Some structural aspects of the feud among the camel-herding Bedouin of Cyrenaica’,
Africa, 37 (1967), 261-282
de Planhol, Xavier, ‘Geography, politics and nomadism in Anatolia’, International Social Science
Journal, 11 (1959), 525-531
Rigby, Peter, ‘Olpul and entorof’: the economy of sharing among the pastoral Baraguyu of Tanzania,’ in
PPS (1979), 329-347
Rubel, Paula, ‘Herd composition and social structure: on building models of nomadic pastoral
societies’, Man (N.S.) 4 (1969), 268-273
Rubel, Paula, The Kalmyk Mongols (1967)
Sahlins, Marshall D., 'The segmentary lineage: an organization of predatory expansion’, American
Anthropologist, 63 (1961), 322-345
Sahlins, Marshall D.,Stone Age Economics (1974)
Sahlins, M.D., Tribesmen (1968)
Sallzman, Philip C., ‘Does complementary opposition exist?’, American Anthropologist, 80 (1978), 5368
Salzman, P.C., ‘Ideology and change in Middle Eastern tribal societies’, Man, 13 (1973), 618-637
Salzman, P.C., Inequality and oppression in nomadic society’, in PPS (1979), 429-446
Salzman, P.C., ‘Movement and resource extraction among pastoral nomads: the case of the Shah
Nawazi Baluch’, Anthropological Quarterly, 44 (1971),185-197
Salzman, P.C., ‘Political organization among nomadic peoples’, Proceedings of the American
Philosophical Society, 111 (1967), 115-131
Salzman, P.C., ‘Tribal organization and subsistence: a response to Emmanuel Marx’, American
Anthropologist, 81 (1979), 121-124
Sandford, Stephen, ‘Pastoral strategies and desertification: opportunitism and conservatism in dry
lands’, in Desertification and Development: Dryland Ecology in Social Perspective, ed. by Brian
Spooner and H.S.Mann (1982), 61-80
Schram, Louis M.J., The Mongols of Afghanistan (1962)
Shahrani, M.Nazif Mohib, The Kirghiz and the Wakhi of Afghanistan (1979)
Shahrani, M.N. ‘Kirghiz pastoral nomads of the Afghan Pamirs: an ecological and ethnographic
overview’, Folk, 18 (1976), 129-143
Spencer, Paul, Nomads in Alliance: Symbiosis and Growth among the Rendille and Samburu of Kenya
(1973)
Spencer, P., The Samburu: A Study of Gerontocracy in a Nomadic Tribe (1965)
Spooner, Brian, The Cultural Ecology of Pastoral Nomads, an Addison-Wesley Module in
Anthropology, No. 45 (9173)
Spooner, B., ‘Toward a generative model of nomadism’, Anthropological Quarterly, 44 (1971), 198210
Sweet, Louise E., ‘Camel raiding of north Arabian Bedouin: a mechanism of ecological adaptation’,
American Anthropologist, 67 (1965), 1132-1150
Sweet, Louise E., ‘Camel pastoralism in North Arabia and the minimal camping unit’, in Man, Culture
and Animals, ed. by Anthony Leeds and Andrew P.Vayda (1965), 129-152
Szynkiewicz, Slawoj, ‘Kinship groups in modern Mongolia’, Ethnnologia Polona, 3 (1977), 31-45
3
Tapper, Richard L., ‘Individual grazing rights and social organization among the Shgahsevan nomads of
Azerbaijan’, in PPS (1979), 95-114
Tapper, R.L., ‘The organization of nomadic communities in pastoral societies in the Middle East’, in
PPS (1979), 43-65
Tribes Without Rulers: Studies in African Segmentary Systems, ed. by John Middleton and David Tait
(1958)
Thomas, E.M., Warrior-Herdsmen (1959)
Torry, W.I., ‘Residence rules among the Gabra nomads: some ecological considerations’, Ethnology, 15
(1978), 269-285
Vreeland, H., Mongol Community and Kinship Structure (1962)
Warfare among East African Herders, ed. by K.Fukuui and D.Turton (1979)
Western, D. and T. Dunne, ‘Environmental aspects of settlement site decisions among pastoral Maasai’,
Human Ecology, 7 (1979), 75-98
When Nomads Settle: Processes of Sedentarization as Adaptation and Response, ed. by Philip
C.Salzman (1980)
Some particular themes which you may wish to pursue
The Long-Term View (from the Huns to the Ottomans)
Joseph Fletcher 'Turco-Mongolian Monarchic Tradition in the Ottoman Empire',
Harvard Ukrainian Studies 3-4 (1979-80), 236-251
Larry W.Moses, 'A theoreticl approach to the process of Inner Asian confederation', Études Mongoles 5
(1974), 113-122
Thomas T.Barfield, 'Tribe and State Relations: the Inner Asian perspective', in Philip S.Khoury and
Joseph Kostiner (eds.), Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, London-New York, 1991, 153182
Ruth I.Meserve, 'The inhospitable land of the Barbarian', Journal of Asian History 16 (1982), 51-89
Idiko Ecsedy, 'Nomads in History and historical research', Acta Orientalia Ac. Sci.
Hungrariae 35/2-3 (1981), 201-227
The ecological and technological determinants: two millennia of the mounted archer
Edward McEwan, Robert l.Miller and Christopher A.Bergman, 'Early Bow design and construction',
Scientific American, June 1991, 50-56
Owen Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers of China [1940], Boston 1967, pp.511-529
('Marginal societies; conquest and migration, ch.xvi.)
Denis Siniorm, 'Horse and Pasture in Inner Asian History', Oriens Extremus 19/1- 2, (1972), 171-183
Sechen Jagchid and Paul Heyer, Mongolia's culture and society, Boulder, Col. and
Folkestone, 1979, pp.19-72 (ch. 2, 'Elements of nomadic culture')
Owen Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers of China [1904], Boston, 1967, pp.53-102 (ch.4, 'The steppes of
Mongolia and the Characteristics of steppe nomads')
Denis Sinor, 'Introduction: the concept of Inner Asia’, CHEIA ch.1 (pp.,1-18)
Denis Sinor, 'The Inner Asian Warriors', Journal of the American Oriental Society
101/2 (1981), 133-144
Rudi Paul Lindner, 'What was a nomadic tribe?', Comparative Studies in Societyand History, 24/4 (Oct.
1982), 689-711 (IMPORTANT)
A possible paradigm: the Huns/Hsiung-nu
Thomas J.Barfield, 'The Hsiung-nu Imperial Confederacy: Organization and Foreign
Policy’, Journal of Asian Studies 41/1 (1981), 45-59
Nobuo Yamada, 'Formation of the Hsiung-nu nomadic state', Acta Orientalia Ac.Sc.Hungariae 37/3
(1982), 575-582
4
Rudi Paul Lindner, 'Nomadism, Horses and Hunts', Past and Present 92 (Aug. 1981), 3-19
Otto Maenchen-Helfen, 'Huns and Hsiung-nu', Byzantion 17 (1944-5), 222-243
Otto Maenchen-Helfen, 'Archaistic names of the Hiung-nu', Central Asiatic Journal 6 (1961), 249-261
Denis Sinor, 'The Hun period', CHEIA ch.7 (pp.177-205)
Language and Ethnicity: The Altaic Theory
Denis Sinor, 'The Problem of the Uralic-Altaic Relationship', D.Sinor, ed., The Uralic Languages
(Handbuch der Orientalistik, 8.Abt., i, Leiden, 1988, 706-41, = D. Sinor, Essays in Comparative Altaic
linguistics, Bloomington, 1990, V), pp.706-711, only.
Sir Gerard Clauson, 'The Case against the Altaic theory', Central Asiatic Journal 2 (1958), 181-7
Roy Andrew Miller, 'Anti-Altaists contra Altaists', Ural-Altaischer Jahrbücher 62 (1991), 5-62, pp.513 only
Sir Gerard Clauson, 'The earliest Turkish loan-words in Mongolian', Central Asiatic Journal, 4 (1959),
174-187
Sir Gerard Clauson, 'Turk, Mongol, Tungus’, Asia Major NS. 7 (1960-l), 105-123
Larry V.Clark, 'Mongol elements in Old Turkic?', Journal de la Societé Finno- Ougrienne 75 (1977),
110-168 (read pp.110-126 only)
Sir Gerard Clauson, 'The evolution of the Turkish Languages', in his Turkish and Mongolian Studies,
London, 1962, pp.33-54,
and ‘The Relationship between Turkish and Mongolian', ibid, pp.211-247
The first literate steppe rulers: the early Turks (6th-8th centuries AD)
Denis Sinor, 'The Historical Role of the Turk Empire', Journal of World History 1/2 (1953), 427-434
(in his Inner Asia and its Contacts with Medieval Europe, London 1977, section. VII)
Masao Mori, 'The T'u-chüeh concept of sovereign’, Acta Asiatica 41 (1981), 47-75
K.Czegledy, 'On the numerical composition of the ancient Turkish Tribal Confederations', Acta
Orientalia Ac. Sci. Hungariae, 25 (1972), 275-281
Denis Sinor, 'The establishment and dissolution of the Türk empire', CHEIA Ch.11, pp.285-316
Sir Gerard Clauson, 'The early history of the Turkish speaking tribes', in his Turkishand Mongolian
Studies, London 1962, pp.1-32
Medieval Islamic views of the Steppe Peoples (9th-11th centuries)
Vl. Minorsky, 'Tamim ibn Bahr's Journey to the Uyghurs', Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African
Studies 12/2 (1948), 275-305 (pp.283-5 only)
Vl. Minorsky, ed., Hudud al-'Alam, 'The Regions of the World'. A Persian
Geography, 372 A.H.-982 A.D., London, 1970, pp.94-101
Vl. Minorsky, Sharaf al-Zaman Tahir Mrvazi on China, the Turks and India (c.1120), London 1942,
29-38
P.B.Golden, 'The Migrations of the Oguz', Archivum Ottomanicum 4 (1972), 45-84
P.B.Golden, 'The Karakhanids and Early Islam', CHEIA, ch.13 (=pp.348-370)
R.Dankoff, 'Kashgari on the tribal and Kinship Organization of the Turks', Archivum Ottomanicum 4
(1972), 23-43
R.Simon, 'Symbiosis of Nomad and Sedentaries on the character of the Middle Eastern civiization', Acta
Orientalia Ac.Sci.Hungariae 35/2-3 (1981),
229-242
V.V.Barthold, 'A Short history of Turkestan', in V.V. Barthold, Four Studies on
the History of Central Asia, i (Leiden, 1956), 1-68 (read pp.1-32 only)
V.V.Barthold, 'The Turks', Encyclopaedia of Islam (1st edn. Leiden, 1913-38), vol. iv
Aberration or culmination?: the Mongol World-Empire (13-14th centuries)
D.O.Morgan, 'Prelude: the problems of writing Mongolian history', in Shirin Akiner (ed.), Mongolia
Today, London-New York, 1991, 1-8
D.O.Morgan, ‘Mongols’, EI 2 , 230-235 (1991)
5
Peter Jackson (ed), The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: his journey to the Court of the Great
Khan Möngke, 1253-1255, London 1990, pp.72-8 209-212
J.F.Fletcher, 'The Mongols, Ecological and Social Perspectives', Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
45/1 (1986), 11-50
Bernard Lewis, 'The Mongols, the Turks and the Muslim Polity', in Bernard Lewis, Islam in History,
London 1973, 179-98 and 324-5
D.O.Morgan, The Mongols (Oxford, 1986), 55-111 (chs.3 'Chinghiz Khan and the founding of the
Mongol Empire', and 4 'Institutions of the Mongol Empire')
II: THE MONGOLS
(i) Sources in Translation
Barbaro, Joseph, Travels to Tana and Persia (1873)
Beazley, C.Raymond, The Texts and the Versions of John de Plano Carpini and William de Rubruquis
(1903)
Blake, Robert P. and Richard N.Frye, ‘History of the Nation of theArchers (The Mongols) by Grigor of
Akanc',’ Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1949), 269-399
Bretschneider, E., Mediaeval Researches from Eastern Asiatic sources (1910)
Brosset, M., Histoire de la Georgie (1849)
Brosset, M., Histoire de la Siounie par Stephannos Orbelian (1864-1866)
Budge, E.A.Wallis, The Monks of Kublai Khan Emperor of China (1928)
Budge, E.A.Wallis, The Chronography of Gregory Abu'l Faraj, the Hebrew Physician, commonly
known as Bar Hebraeus (1932)
Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, Embassy to Tamerlane, 1403-1406 (1928)
Cleaves, Francis W., The Secret History of the Mongols (1982)
Dawson, Christopher, The Mongol Mission (1955) [=Mission to Asia (1966)]
Dulaurier, E., ‘Les Mongols d'apres les historiens armeniens,’ Journal asiatique (1858): 195-255, 426473, 481-508; (1860): 273-322
Galstjan, A.G., Armjanskie istochniki o mongolakh (1962)
Gibb, H.A.R., The Travels of Ibn Battuta, vol. 2 (1962)
Juvaini, Ata-Malik, The History of the World Conqueror, tr. by John A.Boyle (1958)
Komroff, Manuel, Contemporaries of Marco Polo (1928)
Krause, F.E.A., Cingis Han: Geschichte seines Lebens nach den chinesischen Reichsannalen (1922)
Lech, Klaus, Das Mongolische Weltreich (1968)
Lister, R.P., The Secret History of Genghis Khan (1969)
Michell, R.. and N.Forbes, The Chronicle of Novgorod (1914)
Montgomery, James A., The History of Yaballaha III Nestorian Patriarch and of his Vicar Bar Sauma
(1927)
Olbricht, Peter and Elisabeth Pinks, Meng-Ta pei-lu und Hei-Ta shih-lueh (1980)
Pelliot, Paul and Louis Hambis, Histoire des campagnes de gengis khan: Cheng-wou ts'in-tcheng lou
(1951)
Polo, Marco, The Description of the World, tr. and ed. by A.C.Moule and Paul Pelliot (1938)
Polo, Marco, The Book of Ser Marco Polo, tr. and ed. by Sir Henry Yule, revised by Henri Cordier
(1903)
Polo, Marco, The Travels, tr. by Ronald Latham (1958, 1966)
Rashid al-Din, The Successors of Genghis Khan, tr. by John A.Boyle (1971)
Rockhill, Woodville, The Journeys of William of Rubruck and John of Plano Carpini (1900)
Sanders, J.H. (tr.), Tamerlane or Timur the Great Emir. Translated from [Ahmad] Ibn Arabshah
(1936; repr. 1976)
Simon de Saint Quentin, Histoire des Tartares, ed. by Jean Richard (1965)
Skelton, R.A. et al., The Vinland Map and the Tartar Relation (1965)
Spuler, Bertold, History of the Mongols based on eastern and western sources (1972)
Tafur, Pero, Travels and Adventures, 1435-1439 (1926)
Waley, Arthur, The Secret History of the Mongols and Other Places (1963)
Waley, Arthur, The Travels of an Alchemist (1931)
6
Yule, Sir Henry, Cathay and the Way Thither (1913-1914)
(ii) SECONDARY SOURCES
General Works
Barthold, W., Turkestan Dwn to the Mongol Invasion (1977)
Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes (1970)
Hambly, Gavin (ed), Central Asia (1969)
Kwanten, Luc., Imperial Nomads (1979)
Morgan, David, The Mongols (1986)
Phillips, E.D., The Mongols (1969)
Saunders, J.J., The History of the Mongol Conquests (1971)
Sinor, Denis, Inner Asia: A Syllabus (1969)
Spuler, Bertold, The Mongols in History (1971)
Bibliography
Sinor, Denis, Introduction à l'étude de l'Eurasie centrale (1963)
Moravcsik Gyula, Byzantinoturcica, 2 vols. (1958)
Specialized Studies
Allsen, T.A., ‘Mongol census taking in Rus', 1245-1275,’ Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 5 (1981), 32-53
Allsen, T.A., ‘Prelude to the western campaign: Mongol military operations in the
Volga-Ural region, 1217-1237,’ Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, 3 (1983), 5-24
Altunian, Georg., Die Mongolen und ihre Eroberungen in kaukasischen und kleinasiatischen Landern
im XIII Jahrhundert (1911)
Ayalon, D., The Great Yasa of Chingiz Khan: A re-examination,’ Studia Islamica, 33 (1971), 97-140;
34 (1971): 151-180; 37 (1973): 107-156
Barthohld, W., Four Studies on the History of Central Asia, 3 vols. (1956-1962)
Beazley, C.Raymond, the Dawn of Modern Geography, 3 vols. (1897-1906)
Bezzolo, G.A., Die Mongolen in abendlandisacher Sicht (1220-1270) (1974)
Boyle, John A., ‘Dynastic and Political History of the Il-khans,’ in The Cambridge History of Iran, vol.
5 (1968), 303-421
Boyle, John A., The Mongol World Empire, 1206-1370 (1977)
Browne, Edward G., A Literary History of Persia, vol.3, The Tartar Dominion (1265-1502) (1928)
Cahen, C., ‘The Mongols and the Near East,’ in: A History of the Crusades, ed. by K.M.Setton, vol.2
(1969), 715-732
Cahen, Claude, Pre-Ottoman Turkey (1968)
The Cambridge History of Iran, vol.5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, ed. by J.A.Boyle (1968)
Ch'en Yuan, Western and Central Asians in China under the Mongols, tr. by Ch'ien Hsing-hai and
L.Carrington Goodrich (1966)
Dardess, John W., Conquerors and Confucians: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yuan China (1973)
Dardess, J.W., ‘From Mongol Empire to Yuan Dynasty: Changing Forms of Imperial Rule in Mongolia
and Central Asia,' Monumenta Serica, 30 (1972- 73), 117-165
7
Eberhard, Wolfram, A History of China (1969; rev. 1977)
Fairbank, John King (ed), The Chinese World Order: Traditional China's Foreign Relations (1968)
Fairbank, J.K. and E.O.Reischauer, China (1973), ch.7 ‘The Mongol Empire’, 152-176
Fennell, J.L.I., The Crisis of Medieval Russia, 1200-1304 (1983)
Fishel, Walter J., Ibn Khaldun and Tamerlane: Their Historic Meeting in Damascus, A.D. 1401(803
A.H.) (1952)
Fletcher, J.F., ‘Turco-Mongolian monarchic tradition in the Ottoman Empire,’ Harvard Ukrainian
Studies, 3-4 (1979-80), 236-251
Franke, Herbert, Geld und Wirtschaft in China unter der Mongolenberrschaft (1949)
Franke, H., ‘Sino-western contacts under the Mongol Empire,’ Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the
Royal Asiatic Society, 6 (1966), 49-72
Fyodorov-Davydov, G.A., The Culture of the Golden Horde Cities, B.A.R. International Series 198
(1984)
Gernet, J., A History of Chinese Civilization (1985), pt.6, 349-384
Graf, Andreas, ‘Die Tataren im Spiegel der byzantinischen Literatur,’ in: Jubilee Volume in Honour of
Prof. Bernhard Heller, ed. by A.Scheiber (1941), 77-85
Grousset, Rene, Conqueror of the World (1967)
Guzman, Gregory, ‘Simon of St. Quentin and the Dominican mission to the Mongol
Baiju,’, Speculum, 46 (1971), 232-249
Guzman, G., ‘Simon of St Quentin as historian of the Mongols and Seljuk Turks’, Medievalia et
Humanistica 3 (1972), 155-178
Halperin, Charles, Russia and the Golden Horde (1985)
Halperin, C., ‘Russia in the Mongol Empire in comparative perspective,’ Harvard Journal of Asiatic
Studies, 43 (1983), 239-261
Hambis, Louis, Gengis-Khan (1973)
Heissig, Wallther, A Lost Civilization: The Mongols Rediscovered (1966)
Heissig, Walther, The Religions of Mongolia (1980)
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