European Mineral
Statistics
2007–11
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
European Mineral Statistics 2007–11
A product of the World Mineral Statistics database
By: T J Brown, S F Hobbs, A J Mills, E Petavratzi, E R Raycraft,
R A Shaw, T Bide
Technical support: A C MacKenzie
Keyworth, Nottingham
British Geological Survey 2013
© NERC copyright 2013. All rights reserved.
First Published 2013
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
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for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding
continental shelf, as well as its basic research projects. It also
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be addressed to the Head of Science, Minerals, British Geological
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The compilations presented in this book are copyright and may not
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British Geological Survey.
Bibliographical reference
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2013. European mineral
statistics 2007–11. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological
Survey.)
Cover photograph: Odda zinc smelting plant operated by Boliden
on the west coast of Norway. The majority of the raw material
supplying the smelter comes from Boliden’s own mines in Sweden
and Ireland. The plant produces pure zinc, zinc alloys, sulphuric
acid and aluminium fluoride which are predominantly sold within
Europe. Further information can be obtained from
www.boliden.com
Photo © Boliden
ISBN 978-0-85272-759-1 (Paperback)
ISBN 978-0-85272-760-7 (Download)
ii
Commentary
1. Introduction
Europe’s relatively restricted land mass has a remarkable variety of geological terranes. It includes ancient
crystalline ‘shields’ and massifs, complex younger fold-belts penetrated by igneous intrusions, deep sedimentary
basins containing coal, petroleum and other minerals, and landscapes profoundly modified by a recent ice age. As
a consequence Europe has a rich endowment of all the major groups of minerals. In the nineteenth century the
continent’s burgeoning industrial economies were built on its resources of metals and coal. The productive capacity
of those resources was, with some exceptions, largely outgrown in the twentieth century but Europe continues to
obtain a high proportion of its needs for industrial and construction minerals from within its own borders. In addition,
a recent bonanza has been the discovery and exploitation of the offshore resources of petroleum and natural gas
beneath the North Sea and other areas of the continental shelf.
During the industrial revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the interest of sovereign states in their
own economic and demographic performance led to the development of statism, that is, the direction and control of
their internal affairs to a much greater degree than before. From statism came the concept of statistics – the
numbers collected and compiled as the basis for such action by the state. Among many other things, almost all
European countries compile annual statistics of national mineral production and trade and these form the basis of
1
this European compilation .
For many countries, from antiquity, the ownership of precious metals has been vested in the state or the sovereign
and for the majority of European countries state ownership extends to all metals and high-value industrial minerals.
Chiefly as a result, in Europe and the world as a whole, there is a direct correspondence between the unit value of
a mineral commodity and the amount and accuracy of official statistical information available on it. At the extreme
high end of the value range this relationship tends to break down so that data on gemstones and precious metals is
less straightforward than that on base metals. However, as a rule the state does not claim ownership of low-value
construction minerals, such as sand and gravel, crushed rock aggregate and others. Partly as a consequence, the
statistics for such minerals tend to be less comprehensive, less reliable and more difficult to compile and compare
than those for other minerals. It is ironic that with modern environmental concerns and pressures on land-use in
Europe it is precisely these less well-documented minerals – their occurrence, production, trade and consumption –
that are of greatest concern to local and national governments.
As far as possible, the statistics of production compiled by the BGS are the official data for the countries
concerned, whose government departments and agencies compile and publish them on the basis of returns from
annual, or more frequent, inquiries in the form of mandatory questionnaires to producers. Trade statistics published
by BGS are invariably compiled, directly or indirectly, from official publications. Where official production data are
not available, or where there is reasonable cause to doubt the accuracy or completeness of such data, information
is sought from other sources such as geological survey organisations, chambers of mines, universities, trade
associations and the primary producers themselves. Time and resources preclude double-checking in any but the
most necessary of cases.
An increasing problem, particularly in Europe, is the invocation of rules that debar a government body from
divulging national production data if there is only a small number of producers, the object being the maintenance of
commercial confidentiality. However, we often find in such cases that the primary producers themselves are willing
to release the information for publication. A further issue lies in the desire of governments, everywhere, to recover
costs by asking for payment for official information – which is often marketed through an agent. This situation is
coupled with an increasing apparent disregard for the value (as distinct from the price) of impartial mineral statistics
and a conviction that their compilation should be funded entirely by the users of the data, or by the industrial sector
concerned. It is true that no other industrial sector has a statistical operation wholly dedicated to its physical (as
opposed to financial) activities. The reason is that no other industrial sector is so crucial to the maintenance of
civilisation and so little understood by the population at large.
1
For this compilation ‘Europe’ is defined as the 27 EU members (as of 1 February 2008), the EU associates Norway and
Switzerland and the EU candidate countries Croatia, Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey; this group of 35
countries is for convenience referred to as ‘EU35’.
iii
2. Construction minerals
The most important construction minerals and their chief uses are summarised below (Table 1):
Table 1 Construction minerals and their principal uses.
Aggregates, natural
sand and gravel
crushed rock (limestone, sandstone, igneous rock etc)
concrete, building sand and fill
roadstone, fill, concrete
Clay and shale
bricks, pipes, tiles and cement manufacture
Gypsum
2
plaster, plasterboard and cement
Limestone and dolomite
crushed-rock aggregate, cement, other industrial
and agricultural uses
Building stone (dimension stone)
this comprises almost any competent rock-type
that may be used in the form of shaped and/or
sized blocks for either structural or decorative
purposes. It normally includes roofing stone and
slate
2.1 Statistical problems of aggregate minerals
Aggregates suffer from the incompleteness of available production data and incompatibility of different countries’
production statistics for this group. The European data for aggregates presented here represent an attempt at
compiling reliable data and we would welcome any comments, amendments and corrections that users may wish to
make. Other problems are related to the terminology used by different countries. These can include such
categories as:
• ‘gravel and crushed rock’ with no distinction between types of aggregate minerals,
• ‘building stone’ that incorporates both crushed-rock aggregate and dimension stone,
• ‘limestone’ and other purely petrological descriptions with no indication of the construction/industrial use split,
• ‘sand’ with no distinction between material for construction sand and special sand for industrial uses eg for
glass.
With the establishment of the European single market on 1st January 1993 a new statistical system was introduced
across the EU to measure production for sale (Prodcom). It covers many activities, including mining and quarrying.
Information is presented on the volume and value of sales and the headings are compatible with trade headings,
the intention being to provide an assessment of the apparent consumption of a particular product. However, the
data for minerals are of highly variable quality.
2.2 European situation
The total volumes of primary aggregates production easily exceed the total tonnage of all other minerals produced
in the EU. This fact highlights the concerns expressed in many countries about the sustainability of the resource,
both in terms of tonnage remaining and also the land-use and environmental issues that are raised by the implicit
need for the expansion of quarries to maintain the level of output.
All European countries consume construction minerals, generally in proportion to the size of their individual
economies. The majority of the EU member countries are self-sufficient in supply of aggregate minerals but while
some, eg Finland, produce approximately equal quantities of sand and gravel and crushed rock aggregates others
are, for obvious geological and topographic reasons, deficient in one or the other. For example, Netherlands lacks
resources suitable for the production of hard rock aggregates while Austria, landlocked and without broad alluvial
lowlands, is a net importer of sand and gravel. Simple statistical analysis, especially if only ‘gross’ national trade
positions are examined, can be misleading: aggregates are low-cost minerals and are, as a result, sensitive to
2
Statistics for gypsum are complicated by the availability of large quantities of synthetic gypsum, which is not covered in this
publication.
iv
transport costs. They may be imported via a short cross-border route at lower cost than if they were carried a much
greater distance within national borders.
For countries bordering the North Sea production of marine-dredged sand and gravel is a significant part of supply.
Crushed rock produced from onshore sites is also conveyed by sea from Norway and Scotland.
It should also be borne in mind that recycled and secondary aggregates have become an increasingly important
part of supply, in response to environmental constraints on the production of primary (quarried) material. The
categorisation of these recycled and secondary aggregates varies from country to country and these materials are
not included in this volume.
3. Industrial (non-construction) minerals
These comprise a wide range of non-metallic, non-energy minerals used as feedstocks for manufacturing or
industrial processing aids, exemplified by barytes, fluorspar, magnesite, kaolin (china clay), mica, and salt. The
category includes metallic minerals used for non-metallic products, eg bauxite, chromite, ilmenite and also
‘construction minerals’ used for non-construction purposes, eg limestone. Unlike metals, where, whatever the
extracted ore, the ultimate refined marketable product is produced to a few accepted standards for use in a variety
of applications, industrial minerals depend to a great extent on their intrinsic ‘as mined’ physical and chemical
qualities. Thus, for industrial minerals the two most significant variables are the grade of the deposit, that is how
much useful mineral it contains, and the quality of the mineral, that is its suitability for specific end-uses. The quality
may be a combination of physical properties such as particle size and shape, brightness, viscosity in suspension,
specific gravity, hardness, strength and insulating properties. Several industrial minerals are valued purely for their
chemical composition, for example, the essential plant nutrients potassium and phosphorus or the halogens
chlorine and fluorine and many other elements used as chemical feedstocks.
It has been suggested that the point at which the value of a country’s industrial mineral production (including
construction minerals) overtakes that of its metal (mine) production marks its transition to a mature industrial
economy. Certainly this point was attained long ago for the major economies of Europe: the value of metal
production in France, Germany, Italy and the UK is negligible compared to the value of industrial minerals output.
A problem for the compiler of statistics on industrial minerals is that many of them cannot be precisely defined, but
grade into one another. Thus, kaolin grades into kaolinitic clay, bauxite into high-alumina clay, dolomite into
limestone, and this has implications for the comparability of statistics between deposits and countries. Many
industrial minerals are produced and marketed in either a ‘wet’, ‘dried’ or ‘calcined’ forms; this can markedly affect
the weight of the material. In this compilation every effort has been made to ensure comparability between
countries in this respect. Some mineral-derived elements may be obtained by a number of mineral-based but
different routes: sulphur is obtained, in Europe, as a by-product from oil refining, from sour gas, from base metal
smelting and as a primary product from pyrites (iron sulphide). Some semi-processed materials 3 can be obtained
from completely different sources, for example magnesia (magnesium oxide), which is produced from both
magnesite and a combination of sea-water and dolomite. Salt is a further example, being extracted as a solid (rock
salt), as brine and by the evaporation of sea water.
4
European production of industrial minerals supplies a fairly high proportion of the continent’s requirements, in
contrast to the position with metals. However, in the cases of several minerals, production is dominated by one
country and the majority are still dependent on imports for all but a few of these minerals. The proportions of
selected minerals produced by Europe is given in Table 2.
3
In the case of several oxides, hydroxides and salts the yardstick for inclusion in this compilation is that the material should be
the basis for a further transformation process although the compilers accept that this criterion has been applied in a flexible
way.
4
The tabulated statistics show that availability of reported data is much lower for industrial minerals than for metals, with
many estimated totals being shown.
v
Table 2 EU35 production of selected industrial minerals as world percentages
Industrial mineral
% of world
EU35 countries with > 2% of world output in 2011
Feldspar
57.3
Italy (22.5%), Turkey, France, Spain, Poland
Kaolin
35.7
Germany (19.1%), UK, Czech Republic, Turkey
Salt
21.7
Germany (6.2%), Netherlands, UK, France
Bentonite
18.8
Greece (8.1%), Turkey, Germany
Magnesite
17.1
Turkey (4.3%), Austria, Slovakia, Spain
Gypsum
15.2
Spain (5.0%)
Talc
14.4
Finland (5.5%), France
Mica
13.1
France (6.2%), Finland
Potash
11.7
Germany (9.2%)
Diatomite
10.7
Spain (3.1%), Denmark, France
Barytes
3.6
Turkey (2.5%)
Fluorspar
3.6
Spain (2.0%)
4. Metals
Until the middle of the nineteenth century the demands of industry in Europe were met by indigenous metal mines
but thereafter it became clear that the resources of other continents would become an important source of supply,
having, as they did, very large and rich ore bodies that could be worked at relatively low cost. Initially, ores and
concentrates were transported to Europe for processing. Many high-volume ores, notably iron ore, are still imported
but smelting and refining of base metal concentrates has been increasingly undertaken at or near the sites of the
overseas mines. Europe as a whole is now heavily dependent on extra-European sources of virtually all metals
although recycling makes an important contribution and, as the statistical tables show, several European countries
still have significant mine production of one or more metals.
Certain European countries are major mine producers of particular metals, but the majority of European countries
depend chiefly on imports from other continents. The overall EU35 position of mine production of selected metals in
2011 is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 EU35 mine production of selected metals as world percentages.
Metal
% world
EU35 countries with > 1% of world output in 2011
Chromium
11.3
Turkey (8.7%), Finland
Silver
8.7
Poland (5.0%), Sweden, Turkey
Zinc
7.5
Ireland (2.7%), Sweden, Turkey
Titanium
7.4
Norway (7.4%)
Lead
5.8
Sweden (1.3%), Ireland
Copper
5.7
Poland (2.6%)
Nickel
3.9
Greece (1.2%), Finland
Tungsten
2.8
Austria (1.2%), Portugal
Gold
1.7
–
Aluminium (bauxite)
1.4
–
Iron
1.2
–
vi
European smelting and refining of imported ores and concentrates provides the bulk of supply for many metals.
Refining in Europe of semi-processed materials from other continents is also significant. Ferro-alloys of a number
of metals are produced in Europe but imports of the major types are an indispensable part of total supply. The
balance of metals supply is made up of imports of refined metal. It is emphasised that the situation of individual
countries may vary widely from one to another, as the statistics indicate.
5. Energy minerals
These comprise petroleum, natural gas, coal and uranium. Statistics for production and trade of petroleum and coal
are fairly complete and present few problems to compilers. However, the data for petroleum conceal the distribution
of differing grades of crude oil. For example, although the UK is a major exporter of petroleum from the EU35
countries, there is also a significant import of heavy crude which is a necessary requirement that cannot be
supplied by the North Sea and other offshore fields.
‘Black coal’ or ‘hard coal’ is normally taken to mean bituminous coal and anthracite. ‘Brown coal’ comprises subbituminous coal and lignite. Black coals have a higher calorific value and lower volatile content than brown coals,
the use of the latter is almost confined to burning in electricity generating stations. Within black coals a fundamental
division is made into ‘steam coal’, for power generation, and ‘coking coal’, used for metallurgical purposes,
predominantly iron smelting in blast furnaces.
The overall EU35 position with regard to production of energy minerals in 2011 is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 EU35 production of energy minerals as world percentages.
Mineral
% world
EU35 countries with > 1% of world output 2011
Natural gas
8.2
Norway (3.0%), Netherlands, United Kingdom
Coal
9.1
Germany (2.4%), Poland, Turkey
Petroleum
5.0
Norway (2.5%), United Kingdom
Uranium
0.7
-
vii
Contents
Country index
Austria 2
Belgium 7
Bulgaria 13
Croatia 17
Cyprus 19
Czech Republic 21
Denmark 26
Estonia 29
Finland 31
France 35
Germany 41
Greece 48
Hungary 52
Iceland 56
Ireland, Republic of 58
Italy 61
Latvia 67
Commodity index
Lithuania 69
Luxembourg 72
Macedonia 74
Malta 76
Montenegro 77
Netherlands 79
Norway 85
Poland 89
Portugal 94
Romania 98
Serbia 102
Slovakia 105
Slovenia 109
Spain 112
Sweden 118
Switzerland 123
Turkey 127
United Kingdom 132
Aggregates 140
Alumina 146
Aluminium 147
Antimony 156
Arsenic 158
Asbestos 160
Barytes 162
Bauxite 145
Bentonite 165
Bismuth 170
Borates 343
Bromine 172
Cadmium 173
Cement 176
Chromium 183
Coal 188
Cobalt 194
Copper 198
Crushed rock 140
Diamond 206
Diatomite 210
Feldspar 213
Ferro alloys 236
Fluorspar 216
Fuller’s earth 165
Gold 218
Graphite 222
Gypsum 225
Iodine 230
Iron ore 231
Iron and steel 234
Kaolin 250
Lead 253
Lithium 259
Magnesia 262
Magnesite 261
Manganese 265
Mercury 268
Mica 270
Molybdenum 273
Natural gas 284
Nepheline syenite 343
Nickel 275
Niobium 319
Perlite 343
Petroleum 281
Phosphates 287
Platinum 289
Potash 293
Pyrites 311
Rare earths 298
Salt 301
Sand and gravel 140
Selenium 344
Silicon 236
Sillimanite 305
Silver 307
Strontium 344
Sulphur 311
Talc 316
Tantalum 319
Tin 320
Titanium 324
Tungsten 329
Uranium 344
Vanadium 332
Wollastonite 345
Zinc 334
Zirconium 341
Explanatory notes
The statistics in this publication are from the World Mineral Statistics database.
Coverage
European Mineral Statistics covers the majority of economically important, and internationally traded, mineral
commodities. For each commodity constant efforts are made to ensure that as many producing and trading
countries as possible are reported and that trade data cover all major traded forms. For some commodities, where
statistics on production and trade are not publicly available, estimates are made.
Production
Metals
Mine production of many metals is expressed in terms of metal content. This is clearly indicated adjacent
to the commodity description. Unless otherwise specified, metal production statistics relate to metal recovered from
both domestic and imported materials, whether primary or secondary, but exclude remelted material.
viii
Trade
Although every effort has been made to provide comprehensive coverage of trade statistics the resulting trade
compilations depend on the nature of the data available. The fact that a country is not shown as trading in a
particular commodity does not necessarily imply that there is no trade in that item. The commodity may not be
separately identified in the available trade statistics or may not be traded in significant quantities.
Where an estimate for a trade statistic has been reconstructed from the imports/exports of other countries, the
resulting figure may be conservative, as complete coverage of world trade is seldom available. Export statistics
may include re-exports.
Tables showing trade in the following metals covered by Harmonised System Chapter 81 include under the term
‘metal’, unwrought and wrought forms, powder, alloys, waste and scrap, unless these are separately shown:
antimony, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, tantalum–niobium, titanium, tungsten,
vanadium and zirconium. Trade tables of other metals include only unwrought forms under the term ‘metal’.
Exclusion of warranty
Use by recipients of information provided by the BGS, is at the recipients’ own risk. BGS has taken care to ensure
that information provided is as free from error as is reasonably practical. In view of the disparate sources of
information at BGS’s disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being
accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the
quality, accuracy, performance, and merchantability of the information supplied, or to the information’s suitability for
any use whether made known to BGS or otherwise. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss,
damage, injury or other occurrence however caused.
Acknowledgements
Compilation of this volume of mineral statistics has been possible only by obtaining information from a very large
number of organisations throughout the world, chiefly home and overseas government departments and specialist
national or international authorities concerned with particular sectors of the minerals or metals industries. To all
these bodies the British Geological Survey expresses its grateful acknowledgement for the information made
available, whether in published form or provided by direct correspondence.
Particular acknowledgement is made to the Mines Departments and other government agencies of many countries
whose regular statements, yearbooks and other reports are worthy of direct consultations by readers in search of
detail.
Specialist commodity organisations which have kindly allowed information to be reproduced include the
International Copper Study Group, the International Lead and Zinc Study Group, the International Nickel Study
Group, the Barytes Association and the International Fertilizer Industry Association Ltd. In a few instances,
information on specific commodities has been obtained directly from company sources. The co-operation of other
members of the International Consultative Group on Metal Statistics is also gratefully acknowledged.
Supplementary information is also obtained from publications dealing with a wider range of commodities such as
Société de l'Industrie Minérale, Annuaire Statistique Mondial des Minerais et Métaux; World Bureau of Metal
Statistics, World Metal Statistics and Metallstatistik; publications of the Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS,
the United States Geological Survey, and the United Nations Statistics Division.
In addition, information has been obtained from the websites of the following organisations, companies, statistical
offices and government departments: Eurostat; Kaolin and Plastic Clays Europe; World Steel Association; Eurofer;
World Nuclear Association; European Aggregates Association; Energy Information Agency; Inmet Mining;
Aluminium de Grece; New Boliden; Eurozinc Mining Corporation; Lundin Mining; Nyrstar; Lapland Gold Miners;
Outokumpu; Dragon Mining, Agnico Eagle Mines, Talvivaara, Endomines; Norsk Hydro; Xstrata;Vereinigung der
Osterreichishen Zementindustrie, Austria; Federation de l’Industrie Cimentiere Belge, Belgium; Statistics Belgium;
Belgian Steel Federation; Czech Republic Statistical Office; Statistics Denmark; Danish Energy Agency, Denmark;
Geological Survey of Finland; Federation des Minerais, Mineraux Industrielles et Metaux non Ferreux, France;
Comite Professionel de Petrole, France; Ministere de l’Economie, des Finances et de l’Industrie, France; Unicem,
France; Infociments, France; Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland, Germany; National Statistical Service of
ix
Greece; Federacciai, Italy; Unione Petrolifera, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, Italy; Statec, Luxembourg;
Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands; Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen, Netherlands; Netherlands Oil and
Gas Portal; Statistisk Sentralbyra, Norway; Geological Survey of Norway; Norwegian Petroleum Directorate;
Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, Portugal; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia; Unesid, Spain; Sveriges
Geologiska Undersokning, Sweden; Jernkontoret, Sweden; Statistiska Centralbyran, Sweden; CemSuisse,
Switzerland; Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, United Kingdom; Department of Energy and Climate
Change, United Kingdom; Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom; The Crown Estate, United Kingdom.
Units
The Statistics shown in this volume are expressed in metric units. The following factors are given for converting to
non-metric units:
tonnes × 0.9842 = long tons
tonnes × 1.1023 = short tons
kilograms × 2.2046 = pounds
kilograms × 32.1507 = troy ounces
cubic metres × 35.3147 = cubic feet
1 tonne of crude petroleum equals on average 7 barrels of crude petroleum
1 flask mercury = 34.5 kilograms
1 metric ton unit = 10 kilograms
Conversion of national currencies to pounds sterling has been made using the annual average factors shown for
each country in International Financial Statistics published by the International Monetary Fund.
Symbols
...
0
—
*
BGS
x
figures not available
quantity less than half unit shown
nil
estimated
British Geological Survey
Table notes for country tables
Aggregates – production
(1) So far as possible, these statistics include
construction sands; gravel, pebbles, shingle and
flint; crushed stone used for concrete aggregates,
roadstone and other construction use; granules,
chippings and powders
(2) Where official sources show more than one series
for aggregates the higher series has generally
been used in this compilation
(3) Where marine sands and gravels have been
identified, these are included
(4) Information may be incomplete or absent due to
reporting methods, confidentiality or lack of
available information. All EU35 countries produce
sand and gravel and crushed rock
(5) Production from many small operations are not
officially compiled. The minimum number of
employees for which establishments are required
to report production varies between different
countries and can also vary from year to year
within a country
(6) Quantities of sand from sand and gravel
operations may be discarded due to low demand.
This may or may not be included in the statistics
Aggregates – exports and imports
(1) These statistics include construction sands;
pebbles, gravel, shingle, flint; crushed rock;
granules, chippings and powders covered by the
Harmonised System codes 2505.90, 2517.10,
2517.41 and 2517.49
(2) Exports include marine dredged sand and gravel
landed at foreign ports
Bauxite – production
(1) Including production of refractory bauxite
Alumina – production
(1) Where possible figures show the alumina
equivalent (Al2O3) of total hydrate produced,
whether or not calcined
(2) The figures represent alumina produced from
bauxite. Alumina-rich materials can also be
derived from salt slags formed during the
production of secondary aluminium
Primary aluminium – production
(1) The figures are for primary aluminium only.
Aluminium can also be produced from secondary
sources and may be recovered from salt slags
Bauxite, alumina and aluminium – exports and
imports
(1) Except where alumina hydrate is separately
specified, national trade figures for alumina can
be considered as inclusive of hydrate
(2) The term 'unwrought' aluminium corresponds to
item 7601 of the Harmonised System and
comprises ingots, blocks, unwrought bars, etc
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Antimony – mine production
(1) Including antimony content of antimonial lead
alloys
White arsenic – production
(1) Including calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic
metal produced except where this would involve
double counting
Arsenic – exports and imports
(1) Data relating to arsenic are not fully recorded by
many countries
Barytes – production
(1) Small quantities of witherite may be included
Barytes – exports and imports
(1) Trade in barytes is reported under item 2511 of
the Harmonised System and is described as
‘barytes and witherite’. However, only small
quantities of witherite are traded
Bentonite and fuller’s earth – production
(1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the
smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two
main varieties, calcium bentonite, the most
commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite,
industrially the more important
(2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium
bentonite by a sodium-exchange process
(3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom,
calcium bentonite is known as fuller’s earth, a
term which is also used to refer attapulgite, a
mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting
similar properties
Bentonite and fuller’s earth – exports and imports
(1) See notes 1 - 3 under production
(2) The figures refer to natural and sodiumexchanged bentonite, and fuller’s earth,
Harmonised System 2508.10 and 2580.20
(3) Activated bentonite and fuller’s earth, Harmonised
System 3802.90 are excluded
(4) Some countries are believed to include sodiumexchanged bentonite, often referred to as
activated bentonite, under Harmonised System
3802.90, eg Italy, but these are not included
(5) From 2007 Harmonised System 2508.20, used for
fuller's earth, is no longer available
Bismuth – mine production
(1) In some instances the figures are derived from
reported bismuth content of refined and impure
metal plus recoverable in ores and concentrates
exported
(2) Production for some countries may include
bismuth produced from imported ores but it is
thought that any resulting duplication is
insignificant in the countries shown
xi
Chromium – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Gold – exports and imports
(1) The term 'metal' includes both unwrought and
partly worked gold and alloys but excludes gold
coin
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit except
where the only obtainable figure is the value. In
these cases the national currency figure has been
converted to £ sterling
(3) See explanatory notes regarding currency
conversion
Coal – production
(1) There is no international agreement as to the
separate definition of lignite and brown coal. In
some cases they are distinguished. Elsewhere
both may be aggregated under one or other term
Graphite – production
(1) Including all forms of amorphous and crystalline
graphite but excluding synthetic material
Graphite – exports and imports
(1) Excluding synthetic graphite
Coal – exports
(1) Excludes bunker shipments
Gypsum – production
(1) Some countries produce large quantities of
synthetic gypsum. Where possible, this output is
excluded
Bromine – exports and imports
(1) Trade in bromine is not separately distinguished
from other halogens by many countries
Cadmium – production
(1) Data exclude secondary metal
Cobalt metal – production
(1) In addition, several countries including the United
Kingdom, Finland and France are known to
produce substantial amounts of cobalt
compounds
Copper – smelter production
(1) Primary metal in the form of blister and anode
produced from concentrates is shown, and may
include copper produced from scrap but this is
excluded when it can be separately identified
Refined copper – production
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary
refined copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined.
Metal recovered from secondary materials by
remelting alone is excluded
Copper – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ copper corresponds to items
7402, 7403 and 7405 of the Harmonised System
and includes both unrefined (including blister) and
refined copper
(2) The term ‘unwrought’, as used here, includes
alloys unless these are separately specified. The
term ‘scrap’ includes scrap alloys
Diamond – exports and imports
(1) Carats have been used as the unit except where
the only obtainable figure is the value. In these
cases the national currency figure has been
converted to £ sterling
(2) See explanatory notes regarding currency
conversion
(3) The term 'Dust' corresponds to item 7105.10 of
the Harmonised System and includes both natural
and synthetic diamond dust
Gold – mine production
(1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold
produced in small operations are not recorded in
the official statistics
xii
Gypsum – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘crude’ may include some anhydrite
Pig iron – production
(1) Sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI) are
included where these have been separately
identified
Crude steel – production
(1) Figures include production from scrap unless
otherwise indicated
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘ingots, blooms, billets’ corresponds to
items 7206, 7207, 7218 and 7224 of the
Harmonised System which includes those of alloy
and high carbon steel
Refined Lead – production
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary
refined lead and include the lead content of
antimonial lead
Lead – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ lead corresponds to item
7801 of the Harmonised System and comprises
base bullion, pigs, unwrought bars, etc
(2) The term ‘unwrought’, as used here, includes
alloys unless these are separately identified.
Magnesite and magnesia – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘magnesia’, as used here, includes
dead-burned, sintered and caustic-burned
(caustic calcined) material
Manganese – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Mercury – production
(1) Several countries are believed to have
unrecorded production of mercury from copper
electrowinning processes and by recovery from
effluents
Salt – production
(1) Refined salt is excluded
(2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries
for which statistics are not available.
Mica – exports and imports
(1) Data show unmanufactured mica and include
sheet, block, splittings, ground and waste, unless
these are separately specified. Mica powder is
included under the term ‘ground’
Sillimanite minerals – production
(1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite
minerals but details of output are not reported
(2) Production capacity for synthetic mullite also
exists in the United Kingdom but output is
believed to be zero
Molybdenum – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Sillimanite minerals – exports and imports
(1) ‘Sillimanite minerals’ is understood to include any
or all of andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite and mullite
Nickel – smelter/refinery production
(1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel
content of ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel
salts
Silver – exports and imports
(1) Excluding silver coin but including silver shipped
for minting
(2) The term ‘metal’ includes both unwrought and
partly worked silver and alloys
Nickel – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ nickel corresponds to item
7502 of the Harmonised System which excludes
all electro-plating anodes
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Crude petroleum – production
(1) The figures include natural gas liquids
Natural gas – production
(1) Flared or reinjected gas is excluded as far as
possible
Natural Gas – exports and imports
(1) This table includes both liquified natural gas (HS
code: 271111) in tonnes and natural gas in
gaseous state (HS code 271121) in tonnes of oil
equivalent
(2) To convert figures from million tonnes (of oil
equivalent) to billion m3, multiply by 1.11
Platinum group metals – production
(1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of
platinum group metals thought to be recovered
from ores originating in the country stated
(2) Concentrates produced in Spain are believed to
be processed in China to recover platinum group
metals
Platinum group metals – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘Platinum’ and/or ‘Platinum metals’
includes unwrought, partly worked and alloys
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit except
where the only obtainable figure is the value. In
these cases the national currency figure has been
converted to £ sterling
(3) See explanatory notes regarding currency
conversion
Rare earths – exports and imports
(1) Rare earths are here taken to include yttrium and
scandium
Tantalum and niobium – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Tin – smelter production
(1) Figures include both primary and secondary metal
Tin – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ tin corresponds to item 8001
of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots,
pigs, unwrought bars, sticks, etc
Titanium minerals – production
(1) The figures refer to gross tonnage of titanium
concentrates
Titanium – exports and imports
(1) Significant quantities of titanium slag are traded,
but it is not always possible to identify this
material in national trade accounts
(2) So far as possible, the term ‘oxides’, includes
oxides and oxide based pigments classified under
Harmonised System items 2823 and 3206.10
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Tungsten – exports and imports
(1) Significant amounts of tungsten are traded in the
forms of ammonium paratungstate (APT) and
carbide. Though statistics are included where
available, most countries do not separately
distinguish these forms in their trade accounts
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
Uranium – mine production
(1) Excludes uranium production from
decommissioning operations.
xiii
Vanadium – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘pentoxide’ also includes vanadium
oxides and hydroxides, if any
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
xiv
Zinc – exports and imports
(1) The term ‘unwrought’ zinc corresponds to item
7901 of the Harmonised System and comprises
blocks, pigs, slabs, etc
Zirconium – exports and imports
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under
Iron, Steel and Ferro-alloys
STATISTICAL TABLES BY COUNTRY
Austria
Austria
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel (a)
Crushed rock (a)
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Copper, refined
Graphite (b)
Gypsum (c)
Iron ore (d)
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-vanadium
Kaolin
Lead, refined
Magnesite
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Rock salt
Salt in brine
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (e)
Talc
Tungsten, mine
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
29 230 545
25 248 136
32 440 624
33 867 686
30 238 150
29 784 794
30 182 855
24 399 380
35 507 353
26 866 150
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
221 684
5 518 303
81 400
—
1 063 844
2 152 825
5 908 000
7 577 000
287 911
6 131 257
106 700
250
1 087 259
2 032 671
5 795 000
7 594 000
160 223
4 847 862
96 200
750
910 945
2 002 131
4 353 000
5 662 000
54 369
4 499 402
113 700
420
872 273
2 068 853
5 621 000
7 206 000
131 734
4 700 040
112 500
925
815 438
2 206 910
5 815 000
7 474 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
5 000
3 000
6 500
16 929
28 500
811 556
900
853 548
1 835
4 500
2 000
6 300
16 460
26 900
837 476
500
861 639
1 544
4 000
2 500
6 200
18 148
22 200
544 716
700
905 031
1 559
4 000
2 500
8 000
18 914
25 500
757 063
1 000
875 969
1 713
4 000
2 500
8 000
18 897
26 200
867 912
1 000
838 052
1 591
tonnes
tonnes
1 172
735 724
503
866 674
50
1 035 044
95
1 071 842
169
1 150 474
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
50 501
153 409
1 117
48 024
154 577
1 122
48 624
111 388
887
40 512
138 367
975
48 612
132 018
861
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
3 394 988
3 130 358
2 634 211
2 828 621
2 646 753
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8 294
111 571
91 960
3 023
5 589
4 120
109 757
90 825
2 440
5 225
2 332
98 966
118 028
1 276
4 350
3 236
151 559
122 057
345
3 447
2 344
209 748
105 138
618
4 954
tonnes
12
1
1
8
5
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
189 450
314 112
59 361
243 906
344 338
82 570
146 991
272 440
56 934
46 560
213 082
50 592
173 312
330 710
25 432
tonnes
tonnes
491
14 739
833
6 596
333
5 845
4
10 245
1 163
2 138
tonnes
19
31
60
72
60
Notes
(1) Austria is also believed to produce arsenic and bentonite
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Sales
Crude
Including anhydrite
Including micaceous iron oxide
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Cobalt
Metal
2
Austria
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Metal (a)
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (b)
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 323
38 642
34
82 951
1 239
719
35 582
75
114 903
938
3 109
50 748
217
115 480
1 058
960
52 702
7 636
135 132
804
0
55 454
7 780
128 551
690
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
£85 000
£2 792 000
£115 000
4 455
15 058
£71 000
£5 778 000
£165 000
3 043
15 194
£189 000
£4 053 000
£260 000
3 286
14 025
£729 000
£3 564 000
£225 000
3 467
13 474
£3 302 000
£6 211 000
£ 66 000
2 756
11 807
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
14 900
17 300
7 460
18 700
2 200
8 853
18 800
2 700
6 260
27 800
5 900
9 518
22 500
2 900
9 936
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
89 128
121 473
324
26 402
89 906
139
20 694
78 839
339
19 124
55 927
564
23 007
76 548
413
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 958
9 100
5 166
286 765
1 279 775
2 292
7 539
7 541
5 412
284 063
1 351 725
2 445
2 354
5 953
4 795
187 410
1 067 926
8 954
4 476
2 618
7 403
190 343
1 034 398
27 908
3
1 690
597
293 647
950 865
6 588
tonnes
tonnes
13 629
1 018
13 844
600
12 512
2 173
16 427
871
15 619
729
tonnes
45
28
10
170
166
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
760
57 964
5 000
4 234
602
28 779
200
4 274
1 746
26 716
2 000
3 328
989
39 589
(a)* 3 300
4 303
780
79 519
(a)* 1 600
4 245
tonnes
* 3 500
* 3 000
* 1 800
* 2 300
* 2 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 208
333
2 688 210
1 910
225
2 812 303
1 775
265
2 164 960
1 606
208
2 645 056
2 709
234
2 945 349
kilograms
kilograms
£30 801 000
£621 000
£52 298 000
£621 000
£38 485 000
£295 000
£83 434 000
£1 070 000
£110 119 000
£757 000
tonnes
13 595
14 613
13 843
20 259
19 304
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
359
2 596
9 039
235 775
373
2 702
8 508
388 681
244
2 035
8 437
491 981
258
1 936
8 658
500 126
452
1 167
4 902
392 506
kilograms
115 100
95 000
98 600
100 300
136 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 645
3 006
492
153 457
2 672
3 292
3 906
135 390
1 740
472
7 423
106 423
2 794
90
1 145
106 271
2 887
140
746
115 967
tonnes
13
20
35
27
29
tonnes
tonnes
167
103
177
141
71
53
60
49
98
56
3
Austria
Exports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal (a)
Zinc
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
576
4 885
717
6 444
203
5 344
129
5 956
224
4 794
tonnes
* 1 600
* 1 600
* 4 300
* 3 000
* 2 400
tonnes
tonnes
14 682
2 132
13 794
8 176
5 703
6 052
8 532
5 757
9 776
8 583
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
4
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
3 961 223
3 447 013
2 924 359
2 284 169
2 184 095
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
16 717
49 728
16 056
140 286
250 209
161 995
21 727
55 639
20 205
154 792
218 902
170 315
2 370
27 193
13 219
103 145
175 583
168 055
8 489
47 681
12 914
177 751
239 493
268 845
7 842
53 232
12 821
197 795
280 502
282 707
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
104
277
4 898
58 727
63
245
6 234
68 703
64
192
2 733
66 575
37
249
3 115
90 229
214
204
4 711
83 313
tonnes
kilograms
42
463 900
148
488 000
80
65 300
130
318 400
138
238 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
520 714
626 723
39 568
456 127
753 529
40 766
404 998
639 545
52 715
407 616
637 550
71 535
393 132
913 116
60 349
tonnes
tonnes
39 071
14 480
42 008
8 006
25 891
4 325
54 945
6 109
20 921
7 868
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 509 917
53 331
13 045
4 118 906
46 392
26 474
4 082 877
72 734
30 538
3 618 128
68 777
34 999
3 365 054
74 609
35 695
tonnes
tonnes
631
4
740
40
331
5
653
10
718
9
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
91 043
26 678
20 614
2 485
113 109
39 590
8 855
1 866
134 063
24 445
4 868
1 617
145 903
36 218
10 361
1 412
130 675
44 412
16 680
1 376
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£957 000
£6 405 000
£884 000
26 000 000
13 710
3 816
2 517
£1 648 000
£8 881 000
£473 000
33 000 000
12 561
1 928
3 405
£543 000
£9 795 000
£313 000
17 000 000
16 327
1 933
1 956
£729 000
£9 838 000
£193 000
30 000 000
13 324
2 433
3 490
£3 445 000
£19 112 000
£5 500
38 000 000
12 798
2 804
2 911
Austria
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore (b)
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Lithium
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
30 900
100
17 757
72 300
400
30 863
86 500
1 700
4 622
56 600
1 400
18 501
63 500
2 400
21 867
14 651
97 281
145 500
9 061 870
10 118
67 712
139 700
7 996 632
12 098
73 588
204 100
6 095 762
22 432
70 850
213 000
9 309 860
84 817
72 696
198 500
9 966 338
69 614
31 775
49 977
1 746
38 857
30 340
1 370
956
1 692
26 180
793
796
193
16 581
208 910
1 371 393
218 813
43 663
56 471
47 748
2 021
36 491
22 322
1 552
1 125
2 011
27 850
879
1 277
350
15 601
191 426
1 629 170
226 682
30 084
13 980
20 400
1 843
18 962
17 927
801
665
1 095
12 825
388
208
33
7 288
46 762
1 196 327
192 860
25 355
13 537
29 355
3 681
17 840
22 976
742
1 061
1 232
27 063
471
552
166
11 497
159 527
991 574
194 396
30 367
18 585
38 422
4 956
21 671
19 931
1 402
1 191
2 497
33 709
630
715
1 038
10 180
186 929
1 016 301
187 831
27 015
27 475
21 580
19 391
31 675
248
333
327
402
463
933
317 952
2 319
248 037
937
21 708
848
272 232
1 512
214 788
383
17 543
5 322
722
215
14 275
587
857
184
11 512
360
492
152
16 696
383
874
334
21 123
200
656
1 243
1 502
430
548
951
605
7 874
7 645 010
6 988 269
106 018
1 164
10 511
7 945 639
7 136 000
(c)* 158 000
367
4 142
7 428 183
7 566 509
(c)* 58 000
440
6 894
6 770 069
8 697 934
(c)* 160 000
527
9 231
7 358 582
9 390 448
61 030
1 100
...
700
100
1 600
—
1 400
100
4 100
21 400
13 026
123 747
26 199
10 432
119 347
25 862
4 241
28 000
9 139
15 074
105 299
18 201
9 595
102 028
9 418
512
3 431
3 762
143 538
3 160
561
3 487
3 589
105 335
2 639
269
1 985
2 471
230 979
1 353
550
1 766
3 375
293 799
2 089
325
1 310
1 646
291 187
2 224
151 600
441 900
431 500
481 800
804 000
3 809
84 659
5 556
3 754
89 038
17 842
1 614
68 881
14 961
3 154
75 065
15 331
3 321
70 892
22 109
5
Austria
Imports continued
Commodity
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (d)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Vanadiferous residues
Ores and concentrates
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
58 500
68 797
37 648
74 554
93 985
tonnes
70
—
—
17
4
tonnes
2 486
2 679
1 915
2 923
3 403
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
451
3 851
26 856
520
2 455
30 861
362
1 346
28 258
477
1 381
28 288
580
2 590
32 258
tonnes
tonnes
548
...
435
...
369
568
632
1 268
1 471
1 241
tonnes
tonnes
* 37 000
543
* 36 000
460
* 35 000
...
* 46 000
...
* 46 000
...
tonnes
tonnes
65 391
33 939
61 877
33 911
37 864
27 886
37 560
34 411
47 394
38 759
tonnes
2 054
2 163
1 298
1 680
1 994
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(d) Including alloys
6
Belgium
Belgium
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel (a)(b)
Crushed rock (a)(c)
White arsenic
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Cobalt metal (d)
Copper, refined
Indium
Pig iron
Crude steel
Kaolin
Lead, refined
Selenium metal
Tin, smelter
Slab zinc
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 8 600 000
* 43 000 000
* 1 000
* 8 600 000
* 42 000 000
* 1 000
* 8 000 000
* 43 000 000
* 1 000
* 8 000 000
* 44 000 000
* 1 000
* 8 000 000
* 44 000 000
* 1 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
6 930 000
2 825
394 000
* 30
6 577 000
10 692 000
* 300 000
117 000
* 200
8 400
254 000
...
7 135 000
3 020
395 800
* 30
6 977 000
10 673 000
* 300 000
104 000
* 200
9 200
251 000
1 123 722
6 113 000
2 150
373 700
* 30
3 087 000
5 635 000
* 300 000
109 000
* 200
8 700
137 000
858 871
5 990 000
2 600
389 000
* 30
4 688 000
7 973 000
* 300 000
121 000
* 200
9 900
281 000
* 900 000
6 844 000
3 187
393 600
* 30
4 700 000
8 026 000
* 300 000
119 000
* 200
10 000
282 000
Notes
(1) Belgium is also believed to produce sulphur
(2) Germanium is also believed to be recovered from imported or domestic material in Belgium
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Deliveries
Includes construction sand and silica sand. Excludes gravel
Includes gravel
Some metal production in China is recorded in Belgium
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
15 588 032
15 097 819
13 354 957
12 427 043
13 083 592
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
75 904
13 629
164 800
37 009
188 642
53 444
4 858
160 684
32 273
179 137
44 530
5 666
121 708
22 665
219 846
48 683
7 516
257 888
14 204
274 819
37 533
21 284
150 542
30 285
321 484
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
301
974
11 643
228
494
9 636
530
533
8 811
433
776
10 599
274
732
10 417
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
117
506
18 504
77
1 381
34 034
42
2 638
36 263
114
3 216
28 632
120
213
28 512
tonnes
kilograms
355
17 271 400
162
20 752 500
413
17 466 300
1
12 619 000
6
25 002 100
tonnes
tonnes
181
6 160
442
4 677
452
4 033
459
4 413
545
3 734
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
916 787
2 008 842
575 332
893 494
1 960 360
556 870
936 451
1 722 252
417 798
582 766
1 676 150
410 909
744 707
1 729 402
353 126
tonnes
tonnes
11 339
635
48 086
772
15 562
1 226
18 415
1 311
13 945
1 010
7
Belgium
Exports continued
Commodity
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal (a)
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Crude petroleum
Diamond
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
8
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 454 115
3 670 706
130
6 812
1 400 377
4 416 217
10 581
11 331
675 097
4 640 602
7 267
11 452
1 652 015
4 211 655
18 781
18 899
1 915 992
2 560 811
42 164
40 374
tonnes
tonnes
1 204
* 21 600
1 112
* 7 000
1 227
* 4 700
633
* 4 400
2 431
* 2 400
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 061
1 104
188 318
10 730
199 650
14 593
2 422 211
2 155
4 139
162 090
10 533
257 907
10 954
2 496 349
4 594
2 432
110 355
11 570
248 500
9 253
2 390 390
4 549
6 935
141 380
42 836
189 253
12 116
2 593 653
2 046
9 042
165 713
40 660
187 595
11 763
2 278 613
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
135 000 000
8 001 010
1 000 000
27 000 000
1 140
190
105 822
99 500 000
5 950 000
500 000
84 955 146
2 612
994
156 066
85 500 000
5 178 000
1 670 000
66 748 549
1 907
1 117
84 491
113 000 000
6 034 000
3 320 000
89 603 589
3 004
64
122 483
90 500 000
6 232 100
3 170 746
85 513 940
3 122
317
118 782
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
24 697
128 400
438
24 538
134 500
3 815
25 683
29 100
2 634
22 842
173 700
993
6 200
67 800
1 316
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
54 953
3 039
2 633 100
41 440
89 626
3 817
3 560 100
85 701
113 954
1 823
2 582 300
178 567
92 533
177 046
3 989 500
366 331
101 382
(a)* 195 000
3 584 800
455 069
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
275 388
36 997
54 201
15 141
16 124
52 431
20 153
68 383
10 391
5 869
1 008 252
2 957 464
611 902
283 034
20 732
38 927
12 463
24 024
40 777
17 759
54 905
12 686
6 673
908 563
3 250 800
1 030 076
160 120
14 655
20 403
15 645
9 915
31 374
16 396
47 214
2 988
5 954
279 680
3 245 159
783 512
254 854
35 395
25 965
5 849
26 544
48 652
19 593
23 071
4 137
8 522
487 535
3 754 403
523 697
255 067
10 029
23 538
1 549
41 161
47 762
20 134
33 676
16 124
8 396
484 510
3 533 560
232 664
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
96 059
111 338
19 974
114 105
95 878
18 336
148 562
108 442
21 962
101 160
145 571
21 479
167 055
130 655
18 945
tonnes
tonnes
1 370
4 915
1 281
3 567
781
3 042
2 284
4 539
1 890
4 428
tonnes
tonnes
1 761
64 293
1 911
81 909
876
59 644
1 235
96 513
914
58 237
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
15 819
4 060
3 300
3 226
8 578
1 947
110 800
2 127
5 192
714
1 400
1 562
4 444
1 185
11 500
1 590
9 982
1 625
600
2 363
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
22 340
556
829
11 314
243
379
15 581
105
91
24 396
371
83
25 337
128
366
Belgium
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Rare earths
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
68
4 954
1 423
15 642
2 401
476
20 807 227
115 628
115
2 872
2 750
13 298
2 152
1 196
59 248 950
84 619
921
6 883
1 212
11 883
2 479
834
7 659 165
15 792
697
3 443
724
9 271
1 357
221
11 792 847
30 744
2 380
7 430
1 161
9 684
1 838
910
23 022 897
62 021
kilograms
kilograms
5 800
592 300
8 400
649 800
10 700
315 200
7 500
497 000
8 900
218 400
tonnes
58 108
10 631
58 784
64 018
100 097
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
253
802
55 134
47 141
299
408
61 012
62 423
273
335
125 255
39 809
476
332
288 679
53 940
110
265
354 644
51 011
kilograms
kilograms
47 600
31 000
33 100
41 900
6 200
69 900
12 300
21 800
2 149 800
197 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 391
531
165 105
75 305
368
139 619
74 232
345
112 983
21 533
193
128 526
34 087
83
125 040
tonnes
3
26
2
4
2
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
68
2 734
7 072
147
161
7 274
2 448
233
42
4 753
5 000
127
127
5 114
6 236
207
95
4 261
6 427
1 195
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
129 501
2 070
422 885
3 209
100 134
1 157
401 906
5 085
58 654
1 087
369 495
...
106 478
895
435 415
...
116 859
1 405
390 405
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
381
54
62
405
36
120
422
32
27
723
92
406
368
92
tonnes
tonnes
346
10
327
8
131
47
...
80
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
479 796
22 015
...
40 866
733 794
8 359
...
15 585
785 125
13 590
...
16 644
749 582
155 654
...
14 540
725 335
296 197
154 258
11 652
tonnes
tonnes
23 645
250
16 056
157
28 907
125
17 417
187
12 021
272
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
9
Belgium
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
10
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
21 959 821
25 172 064
22 175 332
22 484 726
23 911 051
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
85 954
27 079
45 870
437 146
317 701
193 852
88 892
13 959
34 834
319 471
236 550
196 947
40 837
7 265
29 635
322 792
126 490
204 621
75 600
19 028
34 978
517 946
193 103
228 517
52 727
20 406
52 806
412 600
218 350
257 366
tonnes
tonnes
11 904
2 218
8 837
801
7 511
624
10 280
904
9 451
831
tonnes
466
65
17
114
634
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
120
6 229
42 671
6
5 959
74 216
166
4 490
62 885
0
5 637
72 971
0
4 294
91 291
tonnes
kilograms
111
21 768 500
190
26 540 000
9
20 618 700
1
18 693 500
45
28 221 500
tonnes
tonnes
5 038
2
5 511
10
3 439
28
6 456
43
5 932
109
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
746 734
860 913
368 325
627 133
954 591
292 741
684 634
819 923
252 247
740 528
1 030 282
172 609
717 664
1 113 638
158 441
tonnes
tonnes
20 761
1 177
56 183
1 097
19 050
871
25 350
1 593
22 896
3 023
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 822 426
9 620 488
272 708
25 140
3 964 878
10 171 283
365 152
20 943
1 436 499
5 807 413
256 167
31 346
2 660 267
6 851 382
362 257
27 379
3 382 132
5 887 514
411 424
53 793
tonnes
tonnes
121
275
185
255
272
249
156
222
379
368
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21 137
6 310
312 885
224 439
28 695
2 692
12 039
4 482
249 718
206 660
54 380
1 749
17 378
36 352
215 202
212 932
79 524
2 669
10 554
29 857
272 816
191 159
61 447
4 917
13 735
41 741
255 661
206 987
34 734
5 134
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
854 021
63 500 000
3 000 000
7 500 000
17 000 000
8 483
25 951
129 159
526 381
55 000 000
4 500 000
8 000 000
63 000 000
8 353
34 837
169 219
495 270
44 000 000
500 000
3 500 000
35 000 000
6 414
27 113
91 928
462 450
63 000 000
3 000 000
3 000 000
61 000 000
11 813
24 495
134 266
418 531
67 500 000
3 000 000
1 000 000
58 000 000
10 815
22 623
145 776
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
8 100
361 400
2 309
15 600
(a)* 61 400
3 624
13 100
(a)* 115 800
5 048
10 100
(a)* 339 000
7 243
9 100
(a)* 141 000
7 473
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
1 118 068
490 242
2 774 500
1 231 279
505 792
3 586 200
702 104
424 465
3 189 200
616 338
396 873
4 087 700
683 957
507 725
3 814 500
tonnes
tonnes
9 583 765
51
12 329 299
431
3 254 834
23 648
7 567 453
45
7 425 015
...
Belgium
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Waste
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
tonnes
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
551 990
33 504
452 116
17 149
11 673
62 712
101 380
5 405
90 808
2 675
2 116
146 267
3 522
528
17 236
2 711 671
4 279 076
853 701
547 962
22 005
378 017
15 483
9 505
83 610
63 577
2 339
89 430
1 530
10 421
118 585
5 572
494
20 015
2 536 024
4 214 915
1 465 754
281 872
19 389
185 381
—
4 655
21 327
36 931
2 215
46 248
1 089
3 124
62 888
2 161
8 184
18 995
1 966 055
3 678 867
905 784
331 652
39 503
263 715
1 950
9 031
48 471
72 195
2 160
48 017
1 890
2 612
92 785
2 926
443
23 566
2 554 975
4 726 992
1 001 057
320 083
54 212
248 006
10 437
10 494
69 017
77 001
3 261
64 242
1 598
1 459
105 445
2 377
238
21 688
2 916 336
4 634 651
890 863
108 164
36 620
54 915
97 474
30 413
25 873
192 496
18 121
34 085
169 356
14 467
31 992
154 976
27 696
33 219
1 784
5 895
1 851
4 414
1 179
3 410
2 410
4 183
2 953
7 770
3 148
101 887
2 357
141 185
1 412
104 577
3 820
80 845
2 076
70 954
79 022
6 403
7 800
83 909
4 423
133 100
61 980
3 076
15 700
49 731
4 377
57 200
49 393
5 466
12 500
417
3 461
4 364
2 155
5 409
2 067
3 454
3 507
45
2 636
4 086
8
2 395
4 722
120
43 932
752
2 796
37 964
358
2 075
37 101
344
968
46 899
142
694
42 498
235
1 204
1 194
9 946
37 466
403
241
34 847 065
11 194 656
1 512 059
1 250
566
29 492
723
618
35 556 835
11 419 294
1 458 207
499
288
12 037
1 915
565
32 376 828
14 431 349
579 326
330
918
15 052
469
700
35 234 358
14 144 704
1 114 210
598
1 553
19 170
574
1 033
34 059 177
13 250 074
1 076 842
500
300
1 200
1 000
400
128 173
912 264
10 275
175 205
912 154
10 125
73 074
428 365
7 668
129 152
1 173 213
13 668
120 335
1 259 385
13 771
297
489
353
2
1 209 879
259
258
142
3
1 174 539
323
419
292
62
1 319 896
411
323
172
2
1 751 650
205
289
58
0
2 001 517
52 061
837 300
6 683
2 149
40 549
432
53 115
1 955
50 427
1 690
11
Belgium
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
kilograms
kilograms
195 900
418 100
253 700
351 300
1 567 600
225 700
6 000 300
86 500
7 619 600
71 100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
503 523
311
202 584
611 170
1 852
194 823
460 990
750
149 757
592 348
621
183 625
562 688
473
175 662
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17
1 639
2 719
3 907
318
1 100
2 235
2 422
16
1 350
2 638
2 327
200
1 131
3 289
3 560
488
847
2 785
3 551
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
221 156
3 800
144 760
204 688
3 739
132 327
110 028
2 132
108 582
181 688
1 743
* 314 200
213 276
1 582
114 760
tonnes
tonnes
510
72
401
45
326
35
402
31
321
20
tonnes
tonnes
162
64
200
38
123
94
...
123
...
95
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 100 875
208 819
12 115
59 769
(a)* 805 000
205 745
8 075
40 657
(a)* 444 500
237 741
13 299
61 433
1 129 207
189 980
10 613
68 233
1 182 797
280 492
11 844
66 665
tonnes
tonnes
17 593
469
17 337
433
28 897
213
17 469
370
12 317
480
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
12
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth, mine
Cadmium
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Coal
Lignite
Brown coal
Copper, mine
Copper, refined
Copper, smelter
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold, mine
Gypsum
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-silicon
Kaolin
Lead, mine (a)
Lead, refined
Manganese ore
Perlite
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Silver, mine
Zinc, mine (a)
Slab zinc
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
17 607 212
12 199 339
50 900
99 000
* 45
318
19 697 937
21 094 047
40 100
178 700
* 45
376
12 882 651
15 667 880
14 300
108 400
* 45
413
5 199 000
16 876 900
500
99 700
* 45
389
10 134 216
16 851 576
200
53 900
* 45
* 430
tonnes
tonnes
...
* 4 290 000
3 509 817
4 900 336
1 858 850
2 660 176
2 071 100
—
1 475 700
1 891 981
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
25 325 000
2 833 500
116 157
69 900
217 600
* 90 000
—
3 964
234 300
1 069 000
1 909 000
26 007 800
2 643 200
107 195
114 200
257 100
* 90 000
—
4 160
21 200
441 000
1 330 000
25 014 800
2 243 800
110 652
183 600
256 200
* 80 000
32
4 482
127 600
—
726 000
27 148 300
2 321 200
112 904
195 400
265 000
* 80 000
10
4 489
109 200
—
744 000
34 496 200
2 743 500
114 603
201 100
285 000
* 80 000
31 800
5 302
114 800
—
835 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
* 10 000
* 240 000
17 768
87 000
27 900
13 900
25 700
295
2 000 000
* 55 000
98 100
14 453
6 000
* 220 000
14 577
90 900
39 100
7 400
23 000
218
2 100 000
* 55 000
101 700
12 819
* 3 000
* 140 000
12 981
83 100
28 300
14 800
23 800
15
1 300 000
* 55 000
92 700
9 339
*—
* 190 000
12 705
80 600
106 000
—
22 400
74
1 900 000
* 55 000
92 300
9 904
*—
* 250 000
14 369
71 000
85 600
—
21 400
443
2 200 000
* 55 000
83 300
10 977
Notes
(1) Bulgaria is also believed to produce chromite, magnesite and sulphur
(a) Metal content of ore
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
330 088
268 120
76 129
262 166
325 857
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 290
23 577
50 922
74 412
8 931
18 478
46 907
103 106
2 775
20 577
14 326
79 359
6 798
31 728
505
72 183
7 555
26 302
231
67 118
tonnes
434
374
569
474
421
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
353 996
52 803
1 067
120 588
130 932
22 589
14 836
109 923
394
5 246
164 404
1 772
8 131
190 570
6 516
tonnes
tonnes
17 358
—
36 095
53
11 511
5 862
76 508
9 525
126 229
2 744
13
Bulgaria
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Scrap
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap (b)
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Titanium
Metal
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (c)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
168 155
6 335
11 590
139 251
45 761
22 519
105 889
3 559
10 547
146 271
105 747
16 912
134 910
4 749
10 717
73 379
153 025
15 007
86 171
5 048
18 226
7 926
206 309
19 087
131 874
5 827
12 982
10 844
353 450
19 329
tonnes
kilograms
1 439
51 610
787
200
11 965
300
3 641
600
10 953
600
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
62 032
6 845
4 972
2 072
2 374
135 710
677 347
160 372
23 553
288
2 076
550
46
85 466
740 414
139 069
1 420
...
2 890
9 867
1
54 115
510 997
119 736
1 141
19
980
2 115
3
30 327
949 000
159 669
854
1
248
312
7
24 822
850 898
197 114
tonnes
tonnes
23 417
66 384
9 555
80 972
4 188
77 713
4 611
78 977
9 331
68 472
tonnes
19 335
17 369
29 715
163 257
91 110
tonnes
99
123
132
122
355
tonnes
20
48
364
1 220
2
kilograms
tonnes
* 94 700
13 943
* 1 400
8 239
* 44 000
2 689
* 16 000
1 078
* 23 000
6 074
kilograms
kilograms
...
49 468
...
36 516
...
58 565
...
37 300
8 900
35 200
tonnes
33 039
28 993
20 840
40 286
38 097
tonnes
28
835
2
—
849
tonnes
33
20
2
80
11
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 384
90 573
1 511
7 982
96 678
1 293
2 076
87 008
2 226
22
81 332
1 949
1 607
71 894
2 021
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(c) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
14
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
41 782
41 256
22 189
14 843
15 075
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 368
39 850
19 617
3 554
1 370
42 738
18 557
4 028
1 859
39 759
16 050
3 014
2 887
44 468
27 444
6 897
1 875
43 192
35 685
4 625
tonnes
100
35
40
45
38
tonnes
30
12
11
3
10
Bulgaria
Imports continued
Commodity
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Crude petroleum
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
2 979
3 386
2 422
2 548
2 591
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
123 806
5 690
1 829
248 737
13 645
1 110
45 002
481 991
955
16 167
448 220
2 510
17 478
431 780
6 147
tonnes
969
793
637
671
971
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 229 619
2 415 165
112 775
2 841 458
2 054 649
66 676
1 938 000
1 130 146
10 238
1 858 397
1 081 783
46 754
2 203 775
1 032 074
19
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
539 325
10 025
28 226
12 899
609 258
34 997
30 422
23 856
635 039
15 160
8 016
20 730
575 192
13 642
8 272
35 464
836 387
2 006
12 441
52 461
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 770 306
436
35 851
1 326
7 623 860
587
31 346
651
4 940 300
404
54 178
778
7 251 395
249
86 861
700
8 000 000
310
86 056
1 742
kilograms
tonnes
1 676
250
8 692
158
56
132
55
66
1 596
65
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
8 240
58 880
6 500
12 223
70 280
2 900
15 830
42 086
2 900
6 239
44 383
2 300
11 399
37 323
2 800
tonnes
tonnes
919 785
464 580
208 559
188 923
3 110
15 831
7 991
16 653
1 265
16 679
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
26 932
31 306
916
7 981
3 336
2 977
2 390
462 348
295 555
29 717
27 941
1 282
656
4 206
4 325
3 331
1 906
567 381
237 055
28 748
6 736
14 572
182
3 137
3 479
1 152
1 033
306 020
202 276
20 623
14 781
317
356
3 137
4 291
2 520
1 060
258 743
269 483
23 784
17 521
294
578
6 280
6 324
3 246
4 811
411 534
230 401
25 789
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
92 929
15 854
3 338
4 670
119 522
15 529
5 830
6 296
63 185
10 182
12 145
3 180
81 307
7 283
17 462
5 678
74 810
21 566
4 627
11 378
tonnes
27 602
—
20
5
133
tonnes
47
15
47
10
193
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
195
7 162 499
462 247
204
7 262 658
534 734
90
5 770 397
309 564
125
5 355 541
455 539
201
4 999 511
570 288
kilograms
82 367
613
16
17
5
tonnes
tonnes
4 845
71 848
4 633
103 007
1 970
102 272
7 985
215 355
3 210
214 732
kilograms
10 521
2 189
871
2 408
4 300
tonnes
tonnes
1 039
688
487
1 048
162
747
161
512
291
985
tonnes
51
69
22
47
359
15
Bulgaria
Imports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Zirconium
Concentrates
Note
(a) Including alloys
16
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
712
78
5 398
42
203
5 955
105
65
5 329
506
19
5 675
486
46
6 454
tonnes
50
9
26
86
16
tonnes
tonnes
208 313
3 330
146 655
5 095
147 579
2 480
167 107
1 761
166 553
2 765
tonnes
1 357
1 081
573
781
609
Croatia
Croatia
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Bentonite
Gypsum
Crude steel
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
...
19 578
170 721
76 252
911 207
2 892
32 536
7 275 077
19 759
* 250 000
121 759
867 027
2 729
54 937
6 583 880
—
318 139
54 266
807 424
2 591
57 186
3 646 572
—
248 675
103 429
748 791
2 727
66 835
5 012 106
—
231 008
95 440
691 197
2 471
53 963
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
3 334 229
2 950 159
3 087 216
1 858 348
992 712
tonnes
20 886
17 769
15 779
22 346
23 009
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
310 378
855 579
94 185
235 377
667 503
468 597
169 394
615 827
276 981
176 403
639 236
601 470
103 281
1 189 738
180 836
tonnes
12 378
10 884
10 202
13 329
12 597
kilograms
246
88
140
256
1 408
tonnes
4 808
4 738
3 119
10
66
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
520
34
427 540
3 286
3 486
357 487
3 397
7
302 085
6 526
2 495
357 015
5 254
30 004
517 438
tonnes
tonnes
3 590
540 782
1 872
457 192
1 025
570 296
1 697
347 567
1 842
180 323
kilograms
tonnes
18 314
3 986
27 018
4 530
27 959
9 995
53 996
20 721
24 958
24 561
tonnes
8 614
7 604
8 664
6 565
14 256
tonnes
489
417
331
117
172
tonnes
683
700
708
518
676
Note
(1) Croatia is also believed to produce sulphur
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Copper
Scrap
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Scrap
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Salt
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Scrap
17
Croatia
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iron ore (b)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (c)
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Including alloys
18
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
4 583 241
4 618 579
1 871 236
926 574
1 366 197
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
115 367
54 067
22 039
98
7 633
107 237
57 828
20 786
1 525
39 289
72 103
37 828
28 251
889
22 383
85 634
50 354
29 270
710
7 852
66 169
45 493
40 783
125
16 906
tonnes
10
8
—
1
0
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
27 488
340 112
5 242
50
393 886
7 447
1
393 613
10 620
967
344 352
7 619
144
326 526
4 200
tonnes
tonnes
584
280
568
394
282
307
143
419
190
345
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 101 803
62 789
2 604
1 189 379
58 417
2 796
712 873
47 504
1 730
1 112 822
85 413
1 823
1 092 794
85 316
2 302
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
729
610
16 212
149
880
511
15 983
289
760
462
14 603
165
944
402
14 763
146
1 627
555
14 001
3 527
kilograms
1 608
693
1 221
310
11
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
48 775
37 034
14 444
38 120
34 224
17 177
14 470
22 154
12 057
1 608
14 076
20 147
11 421
12 709
2 123
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 011
3 027
20 953
29 553
21 845
1 872
15 031
4 790
20 077
19 400
24 009
1 682
8 420
2 239
19 396
10 628
14 486
1 289
10 343
4 051
6 514
30 395
10 238
1 208
14 072
2 490
1 943
44 335
11 278
1 061
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
586
4 285 565
700 955
327 936
64
3 476 266
855 326
328 599
53
4 044 874
738 109
117 441
23
3 517 452
587 846
51 010
30
2 838 313
579 005
67 007
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
159 288
3 564
104 066
157 994
2 958
176 408
10 538
1 091
197 644
132 471
1 749
287 609
102 879
3 717
190 963
kilograms
3 684
3 293
2 353
3 212
3 868
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
71 965
2 425
1 985
32
98 785
4
1 709
...
10 349
51
1 721
...
2 877
105
1 813
...
2 752
156
1 578
tonnes
3 244
2 989
2 697
3 000
2 911
tonnes
4 674
4 656
3 149
3 029
2 886
Cyprus
Cyprus
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Crushed rock
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Copper, mine
Copper, refined
Gypsum
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
13 129 470
154 655
14 174 480
155 125
11 467 987
152 722
12 981 444
162 969
11 816 397
160 625
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
—
1 872 531
3 012
3 012
330 000
—
1 913 620
2 986
2 986
412 000
30 286
1 480 843
2 380
2 380
317 000
—
1 328 763
2 595
2 595
333 000
—
1 206 786
3 660
3 660
335 000
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
148 994
124 576
38 469
—
2
tonnes
tonnes
4 745
156 871
4 409
92 089
5 934
95 674
6 896
98 803
6 310
114 923
tonnes
tonnes
0
51 022
0
—
24 215
27 324
—
12 866
—
42 438
tonnes
tonnes
3 006
2 122
2 986
2 381
2 449
3 400
2 550
4 619
3 660
4 086
tonnes
203 109
279 902
236 427
250 034
248 284
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
63 662
...
769
72 106
2 960
956
80 349
...
2 910
96 654
—
7 929
138 529
...
6 260
tonnes
1 746
...
118
90
46
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Scrap
Phosphate rock
Salt
Zinc
Scrap
19
Cyprus
Imports
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Coal
Hard coal (a)
tonnes
Diamond
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals (b)
kilograms
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Titanium
Oxides
tonnes
15 497
28 990
11 564
2 648
1 517
13 868
10 556
13 408
12 496
8 721
5 709
9 211
4 629
7 073
142
17 498
1 017
66 787
29 311
15 455
249
29 579
2 512
69 780
545
56 896
46 258
28 911
7 714
129
£1 311 000
£1 042 000
£1 564 000
£1 311 000
£1 724 000
£587 000
£955 000
£1 007 000
£976 000
£1 536 000
12 932
15 045
10 807
9 292
6 461
* 700
* 400
...
* 900
* 400
0
0
12 208
0
0
13 445
0
...
16 822
24
18
23 836
0
...
20 998
3 746
2 863
1 993
1 200
2 200
995
343
895
521
1 011
290
951
307
625
267
1 243
1 603
1 189
1 299
1 141
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
20
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Coal
Bituminous
Lignite
Brown coal
Diatomite
Feldspar
Graphite
Gypsum
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-vanadium
Kaolin (a)
Lead, refined
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Uranium, mine
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
28 233 000
43 214 000
335 000
27 306 000
44 277 000
235 000
23 974 000
41 307 000
177 000
19 240 000
37 270 000
183 000
21 424 000
36 717 000
160 000
tonnes
tonnes
3 127 530
4 898 530
3 137 828
4 804 845
2 433 746
3 851 100
2 260 561
3 558 536
2 617 072
4 052 558
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
12 462 000
437 000
49 134 000
19 000
514 000
3 000
66 000
5 287 000
7 059 000
12 197 000
416 000
47 456 000
31 000
488 000
3 000
35 000
4 737 000
6 387 000
10 621 000
262 000
45 354 000
—
431 000
—
13 000
3 483 000
4 594 000
11 193 000
—
43 931 000
32 000
388 000
—
5 000
3 987 000
5 180 000
10 967 000
—
46 848 000
46 000
407 000
—
11 000
4 137 000
5 583 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes (metal content)
* 1 700
682 000
34 000
240 000
148
322
* 2 800
664 000
36 000
236 000
168
290
* 1 900
488 000
29 000
217 000
180
286
* 3 400
636 000
30 000
173 000
201
259
* 4 600
660 000
34 000
163 000
187
252
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
716 787
699 987
597 101
683 786
1 010 339
tonnes
tonnes
54 457
61 067
53 682
59 196
59 913
49 251
51 307
71 467
53 600
89 690
tonnes
tonnes
139
97 358
133
105 403
89
99 584
71
120 859
107
143 788
tonnes
2
3
—
19
3
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
29 924
458 701
151 422
19 039
436 600
196 133
85 427
374 515
156 650
88 236
402 537
218 689
169
844 920
232
tonnes
tonnes
800
946
507
594
369
662
764
21
1 140
103
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 684
6 729 290
1 076 140
112 450
6 393
5 987 431
1 561 097
75 459
2 783
6 025 794
1 207 715
93 479
1 126
6 443 306
1 019 645
90 864
3 463
6 253 274
1 071 038
103 816
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 752
3 548
58 534
3 597
4 278
63 825
10 653
3 992
105 230
11 041
3 515
123 688
10 703
2 884
85 202
Notes
(1) Czech Republic is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Beneficiated
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
21
Czech Republic
Exports continued
Commodity
Diamond
Gem, cut
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Mercury
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£ 529 000
1 094
168 259
8 415
£ 3 947 000
4 128
171 596
4 488
£ 3 046 000
3 789
135 533
6 147
£ 4 465 000
4 231
129 715
10 575
£ 7 709 000
5 182
166 859
10 564
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
3 900
6 100
4 029
4 000
5 200
4 076
9 800
5 600
2 150
12 000
4 400
3 154
21 400
2 700
3 417
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
105 394
5 973
1 000
60 018
7 881
300
10 195
6 430
500
48 605
5 235
1 000
103 363
3 448
2 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
31 182
8 254
1 685
8 704
1 118
587 296
1 678 565
173 251
30 457
8 780
2 830
13 897
1 375
500 423
1 792 889
233 819
24 041
4 285
1 868
12 274
783
222 780
1 442 865
174 814
65 473
9 806
3 440
23 873
847
320 821
1 814 398
485 203
45 677
7 354
4 603
6 732
584
356 146
2 011 915
537 962
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
16 707
6 855
3 988
3 600
18 713
8 136
4 540
6 300
23 617
4 832
3 728
6 400
32 743
1 914
3 809
1 100
27 649
2 357
7 096
1 700
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 245
171
617
16 573
—
732
601
758
643
18 130
—
1 091
2 420
228
275
21 600
834 462
817
4 558
126
341
18 239
1 318 872
—
3 427
272
338
18 685
1 115 748
...
kilograms
kilograms
(b)* 800
1 900
3 400
700
5 200
—
6 800
—
2 900
15 300
tonnes
3 096
3 322
6 843
4 235
4 780
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6
6
18 760
3
5
14 116
3
0
31 068
3
3
51 289
2
...
41 658
kilograms
102 968
117 325
77 000
74 600
399 700
tonnes
tonnes
5 579
340
16 670
386
20 153
182
12 124
169
980
298
tonnes
66
97
62
95
110
tonnes
tonnes
253
958
86
85
76
118
276
44
18
167
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
745
126
43 166
641
84
42 860
452
339
46 753
2 378
358
45 842
504
264
45 437
tonnes
tonnes
102
605
86
592
30
307
211
803
611
903
tonnes
tonnes
18 786
2 981
17 258
2 705
19 982
2 716
5 148
4 798
5 147
4 189
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
22
Czech Republic
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
252 049
333 726
398 613
353 419
357 455
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
26 865
30 523
7 834
82 910
119 773
63 508
17 698
28 245
6 916
68 362
124 643
58 424
9 857
5 995
6 672
62 972
108 231
50 379
33 794
7 407
9 547
76 945
135 648
61 802
32 556
7 980
10 052
84 560
153 819
86 969
tonnes
tonnes
64
604
131
521
55
209
75
379
64
356
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10
6 358
23 559
26
7 388
24 239
0
4 641
25 129
0
7 004
18 472
0
7 431
39 439
tonnes
kilograms
70
7 700
78
12 000
53
2 600
106
3 100
264
...
tonnes
338
463
396
464
487
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
109 392
918 739
30 602
134 179
932 685
23 816
101 031
890 776
51 482
121 682
702 257
48 336
44 577
765 382
31 074
tonnes
tonnes
13 936
281
12 990
282
7 798
83
7 975
514
7 986
139
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
45 114
2 507 091
33 472
1 393
39 211
2 181 691
33 579
18 654
24 054
1 761 947
36 617
60 962
24 471
2 016 443
49 426
137 933
95 762
2 286 190
76 620
157 513
tonnes
108
199
220
60
60
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
15 156
3 755
8 966
11 474
3 862
8 677
21 475
3 050
9 639
6 846
3 674
11 804
6 252
3 388
18 859
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 837
43 006
£884 000
3 318
14 213
24 915
116 669
30 181
£1 369 000
4 768
11 414
3 440
7 306
7 640
£977 000
3 173
5 330
8 626
5 567
5 061
£1 704 000
2 753
6 298
14 495
6 848
17 069
£1 954 000
3 263
6 527
15 547
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
8 813
45 718
5 301
3 047
19 140
6 233
3 055
60 440
2 554
2 600
84 000
3 605
23 800
192 500
5 149
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
70 972
45 167
32 300
6 578 116
76 119
75 278
25 200
6 799 756
83 819
53 954
31 900
4 803 009
55 087
33 763
35 100
5 902 011
57 962
34 353
36 500
7 363 983
23
Czech Republic
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
24
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
108 715
20 580
34 123
6 297
35 500
52 153
2 025
41 482
440
1 697
6 584
445 181
521 779
23 461
111 872
24 791
26 043
5 778
33 704
48 962
2 049
37 230
578
1 644
5 826
525 598
502 256
20 662
47 666
10 006
14 715
3 192
23 630
34 418
949
23 936
299
836
4 408
220 524
377 942
13 228
54 625
15 391
16 962
3 784
26 204
40 732
1 868
31 908
482
1 303
5 805
651 182
410 647
14 125
76 416
24 059
10 933
3 706
25 281
41 411
2 401
33 418
472
1 518
5 809
322 206
472 576
18 733
66 060
6 519
59 318
4 672
65 896
4 150
81 762
2 901
36 233
2 763
146
64
35
66
74
6 527
52 330
4 193
54 246
3 460
38 048
7 108
38 862
4 578
40 975
16 079
757
3 200
2 262
15 715
2 542
3 700
1 958
16 063
2 219
4 400
981
25 758
984
2 400
2 513
28 810
907
4 400
740
213
130
284
560
1 040
127
184
82
118
104
294
4 429
919
7 179 766
5 478 515
33 954
473
3 728
838
8 141 759
6 264 909
20 928
1 468
2 179
319
7 451 765
7 080 247
543
1 257
2 223
393
7 770 418
7 471 522
9 917
178
3 750
399
6 968 871
7 175 884
13 163
99
477
913
42 358
47 932
4 414
81 500
600
772
25 000
17 700
7 835
2 100
100
54 300
32 745
4 215
28 052
5 025
36 125
2 430
82 710
4 773
87 248
3 410
3
228
4
567 960
0
155
5
610 149
0
124
5
711 374
13
131
6
958 474
35
117
2
858 980
4 570
1 031
5 829
857
4 227
490
3 682
758
4 089
818
...
647 818
...
1 557 076
5 700
163 316
990 200
136 000
—
1 635 700
281
55 196
57 410
12 993
1 576
43 473
65 242
11 007
299
20 986
71 033
9 312
250
14 762
82 355
9 570
247
14 945
93 289
12 686
206
253
141
265
222
616
802
937
449
651
Czech Republic
Imports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
179 323
1 086
10 529
193 858
1 122
8 765
140 394
918
7 248
155 485
779
8 857
146 778
1 333
9 372
tonnes
tonnes
837
...
206
...
4 184
...
677
150
367
219
tonnes
3 210
5 135
2 702
5 255
7 004
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
35 666
11 992
4 008
36 733
11 344
2 792
24 660
7 155
2 434
15 121
11 653
900
17 137
10 590
909
tonnes
tonnes
1 482
78
751
101
268
45
303
37
955
34
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
25
Denmark
Denmark
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Diatomite
Moler (a)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (b)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 575 651
834 988
20 093
4 637 319
936 616
22 458
1 772 956
760 536
24 040
2 041 135
640 742
23 832
1 398 101
541 931
38 300
tonnes
tonnes
21 209
2 871 402
16 092
2 538 822
122
1 578 614
3 819
1 566 624
25
1 852 804
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
92 416
15 552 000
8 757
557 917
92 108
14 338 000
9 562
496 593
82 778
13 045 000
7 980
511 063
83 756
12 090 000
7 792
601 046
80 854
10 908 900
6 263
* 600 000
tonnes (sulphur content)
3 896
3 467
4 200
3 246
3 045
Notes
(1) Denmark is also believed to produce kaolin
(a) Moler is an impure diatomite containing a large proportion of clay
(b) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Coal
Hard coal
Copper
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite (b)
Gold
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
26
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 194 349
846 490
955 036
907 149
961 853
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 471
36 831
50 164
19 495
5 300
32 499
56 727
15 734
4 002
7 505
70 649
13 004
4 661
9 515
73 402
13 787
4 958
7 382
67 000
13 827
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 673
1 094 730
16 222
7 287
969 666
25 482
7 784
568 656
20 751
11 884
731 730
3 860
2 689
813 938
4 175
tonnes
549
1 262
659
1 056
601
tonnes
75 866
27 070
(a) 1 973 198
(b)* 10 000
464 851
tonnes
31 569
33 421
31 711
30 006
33 289
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
135 000
995 000
75 000
15 000
* 63 600
95 000
3 000 000
1 025 000
5 000
* 67 800
15 000
685 000
40 000
5 400 000
* 57 500
...
520 000
90 000
7 625 000
* 57 300
2 875 000
545 000
125 000
24 850 000
* 56 800
kilograms
600
600
500
500
1 800
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
197 920
1 740
100
141 124
4 173
1
8 440
1 455
1 500
2 211
8 299
3
63
6 725
100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
62
257
12 820
1 263 987
351
48
491
16 775
1 372 424
486
55
291
13 287
1 335 754
352
77
54
19 143
1 596 485
607
164
43
21 926
1 554 808
1 370
tonnes
tonnes
1 685
451
1 159
461
4 057
518
3 485
796
4 118
644
Denmark
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Talc
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
482
9 493 573
3 786 580
642
8 593 198
4 023 305
1 063
8 520 980
2 906 339
1 765
7 363 518
(a)* 1 044 000
1 244
6 899 354
(a)* 836 000
kilograms
48
1
7 000
200
100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
127
136
261 895
45
374
265 036
59
504
333 383
69
683
319 317
2 123
8 898
296 459
kilograms
tonnes
43 775
273
18 782
165
37 200
269
30 300
409
53 800
235
tonnes
tonnes
162
1 121
152
460
102
442
196
820
125
5 792
tonnes
112
121
91
113
118
tonnes
2 388
2 028
2 622
2 563
2 468
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
3 077 714
3 346 209
2 932 586
2 777 604
3 531 658
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 572
25 643
86 389
66 038
38 096
43 555
7 317
27 582
85 420
70 726
22 324
34 012
8 108
21 968
61 259
5 321
27 656
35 089
8 364
22 484
79 479
5 175
14 178
43 049
9 112
21 012
86 057
5 891
17 322
34 130
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
35 555
243 348
52 662
33 825
289 307
38 687
31 847
208 467
46 117
23 732
180 249
38 797
29 888
244 007
19 941
tonnes
945
974
384
480
864
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
47 233
8 034 596
194
45 282
7 412 557
1 000
12 593
6 423 923
455
48
3 670 544
7 554
6
(b)* 6 975 000
14 768
tonnes
5
8
15
19
42
tonnes
tonnes
2 901
9 187
2 818
11 235
1 413
10 388
1 978
9 125
2 255
9 075
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£928 000
£8 473 000
£388 000
1 056 203
4 244
3 145
8 218
£1 168 000
£7 424 000
£104 000
791 502
5 849
2 678
17 003
£40 000
£4 680 000
£223 000
10 000 000
3 347
2 666
33 149
£255 000
£5 339 000
£59 000
500 000
3 294
1 211
13 086
£82 000
£5 884 000
£88 000
500 000
4 165
2 612
22 462
kilograms
tonnes
2 350
212
2 000
185
3 100
269
900
303
100 900
405
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
388 662
53 647
1 973 090
379 094
52 087
1 122 329
106 304
58 675
8 674
53 577
42 290
10 168
97 219
21 696
5 500
27
Denmark
Imports continued
Commodity
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mica
Molybdenum
Oxides
Nickel
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
72 805
9 231
111 604
—
69 990
—
53 896
15 457
118 928
8
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 349
61 079
1 795
1 887
595
780 837
213 776
35 288
14 064
3 602
1 465
1 702
1 080
672 439
392 453
47 525
10 299
1 742
348
569
217
328 893
269 841
37 738
10 263
3 229
177
2 864
250
538 503
337 192
37 007
17 316
3 586
35
3 328
192
609 342
242 848
37 755
tonnes
tonnes
1 033
2 228
192
1 984
107
2 583
128
2 890
172
1 989
tonnes
155
311
402
340
358
tonnes
tonnes
512
3 327
456
4 149
2 680
5 472
2 728
4 636
2 299
4 927
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
775
317
366
698
233
276
1 158
136
242
257
183
237
1 051
124
150
tonnes
432
361
388
418
253
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
529
2 136 643
...
1 051
100
2 240 240
...
881
122
3 320 486
...
737
382
2 562 669
103 236
282
234
2 625 412
198 509
463
kilograms
6 952
6 448
4 699
2 300
796
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 077
34 292
13 742
1 878
47 885
24 438
1 019
4 917
11 052
1 910
36 608
14 967
9 335
42 472
8 473
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
30
230 787
11
10
213 931
734
36
421 109
15
19
762 420
16
6
907 135
tonnes
tonnes
1 631
1 746
915
1 567
1 011
1 587
1 124
3 199
792
2 590
kilograms
62 049
51 992
1 873 817
612 600
172 900
tonnes
tonnes
204
10 830
2 082
12 055
4 447
8 035
7 051
7 013
6 123
6 276
tonnes
19
30
13
110
136
tonnes
tonnes
623
19 514
774
17 055
670
17 511
674
20 427
1 723
23 296
tonnes
113
110
105
51
41
tonnes
tonnes
9 931
1 345
12 591
910
6 063
771
4 427
1 310
6 023
763
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
28
Estonia
Estonia
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Lead, refined
Crude petroleum (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
6 531 740
8 855 800
3 635 700
7 945 900
3 911 980
6 034 500
3 524 400
5 752 600
3 755 240
6 900 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 042 800
937 400
10 000
1 901 600
1 040 000
808 000
10 000
1 869 500
448 500
326 200
10 000
1 733 000
537 000
375 000
10 000
2 080 000
719 000
451 000
10 000
2 173 132
Notes
(1) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in Estonia
(a) From oil shale
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal
Copper
Scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Manganese
Metal
Nickel
Scrap
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
573 530
701 067
503 048
810 298
745 353
tonnes
tonnes
8 083
10 379
27 839
19 895
8 357
6 958
4 132
65 948
52
63 880
tonnes
...
...
...
67
113
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
325 263
274 997
452
426 384
383 449
1 387
395 641
120 294
59
222 190
148 505
488
426 994
186 255
752
tonnes
(b) 2 035
(c)* 13 000
(b) 20 296
(b) 16 452
(b) 2 312
tonnes
7 784
8 185
5 633
6 915
5 171
tonnes
2 182
4 154
22
87
105
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(c)* 1 360
159
5 985
572 216
86
1
153
1 392
650 099
...
(c)* 1
100
3 159
384 299
—
97
124
1 203
512 766
878
234
142
1 511
563 124
830
tonnes
10 091
10 473
8 861
10 624
11 513
tonnes
464
226
137
5
25
tonnes
1 260
1 680
89
0
536
tonnes
tonnes
3 183
429
2 916
121
2 679
277
1 686
2 055
1 124
3 685
kilograms
9
13
955
200
4 600
tonnes
43
67
47
34
76
tonnes
71
88
124
120
56
29
Estonia
Exports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
11
1 491
13
579
30
158
26
49
33
164
tonnes
725
2 860
1 065
509
637
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) Including anthracite
(c) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Coal
Hard coal (c)
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Potash
Chloride
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
929 218
988 981
1 006 376
1 395 122
1 302 589
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 035
808
1 995
26 545
485
1 506
5 956
535
1 631
3 176
4 495
3 352
2 231
2 488
2 937
tonnes
tonnes
31 127
2 536
25 438
4 613
—
30 424
13 474
36 354
(b)* 1 800
52 807
tonnes
175 599
123 194
30 413
77 300
89 422
kilograms
900
1 200
300
900
1 600
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
26 567
19 769
12
19 239
18 823
18
381
8 760
196
11 295
8 950
13 157
11 922
8 343
200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 240
53 155
3 214
1 114
37 774
3 902
305
9 267
1 588
656
8 434
881
602
12 230
211
tonnes
101
222
260
297
382
tonnes
836
478
168
576
85
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
803
(a) 350
18 375
726 823
129
(a) 34
1 425
717 831
—
(a) 15
1
477 844
—
(a) 27
2
491 806
10
47
3
478 288
tonnes
7 048
8 665
1
1 517
1 898
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
4 725
72 445
0
4 469
72 149
0
4 125
73 931
24
2 105
73 254
501
3 616
85 105
kilograms
tonnes
3 100
418
5 800
331
2 900
332
3 200
373
5 000
451
tonnes
5
6
—
37
20
tonnes
tonnes
393
2 548
97
2 106
50
1 349
82
1 409
5
1 724
tonnes
4 362
7 676
1 595
5 978
8 887
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Including anthracite
30
Finland
Finland
Production
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
59 000 000
54 000 000
25 000 000
60 000 000
16 000 000
47 000 000
* 16 000 000
* 48 000 000
* 16 000 000
* 48 000 000
1 771 000
556 000
9 173
* 120
13 600
109 870
118 911
48 980
1 639
2 915 130
4 430 726
1 638 000
614 000
9 645
* 100
13 300
131 249
142 154
45 250
1 336
2 942 946
4 416 792
1 041 866
247 000
8 970
* 27
14 600
105 411
110 479
23 120
3 808
2 042 000
3 066 000
1 204 581
598 000
9 429
* 140
14 700
120 528
112 687
28 013
5 644
2 564 000
4 030 000
1 379 760
693 000
10 627
480
14 000
124 360
116 455
26 292
6 438
2 600 000
3 985 000
241 760
45 195
11 449
55 000
3 600
830 989
52
44 895
233 550
33 120
10 706
51 963
6 200
780 000
65
69 906
123 310
6 210
7 855
41 556
1 600
658 347
59
70 062
238 000
9 000
13 809
49 772
12 100
817 289
73
64 596
231 000
5 000
12 896
49 823
19 100
869 694
86
73 081
194 400
* 326 000
125 000
535 882
16 364
305 543
38 900
226 000
331 000
117 000
527 686
15 600
297 722
27 800
153 600
273 600
127 000
375 302
9 200
295 049
30 233
250 000
270 000
122 000
419 345
12 100
307 144
55 562
338 000
320 000
133 300
429 494
11 500
307 352
64 115
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
837 957
850 685
645 609
1 396 025
2 020 822
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
12 924
38 364
115
...
14 239
37 345
42
...
8 939
34 910
803
...
15 346
33 304
0
...
11 289
38 862
61
22 200
tonnes
982
2 618
1 275
373
92
tonnes
tonnes
2 492
—
3 041
1 034
2 050
1 577
8 291
1 813
5 231
2 366
tonnes
tonnes
* 2 400
* 5 700
* 2 600
* 5 700
* 3 100
* 4 500
* 5 400
* 3 900
* 6 400
* 4 200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
32 872
10 490
33 543
32 585
27 525
68 331
32 762
37 084
41 139
32 819
35 132
57 969
33 714
24 908
41 603
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Cement
Cement, finished (a)
tonnes
Chromium ores and concentrates
tonnes
Cobalt metal
tonnes
Cobalt, mine
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, mine
Copper, refined
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold, mine
kilograms
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Nickel, smelter/refinery
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Selenium metal
tonnes
Silver, mine
kilograms (metal content)
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (b)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (c)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Talc
tonnes
Wollastonite
tonnes
tonnes
Slab zinc
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Notes
(a) Sales
(b) From metal sulphide processing
(c) From petroleum refining and/or Natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bentonite
Bromine
Cement
Portland cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Cobalt
Oxides (b)
Metal (b)
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
31
Finland
Exports continued
Commodity
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Manganese
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Ground
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Oxides (b)
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Rare earths
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites (b)
Sulphur
Talc (a)
Tin
Scrap
Titanium
Oxides (b)
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
37 392
36 482
26 613
31 844
31 700
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
3 399
200
46 162
2 835
466
0
2 207
539
5
4 168
878
8
4 970
1 268
3
tonnes
146 844
396 064
244 225
391 549
* 1 200 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
100 022
99
185 229
253 732
10 597
14 070
37 709
110
281 325
308 047
8 587
11 317
61 319
308
253 440
276 010
13 832
2 564
126 713
560
263 863
229 680
18 176
373
97 322
211
219 129
341 937
30 760
tonnes
kilograms
31
45 600
98
35 000
341
6 211
32
9 321
25
4 830
tonnes
8 956
7 138
6 125
11 377
8 516
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
441
(a) 43 428
* 600
1 218
6 942
14 069
27
40 108
* 500
1 420
3 248
—
1 511
37 202
* 200
4 557
3 796
8 946
323
(a) 31 275
* 500
9 052
52 006
23 411
33
(a) 39 472
* 200
4 729
117 304
kilograms
kilograms
19
463
30
218
34 126
267
6 238
723
6 684
75
tonnes
tonnes
49 485
50 342
17 181
50 822
45 818
26
53 850
178
* 61 000
195
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
104
1
424
...
103
336
—
0
336
—
44
11 380
...
67
1 370
kilograms
kilograms
700
3 400
38
3 400
—
1 680
—
1 162
46
1 336
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 90 000
3 513
* 284 000
* 386 000
2 521
* 320 000
* 88 000
35 701
* 174 000
* 198 000
2 715
* 222 000
* 460 000
2 404
* 259 000
tonnes
201
193
124
142
139
tonnes
* 103 000
* 106 000
* 86 000
* 88 000
* 80 000
tonnes
113
360
291
450
588
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
260 434
1 274
1 238
257 411
964
1 426
268 893
1 012
22 479
266 738
1 369
50 656
265 686
1 215
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
32
Finland
Imports
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes
Alumina hydrate
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Antimony
Oxide
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite
tonnes
Bromine
kilograms
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Hard coal (a)
tonnes
Cobalt
Ore
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Diamond
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
tonnes
326 347
280 600
330 108
284 066
52 920
4 909
3 296
37 163
1 213
49 299
19 051
10 461
2 350
22 243
1 332
41 635
21 978
1 584
1 733
20 614
1 204
29 303
10 998
9 294
2 401
29 607
2 008
37 539
15 466
3 036
2 422
25 676
2 070
37 589
15 803
281
5 018
37 741
100
160
4 735
31 445
146 800
101
2 573
19 429
242 982
116
4 406
16 293
318 478
80
4 383
21 194
322 231
314 436
341 748
16 006
236 439
281 924
15 911
536
320 084
12 232
14 191
587 410
10 202
16 790
549 673
16 408
9 324
282
8 866
327
4 521
105
9 197
139
20 853
194
6 669 717
5 671 385
5 937 153
5 919 757
6 972 540
26 449
27 590
346
26 500
36 405
167
15 146
24 002
46
9 867
30 623
233
8 994
53 059
172
448 119
2 777
2 644
4 178
536 584
2 490
4 146
3 542
352 370
16 298
7 349
2 415
458 174
4 212
6 967
2 783
415 365
4 711
7 726
2 528
£222 000
£3 004 000
682 850
3 510
1 023
15 064
£109 000
£3 698 000
625 200
3 344
699
12 366
£56 000
£3 133 000
273 415
3 015
851
23 178
£168 000
£3 575 000
519 830
4 367
1 209
16 740
£131 000
£3 346 000
780 000
3 432
1 217
17 605
423 355
8 588
3 400
3 156 096
408 509
6 598
3 400
3 121 303
146 141
5 664
2 901
2 204 018
235 787
7 281
1 443
(b) 3 052 609
182 082
11 020
1 174
3 728 222
53 901
880 575
9 650
3 989
18 138
34 994
1 892
54 106
570
560
31 814
1 707
311
1 318
7 649
687 887
1 155 041
42 681
942 664
11 182
3 768
15 709
34 139
1 730
50 294
757
380
29 740
1 857
425
1 638
11 114
596 792
1 147 687
18 097
493 087
5 094
1 337
5 985
20 642
584
17 098
318
285
21 437
710
91
548
30 206
467 642
708 210
36 120
872 476
7 055
4 838
10 595
30 204
1 316
25 746
629
543
31 395
1 043
235
1 390
18 268
754 398
941 387
31 235
1 871
8 274
4 997
11 784
30 169
1 717
40 962
849
499
30 207
1 843
193
1 281
17 119
710 558
936 544
2 283
3 195
2 346
1 512
2 446
15 989
8 692
6 439
7 387
9 214
33
Finland
Imports continued
Commodity
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Potash
Chloride (c)
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (e)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (e)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
27 251
2 379
200
4 098
24 926
2 649
209
4 383
12 224
912
2 136
1 988
21 961
2 134
2 203
3 647
3 792
2 123
4 069
3 351
tonnes
5 789
3 498
40
—
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
50 856
299
256 932
15 455
2
12 221 330
5 822 601
113 286
33 247
481
290 914
18 187
14
11 908 304
6 028 908
118 749
22 715
149
185 202
9 192
792
11 516 562
—
—
33 986
17
217 164
14 558
17 649
11 211 580
3 252 037
28 144
35 284
40
276 892
9 946
2 688
11 504 505
3 543 126
...
tonnes
tonnes
163 600
663
164 400
184
84 600
74
194 800
117
211 100
4 602
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
92
5
409 761
101
7
397 033
57
9
417 495
72
8
384 089
52
14
452 873
kilograms
55 400
44 800
(d)* 47 900
50 681
26 764
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
415
6
663
9 073
450
503
1 673
6
525
21 676
3
1 202
38 923
4
1 929
tonnes
166
184
94
188
136
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
20 578
88
15 838
26 200
97
14 256
8 794
87
12 524
...
60
15 571
...
66
15 533
tonnes
130
296
205
403
567
tonnes
tonnes
555 569
4 513
582 049
4 242
532 036
3 705
559 918
4 374
547 265
1 471
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) K2O content
(d) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(e) Including alloys
34
France
France
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bauxite
Alumina
Primary aluminium
Bentonite
Cadmium
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Cobalt, metal
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gypsum (a)
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Kaolin
Lead, refined
Mica (b)
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Salt in brine (c)
Sillimanite minerals
Andalusite
Talc
Slab zinc
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
180 450 000
242 950 000
160 000
* 600 000
430 159
...
50
171 610 000
236 770 000
*—
630 000
389 000
...
—
146 290 000
209 440 000
*—
348 000
345 000
25 000
—
141 290 000
201 860 000
*—
481 000
356 000
25 000
—
152 390 000
205 220 000
*—
470 000
334 000
20 000
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 046 000
22 268 000
305
* 75 000
* 650 000
* 3 500 000
12 425 703
19 249 862
16 885 000
21 443 000
311
* 75 000
* 650 000
2 338 910
11 371 879
17 879 161
14 568 000
18 300 000
368
* 75 000
* 550 000
1 887 260
8 104 318
12 840 108
14 901 000
17 998 000
302
* 75 000
* 650 000
2 065 814
10 136 827
15 413 577
15 229 000
19 433 000
354
* 75 000
* 650 000
2 452 204
9 697 535
15 780 639
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
* 144 000
* 65 400
* 31 000
* 120 000
307 253
* 88 000
* 20 000
14 800
1 013 000
1 023
* 47 000
* 60 200
* 30 000
* 118 000
335 520
82 100
* 20 000
13 700
975 000
925
* 46 000
* 54 100
* 18 300
* 80 000
350 000
62 000
* 18 000
13 900
899 000
813
* 138 000
* 54 000
* 27 000
* 112 000
350 000
71 000
* 19 000
14 400
* 800 000
* 800
* 140 000
* 54 000
* 27 000
* 112 000
350 000
80 000
* 19 000
13 700
* 800 000
* 800
tonnes
6 139 840
* 6 000 000
6 100 000
* 6 100 000
* 6 000 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 65 000
* 420 000
129 000
* 65 000
* 420 000
118 000
65 000
400 000
161 000
65 000
400 000
162 000
65 000
400 000
164 000
Notes
(1) France is believed to produce sulphur and may also produce fuller’s earth
(a) Including anhydrite
(b) Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
(c) Salt; all forms
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes (a)
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
8 383 027
8 565 175
7 586 323
8 142 237
7 226 413
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
26 661
276 207
146 531
45 503
136 803
380 708
12 295
319 388
130 881
46 364
139 176
344 436
9 296
178 570
100 293
91 682
125 580
345 372
12 116
270 769
131 035
51 275
166 807
405 847
13 594
281 634
83 054
71 970
130 384
425 541
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
19
6 109
* 37 100
13 454
44
6 261
* 10 000
12 231
34
6 788
* 11 500
9 211
145
6 853
* 10 500
12 709
24
6 124
* 10 600
11 472
tonnes
52
74
6
20
49
35
France
Exports continued
Commodity
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
France
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Metal
Copper
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and Ferro-silico-titanium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (c)
Metal
Mercury
Mica
36
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
815
890
1 022
763
549
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
325 897
590 684
13 999
260 529
578 230
10 056
170 883
621 568
—
282 673
766 167
—
179 184
764 305
—
tonnes
tonnes
2 391
7 225
4 694
7 844
1 935
4 767
2 422
7 612
2 168
8 034
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
13 161
200 682
2 013
57 436
128 614
1 380
5 272
91 266
6 045
9 551
121 733
4 495
4 760
113 718
2 390
tonnes
tonnes
91
1 006
28
859
50
706
3
785
3
1 086
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
331
284 890
399
67 366
13 140
252
266 930
512
54 893
13 049
720
235 277
1 002
59 426
9 455
102
292 631
7 356
23 258
12 786
247
305 883
9 545
35 309
10 624
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
22 863
227 372
428 165
29 607
261 112
9 386
293 420
838 620
23 239
244 785
8 723
394 845
940 610
21 713
182 575
3 743
145 682
1 609 470
26 822
226 149
869
129 943
8 768 911
25 420
226 934
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
20 229
29 300
163
22 247
50 700
269
22 447
34 094
226
27 729
24 189
361
45 303
29 961
321
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
414 428
356 716
91 100
69 376
381 841
338 682
100 500
57 720
267 315
282 254
101 909
124 492
259 192
286 799
47 103
(b) 19 349
239 815
310 248
89 357
129 374
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
89 768
17 948
1 217
16 377
8 049
41 110
481
225
948
50 334
2 292
32 186
138
2 650 976
6 210 854
412 284
88 462
14 698
2 098
28 255
2 457
42 260
374
46
984
73 824
1 493
447
292
2 830 986
6 028 712
319 301
151 699
5 261
2 217
10 787
2 882
41 324
379
10 496
261
51 676
844
134
231
1 814 051
5 402 426
268 674
52 439
18 917
2 447
39 115
2 200
51 330
548
6 104
505
77 144
1 869
76
261
1 858 111
6 665 264
272 778
53 736
20 857
2 035
34 196
2 554
54 023
802
1 042
220
84 879
1 985
102
298
2 088 739
6 240 254
273 802
tonnes
tonnes
14 936
29 544
17 630
15 888
14 554
20 815
36 293
37 654
40 470
20 392
tonnes
tonnes
373
48 852
310
57 342
576
35 523
274
52 553
207
35 543
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
333 747
327
9 100
13 959
321 638
488
1 700
13 923
138 787
631
718
10 819
152 425
717
1 595
12 455
125 827
805
49 992
12 821
France
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock (a)
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Other platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
485
55
75
205
352
517
7 578
12 308
1 475
190
10 247 611
* 20 000
178
7 558
10 754
2 475
65
22 087 224
* 22 000
68
11 435
12 095
1 377
1 689
3 469 724
* 22 000
315
30 601
9 376
1 307
161 761
2 908 272
* 18 000
1 306
11 685
10 997
1 875
467 914
8 017 462
* 19 000
4 758
2 800
190 100
2 033
2 120
282 400
1 140
1 396
609 699
1 884
914
179 798
2 566
1 255
270 355
33 446
8 166
278
34 777
11 416
327
18 248
9 858
414
17 085
36 215
1 788
25 238
15 947
2 772
11
2 545
133
363 438
66 776
11
1 854
—
231 953
66 242
3
1 244
0
277 617
38 494
8
3 411
...
297 909
49 011
11
2 789
—
190 124
55 316
26 500
208 832
51 100
215 148
1 597 157
169 806
—
258 205
4 053
511 716
59 934
680
276 014
246 005
2 843
269 771
313 229
445
224 419
296 345
565
270 494
248 989
556
269 518
21
18
37
20
25
4
552
884
590
16
441
236
654
44
402
140
282
341
423
143
342
89
413
178
532
2 242
5 112
171 337
93
5 391
148 573
150
4 523
113 798
283
4 907
129 197
73
5 333
140 278
1 148
431
676
354
398
261
473
288
589
272
51 781
29 305
7 238
56 200
78 398
31 601
5 073
43 770
39 350
64 773
9 362
45 986
49 652
79 727
1 851
51 755
54 609
105 934
2 549
42 736
1 832
1 440
1 243
2 044
4 973
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Including manganiferous Iron ore
37
France
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
38
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
11 381 954
11 214 300
10 907 837
9 838 820
11 224 302
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 001 899
710 029
46 584
147 693
449 505
191 897
1 788 358
722 371
51 289
113 771
396 382
197 876
1 024 569
849 798
46 113
87 130
311 287
216 872
984 804
734 935
47 336
103 937
364 962
260 871
1 577 328
619 175
47 510
152 348
387 038
292 597
tonnes
tonnes
8 568
3 315
9 078
1 923
7 682
1 277
9 068
1 577
7 413
2 854
tonnes
19
8
4
17
21
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
169
40 760
243 350
120
34 166
198 787
34
26 227
158 715
42
41 513
159 096
19
29 516
194 555
tonnes
kilograms
382
12 146 400
219
12 428 800
102
11 720 470
100
5 275 994
205
8 449 327
tonnes
tonnes
771
885
645
1 114
455
605
212
18
100
7
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 739 962
1 793 027
1 223 442
1 338 362
1 940 065
1 185 083
784 892
1 744 423
980 685
838 538
2 422 582
559 436
849 577
3 113 977
246 702
tonnes
tonnes
20 156
717
26 952
1 335
10 813
478
11 273
1 155
15 835
524
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 532 378
15 425 960
51 589
175 350
2 817 048
18 470 782
68 426
154 140
1 914 614
13 893 343
51 577
151 863
2 291 609
16 688 152
52 076
129 465
1 304 643
14 073 053
82 504
102 257
tonnes
tonnes
3 137
658
2 251
574
1 203
578
1 681
635
2 338
841
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
432 225
90 195
14 389
435 455
81 036
8 987
265 766
50 753
7 980
227 271
72 220
9 242
226 312
81 824
9 148
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
656
439 204
81 570
8 984 745
14 371
20 974
48 758
344
450 568
73 641
13 938 146
14 308
59 857
21 256
1 854
691 852
40 221
9 314 960
15 163
43 981
13 124
469
468 867
30 480
12 512 821
17 477
31 721
14 601
2 960
660 561
30 012
22 167 841
14 098
34 907
14 655
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
23 567
1 100
19 250
20 071
3 300
20 618
16 877
6 248
10 376
20 037
25 070
9 981
19 721
3 886
11 725
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
580 341
111 325
1 687 900
492 072
116 678
1 875 400
354 086
101 840
1 189 569
313 842
85 849
1 530 436
249 933
76 800
1 492 427
tonnes
tonnes
20 065 037
2 107
18 220 893
4 948
10 014 901
5 375
15 259 049
11 603
13 531 471
11 452
France
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and Ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and Ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (a)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
195 466
147 662
106 513
8
26 899
63 487
45 827
5 650
6 373
2 785
2 528
52 945
10 009
597
1 432
19 659
1 998 943
3 197 843
311 060
202 077
89 809
111 584
69
26 786
69 464
54 004
5 637
5 887
3 266
2 698
61 740
8 293
666
1 575
23 885
1 747 005
3 241 199
263 449
115 722
26 695
71 570
20
12 067
33 948
34 758
3 263
12 709
1 183
1 670
30 913
2 647
247
819
15 243
1 113 710
2 407 619
200 203
139 186
52 795
111 080
50
17 244
44 405
35 405
3 720
7 724
2 195
2 656
51 906
5 457
343
1 065
19 135
1 807 094
2 450 993
231 779
160 336
84 787
99 240
50
16 137
43 245
44 217
4 857
16 270
2 225
2 227
65 306
5 756
378
1 113
19 373
2 047 778
2 682 258
220 764
118 384
34 169
103 535
22 490
42 187
13 579
34 090
12 848
39 305
15 182
314
1 289
256
1 251
362
1 172
570
1 137
479
2 792
2 355
163 908
2 378
164 235
1 209
117 821
784
126 821
1 087
127 469
678 369
15 198
190 000
876 961
19 115
105 300
193 684
8 905
222 224
721 272
17 586
19 073
647 182
21 186
1 406
197
2 335
1 144
2 031
370
1 844
255
1 861
848
2 149
1 511
830
670
1 933
1 094
1 191
769
541
1 018
1 209
888
1 095
1 764
1 098
1 465
19 864
1 131
1 341
25 752
7 702
542
81 011 061
75 216 254
442 826
18 952
413
2 166
23 368
9 386
560
81 854 226
79 101 617
374 792
20 015
1 783
1 265
10 909
5 364
310
70 343 956
32 440 935
130 323
19 921
265
2 164
13 964
5 029
524
59 946 970
41 624 014
305 259
19 954
37
2 988
21 693
7 345
412
62 875 826
50 897 525
264 541
6 263
3 631
114 300
8 471
4 404
241 200
3 633
5 348
359 138
4 516
3 006
143 885
4 010
...
296 178
58 088
900 560
16 601
53 124
837 119
18 484
12 477
242 713
7 287
51 068
626 635
13 998
40 885
597 658
6 814
417
8 831
1 232
2
592 976
447
9 116
768
3
578 882
402
6 112
874
26
918 448
372
5 687
1 408
83
1 653 101
506
1 867
1 359
388
1 622 835
3 464
2 563
3 046
3 209
3 209
1 327
3 110
2 663
3 502
3 831
39
France
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Notes
(a) Including manganiferous Iron ore
(b) Includes Ilmenite
40
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
kilograms
kilograms
39 800
643 280
21 300
544 821
4 279
435 001
4 433 810
954 773
8 499
908 080
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
160
56 072
797
77 772
173
50 092
5 861
76 147
159
55 212
403
72 274
183
78 366
410
59 722
206
92 106
441
48 155
tonnes
83
84
43
22
39
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 689
409
432
6 506
554
588
5 869
207
259
5 787
389
100
5 252
283
61
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
60 739
71 292
10 521
126 786
104 682
58 423
12 531
10 036
128 226
100 782
17 766
11 964
7 282
136 389
92 290
...
(b) 50 893
7 766
148 994
15 218
...
(b) 67 259
10 026
138 687
246
tonnes
tonnes
823
866
898
859
547
311
867
359
1 027
583
tonnes
656
674
371
574
605
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
259 750
166 110
44 124
7 247
238 502
164 172
45 480
3 694
241 976
128 674
27 000
4 604
222 580
131 993
34 205
3 003
234 060
151 988
34 022
3 853
tonnes
tonnes
47 719
570
55 030
456
25 087
553
25 310
326
35 922
687
Germany
Germany
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite and bituminous
tonnes
Brown coal
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Indium
tonnes
Iron ore (b)(c)
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Kaolin (d)
tonnes
Lead, refined
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Potash
Potassic salts
tonnes (K2O content)
Salt
Rock salt
tonnes
Brine salt
tonnes
Salt in brine
tonnes
Selenium metal
tonnes
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (e)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (f)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Uranium, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Slab zinc
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
263 300 000
215 000 000
* 900 000
551 000
88 265
384 709
260 000 000
215 000 000
* 1 000 000
605 880
78 941
414 336
245 000 000
217 000 000
1 154 000
291 750
45 606
326 461
239 000 000
208 000 000
* 1 000 000
402 480
55 887
362 623
253 000 000
229 000 000
* 1 000 000
432 472
55 342
375 332
26 992 000
33 382 000
25 366 000
33 581 000
23 232 000
30 441 000
22 996 000
29 915 000
24 775 000
33 540 000
24 185 000
180 409 054
665 517
270 200
171 303
54 359
1 898 000
* 10
421 711
31 700 000
48 550 000
19 143 000
175 313 020
689 763
295 000
161 416
48 519
2 112 000
* 10
455 100
29 105 000
45 832 000
14 971 000
169 857 142
668 945
251 000
140 000
49 962
1 898 000
* 10
363 699
20 104 000
32 670 000
14 110 000
169 402 544
704 300
378 700
* 150 000
59 086
1 822 000
* 10
390 353
28 560 000
43 830 000
12 960 000
176 502 000
708 800
346 200
* 150 000
65 619
2 021 000
* 10
489 091
27 943 000
44 284 000
22 030
* 5 000
29 379
3 842 514
355 000
3 415 374
18 075
26 960
* 5 000
29 092
3 622 159
415 100
3 053 998
16 547
13 667
—
27 620
4 513 753
390 600
2 800 063
15 554
* 20 000
—
30 105
4 578 097
405 400
2 511 174
13 666
* 20 000
*—
30 134
4 898 516
429 100
2 677 136
12 952
3 636 504
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
4 826 000
1 010 000
7 558 000
* 250
5 545 438
989 208
7 306 745
* 250
7 709 844
1 862 630
* 7 300 000
* 230
9 992 156
2 118 484
* 4 500 000
* 250
8 765 168
2 217 205
* 6 458 628
* 250
1 650 100
35 900
41
294 735
1 578 000
39 000
—
292 284
1 504 000
565 000
—
* 153 000
1 455 000
513 000
*8
165 000
1 465 000
542 210
51
170 000
Notes
(1) Germany is also believed to produce strontium minerals and tellurium metal
(2) In addition to the countries producing sillimanite minerals, synthetic mullite is believed to be produced in Germany
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Including anhydrite
Including manganiferous Iron ore
Used as aggregate in the construction industry
Washed and dried
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Other
41
Germany
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Oxides
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted (d)
Gem
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
42
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
29 024 954
29 470 321
27 973 749
25 337 558
29 162 240
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
36 361
282 245
672 561
61 090
361 917
770 042
33 636
305 514
634 635
75 386
359 628
702 739
16 591
382 750
461 601
67 356
288 023
753 218
26 178
424 236
551 817
111 815
361 396
823 810
26 306
372 191
485 074
83 675
374 917
947 252
tonnes
tonnes
141
1 130
33
932
101
448
132
961
239
1 132
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
32
43 104
81 272
41
38 111
67 109
31
45 360
52 424
57
(a)* 33 000
84 920
66
(a)* 34 000
91 477
tonnes
kilograms
901
3 400
276
14 400
143
6 031
178
6 119
210
7 543
tonnes
...
287
276
523
348
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 051 733
4 874 062
2 086 591
1 120 078
5 115 858
2 077 175
467 042
4 445 980
2 101 709
680 552
4 173 112
2 010 734
761 406
5 002 240
2 159 075
tonnes
tonnes
20 629
3 114
23 563
5 379
15 922
4 685
32 070
4 606
53 989
2 995
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 444
309 501
140 400
72 008
16 575
518 629
425 680
370 211
179 880
129 955
523 720
493 552
222 458
31 492
696 279
463 102
165 471
39 712
789 315
467 383
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
457
158
2 067
145
158
1 588
103
69
1 067
88
102
1 481
—
113
1 393
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
61 535
24
117 701
480 700
22 436
48 234
2
125 162
478 643
16 485
58 932
1
194 104
449 990
9 781
48 761
8 431
136 110
578 448
13 276
54 856
9
196 627
585 346
12 276
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£* 760 000
157 055
8 952
3 366 830
7 949
125 258
56 023
£* 1 285 000
155 988
11 966
3 410 935
7 189
121 777
50 338
£* 775 000
179 213
22 919
2 560 000
5 035
70 130
31 157
£* 863 000
161 687
7 080
5 355 000
5 361
78 610
33 487
£* 489 000
154 445
5 224
12 810 000
14 251
76 300
45 955
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
71 250
14 800
23 993
* 120 000
4 800
18 950
113 039
62 603
12 722
221 003
904 379
20 583
226 243
688 482
15 600
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
423 152
1 703 212
183 200
447 140
1 775 467
97 400
393 691
1 290 391
112 690
430 977
1 558 288
62 331
516 024
1 333 953
124 705
tonnes
tonnes
17 770
7 491
34 495
12 700
4 497
10 865
22 373
7 994
54 555
15 999
Germany
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and Ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and Ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (a)
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Potassic fertilisers (b)(c)
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
145 453
147 303
39 892
24 051
14 733
8 684
3 636
2 116
1 149
839
51 343
6 011
480
558
2 496 951
7 770 479
507 867
153 917
95 846
36 856
22 191
11 802
10 354
3 858
1 036
1 057
477
63 858
4 237
460
413
2 047 223
8 268 662
498 165
86 491
28 183
27 831
9 323
9 043
4 436
3 229
1 725
321
475
63 214
1 662
339
755
1 655 376
7 275 257
374 313
180 542
56 763
54 956
12 517
12 387
3 377
3 174
7 869
538
1 452
95 683
4 180
640
659
2 150 091
9 175 802
389 927
183 310
43 160
45 048
11 077
22 690
17 756
4 440
5 775
237
1 233
81 464
5 350
402
391
2 150 120
9 859 197
431 815
467
136 609
17 799
—
177 129
13 133
1 000
204 075
13 100
4 296
203 077
9 892
19 697
196 443
12 932
2 705
2 290
1 880
2 387
2 927
463
87 264
22
72 684
140
58 604
229
94 198
1 303
67 605
5 761
15 414
42 300
4 957
3 321
12 921
111 100
4 713
3 710
6 727
120 587
2 888
4 480
8 243
110 405
4 197
5 035
8 907
197 989
4 479
2 723
346
3 575
2 857
2 502
725
5 017
763
3 955
1 248
18 473
7 383
2 520
4 256
9 664
196 926
* 17 703 000
168
20 202
5 646
316
5 200
8 988
40 011
* 19 648 000
314
8 687
8 227
1 619
2 617
3 083
265 799
* 11 354 000
137
13 981
9 563
2 673
3 751
1 866
180 515
* 14 165 000
489
15 998
8 600
299
4 184
4 423
283 784
* 13 906 000
1 641
28 100
27 800
22 300
3 399 700
27 700
28 600
24 700
3 238 800
36 204
43 329
65 029
3 352 271
24 597
35 462
33 299
5 997 852
24 994
43 952
28 158
6 960 588
3 636 504
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
8
217
2 787 088
3
188
2 782 861
19
652
2 744 985
25
601
3 097 654
29
660
2 735 634
2 884 200
3 012 400
2 169 994
3 397 674
3 368 313
741
828 544
5 394
485
654 808
6 382
320
681 563
3 662
755
671 836
4 773
440
721 717
6 243
199
299
8
18
38
43
Germany
Exports continued
Commodity
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates (a)
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
1 246
1 371
1 222
—
1 612
1 530
1 649
163
1 000
1 088
1 129
32
1 253
956
1 440
...
1 348
1 459
1 175
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
776
8 713
409 495
3 322
8 278
367 545
6 864
5 367
351 872
22 384
9 351
391 981
18 932
13 954
345 661
tonnes
tonnes
—
3 020
206
4 687
196
2 655
164
3 119
976
3 064
tonnes
1 250
1 173
...
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
612
77 443
30 439
59 297
1 835
70 724
28 835
51 801
888
63 165
24 163
68 648
1 674
52 483
31 857
74 208
73 980
55 518
31 170
75 168
tonnes
tonnes
* 16 900
514
* 12 000
625
* 7 300
386
* 10 800
384
* 10 800
792
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) K2O content
(c) Including sulphate, chloride and other potassic fertilisers
(d) BGS estimates, based on known value of imports to certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
44
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
11 913 688
13 369 162
12 866 444
11 936 108
13 786 596
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 141 693
790 515
266 042
786 506
1 444 289
613 084
2 995 241
1 017 746
241 736
693 075
1 370 179
543 839
2 069 109
518 456
168 216
495 511
1 157 271
362 582
2 005 053
661 379
260 488
799 780
1 591 991
479 413
2 436 413
654 946
176 692
768 797
1 810 035
535 304
tonnes
tonnes
612
8 527
700
8 672
552
5 072
494
7 986
456
6 949
tonnes
...
...
...
69
9
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
54
320 702
351 991
54
278 335
361 782
36
129 220
335 990
72
263 839
386 261
88
291 716
447 793
tonnes
kilograms
1 130
607 500
1 262
646 400
881
456 893
1 052
657 303
1 282
722 036
tonnes
tonnes
22
423
53
507
11
522
18
625
40
489
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
92 757
833 311
311 152
14 184
770 566
293 583
9 200
904 023
272 741
18 037
939 310
255 027
52 111
1 054 856
217 931
tonnes
tonnes
154 367
8 454
175 277
7 022
45 684
3 328
101 972
4 783
180 377
5 931
Germany
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Ore
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Matte and cement
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Diamond
Gem
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and Ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and Ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (b)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 353 426
37 993 445
15 411
96 169
4 137 690
37 215 220
39 248
70 400
3 893 429
30 926 568
37 839
132 895
3 643 048
34 850 251
24 400
404 681
2 535 881
40 187 648
41 768
291 675
12
3 150
898
15
2 921
1 057
42
2 017
902
115
3 864
1 069
170
4 946
900
1 300 491
14 880
595 751
31 830
844 747
48 261
1 088 291
10 102
563 560
24 706
833 354
40 073
1 252 430
4 133
454 753
46 840
658 703
38 538
1 128 472
12 739
626 442
23 331
743 934
36 249
1 124 525
2 742
647 084
68 147
737 763
35 493
515 262
1 090 991
45 596 025
42 882
143 596
346 581
709 636
505 400
45 914 930
49 237
143 758
357 914
301 075
211 630
25 210 000
38 258
130 081
187 330
377 399
122 838
60 060 000
43 487
139 663
261 999
371 058
141 851
89 235 000
39 892
153 713
380 027
68 549
1 304 700
54 627
118 516
1 390 000
62 180
164 511
1 126 326
33 293
192 815
1 396 280
56 333
162 289
2 680 174
57 411
80 449
93 275
1 102 600
(a) 46 194 946
54 216
76 992
1 150 600
44 339 072
28 315
75 319
1 168 886
(a) 28 819 242
29 132
82 341
1 422 575
(a) 43 085 386
26 182
80 574
1 576 165
(a) 41 682 798
655 022
249 673
484 276
14 426
25 758
217 428
210 703
18 423
169 677
6 176
6 519
274 783
15 339
1 512
5 711
190 933
3 095 162
5 920 061
717 102
713 470
90 069
544 619
12 886
23 645
209 083
156 484
17 434
177 851
6 269
4 801
215 374
13 824
2 182
5 333
225 185
2 970 042
5 675 167
647 278
402 132
294 393
305 008
8 648
12 238
122 063
111 008
12 484
127 087
4 047
1 332
146 127
5 461
1 366
3 421
183 516
1 171 865
3 865 110
585 675
421 287
500 970
454 005
29 047
14 754
203 200
185 067
16 375
192 394
5 923
6 067
272 466
8 754
787
5 034
255 977
1 611 091
5 305 194
715 770
589 302
326 097
447 242
18 334
22 190
232 613
208 913
18 760
155 881
6 579
5 137
298 352
9 818
977
5 305
241 565
2 401 066
6 658 407
705 107
211 132
138 978
30 313
212 602
118 779
28 231
234 102
103 642
40 547
184 018
157 301
39 653
205 464
157 653
35 823
5 163
8 131
5 420
7 098
(c)* 3 000
4 433
(c)* 1 900
6 486
(c)* 500
5 735
17 029
568 508
8 420
562 618
6 731
276 674
12 751
473 545
5 625
515 139
15 997
42 368
84 100
14 916
47 581
19 700
14 645
33 989
28 678
17 346
43 346
104 241
19 137
40 705
134 666
45
Germany
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Waste
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Ilmenite
tonnes
Other titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Titanium slag
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Pentoxide
tonnes
46
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
16
36 345
782
386
33 175
966
221
25 682
316
1 330
29 716
428
10 527
26 405
20
10 721
4 238
1 776
9 645
4 132
1 905
6 953
1 726
1 661
9 134
3 038
2 890
9 500
3 761
2 699
1 911
19 799
1 532
74 083
2 531
593
105 162 534
75 980 087
115 109
797
18 316
1 310
68 767
6 102
617
105 835 665
78 201 702
145 905
561
8 259
1 087
42 201
3 839
463
97 648 203
78 990 573
28 863
849
8 584
1 667
69 282
8 023
621
91 239 711
82 784 241
120 580
2 048
11 924
1 184
68 023
11 778
476
87 338 296
87 762 701
117 971
51 500
54 700
9 700
11 442 800
47 100
55 100
6 400
10 983 600
42 452
47 092
12 120
6 224 314
40 983
53 479
19 655
8 069 744
38 019
50 926
21 319
7 290 427
17 108
101 081
1 344
11 801
124 643
2 503
13 194
75 154
633
20 786
131 645
8 065
22 490
131 244
11 726
410
901
9 748
7
2 476 738
430
673
10 192
6
2 319 273
106
448
7 755
2
1 867 023
459
1 006
9 999
6
2 654 736
263
844
6 904
14
3 477 233
89 557
20 404
56 555
23 113
27 232
12 279
47 738
47 775
48 748
72 049
859 400
2 565 300
6 024 500
2 668 900
2 581 290
1 784 960
4 002 438
2 322 566
3 493 141
2 434 577
92 569
51 785
2 007
347 230
109 955
53 602
2 964
338 606
52 641
38 246
2 856
293 417
76 101
44 103
1 649
324 703
82 530
51 714
4 363
330 321
125
188
67
231
376
23 917
409
1 689
22 160
179
2 243
14 193
175
674
18 684
316
714
21 396
112
1 578
425 175
200 512
19 385
299 599
112 474
446 154
279 407
19 449
281 009
76 107
304 471
212 735
11 649
240 120
42 042
...
(d) 838 768
12 919
309 500
164
...
(d) 794 043
20 233
329 073
2 499
604
4 791
2 678
967
5 184
2 526
821
3 313
1 333
1 029
7 168
2 544
843
8 094
3 105
79
1 071
60
879
...
(c)* 400
...
(c)* 1 000
...
(c) 700
Germany
Imports continued
Commodity
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
357 692
316 603
87 785
19 586
383 789
305 075
89 738
17 395
271 554
285 965
36 350
16 782
285 331
380 807
57 563
23 694
344 106
398 086
69 972
25 853
tonnes
tonnes
(c)* 336 100
880
(c)* 294 000
791
(c)* 141 200
664
(c)* 204 800
798
...
676
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including manganiferous Iron ore
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports into certain countries
(d) Includes Ilmenite
47
Greece
Greece
Production
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 90 000 000
2 125 900
512 785
167 937
1 342 000
* 85 000 000
2 174 000
524 875
162 339
1 580 000
* 65 000 000
1 935 000
517 400
134 737
1 500 000
* 42 250 000
1 902 000
510 250
137 000
844 804
* 27 462 500
2 324 000
526 305
165 150
1 250 000
12 035 077
14 559 293
11 361 397
14 013 312
8 649 322
11 160 205
7 875 996
9 319 207
9 041 421
8 285 371
66 100 000
95 000
836 967
2 554 000
64 521 000
62 000
1 000 000
2 477 000
61 800 000
55 737
730 000
2 000 000
53 600 000
23 050
* 600 000
1 821 000
58 400 000
10 200
587 000
1 934 000
93 300
30 000
13 400
* 11 000
351 414
18 668
21 200
1 100 000
80 000
21
212 000
38 300
200
20 700
83 200
4 360
14 000
* 11 000
361 165
16 640
18 600
1 000 000
66 000
14
* 220 000
33 500
* 200
24 200
42 400
—
10 000
* 11 000
380 834
8 269
9 600
862 935
87 000
11
* 189 000
27 500
* 200
17 800
69 600
3 493
12 200
* 11 000
396 497
13 960
16 100
760 000
86 000
* 10
* 190 000
29 000
* 200
18 400
94 000
2 056
13 400
* 11 000
393 880
18 530
21 700
720 000
87 126
* 10
* 190 000
* 29 000
* 200
21 200
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
49 781
50 453
59 216
60 851
76 495
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 086 405
715 003
21 716
27 195
67 732
13 566
787 160
412 385
29 552
26 083
64 998
13 261
409 508
412 888
74 996
17 533
57 668
14 681
436 513
224 607
99 574
20 727
68 924
32 250
519 999
202 986
102 136
19 668
103 326
27 738
tonnes
tonnes
143
168
81
8 885
—
5 116
...
13 203
44
33 306
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
848 925
2 685 623
207 665
722 151
2 842 584
205 640
851 946
3 051 954
297 036
722 142
3 122 615
47 435
459 716
1 548 482
155 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 802
20 915
—
3 223
5 203
—
3 274
1 525
—
2 073
1 499
—
2 175
6 478
10 242
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Sand and gravel and crushed rock
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
tonnes
Primary aluminium
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Nickel, smelter/refinery
tonnes
Nickel, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver, mine
kilograms (metal content)
Talc
tonnes
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Notes
(1) Greece is also believed to produce gold and sulphur
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
48
Greece
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem
Industrial
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 669
1 944
995
12 314
356
1 198
15 742
2 748
1 071
21 994
825
2 097
18 672
4 456
4 346
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
£23 000
£281 000
£44 000
6 052
£29 000
£501 000
£105 000
5 806
£206 000
£1 356 000
£31 000
718
£43 000
£1 956 000
£49 000
1 119
£99 000
£405 000
£20 000
1 562
kilograms
997
495
581
48
2 455
tonnes
tonnes
47 694
1 842
21 258
937
49 037
580
38 459
337
95 699
621
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
340
121 989
34 584
3 671
162 819
36 018
377
102 721
34 840
999
143 318
66 989
294
139 537
59 592
tonnes
tonnes
9 913
769
5 792
1 390
2 360
913
5 209
1 945
3 068
735
tonnes
132 083
126 496
84 399
108 020
110 276
tonnes
150
231
144 529
20 284
120
tonnes
tonnes
1 217
37 232
1 648
48 908
1 369
47 406
1 294
59 655
431
65 014
kilograms
8 300
7 400
79 400
19 700
13 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
73 606
52 668
5 016
63 893
16 345
3 926
24 429
4 044
3 898
28 680
4 594
2 809
42
35 279
4 086
tonnes
2 233
598
462
773
731
tonnes
tonnes
14 890
29 861
43 003
448
21 311
665
14 660
264
36 016
123
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
341 376
425 485
177 887
13 538
16 892
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
376 304
283 255
125 327
73 561
50 470
226 374
38 828
129 407
63 670
28 960
351 677
963
110 311
32 252
17 339
314 423
1 546
153 771
66 134
43 866
288 647
1 346
126 051
59 931
95 166
tonnes
21
63
85
74
84
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9
1 255
19 780
9
1 348
21 261
11
2 133
8 593
33
1 318
3 668
9
2 277
7 193
tonnes
11
3
—
—
12
tonnes
1
18
39
1
0
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cadmium
Metal
49
Greece
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Copper
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust (a)
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Metal
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
50
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
45 388
3 603
3 010
23 558
74 239
2 618
4 249
136 300
2 359
12 100
206 164
15 136
34 712
159 514
22 371
59 007
382 933
3 029
1 144
41 475
371 479
35 457
111
37 585
168 663
58 053
5 827
48 783
512 663
87 707
62
117 406
169 990
165 417
12 986
42
123
14
3
17
105 722
10 148
6 855
79 928
18 628
9 393
57 367
11 245
305
63 443
20 017
241
53 615
29 253
643
9 245 000
205 000
9 470 000
11 355 000
* 5 795 000
958
478
2 232
118 725 000
425 000
2 815 000
22 810 000
* 4 371 000
790
2 830
2 281
2 375 000
3 365 000
6 370 000
43 195 000
* 1 813 000
482
5 851
1 954
910 000
920 000
8 365 000
43 750 000
* 214 000
668
12 195
2 652
470 000
...
2 615 000
36 800 000
* 77 000
623
9 469
3 073
48 500
111
114 500
142
26 600
918
20 700
219
8 400
92
4 747
500
3 093
600
2 097
800
1 759
1 300
1 400
200
10 461
6 741
1 016
2 654
38 321
18 783
546
1 383
250 572
1 637 437
40 298
9 185
7 709
1 146
1 753
24 943
8 170
504
2 312
171 231
1 485 316
62 415
9 107
9 685
916
1 216
8 023
4 569
170
906
159 350
1 159 166
49 509
4 427
5 772
693
837
18 515
4 888
849
1 426
28 092
1 008 235
31 132
9 127
3 302
1 217
271
12 695
4 361
167
1 746
71 878
935 510
14 336
11 792
2 071
6 875
2 800
10 644
1 753
11 149
1 692
16 980
2 136
12 611
20 682
44 397
7 328
19 803
1 729
3 603
2 198
14 704
7 506
—
338
123
51 425
2 628
218
31 776
668
317
22 888
211
169
51 374
1 200
175
34
16 938 841
3 789 666
237 577
60
6 422 841
4 186 746
251 845
58
2 437 424
3 086 243
192 135
45
19 064 118
3 520 510
252 644
50
13 010 825
4 233 660
220 591
7 400
300
100
500
1 400
37 785
22 518
6 189
36 642
28 144
8 660
14 325
20 773
107
39 155
35 176
3 240
26 686
27 276
8 166
1
22
20
0
68
0
...
65
...
62
Greece
Imports continued
Commodity
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Zinc
Unwrought (b)
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
177 719
734
134 557
2 662
149 094
505
144 367
44
173 050
220
kilograms
1 039 000
276 100
31 300
29 900
55 100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
94 621
35 625
8 550
40 754
42 733
12 372
3
26 673
7 862
1
42 673
8 869
0
80 976
8 663
tonnes
323
265
80
160
211
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
826
30
27 284
399
14
23 260
351
11
19 289
504
74
19 003
396
74
19 447
tonnes
...
...
80
...
...
tonnes
58 708
28 996
25 422
22 534
11 358
tonnes
547
429
122
93
61
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Including alloys
51
Hungary
Hungary
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bauxite
Alumina
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Coal
Lignite
Brown coal
Diatomite
Gypsum (a)
Pig iron
Crude steel
Kaolin
Manganese ore
Perlite
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
tonnes
34 815 891
13 046 962
546 310
* 301 000
54 231
36 647 400
17 030 760
511 337
* 299 000
6 220
35 591 131
15 808 088
317 000
* 185 000
5 298
35 400 000
15 800 000
365 000
* 214 000
17 200
24 971 140
11 000 000
277 800
* 250 000
17 308
tonnes
tonnes
2 500 698
3 551 746
* 2 500 000
3 544 000
* 2 400 000
* 3 200 000
* 2 400 000
* 2 560 000
1 167 942
* 2 500 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
8 351 563
1 450 400
1 424
26 000
1 393 655
2 227 000
2 136
51 000
67 542
838 672
2 653
8 041 168
1 386 140
—
15 940
1 288 758
2 097 000
—
49 579
132 000
811 000
2 703
8 026 587
952 000
1 277
19 766
1 050 000
1 403 000
—
43 000
82 058
796 000
2 748
8 203 000
911 000
1 200
20 000
1 325 000
1 678 000
—
55 000
70 990
790 000
2 600
8 800 783
757 900
1 312
3 000
1 315 000
1 733 000
—
58 000
70 108
696 453
2 315
Notes
(1) Hungary is also believed to produce antimony, arsenic and sulphur
(2) In addition to the countries producing sillimanite minerals, synthetic mullite is believed to be produced in Hungary
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Lignite
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
52
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 889 989
1 382 695
1 294 700
1 191 521
1 137 425
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
178 984
98 187
27 580
29 228
849
168 347
102 652
10 981
22 098
1 191
89 857
88 515
26 176
35 060
555
112 819
92 011
41 719
51 508
954
107 937
71 834
38 819
66 599
782
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
177 191
4 448
—
329 647
25 169
1 701
220 069
2 987
296
185 279
795
25
277 497
6 451
tonnes
tonnes
...
—
402
89 444
...
41 329
9 151
3 390
5 077
4 886
tonnes
tonnes
23 394
...
20 958
989
19 120
314
15 319
571
31 459
1 120
kilograms
kilograms
871
...
657
...
1 312
...
1 827
2 221 600
2 214
2 665 300
tonnes
8 626
19 259
22 019
17 367
44 845
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
829
36 548
567 923
3 762
47
90 282
691 805
3 110
...
4 315
636 805
2 847
104
9 274
1 132 142
2 436
207
44 796
1 272 473
3 272
Hungary
Exports continued
Commodity
Lead
Scrap
Mercury
Nickel
Scrap
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
kilograms
2 369
...
4 052
...
4 001
...
1 898
6 400
2 428
10 700
tonnes
tonnes
40
127 853
81
—
203
323 537
170
—
126
—
kilograms
89 200
...
...
92 300
91 200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 474
1 459
7 891
1 388
9 916
3 434
5 697
1 356
5 805
39 405
(b) * 7 600
(b) * 7 200
(b) * 4 300
7 506
8 180
kilograms
527
139
1 300
3 300
29 200
tonnes
43 178
43 649
39 638
44 098
48 616
tonnes
tonnes
51
141
140
246
82
222
44
196
43
222
tonnes
991
1 402
1 120
1 942
1 484
tonnes
3 716
1 902
2 978
2 821
2 314
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust (a)
Diatomite
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
455 416
806 281
446 187
473 730
369 445
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
319 681
2 899
451
132 695
149 299
37 204
297 832
8 997
508
122 319
107 123
56 347
178 031
9 246
3 352
100 897
79 437
30 212
244 095
22 660
6 856
146 221
165 833
43 720
254 039
36 305
9 123
135 392
190 175
59 661
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
192
1 456
2 933
144
492
3 095
173
4 536
3 608
156
1 441
4 360
148
2 852
4 648
tonnes
kilograms
3
(d) 29 143
13
9 900
84
10 500
106
4 500
50
8 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
40 099
560 863
144 824
...
643 776
55 798
117 232
565 552
49 051
69 469
495 045
34 191
67 770
785 166
33 802
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 950 139
572 742
13 589
1 893 076
767 480
16 093
(c) 1 340 769
413 094
17 519
(c) 1 744 778
297 335
14 352
(c) 1 570 645
318 792
11 018
tonnes
tonnes
2 492
1 405
3 016
5 933
2 168
10 091
3 637
4 038
4 819
5 416
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
£ 52 000
(a)£* 290 200
* 3 214 500
2 111
£ 220 000
(a)£* 293 900
* 4 550 300
1 110
£ 167 000
£ 171 457
* 5 832 400
796
£ 280 000
£ 168 340
* 9 411 700
957
£ 657 000
£ 674 606
* 12 763 300
1 189
53
Hungary
Imports continued
Commodity
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Molybdenum
Metal
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Nickel
Unwrought (b)
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
54
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
13 567
7 460
178
10 418
4 512
147
14 499
(a)* 1 500
126
14 235
2 662
113
14 211
4 152
71
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
5 424
60 615
4 400
968 033
6 713
49 220
7 900
616 684
3 248
43 128
2 100
876 109
5 362
12 413
2 700
1 985 510
5 198
18 039
6 100
1 780 865
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
13 285
3 116
1 132
4 311
4 168
5 907
403
2 982
29 820
87 369
25 168
12 951
1 043
12 753
4 318
4 661
5 232
640
2 184
273 585
146 494
29 089
3 403
425
15 503
2 037
922
3 100
277
2 589
104 855
34 357
25 094
7 158
756
554
12 015
724
3 630
460
4 010
30 505
56 974
24 175
5 662
638
269
16 011
1 785
3 999
572
7 832
240 299
68 566
29 736
tonnes
5 802
2 711
2 663
6 138
9 497
tonnes
tonnes
442
9 318
1 751
7 892
1 081
1 563
1 331
6 783
1 499
4 369
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
254
332
3 300
293
1 185
4 293
220
280
4 800
198
336
5 000
159
461
8 400
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
112
6 064 641
7 366 053
102
(a)* 6 959 000
8 574 143
69
(a)* 6 241 000
6 238 749
70
5 310 899
5 858 735
60
5 935 772
5 788 348
tonnes
tonnes
116
2
69
41
219
37
346
45
35
1 028
kilograms
126
453
26
1 300
84
tonnes
tonnes
168 692
5 863
181 373
4 552
38 441
4 372
90 063
5 760
98 351
6 161
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
136
106
514 119
55
62
510 287
36
26
535 928
38
31
704 143
33
23
800 950
tonnes
tonnes
3 428
—
2 812
1 192
1 892
649
2 100
1 348
2 903
1 854
kilograms
14 581
8 354
128 985
196 500
234 100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(a)* 1 200
174
9 224
2 105
586
8 875
(a)* 1 200
186
7 566
3 189
119
6 786
1 100
223
6 226
tonnes
0
...
0
32
0
tonnes
328
320
208
231
156
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(b)* 1 400
138
8 291
2 659
31
8 590
(b)* 1 200
216
6 853
2 677
84
8 927
2 410
134
8 885
tonnes
41
54
31
54
67
tonnes
16 843
17 011
9 862
11 767
12 818
Hungary
Imports continued
Commodity
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
2 427
2 439
1 265
2 455
1 765
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Including alloys
(c) Including anthracite
(d) May include some fluorine
55
Iceland
Iceland
Production
Commodity
Primary aluminium
Ferro-Alloys
Ferro-silicon
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
446 297
761 204
804 605
825 803
780 853
tonnes
114 886
107 882
112 992
114 230
120 076
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
35 965
41 024
29 712
44 512
85 854
tonnes
tonnes
446 297
3 872
760 764
12 483
805 450
4 467
812 981
10 136
765 999
6 397
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
117 230
6
15
68 014
5 934
105 868
1 729
—
60 287
3 718
112 993
4 595
200
38 075
2 115
114 231
5 603
—
37 328
1 093
120 076
6
—
38 954
1 402
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
47 334
30 405
4 846
6 492
7 524
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
814 258
293
5 022
1 620 531
439
2 392
1 557 309
1 461
1 259
1 612 188
6 127
432
1 539 080
5 560
563
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 978
166 488
868
628
111 918
505
30
38 640
241
42
24 481
4 405
49
26 714
226
tonnes
tonnes
107 686
31 882
91 576
6 609
104 094
9 903
101 220
3 521
103 822
6 701
Carats
tonnes
* 500 000
—
* 200 000
11
* 100 000
2 132
110 592
18
90 000
18
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
13 279
1 409
12 001
43 452
10 533
1 606
12 029
(b) 44 167
4 724
642
9
34 404
2 579
192
9
36 318
892
181
24
42 846
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
502
63
466
4 352
—
1 128
113
1 614
1 361
1 164
1 333
5 641
237
1 528
643
1 148
6 838
4 366
633
11 545
841
204
3 204
965
4 680
kilograms
960
162
158
117
216
tonnes
—
85
87
350
77
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Scrap
Salt
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Diamond
Gem, cut
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Rare earths
Metals
56
Iceland
Imports continued
Commodity
Salt
Silver
Metal
Titanium
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
100 169
113 142
98 207
65 342
94 177
kilograms
1 388
858
1 096
909
700
tonnes
—
34
99
100
59
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) Including burnt pyrites
57
Ireland, Republic of
Ireland, Republic of
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Alumina
Cement
Cement, finished
Gypsum
Lead, mine
Lead, refined
Natural gas (a)
Silver, mine
Zinc, mine
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
* 40 000 000
* 90 000 000
1 800 000
* 25 000 000
* 60 000 000
1 890 000
* 15 000 000
* 50 000 000
1 240 000
10 000 000
40 000 000
1 864 000
7 000 000
25 000 000
1 922 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
million m3
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
* 4 700 000
* 700 000
56 800
22 500
519
9 650
400 900
* 3 910 000
* 600 000
50 200
20 000
506
7 172
398 200
* 2 720 000
* 400 000
49 500
19 000
414
5 267
385 700
* 2 290 000
* 300 000
39 100
19 000
402
3 818
342 500
* 1 700 000
* 300 000
50 700
18 000
361
6 109
344 000
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
85 146
255 295
40 626
13 318
16 005
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 167
1 652 967
10 011
5 425
22 397
1 438
1 709 302
88 039
3 711
21 041
2 619
895 034
95 548
2 455
18 257
1
1 542 563
124 803
2 576
22 810
—
1 794 148
103 631
3 109
29 261
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
16 033
1 120 808
1 596
—
1 144 186
1 512
4 823
1 054 533
1 317
1
1 025 910
8 787
—
942 940
1 158
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
30 451
4 395
...
...
6 158
6 508
2
3 861
9 858
—
5 820
12 695
6
2 851
11 333
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
113
152
45
144
0
47
84
—
145
184
—
234
68
—
125
tonnes
9 836
21 421
23 305
13 172
10 168
Carats
Carats
24 845 000
...
4 872
...
204 108
25 308 022
58 658
65 757 012
2 801 447
419 763 462
kilograms
7 365
5 578
11 155
10 480
9 268
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
1 058
37 914
1 944
1 094
32 821
1 536
10 425
28 491
1 982
23 355
15 129
—
5 390
21 274
2 589
tonnes
tonnes
419
478 562
924
485 387
547
428 416
262
484 871
9 240
609 985
tonnes
tonnes
108 645
496
91 728
49
109 877
114
62 729
638
64 470
4 144
tonnes
tonnes
5 487
3 981
5 006
9 912
9 133
8 595
3 383
33 334
18 665
11 761
Note
(a) Sales
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Oxides
Metal
Copper
Scrap
Diamond
Industrial
Dust
Gold
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
58
Ireland, Republic of
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Tin
Unwrought
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
556
55 635
5 447
236
—
—
220
11
383
557
96
3
269
46 629
—
kilograms
7 179
16 854
8 544
5 440
1 763
tonnes
tonnes
8
3 867
9
8 783
7
735
1
10 183
1
1 540
kilograms
2 560
—
—
...
—
tonnes
(a) 1 094
(a) 34
(a) 23
(a) 689
—
tonnes
180
10
—
59
42
tonnes
tonnes
412 703
3 044
404 303
649
594 268
312
588 143
299
660 259
300
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 729 337
1 368 008
781 470
652 594
695 162
tonnes
tonnes
4 144 231
9 268
3 009 615
9 579
2 786 723
4 711
4 111 457
4 903
4 215 019
4 378
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
137
586
2 916
95
229
2 643
...
169
2 741
—
176
2 734
...
221
2 623
tonnes
12
38
14
5
1
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
330 948
664 977
16 409
36 153
780 528
14 649
31 983
192 556
10 698
15 459
133 977
4 974
23 190
100 440
4 112
tonnes
101
120
138
83
179
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
33 175
1 830 979
14 271
47 392
2 169 185
19 049
53 413
1 721 651
40 482
77 112
1 601 294
31 507
33 665
2 149 095
30 673
tonnes
tonnes
571
298
36
622
28
777
10
756
5
601
tonnes
21
30 176
42 945
2
2
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
42 460 000
4 365 000
46 100 000
35 720 000
233 626 080
859
17 535 000
3 240 000
28 020 000
10 560 000
232 059 616
1 458
4 935 000
1 885 000
18 170 000
2 100 000
86 782 073
1 243
3 600 000
1 565 000
11 385 000
4 585 000
86 782 073
640
1 615 000
1 620 000
6 745 000
2 570 000
737 328 237
699
kilograms
£6 260 000
£5 271 000
£4 365 000
£4 047 000
£5 356 000
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
7 487
22 676
10 318
1 412
24 877
21 515
15 931
13 930
24 358
20 637
5 410
13 311
2 731
9 318
22 220
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
59
Ireland, Republic of
Imports continued
Commodity
Iron ore (b)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Sponge and powder
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (c)
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Including manganiferous iron ore
60
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
4 594
13 478
18 151
592
150
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
557
464
8 319
4 179
19 322
997
370
5 459
4 206
18 766
955
737
5 373
4 388
3 155
989
385
7 332
4 030
4 039
1 176
361
5 423
3 310
3 414
tonnes
tonnes
35 675
25 828
23 480
17 702
15 784
16 689
14 357
12 074
15 345
12 305
tonnes
tonnes
5 971
48 088
4 385
42 999
4 191
22 523
5 535
39 638
6 333
49 122
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
286
1 019
508
75
979
291
65
1 182
43
54
8 582
77
9 565
24
24
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
97
3 595 537
3 838 104
6 028
1 118
2 878 397
4 364 595
3 425
626
2 792 968
4 192 236
85
1 503
2 931 391
4 738 918
5 328
1 748
2 720 968
4 430 360
264
kilograms
10 425
2 185
121 381
9 470
3 631
tonnes
tonnes
122 191
1 785
97 056
4 347
29 932
3 390
99 181
7 570
95 816
2 011
tonnes
tonnes
23
89 236
21
105 636
67
114 659
8
172 053
85
308 884
kilograms
1 045
29 530
5 316
3 999
17 103
tonnes
tonnes
887
375
305
473
74
1 722
17
1 140
0
1 320
tonnes
3
2
4
85
0
tonnes
249
389
100
157
117
tonnes
tonnes
362
4 822
1 154
3 961
507
4 308
414
4 922
202
4 312
tonnes
tonnes
277
184
215
158
68
108
91
68
76
186
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
16
7 687
1
76 922
5 185
1 268
15
2 210
—
8
2 104
—
8
2 358
—
tonnes
425
3 976
1 323
16 162
886
Italy
Italy
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel (a)
Crushed rock (a)
Alumina
Primary aluminium
Barytes
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, clinker (a)
Cement, finished
Copper, refined
Feldspar
Gypsum
Indium
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Crude steel
Kaolin
Lead, mine
Lead, refined
Perlite
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Rock salt and brine salt
Talc
Slab zinc
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
170 071 749
97 463 072
1 100 000
179 500
* 5 000
305 905
174 779 712
91 373 378
1 045 000
186 400
* 5 000
161 313
164 218 753
84 717 579
92 000
165 800
* 3 500
114 682
150 996 352
80 336 696
—
129 500
* 3 500
110 982
164 844 967
76 793 269
—
141 900
* 3 500
102 756
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 088 402
45 590 422
28 600
3 524 389
* 1 600 000
*5
11 100 000
957 371
42 863 063
24 200
4 727 000
* 1 600 000
*5
10 400 000
637 853
33 611 625
6 500
* 4 700 000
* 1 600 000
*5
5 670 000
966 577
37 061 576
1 800
* 4 700 000
* 1 600 000
*5
8 555 000
1 286 791
35 687 105
2 000
* 4 700 000
* 1 600 000
*5
9 824 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
* 30 000
87 000
31 506 000
* 180 000
3 000
211 800
* 60 000
5 800 000
9 700
* 30 000
87 000
30 590 000
* 180 000
3 000
199 900
* 60 000
5 200 000
9 300
* 20 000
56 000
19 848 000
* 180 000
2 000
149 000
* 60 000
4 600 000
7 900
* 25 000
108 000
25 750 000
* 180 000
3 000
150 000
* 60 000
5 100 000
7 600
* 25 000
145 000
28 735 000
* 180 000
3 000
146 500
* 60 000
5 280 000
8 340
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 383 560
117 643
102 100
5 412 449
* 110 000
107 100
3 678 234
* 110 000
103 400
4 006 882
* 110 000
104 700
2 912 128
* 110 000
110 200
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 482 346
1 522 229
1 308 016
1 507 704
1 071 579
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
49 989
696 603
34 521
18 971
104 361
42 052
26 718
571 090
35 538
18 249
96 798
56 214
4 585
61 223
1 243
30 019
122 294
82 055
66 218
17 056
4 346
49 442
220 237
107 131
46 330
16 821
7 023
25 882
286 525
102 696
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
355
1
237
2 239
296 809
386
12
569
1 238
293 417
566
2
391
2 890
186 219
960
19
226
1 906
257 173
898
80
261
2 623
214 775
tonnes
kilograms
1
55 156
38
1 000
5
43
1
294
13
104
tonnes
796
1 633
2 030
3 104
1 722
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
143 235
2 143 940
536 324
38 106
2 094 130
491 150
5 280
1 637 605
469 636
52 673
2 035 118
393 746
45 472
1 681 397
250 624
Notes
(1) Italy is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Sales
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
61
Italy
Exports continued
Commodity
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Metal
Copper
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore (a)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (b)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
62
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
3 980
1 666
2 567
166
1 762
29
1 617
5
3 764
1
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
29 275
12 576
5 874
13 456
18 563
492
15 474
14 733
514
12 817
1 485
3 923
17 611
571
213
tonnes
tonnes
223
168
235
220
141
205
206
187
224
230
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 244
120 231
10 903
11 521
20 830
911
148 923
6 426
6 955
15 268
90
158 062
2 752
13 186
12 787
61
167 424
7 290
8 648
15 553
1
174 068
8 502
13 506
20 024
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
131 174
66 016 904
3 884
226 963
19 281
149 203
10 384 560
9 991
324 977
31 271
155 195
1 550 895
10 392
126 289
9 518
243 170
15 054 770
6 716
194 763
6 740
181 572
14 873 656
2 226
288 246
28 942
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
56 360
160
401
51 260
1 376
308
106 646
173
820
109 762
154 845
798
176 952
1 006
512
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
17 748
27 123
2 613
8 570
24 525
24 496
2 119
1 699
17 907
21 848
86 917
354
12 035
18 484
24 722
8 779
9 614
39 465
20 112
6 742
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
50 789
1 097
5 411
2 061
14 562
7 048
68
239
7 113
457
4 576
983 369
240 735
16 265
36 137
615
4 593
1 681
12 890
6 882
277
123
7 094
1 559
6 007
964 245
387 528
13 627
61 761
452
2 066
673
7 457
4 322
1 266
418
6 395
2 013
3 200
570 380
325 026
21 392
38 026
729
5 020
733
9 186
4 316
149
176
6 329
163
3 284
909 562
422 731
36 208
22 412
1 534
5 639
783
9 761
3 890
41
215
8 642
195
4 293
908 493
317 626
27 994
tonnes
tonnes
8 008
7 661
34 904
6 897
23 006
7 594
7 821
9 776
15 455
10 173
tonnes
225
193
145
49
105
tonnes
tonnes
3 878
9 036
2 337
8 172
1 945
5 873
2 535
7 393
3 236
6 194
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
309
125 946
1 429
494
84 247
3 211
326
89 228
857
716
202 273
697
963
68 623
1 014
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
311
221
185
159
873
604
205
488
982
1 523
911
443
2 299
443
286
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
724
1 272
1 442 498
585 818
658
972
1 195 500
1 749 247
541
1 293
619 630
1 620 776
3 537
2 408
423 777
1 427 161
627
2 097
713 237
159 619
Italy
Exports continued
Commodity
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
7 800
7 661
6 416
10 751
16 139
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
11 783
5 828
94 988
13 350
8 295
257
10 043
8 898
311
10 408
12 684
634
9 982
14 436
37 750
tonnes
5 572
6 345
12 725
13 629
8 702
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
177
38
212 223
112
153
322 221
78
167
558 441
101
236
919 673
145
322
1 017 938
kilograms
547 042
519 148
383 782
715 501
995 384
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8 024
263 362
39 061
131 071
10 071
219 095
4 693
114 017
6 005
256 614
21 430
124 212
13 698
286 954
22 485
143 236
16 032
285 891
55 740
135 418
tonnes
tonnes
567
204
392
249
411
154
367
289
383
243
tonnes
tonnes
4 884
26 242
5 478
25 982
3 607
23 508
3 248
27 450
4 789
26 181
tonnes
455
973
670
925
1 091
tonnes
527
217
385
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
105 437
21 048
6 689
13 574
99 121
7 967
2 857
8 603
48 051
5 258
3 491
12 334
98 211
11 071
6 377
16 427
71 471
16 570
9 385
13 006
tonnes
tonnes
25 596
630
41 296
233
33 219
274
41 784
136
44 252
34
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
4 967 745
4 139 144
3 654 570
3 057 378
2 135 306
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 374 609
148 384
166 453
534 385
545 052
432 780
2 417 499
144 473
143 217
445 882
436 207
377 441
36 975
88 864
142 005
284 779
310 560
268 836
62 666
252 028
198 253
432 393
488 002
372 686
45 146
406 774
205 274
482 850
563 882
461 302
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
851
399
5 950
1 171
300
6 168
935
198
4 602
1 378
233
5 460
1 169
298
4 227
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
64
89 745
155 568
43
102 684
136 417
45
51 615
96 698
19
67 303
130 508
74
88 574
140 458
tonnes
kilograms
316
374 426
269
598 800
152
958 588
355
1 259 187
378
1 207 042
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
63
Italy
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Cadmium
Metal
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
64
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
40
49
43
3
44
2 827 333
1 162 254
287 190
2 095 716
962 746
295 988
1 495 609
1 433 820
308 222
797 703
1 298 080
139 459
844 108
1 119 225
125 066
46 433
902
36 552
721
23 842
943
22 012
881
31 861
1 738
406 331
25 111 043
6 921
490 757
25 745 375
5 392
210 384
20 165 036
7 786
408 391
21 820 370
6 233
394 026
23 656 907
3 857
626
1 682
703
561
632
473
477
707
758
719
177 546
746 482
24 996
167 212
617 420
18 531
91 519
544 197
8 166
129 074
627 826
14 679
148 358
614 659
15 910
915 000
80 000
14 560 000
880 000
161 010 000
4 487
2 573 637
236 797
1 905 000
10 000
12 135 000
1 145 000
252 290 000
3 939
2 511 704
238 008
355 000
25 000
9 875 000
675 000
121 055 000
2 497
1 570 345
212 415
990 000
60 000
13 935 000
1 545 000
196 860 000
3 920
1 951 827
200 184
975 000
115 000
13 160 000
1 615 000
248 520 000
5 555
1 954 499
246 374
206 914
17 885
11 362
166 506
851
11 832
146 721
864
5 995
149 022
649
8 308
175 415
9 834
12 559
6 814
21 088
1 231 082
17 013 076
21 411
19 621
1 343 977
16 313 184
5 754
16 645
1 256 232
8 159 741
3 618
16 267
1 080 203
12 092 237
2 205
16 976
1 375 868
15 134 122
2 235 376
465 834
419 392
16 751
108 976
229 755
7 433
91 651
2 783
721
154 797
4 230
385
2 521
1
57 854
5 991 974
5 242 020
881 968
2 238 037
396 660
389 002
15 716
96 771
186 135
8 318
104 198
2 733
488
122 236
3 861
578
2 445
243
57 493
5 311 325
5 705 462
810 560
895 818
174 364
296 813
6 026
46 537
119 670
3 998
78 383
1 395
550
89 909
4 462
300
1 158
—
27 402
2 655 726
3 321 387
505 593
1 018 615
278 989
390 374
9 269
71 406
158 540
6 141
98 168
2 751
631
137 031
3 876
247
1 901
97
48 392
3 681 439
4 609 403
823 461
1 288 014
540 005
414 410
10 881
86 512
176 855
8 541
116 806
2 521
414
160 561
3 819
252
2 330
841
53 131
3 662 856
5 752 270
707 622
111 999
114 471
7 107
85 760
99 015
2 972
29 210
86 054
2 031
20
111 301
2 609
0
109 458
4 976
160
1 303
246
1 519
96
1 185
175
1 123
148
1 369
Italy
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (a)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Pentoxide
tonnes
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
10 240
131 140
18 347
150 098
9 375
93 262
21 454
143 725
27 347
133 451
113 300
7 100
9 491
114 289
5 839
21 754
77 075
3 709
19 992
55 284
5 788
10 510
81 629
5 759
15 246
189
4 803
106
3 980
417
2 597
136
3 854
209
3 849
5 901
215
183
6 220
254
125
6 703
171
176
9 108
136
276
5 248
219
199
1 372
41 802
1 613
89 130 022
71 491 000
249 847
892
42 339
2 164
82 998 642
36 489 000
248 005
763
25 833
2 841
76 301 866
52 879 546
89 245
1 063
39 586
1 171
76 729 305
59 616 091
231 808
656
38 075
1 314
72 173 373
50 506 295
243 718
20 491
18 880
1 811
447
16 570
20 593
2 426
7 646
13 627
13 047
1 909
8 178
12 545
10 019
1 694
16 918
10 630
9 171
1 084
1 468
90 992
396 162
15 929
78 513
346 465
9 882
31 910
144 086
3 413
88 593
367 465
8 415
58 418
287 984
1 368
149
694
452
2
611 435
144
710
431
2
572 965
87
414
258
5
902 241
124
597
303
10
1 119 583
108
616
307
3
1 045 659
16 672
8 135
19 422
11 194
38 590
6 582
14 473
16 141
17 937
13 564
1 002
1 445 303
—
1 167 457
15
881 205
70 440
1 120 080
31 391
729 807
14 879
16 271
414
140 461
20 984
48 618
2 711
147 549
228
13 305
3 617
78 506
13 538
19 263
758
100 934
29 746
30 290
732
115 046
4 113
504
115
4 124
777
79
2 652
360
49
3 828
1 074
60
4 936
533
220
136 274
8 609
166 223
102 909
7 155
141 959
74 338
3 352
139 071
98 978
4 497
160 361
111 842
9 420
164 708
280
361
255
350
147
103
496
279
552
440
...
150
255
173
18
45
...
53
...
45
195 798
314 714
51 514
21 599
161 838
179 691
81 350
15 369
155 028
118 424
22 194
15 315
184 192
245 254
34 595
27 740
153 982
244 557
39 554
36 491
65
Italy
Imports continued
Commodity
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Note
(a) Including manganiferous iron ore
66
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
114 838
315
129 999
130
53 845
226
98 214
144
81 360
184
Latvia
Latvia
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Gypsum (a)
Crude steel
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
9 998 863
937 030
8 905 937
1 413 395
6 520 363
818 390
5 890 950
1 375 197
7 600 317
2 050 976
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
* 300 000
346 000
696 000
...
* 310 000
349 000
635 000
...
* 650 000
175 870
692 000
1 158 000
* 1 100 000
176 510
655 000
1 277 000
* 1 100 000
216 000
568 000
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
32 783
54 321
121 260
101 406
59 930
tonnes
tonnes
19 281
2 416
17 012
4 203
11 772
4 419
14 493
5 461
21 793
4 414
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
35 307
43 951
10 178
—
240 311
20
2 382
147 960
126
68 802
562 435
76
201 050
673 260
250
tonnes
tonnes
—
21
3 140
79
170
74
3 136
3 262
26 100
6 402
tonnes
tonnes
3 272
7 309
4 117
6 900
2 518
6 138
726
7 106
1 650
13 679
tonnes
74 627
63 732
37 352
38 596
47 016
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
...
...
...
4 371
245 958
...
1 343
...
...
4 010
388 456
204
402
...
1
2 323
213 766
4 051
794
6 247
11 029
2 442
396 794
9 502
1 132
16 563
23 706
5 045
563 192
tonnes
363
164
1 352
3 243
3 086
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
49
...
—
199
2
...
3 301
165
93
3 108
112
524
2 284
116
42 208
kilograms
219
181
—
—
...
tonnes
tonnes
250
14 282
970
13 741
0
15 919
39
23 172
28
35 545
tonnes
...
3
...
175
8
tonnes
757
443
975
587
459
Note
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Briquettes
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Scrap
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Crude petroleum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Tin
Scrap
Zinc
Scrap
Note
(a) Including anthracite
67
Latvia
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Copper
Unwrought
Diatomite
Fluorspar
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome (d)
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (c)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 663 783
2 033 701
565 877
467 414
611 872
tonnes
tonnes
6 837
1 850
7 677
2 628
5 974
2 148
7 828
2 787
10 381
3 434
tonnes
tonnes
29 438
431 482
30 233
353 174
34 375
87 660
158
94 873
6 551
89 751
tonnes
153 806
169 211
136 277
181 348
198 165
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 396
545
220
3 609
681
240
3 049
534
468
712
412
678
2 153
805
775
tonnes
tonnes
13 670
46 109
5 818
44 607
1 920
2 393
24 696
1
36 282
(b) 7 422
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
65 437
131
* 20
3 021
14 947
3 086
372
656
158 649
294 904
11 071
56 964
19
* 130
10 334
23 477
18 466
132
467
146 505
412 240
11 173
38 140
14 931
* 9 050
2 345
14 722
15 085
415
783
226 967
214 564
7 476
45 454
4 460
* 300
4 090
18 898
24 660
158
1 553
206 428
443 817
10 594
2 244
565
* 1 700
1 480
17 085
25 992
245
981
402 711
366 039
9 289
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 678
1 158 965
1 529
5 355
1 138 776
477
2 827
1 047 240
62
5 524
1 160 668
99
2 735
1 099 045
197
kilograms
1 842
2 842
(d)* 3 900
(d)* 400
...
tonnes
tonnes
8 875
123 316
10 845
144 424
—
151 529
6 414
163 486
3 468
198 975
kilograms
1 450
1 174
556
791
2 300
tonnes
tonnes
8
396
9
417
12 488
314
24
295
21
145
tonnes
781
3 112
562
739
693
tonnes
664
1 256
830
383
249
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Including alloys
(d) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
68
Lithuania
Lithuania
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Crude petroleum
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
9 181 552
6 424 791
9 469 411
6 913 160
5 029 476
2 849 122
5 655 401
3 281 330
5 776 850
4 456 089
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
*—
1 105 365
154 449
—
1 075 581
127 658
233 292
583 067
114 956
—
834 000
114 464
—
996 284
113 895
tonnes (sulphur content)
42 618
73 870
69 722
73 470
76 699
Notes
(1) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in Lithuania
(a) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diatomite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
Lead
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Nickel
Scrap
Crude petroleum
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 053 802
943 673
163 850
57 255
139 291
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 453
5 701
5 457
3 994
5 280
1 929
2 614
4 796
266
7 754
5 298
442
7 534
8 952
1 628
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
560
154 649
893
130
204 951
1 531
39 878
170 273
491
14
352 750
1 151
98
450 601
406
tonnes
1 156
240
78
46
19
tonnes
4 599
7 685
10 915
33 109
28 271
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
196
4 814
34
135
4 675
30
610
3 375
78
591
4 128
551
4 873
5 724
615
tonnes
kilograms
1 804
20
2 436
3
423
—
237
4
250
8 900
tonnes
tonnes
15 437
661 349
11 188
659 646
3 093
422 436
104
595 721
141
664 225
tonnes
11 776
9 730
4 210
5 941
5 335
tonnes
26
...
537
717
352
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
232
155 416
2 011
131
128 838
140
85
113 172
—
76
110 597
—
46
80 025
—
kilograms
404
62 710
101 900
193 600
126 800
tonnes
5 752
2 846
18 714
6 517
4 256
tonnes
tonnes
4
6 761
3
6 063
8
5 437
12
19 031
10
13 514
kilograms
61
600
200
1 100
1 600
tonnes
7
1 517
14 038
1 227
403
69
Lithuania
Exports continued
Commodity
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Titanium
Oxides
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
48
31
11
9
18
tonnes
268
1 230
502
1 167
965
tonnes
346
358
...
...
...
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 333 772
1 301 091
695 973
849 462
1 046 066
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
13 304
3 380
3 105
...
10 282
1 887
3 068
6 922
1 815
888
3 368
4 348
16 411
2 460
4 378
...
26 876
6 014
6 250
tonnes
tonnes
104 219
170 955
79 102
111 578
996
133 039
176 461
122 178
227 793
144 824
tonnes
356 342
382 695
215 439
316 971
392 359
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
388
1 178
1 693
1 454
763
1 516
415
836
2 958
596
744
6 265
4 652
1 174
10 278
kilograms
2
—
103
—
64 500
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
78 185
47 112
470
90 320
43 127
383
28 754
19 974
4 510
54 772
17 377
17 732
63 632
18 503
20 100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 660
9 705
5 983
437
6 011
64 661
568
1 218
9 634
...
457
9 661
64 462
607
415
2 842
2
114
1 229
29 805
159
315
32
...
161
4 270
35 270
486
142
35
...
756
5 384
71 858
360
tonnes
368
162
3 301
4 459
5 755
tonnes
6 501
5 196
855
1 245
593
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11
4 869 858
2 414 798
1 202 196
6
9 325 904
2 246 642
1 209 385
7
8 413 067
1 761 529
1 162 070
65
9 018 334
2 048 906
1 354 093
37
8 943 996
2 385 268
1 254 579
kilograms
65 900
40 800
22 700
76 400
64 600
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
15 637
138 895
...
10 971
107 749
487
2 617
6 631
...
2 581
32 552
...
7 069
35 602
...
tonnes
tonnes
3
171 915
8
166 505
3
159 534
14
209 506
11
246 724
kilograms
5 200
6 900
5 800
6 300
7 800
Note
(a) Including anthracite
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Copper
Unwrought
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-manganese
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Molybdenum
Metal
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
70
Lithuania
Imports continued
Commodity
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Titanium
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (b)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
317 678
0
511
293 365
404
388
319 353
18
225
326 485
1
270
298 977
0
190
tonnes
47
38
24
12
13
tonnes
1 328
980
1 259
1 947
2 081
tonnes
38
1
—
1
156
tonnes
627
563
190
460
1 049
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including alloys
71
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Production
Commodity
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Crude steel
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
817 000
908 000
2 858 000
761 800
907 500
2 582 000
706 426
929 820
2 141 000
736 000
1 030 700
2 548 000
770 232
1 232 633
2 521 000
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
191 762
451 026
132 842
160 773
161 019
tonnes
tonnes
231 110
19 630
143 237
11 164
85 636
3 785
157 473
6 034
151 330
6 051
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
161 362
78 252
31 475
181 689
109 447
264 233
58 463
119 660
137 975
7 695
341 075
219 688
4 215
424 306
320 980
tonnes
3
7
3
1
305
tonnes
tonnes
6 348
...
2 412
...
1 787
11
2 492
7
2 449
1
Carats
540 955
346 291 881
313 330
750 900
1 006 960
kilograms
12 200
55 600
38 000
32 700
8 000
tonnes
kilograms
1 232
...
553
...
661
...
1 596
83 600
1 919
40 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
81 112
311 114
160
49 843
504 067
268
16 793
114 924
414
10 953
165 832
22
37 393
133 133
6
tonnes
197
481
621
943
1 325
kilograms
kilograms
4 700
...
5 800
...
2 500
24 700
...
5 600
—
16 000
tonnes
tonnes
231
74
778
219
98
220
330
1 072
190
589
kilograms
200
100
—
—
600
tonnes
5
0
2
203
47
tonnes
1 807
315
423
1 134
739
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Dust
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Silver
Metal
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Scrap
72
Luxembourg
Imports
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Copper
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
tonnes
Mica
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
tonnes
Titanium
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Carbide
tonnes
Zinc
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
1 850 515
1 370 991
1 757 604
2 097 069
2 211 572
2 851
47 982
12 076
186 465
2 225
52 669
9 320
123 407
1 403
33 315
4 480
48 091
1 117
62 504
7 362
128 632
1 490
51 627
5 586
121 295
120
29 556
...
27 726
—
16 377
—
17 182
37
17 049
51 936
32 068
23 525
36 976
33 617
22 879
17 827
56 666
16 255
27 238
34 642
12 119
34 532
42 548
14 934
42 128
59 201
5 992
34 471
81 616
7 119
16 525
83 454
7 093
24 834
76 133
7 090
16 256
73 322
7 710
212
243
11
163
811
15 791
8 833
7 533
10 708
10 061
£113 000
£255 000
£519 000
159
1 278
£24 000
£595 000
£691 000
1 492
1 343
£47 000
£446 000
£227 000
7 054
618
£20 000
£418 000
£609 000
7 858
983
£248 000
£533 000
£472 000
7 394
887
10 200
37 400
10 000
12 300
13 300
849
31 700
51 416
25 257
57 828
15 793
50 104
10 715
69 918
18 459
3 275
47 741
577
3 987
841
788 410
3 137 236
9 013
1 373
787
1 797
5 478
28 617
473
8 115
1 309
1 004 405
3 880 672
10 951
1 663
41
221 375
1 132
25 617
166
2 846
582
364 945
1 829 754
6 316
2 202
0
92 122
910
27 116
192
3 428
906
407 419
2 693 481
904
2 612
1
3 591
1 317
29 053
226
3 828
1 179
370 786
2 632 849
563
2 375
3
3 077
9 322
1 410
1 702
1 633
0
940
2 048
801
1 681
1 167
1
—
21 104
1
—
45 882
2
—
51 132
2
11
77 304
5
0
91 033
26 083
7 061
3 738
24 304
11 000
3 139
5 771
2 981
2 166
1 789
339
1 169
165
1 051
66
1 114
456
1 481
1 842
1 534
1 110
983
465
7
2
9 841
1 360
5 831
537
6 049
237
9 232
475
6 819
533
73
Macedonia
Macedonia
Production
Commodity
Bentonite
Coal
Lignite
Copper, mine
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Lead, mine
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Nickel, mined
Silver, mine
Talc
Zinc, mine
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
22 509
13 689
9 033
7 084
8 914
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 569 220
7 029
32 814
255 500
370 317
7 669 103
8 051
28 920
242 400
344 866
7 395 915
7 440
19 377
154 550
299 332
6 583 000
7 900
23 188
143 118
317 057
7 902 000
7 600
25 032
162 984
348 576
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
15 321
78 892
36 039
15 300
15 000
* 30 000
1 775
30 957
15 026
97 605
49 877
15 000
15 000
* 40 000
977
38 737
12 000
7 657
46 788
12 000
12 000
* 35 000
682
38 648
14 413
30 044
41 293
14 400
14 200
* 32 000
1 292
32 900
17 292
56 167
37 295
17 292
25 600
* 30 000
547
28 100
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
1 795
4 181
2 043
5 201
1 514
3 716
2 351
3 310
2 432
3 730
tonnes
tonnes
90 869
308 468
173 089
281 782
5 638
361 677
...
315 074
0
277 326
tonnes
1 835
160
...
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 35 000
2 277
28 766
* 41 000
2 302
23 762
* 39 000
2 029
18 457
* 41 000
576
21 924
* 39 000
2 845
25 111
tonnes
10 167
12 496
12 604
30 273
32 328
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
48 258
71 189
30 139
124 200
...
...
(a)* 257 000
104 326
10 938
(a)* 91 800
16 621
59 407
31 344
67 384
19 491
71 830
46 254
77 107
52 684
83 784
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
47 209
70
2 622
...
184
2 209
60 702
1 271
226
55 482
801
226
48 959
421
219
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 328
2 050
5 091
1 124
...
1 685
3 255
509
0
1 233
3 616
528
60 181
1 056
2 666
636
25 579
651
5 456
648
tonnes
tonnes
58 973
874
...
576
69 509
479
60 369
739
51 545
313
Exports
Commodity
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Copper
Ores and concentrates (a)
Scrap
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Scrap
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Phosphate rock
Salt
Talc
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Macedonia
74
Macedonia
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Hard coal (b)
Lignite
Briquettes
Fluorspar
Graphite
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Salt
Silver
Metal
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 331
1 163
894
974
1 180
tonnes
tonnes
3 930
663
3 446
485
2 164
1 341
2 839
1 554
2 642
1 842
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
69 220
...
...
136 030
797
13 541
193 076
397
1 191
185 378
1 213
8 932
148 954
409
tonnes
1 432
306
495
294
512
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
199 946
1 532
63 805
380
1 969
214 078
...
56 640
300
1 522
85 660
340
9 207
457
761
160 162
23 409
7 623
350
875
189 549
42 052
22 546
600
911
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 467
3 737
501 134
310 410
16 849
18 863
2 609
3 402
482 294
255 543
12 259
13 956
1 732
1 618
157 566
7 375
4 879
10 113
1 823
2 401
145 509
292 049
4 985
11 266
1 382
5 970
97 889
318 612
3 815
9 418
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
143 556
1 063 614
63 225
170 455
1 057 671
86 823
...
992 672
53 192
56 893
...
79 059
110 589
685 090
93 816
tonnes
tonnes
863 999
35 657
789 929
37 575
985 925
39 232
1 210 300
42 011
1 393 490
39 986
kilograms
3 612
3 807
2 229
3 294
3 779
tonnes
383
426
427
504
502
tonnes
6 721
4 954
4 147
5 213
4 920
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) Including anthracite
75
Malta
Malta
Exports
Commodity
Aluminium and bauxite
Scrap
Copper
Scrap
Gold
Waste and scrap
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Scrap
Tin
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 136
1 441
1 361
1 865
1 788
tonnes
1 790
1 890
1 828
919
1 096
kilograms
...
...
...
17 008
27 387
tonnes
28 083
25 379
27 775
29 498
38 408
tonnes
340
250
*1
*3
4
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
29 929
25 817
47 363
37 324
28 813
tonnes
tonnes
356 365
2 949
374 392
1 498
328 411
1 552
285 182
13 002
258 304
6 676
kilograms
9 034
6 820
5 500
8 200
3 400
tonnes
tonnes
6 309
3 590
5 505
3 794
2 305
1 364
10 446
1 682
11 428
1 366
kilograms
783
5 455
1 090
128
100
tonnes
531
463
470
463
445
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Cement
Portland cement
Other cement
Gold
Metal
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Salt
Silver
Metal
Titanium
Oxides
76
Montenegro
Montenegro
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Bauxite
Alumina
Primary aluminium
Coal
Lignite
Crude steel
Salt
Sea salt
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
tonnes
132 662
355 416
667 053
240 186
135 151
234 210
462 331
671 811
220 426
111 513
118 989
186 221
45 779
58 528
63 960
79 227
328 939
61 205
—
82 043
76 347
167 405
158 614
—
92 838
tonnes
tonnes
1 195 515
173 849
1 740 076
201 623
957 164
90 404
1 937 847
48 272
1 972 671
61 164
tonnes
20 000
25 200
17 000
11 200
10 000
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
257 653
151 614
127 600
112 522
32 451
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
101 182
(a) 122 144
1 607
3
101 182
(a) 92 372
2 692
1 384
17 122
(a) 82 877
1 570
24
85 623
(a) 76 891
2 045
48
127 268
108 813
2 357
27
tonnes
...
...
...
...
2 372
tonnes
57 406
40 449
58 381
69 130
48 940
tonnes
1 480
1 356
1 029
1 769
2 356
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
18 136
12 380
2 265
32 159
10 229
3 505
15 423
14 442
3 776
18 775
28 570
14 316
6 866
55 204
1 560
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
50 573
74 112
44 639
26 703
12 452
tonnes
1 333
10
55 777
157 753
174 691
tonnes
...
48
...
22
...
tonnes
tonnes
557 771
6 169
517 062
214 958
279 497
171 150
266 063
116 132
250 759
90 911
tonnes
tonnes
7 285
12 181
12 792
15 410
6 734
3 448
—
(a) 0
62
3
Carats
5 000
75 000
30 000
10 000
45 000
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Bentonite
Cement
Portland cement
Coal
Lignite
Copper
Scrap
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Salt
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Cement
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Diamond
Dust
77
Montenegro
Imports continued
Commodity
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Scrap
Salt
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 969
1 747
3 356
653
730
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 040
2 306
559
629
138 421
13 670
17 864
2 921
697
422
138 502
4 814
13 954
1 664
271
127
54 801
10 402
322
1 663
288
297
19 950
6 470
1 150
891
187
566
27 396
9 600
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
78
Netherlands
Netherlands
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Primary aluminium
Cadmium
Cement
Cement, finished
Indium
Pig iron
Crude steel
Lead, refined
Magnesite (a)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Slab zinc
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
69 437 000
296 900
495
67 622 000
317 000
530
47 000 000
306 000
* 490
40 000 000
* 300 000
* 560
* 40 000 000
* 300 000
* 560
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
tonnes
* 2 700 000
*5
6 412 000
7 368 000
* 16 000
* 245 000
2 576 222
72 431
6 177 000
234 000
* 2 700 000
5
6 130 000
6 853 000
* 16 000
316 264
2 163 000
79 325
6 200 000
250 000
* 2 700 000
*5
4 655 000
5 193 000
* 17 000
183 256
1 704 000
74 659
5 967 000
224 000
* 2 700 000
*5
5 799 000
6 651 000
16 000
236 053
1 414 000
83 944
5 982 000
264 000
* 2 700 000
*5
5 943 000
6 937 000
16 000
274 877
1 464 000
76 431
6 866 000
261 000
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
9 185 884
9 339 355
7 140 000
9 311 275
15 472 833
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
41 170
542 794
151 641
490 373
341 670
317 877
129 186
257 169
85 713
332 871
361 012
264 142
* 59 000
62 131
65 279
218 141
191 239
200 650
26 997
8 665
76 244
424 733
320 263
317 038
12 739
43 695
89 612
390 062
246 826
322 834
tonnes
tonnes
308
496
185
346
171
285
219
433
385
264
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
59
68 798
129 692
67
58 740
120 946
* 30
121 567
135 722
11
79 880
178 093
62
71 719
186 574
tonnes
kilograms
238
1 475 500
196
1 821 400
28
1 960 700
34
1 477 700
32
1 154 400
tonnes
544
816
305
606
617
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 725
278 904
12 931
0
298 133
6 217
352
194 392
11 447
34
201 065
57 922
3 911
310 479
150 175
tonnes
tonnes
78 433
2 125
117 639
4 282
32 485
885
74 483
3 569
126 012
2 197
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
158 572
14 089 233
10 188
109 516
6 399 941
15
78 064
5 154 853
16 347
41 054
7 580 839
144 797
303 741
8 239 446
294 637
tonnes
tonnes
127
1 579
959
1 090
65
353
144
1 733
67
2 062
Notes
(1) Netherlands is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Chloride produced from solution mining
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Metal
79
Netherlands
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Copper
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc (b)
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought (c)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
80
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
43 620
229 090
5 680
27 105
241 332
6 693
29 260
143 329
2 413
20 175
283 847
2 379
34 435
315 437
3 057
£1 000 000
£6 214 000
£1 891 000
£82 000
348
456
27 213
£442 000
£7 567 000
£2 156 000
£45 000
301
555
12 665
£494 000
£3 780 000
£1 415 000
£196 000
1 365
1 355
11 333
£371 000
£3 132 000
£2 179 000
£51 000
359
105
14 023
£1 799 000
£16 418 000
£1 282 000
£57 000
633
112
28 870
22 468
4 433
4 308
37 439
45 456
1 378
15 515
1 222
1 974
34 851
57 680
2 967
50 559
112 629
10 651
49 394
17 744
517 872
2 710 120
37 991
15 228
773 705
(a) 85 698
* 39 600
5 550
386 170
(a) 239 932
15 773
1 656
124 797
121 426
42 080
2 714
152 295
208 469
134 324
94 048
25
42 958
21 432
5 579
42 331
1 439
106 764
3 706
2 010
7 263
7 719
15 237
1 111 462
4 500 919
416 108
170 468
103 036
15
65 203
17 571
3 150
5 086
1 736
71 762
3 046
1 168
2 274
22 603
15 547
806 999
4 523 660
72 264
89 714
62 439
* 300
33 193
37 593
1 894
3 564
925
87 348
2 730
476
926
* 33 000
46 466
157 861
* 2 835 000
33 563
111 189
170 489
448
35 353
66 085
6 462
6 264
1 175
219 244
10 510
727
1 909
50 903
69 896
849 018
5 541 773
33 923
133 861
242 310
14 816
66 053
62 737
6 544
7 514
2 070
238 469
13 620
1 155
2 343
16 535
65 055
1 553 519
5 692 223
24 652
2 897
14 824
21 822
55 980
7 725
12 278
74 725
11 061
13 807
63 921
12 971
35 168
94 100
16 989
30 486
331
318
511
299
205
227
116
160
365
300
582
128 060
494
344 675
180
160 337
423
139 516
744
402 976
8 223
19 767
196 039
6 842
19 103
19 144
192 605
1 341
28 701
15 642
419 480
3 214
21 806
38 159
195 272
1 687
29 097
44 310
72 020
2 396
26 613
409
3 059
16 284
282
4 253
4 408
46
1 805
17 126
249
6 429
19 765
492
6 434
* 6 500
4 456
80
207 858
106 235
* 2 400
4 614
117
328 795
120 214
* 2 900
1 711
105
184 860
11 807
* 1 800
1 956
165
340 357
138 239
* 2 400
1 793
49 681
81 621
166 704
Netherlands
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Vanadium
Pentoxide
tonnes
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
£8 190 000
£3 766 000
25 850
£18 207 000
£10 385 000
352 175
£59 804 000
£10 383 000
* 163 160
£14 634 000
£7 953 000
1 877
£9 386 000
£7 261 000
220
7 918
170 921
1 162
1 424
147 436
1 341
4 431
133 012
2 680
7 854
174 453
15 619
45 711
22 746
45 766
64
77
4
4 055 898
202
131
19
3 878 601
* 135
* 150
44
* 3 412 200
86
177
49
3 456 740
70
327
18
2 631 255
...
144 024
18 000
208 300
...
196 180
1 458
216 182
6 944
624 589
102 300
460 352
199 896
132 802
850 183
186 688
10 039
36 898
147 544
56 610
480 968
173 042
101 114
469 819
147 492
2
2
4
22
42
8 061
293
545
2 566
948
157
1 536
558
547
4 043
856
544
3 619
357
465
449
2 182
64 544
1 341
1 551
15 544
13 664
895
36 179
101 840
4 117
31 385
69 170
9 548
11 305
181
391
29
582
25
133
104
406
0
255
157
45
102
122
186
13 939
243 354
31 276
67 010
0
244 789
23 932
19 815
425
133 994
22 041
* 11 900
12 182
166 281
42 182
32 543
132 344
122 532
52 382
25 629
14 539
43
8 223
19
4 639
0
11 091
26
13 351
61
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(c) Including alloys
81
Netherlands
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine (a)
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
82
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
26 662 441
26 922 364
* 25 007 000
26 065 573
28 239 777
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
108 088
706 255
190 351
713 441
358 930
204 117
182 711
689 724
178 940
248 386
479 786
210 203
68 038
153 891
52 798
134 950
284 410
88 053
113 499
692 413
167 596
384 724
462 371
184 066
113 653
955 665
246 013
424 915
537 289
241 081
tonnes
tonnes
699
3 783
234
51 439
150
2 257
314
57 454
208
26 729
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
19
148 808
305 364
8
122 039
314 298
* 45
43 928
* 190 000
2
161 343
237 683
19
148 240
289 615
tonnes
kilograms
127
4 403
120
7 661
42
63 310
259
321 599
192
114 504
tonnes
437
186
50
102
1
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
228 817
2 072 034
722 635
380 281
1 705 144
993 318
511 560
904 788
842 190
636 694
1 123 936
1 136 163
424 274
1 580 140
1 475 035
tonnes
tonnes
125 778
2 222
145 698
3 897
18 702
2 157
88 788
6 642
135 776
5 773
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
62 577
24 622 621
29 517
68 765
79 784
17 843 689
5 265
53 432
8 005
14 084 993
29 239
53 030
44 958
18 783 491
21 933
132 281
225 184
18 008 920
15 824
429 514
tonnes
tonnes
1 270
489
1 124
244
* 491
54
962
118
1 023
596
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
117 259
18 130
151 515
3 379
116 503
26
35 077
2 440
—
2 678
33 771
1 329
144 426
7 194
26 982
2 101
204 327
5 502
41 659
2 111
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£299 000
£320 000
£13 943 000
£859 000
1 089 105
7 214
8 529
48 089
£803 000
£1 071 000
£17 750 000
£1 088 000
791 805
6 275
12 633
13 860
£551 000
£95 000
£10 757 000
£613 000
426 830
3 794
8 849
13 014
£80 000
£47 000
£15 248 000
£624 000
290 475
4 641
15 721
14 295
£192 000
£38 000
£35 316 000
£1 393 000
2 074 815
6 034
9 071
23 603
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
21 706
19 174
13 463
41 012
2 422
42 612
42 806
111
2 487
37 888
110 465
16 692
38 349
188 490
14 266
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
402 915
430 550
1 870
12 693 210
285 990
415 623
800 817
10 831 769
249 206
418 481
23 376
(b) 4 585 303
203 179
368 523
16 031
(b) 8 810 077
307 971
611 145
1 352 421
(b) 8 921 399
Netherlands
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Oxides (c)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (c)
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
158 199
244 874
325 741
674
105 789
81 034
11 826
16 878
465
160 792
10 730
1 186
4 132
12 829
68 719
269 481
1 669 159
612 720
292 867
253 882
275 995
1
96 135
70 108
8 566
17 602
2 074
114 290
6 781
1 572
2 042
30 407
57 446
283 834
1 842 597
352 122
122 185
109 768
40 931
1 394
39 045
29 335
2 868
4 274
949
79 461
1 860
554
519
6 951
41 740
110 561
* 1 135 000
68 072
98 575
378 111
93 919
2 838
86 504
57 967
4 643
19 378
920
178 138
11 922
1 168
2 014
11 263
82 599
536 157
1 988 278
150 929
213 530
402 025
123 284
525
89 805
80 905
7 753
25 849
1 354
152 194
13 484
1 298
1 890
17 558
75 664
1 335 875
2 188 452
150 310
22 303
22 419
22 006
5 307
9 373
11 325
1 935
7 195
13 593
1 558
8 717
21 255
8 083
8 496
16 886
428
1 459
537
729
228
316
290
431
494
527
1 390
437 684
3 609
314 860
3 259
80 478
459
345 154
3 115
458 372
11 749
31 236
674 888
10 664
35 573
293 481
9 398
19 083
* 101 000
23 045
50 866
30 636
33 555
35 618
213 259
400
9 933
751
2 618
523
3 490
191
21 756
419
20 744
30 403
1 060
1 341
36 305
572
859
9 555
84
230
35 335
274
594
40 562
261
865
15
14 008
...
204
* 20
57 027 374
* 10 072 000
847 776
11
12 647
...
1 227
* 30
58 484 561
* 17 228 000
1 108 711
* 220
4 666
...
227
* 70
35 086 584
* 9 512 000
192 355
5 940
21 724
...
638
* 50
60 408 191
* 11 044 000
779 354
9 544
4 607
230 179
3 548
* 70
55 108 848
* 12 153 000
779 537
£22 785 000
£7 722 000
12
£89 137 000
£8 219 000
40
£78 613 000
£11 659 000
111
£25 740 000
£13 014 000
260 515
£73 911 000
£54 486 000
411 332
21 211
314 011
6 691
17 393
307 612
3 899
28 984
204 377
3 466
21 982
430 138
1 542
56 536
756 966
26 231
100
473
3 868
3
193 457
261
278
2 766
4
167 508
* 200
71
* 1 100
6
* 253 000
48
88
568
2
1 404 032
18
223
173
1
2 397 781
14 845
34 946
3 400
18 557
2 425
21 064
3 576
51 745
13 342
64 162
83
Netherlands
Imports continued
Commodity
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
kilograms
229 637
265 925
218 279
304 219
338 239
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
80
38 189
225 720
145 627
55 173
207 922
2 119
11 430
94 407
48
49 399
178 312
1 593
229 496
199 302
tonnes
8
10
4
6
9
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 858
1 972
607
11 003
2 540
503
7 071
504
380
13 967
665
606
11 303
505
524
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
103 580
4 295
41 221
87 769
1 073
37 101
* 100 000
1 224
40 914
238 199
5 330
43 542
196 960
6 094
52 165
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
875
284
36
457
329
94
(c)* 900
71
42
(c)* 1 200
206
18
(c)* 3 100
209
15
tonnes
316
227
27
204
888
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
359 520
182 072
38 602
13 633
430 617
155 003
24 062
6 270
320 568
104 253
15 791
8 274
391 050
254 953
19 827
12 653
355 644
227 277
13 356
9 283
tonnes
tonnes
20 462
199
24 694
240
11 027
* 70
23 981
188
43 560
297
Notes
(a) May include some fluorine
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
84
Norway
Norway
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Cadmium
tonnes
Cement
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Bituminous (a)
tonnes
Cobalt metal
tonnes
Copper, refined
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Graphite
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Nepheline syenite
tonnes
Nickel, smelter/refinery
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (b)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (c)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Talc
tonnes
Titanium
Ilmenite
tonnes
Slab zinc
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
14 855 000
51 533 000
1 362 000
269
14 817 000
52 338 000
1 368 000
178
13 047 000
51 378 000
1 090 000
249
13 011 000
54 134 000
1 400 000
300
13 215 000
63 855 000
1 982 000
309
1 700 000
* 1 700 000
* 1 700 000
* 1 700 000
* 1 700 000
3 223 000
3 939
34 200
34 200
65 000
3 000
630 000
* 100 000
708 000
3 429 000
3 719
37 000
37 000
62 000
4 100
746 000
* 100 000
560 000
2 437 000
3 510
33 900
33 900
48 000
4 562
896 000
* 100 000
595 000
1 685 000
3 208
36 200
36 200
56 000
6 270
3 266 000
* 100 000
520 000
1 640 000
3 067
36 000
36 000
25 271
7 789
2 532 100
* 100 000
620 000
* 130 000
293 699
170 024
* 62 000
* 140 000
312 000
87 600
378
125 763 000
89 700
* 130 000
273 485
185 344
* 60 000
* 155 000
346 000
88 700
377
121 101 700
99 200
* 130 000
* 250 000
233 974
* 60 000
* 150 000
270 000
88 577
336
115 000 000
103 500
* 130 000
* 250 000
* 235 000
* 60 000
* 150 000
327 000
92 185
348
105 042 000
107 250
* 130 000
* 250 000
170 102
* 60 000
* 150 000
330 000
92 000
339
100 289 000
101 376
* 95 000
18 000
* 34 000
* 95 000
28 000
* 30 000
* 90 000
25 000
23 350
* 96 000
22 000
6 392
* 96 000
19 000
8 191
882 000
157 027
915 000
145 469
671 000
138 973
864 000
148 862
870 000
153 200
Notes
(1) Norway is also believed to produce gold
(a) Spitzbergen: not including production from mines controlled by Russia
(b) From metal sulphide processing
(c) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers (a)
Portland cement (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
16 183 927
16 683 638
13 843 722
16 877 617
20 858 955
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
113 285
1 496 556
41 296
13 425
254
105 729
1 484 854
41 476
5 608
157
106 593
1 249 830
80 729
4 069
294
74 941
1 420 662
77 216
12 071
3 726
58 478
1 370 411
88 312
8 008
318
tonnes
11
1
—
25
—
tonnes
205
259
211
329
317
tonnes
tonnes
* 117 000
* 236 000
* 118 000
* 152 000
* 104 000
* 14 200
* 150 000
* 144 000
* 251 000
* 94 000
85
Norway
Exports continued
Commodity
Chromium
Metal
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron (a)
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese (a)
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Scrap
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mica
Nickel
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Chloride
Rare earths
Metals
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tin
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals (a)
Metal
Oxides (a)
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
96
128
85
97
78
tonnes
4 030
3 731
3 550
3 325
3 064
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
34 007
24 066
1 161
566
66 484
36 734
22 561
756
770
58 211
32 927
25 339
570
6
47 711
35 975
37 829
546
1
55 637
35 953
45 889
596
—
30 617
kilograms
kilograms
2 601
426
3 847
600
3 865
1 197
4 567
1 482
7 439
1 904
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
51 212
7 200
739 731
69 976
—
615 296
68 140
250
775 828
36 298
—
1 803 242
85 598
13 250
2 435 415
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 119 800
(a)* 100
* 329 400
280 028
155 198
61 606
144 607
176 755
290 644
* 110 100
(a)* 80
* 354 000
257 804
209 669
57 777
155 385
62 625
269 370
* 75 000
—
* 203 000
200 279
115 682
16 247
109 254
106 505
228 138
* 118 000
(a)* 30
* 332 000
245 095
214 643
2 479
162 649
64 474
337 675
* 110 000
(a)* 65
* 379 000
246 808
246 711
47
154 191
92 475
289 943
tonnes
974
695
504
1 800
1 444
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
56 939
2 373
2 168
10 266
1 363
2 640
9 214
59
1 835
10 709
112
2 078
2 600
462
2 144
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 185
5 379
88 628
99 245 180
63 999 250
394
8 093
88 940
91 299 591
71 394 708
274
2 464
88 080
87 982 743
74 357 298
1 042
4 818
91 813
77 765 696
75 626 277
582
7 598
92 705
1 669 526
74 356 856
kilograms
kilograms
14 611
66 193
15 393
5 119
12 341
35 829
9 714
157 937
11 951
36 399
tonnes
1 285
—
—
...
...
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
1
4 178
1
21
4 833
105
21
14 998
—
30
12 609
19
23
5 775
kilograms
45 461
59 381
58 979
57 617
62 849
tonnes
tonnes
3 325
33 032
—
27 371
—
23 461
1
728
—
2 204
tonnes
189
119
12
39
30
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
* 435 000
117
* 199 000
* 435 000
339
* 217 000
* 350 000
227
* 207 000
* 465 000
231
* 35 000
* 441 000
343
* 35 000
tonnes
tonnes
130 570
13 899
130 397
9 227
128 416
6 107
122 649
19 889
119 770
29 094
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
86
Norway
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Coal
Anthracite (b)
Other coal (a) (b)
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mica
Unmanufactured
Ground
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought (c)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
72 906
80 161
66 884
82 706
98 721
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 446
2 535 547
48 560
435 126
73 058
32 024
10 232
2 753 105
50 401
381 638
58 995
37 386
15 444
2 069 424
45 252
240 409
95 120
26 598
8 645
2 144 519
35 379
512 340
68 086
38 039
459
2 185 976
53 224
450 432
27 867
42 078
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
70
337
127 181
14 399
44
371
121 259
14 783
1
200
146 535
12 612
1
264
149 510
14 506
17
193
139 620
12 668
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 895
441 619
19 062
36 704
361 216
22 317
6 904
237 896
20 474
7 070
353 102
21 621
170
409 018
25 809
tonnes
tonnes
* 20
253
* 600
128
* 400
74
* 60
90
* 490
437
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
76 744
* 527 000
706
81 955
* 538 000
24 406
54 199
* 367 000
1 074
78 387
* 205 000
1 160
79 140
* 230 000
733
tonnes
tonnes
3 871
...
3 131
...
3 012
155
2 132
—
684
0
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 650
13 486
1 645
12 930
3 133
11 189
1 891
17 367
1 627
9 727
931
13 781
4 609
9 891
842
16 413
909
12 856
808
18 228
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
1 448
1 455
980
1 146
3 940
561
670
3 568
508
969
4 127
400
1 220
5 415
129
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
128 045
328 003
1 785 526
179 727
121 440
298 394
1 668 339
151 503
76 435
234 564
1 270 662
134 167
84 359
270 721
1 708 338
148 809
94 824
275 909
1 663 657
127 127
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 335
1 303
10 639
1 034
43 350
3 681
39 961
195 928
267 085
208 709
11 198
929
7 448
1 960
13 502
2 471
40 878
167 309
96 427
253 361
10 639
1 162
6 608
1 186
9 097
926
29 810
59 344
91 114
190 562
1 498
1 311
5 303
548
10 615
1 665
49 349
4 733
108 802
225 576
10 709
1 534
5 254
0
9 595
2 090
53 897
5 411
138 814
149 002
tonnes
7 055
6 473
5 026
6 449
7 713
tonnes
4 298
5 989
4 904
10 987
8 714
tonnes
tonnes
1 083 361
2 953
1 232 799
2 595
525 674
1 297
1 121 716
1 974
1 085 383
2 697
tonnes
tonnes
912
337
1 174
1 243
1 021
1 140
1 224
1 179
1 573
294
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
165 628
215
1 446 918
118 063
178 502
201
828 709
442
153 437
199
1 225 514
231
170 365
235
1 508 241
4 393
199 173
246
1 238 531
1 005
87
Norway
Imports continued
Commodity
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (c)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
673 331
682 369
403 098
9 638
6 499
kilograms
kilograms
1 057
846
1 072
1 093
1 005
930
1 425
1 362
1 430
1 160
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
241 918
349 459
659
190 757
349 459
674
123 549
199 385
509
(c)* 99 000
(c)* 377 000
612
(c)* 65 000
(c)* 354 000
287
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
738
2
0
988 001
3 404
341
7
1
1 075 905
2 702
24
9
0
959 630
4 359
148
1
8
1 042 489
3 456
552
13
9
1 106 066
3 208
kilograms
kilograms
* 59 000
62 077
* 200
67 398
* 5 700
47 040
* 1 100
57 422
* 700
49 727
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 224
10 790
13 374
4 690
12 932
8 020
3 102
12 127
6 517
2 897
11 515
8 356
3 051
11 627
8 364
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 600
637
12 121
73 307
937
12 241
29 809
389
8 209
45 018
412
10 115
25 003
723
10 376
tonnes
tonnes
284 791
2 167
243 213
3 286
209 649
1 612
228 828
1 376
250 537
1 013
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Excludes coal imported from Spitzbergen
(c) Including alloys
88
Poland
Poland
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel (a)
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite
tonnes
Cadmium
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Bituminous
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, refined
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold, mine (b)
kilograms
Gypsum (c)
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Kaolin (d)
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms (metal content)
Palladium
kilograms (metal content)
Rhenium
tonnes
Salt
Rock salt
tonnes
Brine salt
tonnes
Other salt
tonnes
Selenium metal
tonnes
Silver, mine
kilograms (metal content)
Sulphur and pyrites
Frasch
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (e)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (f)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Slab zinc
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 139 388 000
46 854 829
43 000
2 000
1 300
421
* 149 312 000
39 465 558
31 000
308
3 000
603
* 141 114 000
52 217 696
—
—
2 800
534
* 157 236 000
58 203 700
—
—
2 000
451
* 176 000 000
83 037 600
—
—
900
526
13 167 950
17 120 000
12 443 103
17 206 735
10 659 214
15 536 984
11 768 000
15 756 000
13 630 000
18 929 000
88 313 369
57 537 727
451 900
532 975
518 303
600
497 900
883
1 581 299
5 804 418
10 630 716
84 345 443
59 668 166
429 687
526 808
492 942
600
599 100
902
1 499 901
4 933 781
9 727 325
78 064 462
57 108 304
439 365
502 462
457 510
670
445 500
814
1 326 928
2 983 500
7 128 482
76 727 800
56 510 100
425 700
547 074
469 656
1 000
513 700
776
1 399 000
3 637 995
7 993 025
76 454 400
62 841 300
426 700
571 000
481 875
600
* 550 000
703
1 500 000
3 974 930
8 776 458
2 093
15 590
58 538
6 255
153 670
61 330
104 200
65 000
720 603
5 653
8 475
25 061
56 031
2 948
165 615
67 070
108 300
60 000
754 907
5 382
1 736
72
9 673
4 190
136 561
62 910
100 400
47 000
686 992
5 537
800
100
53 206
200
250 000
48 050
120 300
63 000
686 487
5 666
...
...
72 668
332
143 000
42 636
133 800
75 000
614 704
5 825
30
20
4
30
20
5
30
20
4
30
20
4
* 30
* 20
*5
591 240
2 930 726
785 694
85
1 199 500
618 111
2 783 198
706 618
82
1 161 000
988 545
2 533 413
763 385
80
1 206 000
1 221 700
2 646 000
763 515
79
1 183 000
1 233 800
2 633 000
547 700
85
1 167 000
833 583
304 000
211 900
129 600
141 900
762 119
294 000
222 800
132 400
142 500
262 769
257 000
214 382
115 500
139 100
517 000
253 000
250 000
92 800
135 000
657 000
310 500
* 171 000
87 800
94 100
Notes
(1) Poland is also believed to produce strontium minerals
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Includes an estimate for small producers
Metal production
Including anhydrite
Washed
From metal sulphide processing
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
89
Poland
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Copper
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diatomite
Feldspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-manganese and ferro-silicomanganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Mercury
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Crude petroleum
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
90
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 378 634
1 237 976
902 193
1 031 013
1 058 307
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
596
78 187
113 649
536
82 242
123 468
833
66 065
102 757
448
103 803
123 503
8 546
111 421
130 472
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
22
19 107
9 400
25
20 384
5 000
65
23 918
5 500
27
21 987
9 800
47
25 050
7 100
tonnes
368
558
590
484
579
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
181 690
313 361
65 822
163 902
314 733
78 349
127 806
405 940
35 305
89 692
415 187
22 984
46 295
358 847
17 523
tonnes
tonnes
147
1 556
66
1 465
107
861
425
7 948
3 604
7 135
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
30 256
11 761 743
—
...
16 173
7 775 799
1 009
71
5 282
8 368 190
68 273
363
41 908
10 323 041
116 682
2 114
43 370
676 364
145 063
15 992
tonnes
5
24
64
8
3
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 187
239 508
64 377
6 397
774
1 849
2 989
296 738
63 779
5 469
277
2 049
1 515
325 395
64 606
2 358
85
1 829
956
332 989
68 686
1 180
111
3 050
1 567
327 585
60 544
1 260
788
3 012
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
300
700
68
105 000
4 800
82
121 100
18 000
80
1 100
588
233
3 000
26
505
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
56 003
1 300
27
58 644
5 100
10 198
40 512
5 100
14 893
47 654
16 400
16 130
121 689
4 000
4 400
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 481
2 350
20 412
5 189
3 838
37 978
10 543
4 448
21 640
17 340
5 293
10 113
21 122
16 519
2 284
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
46 923
2 221
1 575 099
1 199 620
10 401
52 976
2 932
1 580 450
1 368 952
8 936
16 401
2 655
664 035
978 862
11 515
59 845
7 452
490 919
1 334 069
9 781
76 121
8 135
846 908
1 838 699
13 591
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
70 970
34 455
3 120
2 632
69 852
40 017
1 110
1 921
59 790
48 599
1 525
734
35 459
43 945
1 668
1 087
30 132
59 599
1 010
651
tonnes
kilograms
460
61 600
35
17 700
603
46 200
2 875
106 100
41
7 300
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
268
466
558
287 684
...
647
334
759
34 871
1 443
260
172
260
17 227
1 134
416
1 876
38
3
—
749
252
29
186 730
kilograms
kilograms
156
139
7 275
7 399
47 400
1 600
1 100
300
2 400
3 400
Poland
Exports continued
Commodity
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
2 202
9 222
13 279
10 687
10 078
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
15
33
345 335
8
22
361 691
4
—
503 899
7
4
572 595
86
66
515 723
kilograms
1 148 300
1 121 900
1 265 200
1 281 800
1 328 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
555 603
26 376
750
446 202
27 041
829
152 484
29 540
793
402 102
34 752
869
394 861
26 542
744
tonnes
1 520
355
279
408
536
tonnes
tonnes
52
21 776
117
21 509
105
20 937
76
20 996
90
23 401
tonnes
76
143
136
154
179
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
61 595
73 096
1 829
422
58 035
83 571
3 606
430
45 877
84 833
4 699
1 617
4 213
96 142
6 280
902
...
105 552
6 939
960
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
5 566 874
5 868 908
5 349 230
5 014 564
9 022 494
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
71 598
120 768
27 634
105 281
192 930
59 623
59 907
126 143
25 334
71 563
195 072
67 176
49 033
27 626
23 083
67 561
144 983
67 408
48 664
29 920
31 406
125 567
192 393
84 622
45 672
34 691
26 536
125 147
232 859
98 484
tonnes
tonnes
142
1 315
52
1 086
71
1 034
47
1 044
68
1 026
tonnes
24
42
20
42
45
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
10 895
162 424
...
14 334
171 633
35
8 349
122 165
—
11 758
155 173
...
15 723
212 585
tonnes
kilograms
15
14 300
25
10 600
20
6 100
34
17 200
23
11 200
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
65 632
520 330
22 982
127 428
680 447
29 529
35 106
421 822
21 466
111 677
565 893
26 247
35 663
932 507
25 467
tonnes
tonnes
38 543
1 717
36 646
2 137
12 728
679
15 672
103
30 863
4 533
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
449 362
5 442 327
8 946
3 986
553 152
9 531 959
18 057
10 960
310 290
10 362 090
30 307
25 788
583 158
13 127 065
35 973
60 548
582 605
14 090 331
67 550
60 758
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
91
Poland
Imports continued
Commodity
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought (b)
Crude petroleum
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
92
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
69
18
51
30
53
15
52
18
47
114
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
61 319
10 062
18 596
23 880
7 024
4 516
62 443
—
19 269
33 376
6 629
3 012
78 027
—
22 153
40 030
13 838
2 408
38 000
612
24 316
33 717
26 944
2 813
45 484
—
26 201
23 581
11 822
2 939
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£3 689 000
150 918
3 149 550
8 235
237 963
8 682
£4 686 000
237 903
27 584 081
9 504
243 798
8 691
£2 509 000
169 851
263 119 707
9 790
176 717
8 562
£2 128 000
35 260
1 970 015
6 753
243 645
11 013
£3 805 000
16 703
213 097 170
9 365
324 426
12 239
kilograms
tonnes
6 100
5 701
3 800
4 474
100
3 078
200
6 933
1 500
10 267
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
296 289
238 858
18 800
8 746 836
170 571
215 458
24 100
(a) 7 784 529
157 974
82 586
10 600
(a) 3 752 010
129 336
53 613
21 700
6 494 457
134 230
47 261
11 600
5 977 338
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
228 445
10 282
14 113
9 102
42 352
79 942
1 527
1 492
24 846
1 084
13 946
679 404
313 907
122 245
236 682
8 390
13 713
8 194
31 876
47 964
1 554
1 386
20 424
1 017
11 652
584 305
465 978
126 426
156 970
4 677
6 064
5 379
32 935
71 585
711
675
16 132
757
11 839
157 799
596 733
90 183
176 145
7 594
7 785
7 352
30 721
56 882
612
917
21 576
1 365
16 219
119 466
374 076
117 914
228 357
14 597
8 042
8 182
45 192
65 816
547
1 253
18 457
743
17 091
370 144
409 454
143 476
tonnes
tonnes
44 235
1 256
35 465
2 467
29 861
2 293
46 810
7 154
52 011
6 673
tonnes
tonnes
245
184
61
162
86
137
86
175
114
177
tonnes
tonnes
1 536
109 810
216
109 646
2 658
81 304
3 966
113 757
1 375
137 148
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
32 984
1 167
15 700
1 118
54 087
716
13 300
880
1 930
507
10 900
1 134
4 345
1 514
4 300
1 150
4 509
436
39 900
2 019
tonnes
616
843
281
889
1 292
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
38
4 897
2 344
20 778 118
1 689 120
...
3 683
3 398
20 949 949
1 448 780
1 468
2 122
1 353
19 959 321
458 923
1 223
341
3 350
22 009 801
1 299 106
7
603
2 722
22 870 416
1 434 124
kilograms
16 400
16 900
31 300
5 100
2 700
Poland
Imports continued
Commodity
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Concentrates
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
20 242
992 979
4 659
19 161
815 282
7 143
10 919
194 900
3 470
19 155
757 987
4 442
23 281
769 256
10 317
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1
85
63
313 297
—
148
58
356 929
2
43
16
483 243
5
134
48
886 294
0
101
32
1 052 650
tonnes
tonnes
23 321
4 956
16 975
3 728
7 852
1 040
17 956
2 109
13 791
2 817
kilograms
77 000
95 200
122 900
106 700
78 600
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 582
74 805
10
23 122
5 768
104 300
105
28 186
813
35 350
978
18 325
1 866
44 939
164
23 331
1 255
53 828
387
26 212
tonnes
3
52
1
3
1
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
77
1 838
1 931
...
1 857
1 038
220
1 102
1 664
98
1 317
1 605
...
1 579
2 790
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
100 002
2 122
45 984
91 208
451
41 019
84 396
264
42 031
105 384
616
46 110
99 055
2 020
54 770
tonnes
108
103
87
124
96
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
127 720
31 838
13 660
4 445
150 283
26 811
11 906
6 378
130 258
18 498
8 922
3 907
115 561
53 983
7 610
7 188
97 225
49 569
10 045
10 421
tonnes
542
833
340
648
488
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
93
Portugal
Portugal
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
White arsenic
Barytes
Cement
Cement, clinker (a)
Cement, finished (a)
Copper, mine
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude steel
Kaolin
Lead, refined
Lithium
Lepidolite
Salt
Rock salt
Sea salt
Silver, mine
Talc
Tin, mine
Tungsten, mine (b)
Zinc, mine
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 664 828
60 556 329
* 15
25
10 182 146
58 283 117
* 15
171
9 190 603
55 263 772
* 15
1 078
7 500 000
49 191 754
* 15
15
* 7 000 000
* 46 000 000
* 15
—
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 513 487
9 178 735
90 182
378 521
418 035
1 847 000
183 598
5 000
1 760 510
8 365 242
89 026
230 427
372 731
1 630 000
217 434
5 000
1 749 406
7 031 438
86 462
210 266
335 189
1 587 000
274 925
4 000
1 102 976
3 855 312
74 011
169 722
336 755
1 351 000
273 890
4 000
1 948 137
6 507 016
82 200
179 600
337 272
1 351 000
322 041
4 000
tonnes
34 755
34 888
37 359
40 109
37 534
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
590 588
64 048
26 514
12 367
41
846
24 380
606 545
69 249
26 273
11 657
29
981
37 900
594 578
72 325
20 483
11 567
34
823
501
618 961
44 574
20 561
11 981
22
799
6 422
631 295
48 048
25 545
15 462
39
818
4 227
Notes
(1) Portugal is also believed to produce sulphur
(2) Portugal is a small producer of tantalum-bearing tin slags but no detailed information is available
(a) Sales
(b) Wolframite and scheelite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
94
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
120 914
44 174
101 421
67 505
120 946
tonnes
tonnes
130 636
41 603
127 150
40 020
90 869
32 481
102 856
51 888
59 056
45 775
tonnes
tonnes
267
1 718
60
1 608
119
691
138
1 175
70
1 356
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 263 190
1 481 219
58 931
1 448 397
1 102 589
11 139
1 553 992
758 854
15 231
1 888 362
996 778
10 440
916 431
1 345 607
8 111
tonnes
10 557
9 382
4 409
7 136
7 405
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
399 589
227
24 566
375 755
600
22 184
371 881
2 098
20 213
305 485
1 887
24 491
327 096
9 969
36 151
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
£105 000
10 000
943
4 048
£55 000
—
554
873
£52 000
10 000
473
1 290
£550
92 107
7 545
2 190
£61 000
788 459
7 299
3 197
Portugal
Exports continued
Commodity
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Scrap
Titanium
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
kilograms
kilograms
200
1 100
...
36 100
—
800
6 600
800
13 100
100
tonnes
8 362
22 707
12 394
20 016
47 278
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 196
206
138 692
378 043
70 580
1
546
164 425
172 133
47 562
51
255
136 284
216 037
51 014
18 502
1 746
172 983
303 013
31 390
21 606
2 392
119 353
239 842
102 721
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 092
9 961
—
4 950
3 105
890 688
6 647
2 222
254 997
8 785
1 710
389 309
8 050
1 855
875
kilograms
33 500
...
—
...
15 100
tonnes
tonnes
80
25 341
240
13 412
402
15 662
612
31 022
895
31 304
kilograms
kilograms
4 000
218
13 500
7 876
11 500
580
12 300
3 400
16 300
10 600
tonnes
tonnes
15 410
4 243
7 539
3 841
5 737
2 699
6 164
4 316
9 737
2 526
tonnes
63
48
49
98
81
tonnes
tonnes
173
25
—
147
250
9
—
43
31
82
tonnes
1 064
1 189
1 166
1 091
3 422
tonnes
tonnes
1 466
16
1 705
17
1 407
20
1 289
6
1 324
131
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
40 950
242
3 345
75 414
1 307
2 910
371
849
1 646
7 438
151
940
2 201
734
755
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
731 709
194 088
175 576
224 514
255 625
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 325
16 859
214 990
3 994
9 750
17 732
214 614
2 409
13 742
15 200
149 759
15 819
14 862
20 152
170 057
10 183
8 762
18 744
113 150
5 305
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
172
1 934
18 480
161
3 806
20 304
146
3 744
12 788
240
4 448
18 205
184
2 509
23 436
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
331 025
45 012
11 966
196 929
22 862
8 842
24 156
150 065
11 072
24 143
186 170
11 771
3 238
134 000
5 043
tonnes
3 339
5 369
2 361
2 108
2 727
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
95
Portugal
Imports continued
Commodity
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
Tin
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
96
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
44 447
4 733 158
48 793
3 721 513
28 472
4 922 698
21 454
2 648 704
30 860
3 592 502
tonnes
tonnes
5 309
8 503
5 534
10 229
8 480
7 550
9 661
8 819
9 103
7 973
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£3 435 000
£427 000
8 473 445
1 731
108 150
2 423
£3 949 000
£296 000
5 891 661
1 372
85 400
1 828
£1 756 000
£246 000
5 514 973
1 127
72 275
2 243
£2 039 000
£111 000
10 117 653
2 284
63 675
636
£3 732 000
£122 000
16 401 864
2 340
49 902
794
kilograms
tonnes
2 003
2 210
1 535
1 493
1 077
73
1 500
66
1 200
62
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
75 794
320 174
900
89 627
298 708
100
81 971
244 809
8 000
73 822
270 783
8 700
40 153
237 788
8 600
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 468
1 498
1 050
6 070
1 281
9 835
3 355
187
84 769
1 075 517
154 891
13 824
740
1 093
6 228
908
10 063
3 479
393
26 532
1 128 391
114 041
7 507
38 849
245
4 551
762
9 921
3 707
69
53 089
887 110
73 081
10 623
6 919
810
2 072
856
3 820
2 902
61
28 583
672 856
96 851
4 980
37 376
683
2 990
722
4 836
3 408
91
33 675
616 063
106 955
tonnes
14 704
12 014
6 642
5 593
9 403
tonnes
tonnes
924
7 119
1 521
5 863
697
8 538
1 162
4 504
1 379
5 523
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
51
—
284
765
7 500
125
13
25 100
139
68
152 900
284
56
125 400
288
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(a) 450
12 386 104
3 758 075
114 826
524
12 050 226
4 188 706
90 667
316
10 193 366
3 770 943
44 189
312
11 251 958
3 849 819
93 348
221
10 152 747
3 543 064
91 703
kilograms
57
308
146
796
100
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 223
51 600
1 629
1 869
38 200
1 708
1 574
25 525
5 389
3 840
50 687
1 899
4 405
65 352
2 596
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
18
97
169 480
0
15
7
94 501
...
11
2
108 161
1
7
5
172 107
87
8
18
144 688
kilograms
30 616
22 678
18 602
66 900
38 700
tonnes
tonnes
3 233
36 089
2 852
26 774
3 366
18 537
4 861
24 143
3 981
22 388
tonnes
69
83
22
41
44
tonnes
tonnes
577
419
487
130
308
103
317
100
560
19
Portugal
Imports continued
Commodity
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
412
19 545
263
18 800
358
18 456
714
20 486
807
19 813
tonnes
tonnes
122
119
251
169
193
46
277
110
206
106
tonnes
tonnes
16 367
5 054
19 551
4 617
12 830
4 018
15 757
4 522
13 299
3 967
tonnes
7 205
8 162
5 620
5 475
4 048
Note
(a) Including alloys
97
Romania
Romania
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Bentonite
tonnes
Bismuth, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Brown coal
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, refined
tonnes
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold, mine
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Manganese
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver, mine
kilograms (metal content)
Talc
tonnes
Uranium, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Slab zinc
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
26 276 857
5 905 842
22 830
283 449
16 911
* 40
31 377 110
4 635 010
344
288 156
16 638
* 40
23 199 337
4 718 854
44 000
228 630
13 756
* 40
22 085 231
3 774 309
414 000
241 000
21 637
* 40
25 424 330
6 269 228
484 000
261 000
19 864
* 40
222 699
9 844 706
111 719
10 461 456
—
7 902 328
—
7 008 422
33 363
7 646 612
35 671 000
97 000
2 213
18 589
2 057
41 477
* 500
—
1 004 150
8 157
3 923 244
6 269 486
34 529 000
205 000
308
15 300
—
22 995
500
—
832 248
—
2 957 715
5 035 164
28 460 152
63 458
3 129
4 600
—
14 317
* 500
24 352
720 713
—
1 576 679
2 772 679
28 774 244
62 448
5 127
—
—
6 049
* 500
6 633
639 010
—
1 723 418
3 720 775
33 779 130
46 071
6 355
—
—
3 814
* 500
...
* 660 000
—
1 595 000
3 835 000
—
26 868
7 576
784
39 369
49 350
4 837 000
11 981
2 475 349
* 18 000
1 513
* 77
849
58 342
6 179
9 979
3 060
—
39 596
43 590
4 528 000
11 520
2 526 774
* 18 000
1 843
* 77
14
61 978
15 377
—
651
* 3 000
8 687
20 304
4 388 940
11 273
2 072 744
* 18 000
570
* 75
* 3 000
1 000
14 353
20 605
326
* 3 000
11 263
13 120
4 172 411
11 138
2 388 357
* 18 000
296
* 77
* 5 000
—
* 10 000
* 30 000
—
* 3 000
6 854
3 180
4 081 979
11 164
2 248 940
* 18 000
131
* 77
* 5 000
—
Note
(1) Romania is also believed to produce asbestos, mica, molybdenum and sulphur
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Coal
Hard coal
98
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
111 803
60 190
160 241
360 161
255 970
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 191
23 193
9 080
14 332
...
0
61 638
6 690
16 021
...
99
50 496
5 898
20 775
1 812
25 559
10 312
51 556
17 733
258
38 406
14 004
70 697
12 801
2 009
tonnes
tonnes
243 116
134 044
111 719
7 449
182
17 869
265
20 039
24 810
278 795
tonnes
(a) 67 304
(a) 5 331
(a) 19 771
(a) 73 002
35 712
Romania
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Nickel
Scrap
Salt
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Titanium
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
23 689
11 569
35 856
25 102
33 391
8 494
39 733
16 438
6 711
4 502
42 148
8 375
31 582
956
49 248
1
39 704
186
54 536
283
tonnes
13 507
13 069
17 966
17 672
15 576
tonnes
tonnes
21
24 068
42 606
15 567
172 372
12 694
1 718
1 359
2 728
1 690
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 832
8
222
33 529
418
396
136
183 551
1 963 213
18 697
161
701
5 793
123
444
197
220 136
1 985 977
18 807
3 543
1 801
8 120
72
727
130
51 644
2 565 443
24 454
14 234
45
19 087
53
24
223
196 302
2 519 237
29 320
10 996
26
34 387
66
0
101
267 543
2 348 565
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 501
23 289
4 659
17 396
22 752
2 997
15 759
9 049
2 526
9 096
10 573
5 659
5 952
18 722
6 846
tonnes
351
440
381
460
212
tonnes
3 024
6 666
—
—
—
tonnes
tonnes
90
506 641
1 397
486 040
1 089
372 501
816
790 530
561
712 657
tonnes
tonnes
0
45 579
994
59 030
6 315
49 052
8
55 961
5
58 437
tonnes
63
51
66
68
128
tonnes
650
2 469
541
960
550
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 043
48 339
1 348
503
59 395
442
24 528
8 004
1 615
15 375
657
711
17 592
776
597
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
352 576
351 123
205 133
248 484
370 249
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
75 934
482 375
16 927
10 191
3 833
45 527
487 304
17 822
16 416
598
104 404
353 846
7 996
17 383
3 838
1 277 587
1 928
10 412
33 874
83 381
1 271 274
15 037
5 768
27 311
62 768
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
68
190
14 040
5 253
152 319
30
153
25 475
6 014
267 073
36
87
8 351
3 859
285 593
61
88
8 501
4 825
230 850
43
120
15 598
6 341
230 850
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite
Bromine (b)
99
Romania
Imports continued
Commodity
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Nickel
Unwrought (c)
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal (d)
100
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
500 794
142 476
12 072
486 462
538 259
32 765
23 613
296 687
15 779
75 812
307 977
22 004
144 547
239 373
21 297
tonnes
tonnes
1 856
78
77 546
64
705
39
7 054
16
1 637
105
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
68 924
4 421 709
575 514
237 051
110 484
3 008 391
121 227
148 890
56 296
937 077
62 469
102 372
72 776
936 727
718
96 428
148 260
840 669
1 706
197
tonnes
29
6
37
41
79
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
25 093
1 710
3 254
48 999
4 738
542
22 116
4 197
3 798
49 160
2 526
304
10 926
437
2 477
37 639
1 481
144
2 282
2 443
2 269
36 924
2 911
1 499
2 915
3 218
2 459
45 421
3 817
742
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
66 231
77 900
2 636
90 194
100 471
1 395
45 891
62 134
330
40 703
47 912
300
63 658
50 866
500
tonnes
tonnes
6 259 705
2 824
5 003 811
17 770
1 597 033
11 572
2 848 921
29 544
2 186 674
35 551
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
53 779
2 446
2 838
34 126
37 558
21 156
3 191
1 192
922 499
15 771
51 347
37 889
3 203
3 423
28 773
17 919
13 190
2 412
3 155
757 551
17 886
48 422
61 027
1 518
984
9 063
11 461
4 998
1 508
1 104
109 046
4 204
40 326
111 702
2 740
1 500
15 530
19 151
9 859
2 210
3 098
458 742
5 501
51 754
48 365
22 355
2 856
18 136
24 215
9 602
2 699
3 205
771 167
8 416
56 871
tonnes
tonnes
17 064
835
27 055
872
5 889
9 245
7 052
11 834
9 420
16 789
tonnes
19 666
13 003
7 427
10 389
13 391
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
79
3 030
80 054
478
16 432
646
2 325
488
16
527
415
441
87 880
220
18 149
785
66 285
588
19 500
1 077
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
528
8 533 821
8 877 219
193 276
338
8 419 364
7 757 273
225 581
288
6 893 956
1 451 767
103 500
456
5 821 640
* 2 000 000
233 377
224
5 451 662
3 283 138
254 061
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 086
50 558
1 058
5 133
68 877
338
19 592
5 119
374
13 726
56 922
425
6 936
46 842
683
tonnes
tonnes
9
111 681
6
92 815
5
82 569
5
81 441
1
114 500
kilograms
* 7 700
* 9 400
* 8 800
* 27 500
* 8 100
Romania
Imports continued
Commodity
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (c)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (c)
Zirconium
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3
1 959
2
2 006
1 072
2 390
180
1 971
1
1 884
1 254
1 105
1
2 561
2 062
2 099
51
2 965
2 074
2 248
tonnes
137
127
114
85
125
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 093
612
11 132
2 171
453
9 127
1 513
707
7 151
2 095
771
8 733
5 393
541
10 571
tonnes
59
1 122
22
79
50
tonnes
tonnes
173 536
13 135
161 527
7 394
12
10 523
3
16 664
—
17 006
tonnes
16
136
301
35
41
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) May include some fluorine
(c) Including alloys
(d) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
101
Serbia
Serbia
Production
Commodity
Coal
Bituminous
Lignite
Brown coal
Copper, mine
Copper, refined
Copper, smelter
Feldspar
Gold, mine (c)
Kaolin
Lead, mine
Lead, refined
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Pig iron
Crude steel
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Salt
Silver, mine (d)
Zinc, mine
Slab zinc
Units
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
kilograms (metal content)
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
58 000
66 000
36 803 000 (a)(b) 31 332 000
204 000
...
16 500
17 600
31 600
33 800
30 200
31 900
* 250
* 200
500
* 712
97 432
398 917
1 600
1 600
1 300
—
1 000
—
1 485 000
1 582 000
1 478 000
1 662 000
639 089
636 383
274
282
69 000
(b) 38 070 579
209 660
19 400
27 400
27 000
149
818
163 616
1 800
—
—
964 607
1 054 336
663 005
279
108 000
(b) 37 562 840
193 492
22 500
22 200
20 000
253
856
76 197
1 800
—
—
1 158 628
1 254 386
865 499
423
134 000
(b) 40 467 132
349 861
25 800
25 300
28 200
171
1 534
90 472
2 100
—
—
1 197 693
1 304 954
1 020 490
448
2
15
30 023
2 300
1 200
2 000
—
70
30 115
2 300
2 400
—
12
38
28 782
4 424
2 700
—
—
22
30 816
4 384
2 600
—
*—
25
23 334
7 380
3 100
—
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
154 979
323 034
334 517
127 309
497 637
tonnes
tonnes
7 008
1 267
13 213
11 342
7 387
10 972
17 602
13 574
15 353
22 248
tonnes
tonnes
...
5 048
15
5 066
62
5 107
1
4 823
306
11 903
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
357 633
83 126
3 060
385 154
138 375
2 560
66 309
76 539
125
...
156 477
33
...
115 432
28
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 867
15 707
339 764
23
3 102
4 068
217 029
5 333
3 784
14 530
120 553
630
4 434
3 801
112 009
8 724
2 507
1 116
32 337
573
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 250
333
12 525
7 176
3 448
41
4 421
7 637
1 452
1 928
4 328
7 920
1 666
2 501
10 921
12 286
2 234
1 649
9 544
9 991
kilograms
315
302
3 278
93
78
Notes
(1) Serbia is also believed to produce sulphur
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Including brown coal
Excluding production in Kosovo
Metal production
Smelter and/or refinery production
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Gold
Metal
102
Serbia
Exports continued
Commodity
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Magnesite and magnesia
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
38
2 230
617
16
40
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
58 744
849
441 098
17 213
81 427
632
345 813
10 251
71 778
46 587
328 763
4 239
70 090
20 547
416 713
1 868
46 629
111 080
357 778
1 282
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 118
7 187
463
11 763
5 683
858
9 133
6 695
561
10 265
5 661
2 179
13 981
7 848
7 355
tonnes
tonnes
856
5 026
245
4 151
163
3 895
690
16 290
3 672
13 362
kilograms
3 315
6 937
3 670
4 355
4 222
tonnes
4 017
4 424
1 451
2 335
3 571
tonnes
tonnes
12 245
272
21 140
63
10 699
330
14 921
120
23 247
67
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
12 978
17 616
12 664
15 910
8 759
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 154
2 134
58 811
18 967
5 311
86
2 701
9 776
2 151
54 765
18 753
5 399
111
3 370
4 773
2 199
36 626
12 913
4 411
0
2 274
10 972
3 036
54 512
13 600
8 404
421
1 683
7 800
2 089
51 717
15 834
6 870
1 494
1 804
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
13 618
860
24 795
62 283
1 124
...
41 744
1 003
1 321
52 582
728
5 309
92 665
784
tonnes
330
519
436
641
725
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 220
308 197
215 602
3 923
10 500
326 808
249 563
6 071
10 752
89 731
276 033
2 181
18 056
156 846
307 250
11 130
16 456
183 713
615 026
8 975
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
50 519
1 341
21 875
16 965
55 655
761
21 875
15 131
33 808
0
20 685
8 424
...
26
37 046
10 139
3 063
2
26 943
11 864
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
182
16 779
12 982
2 093 317
21
18 733
4 494
2 092 208
13 273
11 684
4 030
1 397 755
14 601
9 276
8 137
1 860 593
22 546
9 962
10 876
1 624 795
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Feldspar
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
103
Serbia
Imports continued
Commodity
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Nickel
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Salt
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tin
Unwrought
Titanium
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought
104
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 244
108
1 350
11 635
134
3 307
512
293 912
8 252
43 867
2 235
5 154
1 167
12 329
78
3 086
491
95 726
49 261
65 704
523
122
1 104
8 571
6
2 089
275
205 528
15 178
32 091
2 739
217
1 272
9 524
440
2 418
324
283 255
12 403
50 421
1 257
187
1 796
9 270
2 431
3 285
357
34 875
35 192
38 810
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
2 742
11
...
2 871
...
...
4 493
0
5 978
6 018
1 228
8 127
5 302
2 643
tonnes
4 871
840
585
570
547
tonnes
tonnes
13 584
209
12 981
233
16 833
180
17 003
324
14 366
317
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
184
2 586 011
1 453 564
102 505
174
2 585 294
1 548 551
102 441
116
2 280 658
1 046 465
3 974
143
1 869 881
1 346 955
20 394
107
1 497 415
1 362 390
60 024
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 021
102 223
208 766
317
109 734
152 207
77
10 710
144 711
122
71 906
204 395
248
53 113
274 636
tonnes
tonnes
627
1 606
338
1 733
621
1 236
674
1 616
721
1 270
tonnes
129
83
49
60
72
tonnes
4 504
4 548
3 892
3 888
4 498
tonnes
5 966
8 209
4 178
4 846
5 275
Slovakia
Slovakia
Production
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6 470 725
13 338 000
160 461
400
58 000
149 000
7 517 655
16 345 800
162 995
200
20 000
145 000
6 919 826
15 233 400
149 604
—
30 000
109 000
6 931 873
14 909 400
163 000
—
17 000
153 000
6 020 641
9 855 157
162 840
—
13 000
213 000
...
3 718 410
...
4 157 356
1 822 820
3 011 460
1 607 025
2 887 749
1 823 306
3 219 557
20 000
1 839 000
—
92
151 000
570 000
4 012 000
5 082 000
87 000
2 075 000
10 000
198
152 000
392 000
3 529 000
4 489 000
155 000
2 221 000
13 000
346
131 000
—
3 019 000
3 747 000
176 000
2 026 000
—
534
87 000
—
3 649 000
4 580 000
124 000
1 989 000
—
398
88 000
—
3 346 000
4 236 000
71 587
8 583
74 065
46 000
957 000
20 000
23 000
195
117 000
50
—
59 940
10 844
61 194
44 000
806 500
25 000
21 000
111
109 510
198
—
32 000
4 600
22 250
10 000
477 600
25 000
19 000
114
41 000
201
—
34 960
26 419
38 860
—
650 100
23 000
16 000
106
—
320
7 000
25 023
31 845
23 497
4 000
751 700
23 000
18 000
106
—
330
7 000
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
* 744 000
* 1 388 000
* 768 000
* 598 000
* 615 008
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
61 319
118 286
10 421
9 174
89 517
44 845
129 771
10 109
685
79 936
77 013
110 484
9 441
6 309
65 429
44 989
111 769
10 260
641
32 981
40 011
118 485
14 044
230
85 760
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
30 800
1 346 692
85 987
53 871
1 622 292
144 311
127 016
1 344 258
217 328
69 366
1 396 241
21 660
44 607
1 795 235
10
tonnes
1 116
1 299
424
777
83
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11 889
14 711
28 096
5 515
366 200
59 568
2 927
105 417
7 477
725
5 128
55
6 198
2 552
908
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Asbestos
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Brown coal
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold, mine
kilograms
Gypsum (a)
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Perlite
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
tonnes
Silver, mine
kilograms (metal content)
Talc
tonnes
Notes
(1) Slovakia is also believed to produce sulphur
(a) Including anhydrite
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates (a)
Aluminium and bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Barytes
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
105
Slovakia
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Diamond
Dust
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite (a)
Magnesia
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought
Titanium
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
23 502
24 446
9 786
21 144
28 392
6 749
15 114
26 251
3 721
15 550
7 431
27 576
19 522
11 508
32 017
Carats
...
...
100
6 250 000
2 934 017
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
4 178
1 600
4 353
2 914
800
53 434
3 196
1 200
5 923
2 926
7 300
62 568
20 000
6 800
22 481
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 588
9 530
49 723
62 898
49
16 437
4 025
508 620
404 401
12 546
20 676
10 830
48 747
55 873
222
21 352
4 384
241 811
525 777
593
29 779
4 029
19 204
37 792
119
15 823
1 129
255 917
318 290
1 425
70 588
10 029
14 032
35 764
78
19 656
3 390
631 135
556 952
4 493
26 976
11 189
10 229
28 660
2 416
31 004
3 226
221 697
651 135
552
tonnes
tonnes
* 6 000
444 539
* 9 300
409 295
* 7 400
261 876
* 8 400
336 786
* 4 900
340 612
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
116
72
22 172
124 820
1 061
259
18 159
112 328
140
201
14 932
334 205
295
68
13 048
1 153 269
1 368
84
15 359
1 439 467
kilograms
15
45 800
1 700
5 800
84 100
tonnes
tonnes
1 407
51 517
434
62 133
74
4 606
51
45 056
580
27 935
kilograms
35 036
6 061
2 700
39 100
15 100
tonnes
tonnes
75 817
1 494
71 373
1 994
72 613
45
72 910
47
82 785
38
tonnes
20
107
(b) 9
(b) 8
11
tonnes
5
76
3
49
24
tonnes
tonnes
16 356
7 147
14 600
10 412
12 871
11 365
7 903
13 075
2 836
7 001
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including alloys
106
Slovakia
Imports
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Bentonite
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Matte and cement
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Diamond
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Molybdenum
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
633 400
755 496
692 609
666 380
527 259
7 524
311 914
52 718
8 748
7 145
5 778
311 891
41 681
4 638
8 987
5 443
288 753
27 853
1 760
5 890
4 233
270 786
42 273
2 098
6 416
6 136
232 187
232 187
3 181
26 935
52 608
123 589
58 035
94 510
172 555
93 031
13 076
284 457
56 060
6 380
256 358
34 733
9 706
281 910
102 134
16 819
11 969
2 533
4 546
5 542
176 682
4 802 258
725 586
5 813
258 597
4 253 530
983 151
6 733
264 286
3 828 520
693 786
7 877
293 054
3 078 570
563 021
12 799
713 105
3 110 255
534 118
14 836
37
0
1 020
0
19
5 327
7
137
7
97
...
1 557
17 476
...
4 120
17 350
3 300
4 685
29 141
799
6 153
40 347
10
7 531
30 687
£ 88 000
64
...
549
27 548
908
£ 2 924 000
10 817
...
577
24 788
1 143
£ 1 993 000
* 2 600
59 781
901
16 352
644
£ 2 530 000
55 000
18 560 000
784
5 886
954
£ 2 720 000
1 037 208
129 250
415
5 590
762
92 400
2 246
74 800
2 981
208 400
962
220 470
1 899
189 400
1 688
88 083
29 894
5 853 880
111 188
47 044
4 802 516
53 104
52 703
4 499 385
74 512
16 732
5 796 813
80 966
17 194
5 103 229
59 778
52 697
9 818
3 289
20 410
977
906
26 142
355
230
6 004
20 708
257 815
87 956
70 034
* 143 700
7 539
3 507
19 503
2 776
897
23 747
367
1 534
6 391
18 953
217 558
95 911
19 468
4 090
2 635
640
16 912
2 720
154
14 970
315
792
4 460
54 781
164 985
58 509
33 258
13 227
6 829
1 626
13 202
1 776
315
15 250
535
485
6 309
10 020
224 868
62 748
43 874
7 294
6 684
957
16 391
4 904
426
12 660
435
1 150
7 196
24 162
146 065
70 451
3 520
36 768
3 401
40 675
2 906
12 731
3 916
28 639
4 960
27 100
253 048
313
3 400
211 653
350
5 200
74 712
395
4 500
146 434
442
4 700
130 519
659
27 700
5
24
106
1
2
4
139
6 141 203
11
190
5 778 688
—
120
5 787 725
52
112
5 555 541
312
617
5 988 119
107
Slovakia
Imports continued
Commodity
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Potash
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Note
(a) Including alloys
108
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
4 249 360
267
4 640 012
251
4 820 301
258
5 765 254
1 688
5 747 975
1 662
kilograms
kilograms
348 975
35
1 573 351
58
1 533 869
1 191
1 625 761
2 702
2 662 700
4 400
tonnes
tonnes
29 828
2 601
29 496
2 366
4 597
689
22 561
2 913
24 631
2 260
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8
182 234
3 299
5
189 268
1 919
8
168 211
1 812
8
266 329
2 456
10
244 787
2 917
kilograms
12 200
8 200
9 000
55 300
* 47 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 339
753
1 344
4 553
1 518
2 448
2 462
1 046
1 030
3 855
864
719
3 173
1 510
380
tonnes
2 260
2 276
2 059
2 087
2 120
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17 242
250
2 193
...
329
2 389
0
130
2 949
0
956
2 109
1
2 271
2 409
tonnes
17
55
43
366
5 398
tonnes
44 959
41 003
28 863
37 266
34 536
Slovenia
Slovenia
Production
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21 548 000
14 279 253
111 016
130
19 171 000
14 982 560
83 300
160
15 720 000
13 609 728
35 148
104
12 965 000
12 072 532
40 177
135
* 10 690 653
9 626 791
75 300
168
tonnes
* 1 300 000
* 1 300 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 037 766
483 417
638 000
4 008 440
488 828
642 000
3 921 746
510 769
430 000
4 010 930
419 466
606 000
4 066 278
435 800
648 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
tonnes
* 6 000
15 000
344
3
3 029
*—
15 000
174
3
535
*—
14 000
138
3
2 924
*—
14 000
233
7
59
*—
15 000
263
2
4 291
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Primary aggregates
tonnes
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Lignite
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Copper
Unwrought
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
437 208
402 033
451 012
488 256
426 686
8 013
243 062
123 041
30 132
450
258 238
88 038
26 863
2 537
242 215
61 800
23 382
6 665
239 729
78 619
33 972
5 738
161 747
95 251
39 961
2
55 803
156 183
1
77 656
227 400
—
96 736
97 258
42 475
168 056
4 731
140 361
200 615
988
4
111
14
123
174
2 150
377
4 615
...
—
31
24
50
65
33
163
17 810
244
15 606
1 376
17 991
7 042
29 276
5 847
22 126
1 300
—
3 000
—
129
200
168
5 450
523
12 200
36 039
8 575
6 575
205
220
14 942
3 263
1 366
2 939
15 277
722
1 595
1 875
31 849
245 869
24 639
3 419
1 090
1 243
20 826
521
6 243
1 149
21 006
199 016
4 412
3 648
1 056
1 938
6 628
50
3 297
3 049
12 296
284 958
10 507
5 320
1 769
5 959
7 280
124
4 214
5 568
17 320
343 716
21 823
4 757
1 317
4 268
13 397
123
4 554
4 753
39 269
409 401
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Primary aluminium
Bentonite
Cement
Cement, finished
Coal
Lignite
Brown coal
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-silicon
Lead, refined
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Salt
Exports
Commodity
109
Slovenia
Exports continued
Commodity
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Salt
Silver
Metal
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
8 860
1 415
6 960
391
6 891
325
8 090
566
6 008
160
tonnes
110
122
128
88
91
tonnes
257
421
344
334
259
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
232
34 212
109 350
268
24 368
164 848
117
3
56 973
1 544
—
153 182
520
—
164 440
kilograms
tonnes
84
18 280
110
20 590
400
15 671
—
21 711
...
33 998
kilograms
5 200
8 800
1 600
3 100
3 600
tonnes
tonnes
37
55 867
40
55 110
23
57 866
171
61 637
346
53 015
tonnes
tonnes
1 557
873
1 937
975
1 469
517
2 725
933
918
832
tonnes
509
202
22
25
—
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
3 113 823
1 424 240
1 165 083
771 814
486 627
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
63 229
466 163
28 628
65 589
58 215
52 338
40 006
438 579
27 121
67 405
50 389
51 319
13 966
302 520
20 629
62 162
34 530
37 677
41 846
328 453
27 252
87 848
65 950
51 159
42 555
322 872
26 173
65 523
71 318
52 860
tonnes
110
71
50
36
150
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
11
585
4 048
—
596
3 976
3
530
4 421
...
457
4 191
11
609
4 790
tonnes
90
60
24
49
63
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
145 638
328 312
17 037
5 783
326 096
4 618
60
297 617
17 414
129
328 563
17 328
95 704
334 053
8 237
tonnes
tonnes
986
85
999
313
1 005
143
1 912
104
966
97
tonnes
tonnes
83 100
567 139
74 508
833 308
33 143
507 013
26 873
544 523
30 629
515 659
tonnes
96
93
149
141
110
tonnes
tonnes
2 809
10 431
2 649
9 687
2 826
11 452
8 369
22 407
7 062
12 350
Carats
tonnes
1 670 284
686
1 395 416
644
723 391
550
1 656 306
718
1 423 460
623
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Dust
Diatomite
110
Slovenia
Imports continued
Commodity
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Magnesite and magnesia
Manganese
Metal
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Nickel
Unwrought (b)
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Rare earths
Metals
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Zirconium
Concentrates
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
6 877
1 017
6 576
1 326
8 899
1 064
14 954
1 754
13 168
1 463
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
600
100
108
1 700
9
141
400
1 210
89
1 100
5 400
295
1 700
5 600
844
tonnes
tonnes
38 588
7 936
24 660
8 622
5 565
9 432
942
7 615
785
6 218
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
102 973
1 420
23 645
2 052
6 061
4 789
569
2 364
14 017
2 862
7 654
11 479
363 362
28 363
68 153
1 311
25 665
3 418
5 663
3 373
540
538
24 651
1 984
6 536
12 930
367 968
25 682
24 031
1 053
15 951
1 682
4 157
3 467
410
...
11 335
899
4 929
1 568
281 950
20 776
29 120
1 225
26 575
2 388
6 175
8 810
717
...
13 114
1 687
7 874
8 191
495 432
27 287
25 327
1 630
36 528
2 375
5 763
7 697
885
42
15 739
1 883
8 318
31 931
561 713
28 779
tonnes
tonnes
12 761
5 191
14 103
1 556
13 036
1 985
16 025
3 812
17 594
3 611
tonnes
tonnes
144
8 117
186
8 272
139
4 346
95
7 279
125
64 675
tonnes
388
438
264
433
420
tonnes
876
690
292
561
523
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
967
807 877
109 768
2 686
750 581
164 872
2 020
748 930
56 969
2 967
828 674
153 160
3 230
736 641
164 442
tonnes
tonnes
139
148 352
88
190 017
55
239 191
98
317 999
26
235 663
kilograms
27 800
45 000
17 800
24 100
29 700
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
612
53 434
1
5 301
683
56 381
...
12 860
353
53 615
...
13 756
645
57 411
...
10 793
836
56 490
...
4 489
tonnes
101
87
69
118
70
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 903
348
3 500
53 245
34 930
257
3 296
65 180
32 789
233
2 889
66 818
25 081
400
2 917
...
54 387
964
2 884
39 644
tonnes
tonnes
16 696
11 711
14 881
8 938
16 766
6 180
15 314
5 850
14 495
7 374
tonnes
550
548
227
330
273
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Including alloys
111
Spain
Spain
Production
Commodity
Units
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
tonnes
Crushed rock
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Primary aluminium
tonnes
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Attapulgite
tonnes
Sepiolite
tonnes
Bromine
kilograms
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Bituminous
tonnes
Sub-bituminous
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, refined
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Diatomite (a)
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Kaolin (b)
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Lithium minerals
Lepidolite
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Mica (c)
tonnes
Nickel, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
million cubic metres
Potash
Chloride
tonnes (K20 content)
Salt
Rock salt
tonnes
Sea salt
tonnes
Other salt
tonnes
Silver, mine
kilograms (metal content)
Strontium minerals
tonnes
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (d)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Recovered (e)
tonnes (sulphur content)
Talc
tonnes
Tungsten, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Wollastonite
tonnes
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Slab zinc
tonnes
See notes on next page.
112
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
143 000 000
280 000 000
1 300 000
405 100
26 770
118 000 000
214 000 000
1 300 000
405 800
11 100
96 000 000
160 000 000
* 1 300 000
334 600
5 212
72 000 000
170 000 000
* 1 300 000
335 000
2 050
* 52 000 000
* 130 000 000
* 1 300 000
335 000
—
147 253
24 615
717 728
* 100 000
154 534
27 348
737 659
* 100 000
147 090
21 110
573 937
* 100 000
157 001
27 841
557 862
* 100 000
110 721
26 031
566 270
* 100 000
32 045 543
54 720 445
27 304 551
42 088 110
21 594 604
29 504 574
21 234 637
26 217 200
* 17 500 000
* 20 000 000
3 485 083
4 387 416
3 128 081
6 112 946
6 281
308 372
257 348
18 998 000
45 480
683 134
155 197
14 535 422
3 976 000
3 152 550
4 085 652
2 890 230
—
7 071
319 050
259 897
18 640 000
46 192
690 256
148 736
11 955 753
3 784 000
4 306 033
2 898 340
2 493 577
—
17 663
329 356
264 971
14 358 000
29 194
597 496
122 533
8 181 315
2 920 000
3 212 603
2 776 918
2 428 877
—
54 335
347 518
259 119
16 343 000
64 346
691 894
132 341
6 990 249
3 572 000
2 489 797
1 774 991
2 357 557
—
67 983
353 790
260 730
15 504 000
83 624
* 650 000
117 333
* 7 100 000
3 540 000
* 155 000
* 153 000
* 71 000
* 32 000
489 428
—
128 000
* 163 000
* 160 000
* 74 000
* 33 000
355 739
—
145 000
* 68 000
* 67 000
* 44 000
* 23 000
270 298
1 000
138 000
* 152 000
* 150 000
* 64 400
* 32 500
310 993
300
163 000
* 152 000
* 150 000
* 64 000
* 33 000
302 580
5 705
172 000
10 326
464 498
5 569
6 630
142 879
42
9 342
442 339
4 254
8 136
127 542
46
4 270
390 311
3 655
8 029
106 817
19
7 824
462 959
4 034
6 296
121 528
58
* 7 800
577 725
3 775
—
99 926
44
531 739
472 952
481 455
418 778
436 026
2 709 545
1 332 360
102 524
—
142 512
2 909 907
1 290 672
102 149
—
138 590
2 763 081
1 338 789
99 853
2 200
57 466
3 115 940
1 242 718
92 644
20 800
83 035
* 3 200 000
1 171 435
91 735
29 900
97 102
543 000
* 100 000
78 042
—
10 918
—
509 000
551 000
* 100 000
59 299
194
10 100
—
466 000
533 000
* 100 000
47 218
284
7 000
5 900
515 000
547 000
* 100 000
51 897
303
6 000
17 323
517 100
490 000
* 100 000
11 957
425
7 417
33 197
527 100
Spain
Notes
(1) Spain is also believed to produce arsenic
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Including Tripoli
Washed
Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
From metal sulphide processing
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Oxides
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
2 042 075
1 478 362
1 060 445
1 153 923
1 306 103
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
6 057
539 739
199 679
15 999
125 008
34 520
5 623
671 009
236 855
39 359
123 577
109 493
4 951
612 933
163 303
19 816
230 539
46 307
3 628
299 703
126 398
26 693
148 884
66 976
2 038
391 516
186 543
19 248
175 112
51 518
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
17
246
31 693
143
1 023
33 676
62
894
29 776
19
1 716
32 427
50
1 784
34 285
tonnes
tonnes
72 278
474 788
75 287
460 485
1 021 034
418 644
66 118
...
54 449
...
tonnes
kilograms
32
418 531
19
2 000
14
2 578
9
15 627
9
86 311
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
37 343
1 358 857
46 348
907 694
1 474 428
63 825
1 181 783
1 411 588
74 007
1 545 705
2 768 457
87 864
1 590 245
2 577 325
184 099
tonnes
tonnes
1 529
779
1 073
1 165
1 022
516
600
665
1 252
237
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
101 968
872 269
...
186 293
1 636 071
21 735
123 114
1 252 923
193
337 930
1 149 991
599
337 833
851 716
250
tonnes
56
7
33
19
14
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
905
88 429
37 210
48 288
12 679
463
83 820
41 676
85 899
12 139
110 724
100 498
38 761
108 716
12 150
221 429
102 236
33 973
151 204
15 881
583 874
87 122
37 314
86 800
15 809
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£346 000
£8 478 000
£208 000
254 600
6 399
74 461
29 117
£503 000
£6 631 000
£498 000
400 810
5 306
79 120
13 109
£266 000
£5 328 000
£171 000
182 628
4 678
56 161
35 366
£292 000
£7 350 000
£210 000
689 563
7 382
69 337
1 680
£154 000
£9 802 000
£590 000
8 454 551
6 637
71 959
3 312
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
23 667
92
8 728
6 966
1 147
10 499
31 466
131 376
8 160
282 816
258 156
5 369
9 444 195
176 652
6 142
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
3 335 273
274 781
7 689
75 567
3 458 773
228 060
46 873
62 147
2 187 816
182 982
15 376
17 348
2 678 208
165 424
14 704
9 079
3 367 083
156 461
7 909
165 589
113
Spain
Exports continued
Commodity
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Unmanufactured
Ground
Molybdenum
Metal
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought (b)
Crude petroleum (c)
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Scrap
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
114
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
12 491
6 404
2 461
71 345
33 636
70
18 323
6 044
16 175
91 085
162 371
199 541
9 747
4 763
4 768
65 330
34 307
45
9 562
393
16 008
310 671
214 913
155 563
4 772
2 566
367
29 403
25 859
242
5 939
208
5 571
261 758
302 465
156 915
2 998
2 658
1 025
52 296
58 097
359
12 854
2 191
18 463
337 566
277 401
167 811
7 023
3 233
1 181
37 866
65 469
7
12 952
2 326
21 864
194 482
431 394
161 156
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
130
9 242
7 023
1 015
14 771
6 616
14 147
13 434
3 862
9 513
6 630
6 781
24 608
15 683
5 029
tonnes
192
128
228
175
268
tonnes
tonnes
607
185 364
725
175 307
2 167
156 027
410
224 590
573
259 493
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
1 299
5 783
779 110
518
4 562
639 203
21 456
3 386
376 885
707
1 297
964 922
623
1 735
824 421
tonnes
tonnes
2 473
1 089
1 259
1 368
563
1 521
1 339
2 269
1 823
2 193
tonnes
3
18
68
243
14
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
65 853
227
767
* 2 400
31 159
7 840
127 812
226
600
* 24 000
—
4 754
102 105
875
573
* 400
61 433
1 565
93 536
366
738
* 164 000
200 027
1 888
26 597
376
400
* 300
555 012
10 985
kilograms
kilograms
434
44
3 104
88 069
1 672
225 411
2 347
291 877
1 255
163 420
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 795
163 891
998
1 251
360 538
1 895
2 540
319 549
1 352
6 474
609 607
2 365
3 713
688 599
2 385
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
63
2
463 791
50
8
17
646 288
—
13
5
862 994
97
51
34
1 318 019
51
62
32
1 311 651
kilograms
kilograms
1 608
13 637
—
379 675
30
233 084
377
417 381
9 847
383 412
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
77 220
244
39 689
116 213
338
51 180
198 585
523
29 580
138 168
612
11 206
361 188
289
28 980
tonnes
tonnes
98
460
433
447
427
2 038
513
376
449
4 543
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
232
1 431
91 583
155
947
58 342
25 892
1 018
33 721
2 405
1 928
35 233
650
1 698
48 870
tonnes
tonnes
0
177
286
223
457
156
400
315
981
880
Spain
Exports continued
Commodity
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
5
4
26
22
774
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
98 359
220 002
66 155
5 295
121 688
191 897
92 781
6 210
40 118
216 633
62 544
26 675
82 009
318 527
91 054
37 362
122 429
351 354
35 318
15 625
tonnes
tonnes
11 803
200
14 151
525
13 581
746
28 166
51
29 952
3
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) Including alloys
(c) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Cobalt
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 396 928
1 035 555
889 156
982 128
677 289
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 547 201
53 579
49 451
122 303
328 314
123 074
3 618 306
50 417
41 614
82 512
281 270
110 745
3 509 294
22 239
30 522
95 461
162 026
63 517
3 325 099
31 527
29 317
119 589
229 036
111 942
3 080 295
61 184
22 917
110 612
219 925
125 190
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
164
1 676
1 146
154
1 987
899
55
1 478
493
103
2 642
516
29
2 450
494
tonnes
116
192
48
96
93
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
50
65 569
104 057
21
71 025
103 602
—
30 503
72 993
—
106 611
108 066
6
70 896
146 344
tonnes
kilograms
190
77 578
212
169 159
52
75 099
141
222 746
99
250 417
tonnes
0
21
118
153
38
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
10 894 888
2 929 208
74 401
5 496 563
1 729 088
58 007
2 079 944
694 757
73 362
1 342 279
637 322
14 516
490 164
450 416
15 894
tonnes
tonnes
6 437
1 393
6 721
1 219
4 031
1 192
5 579
1 878
9 262
2 350
tonnes
tonnes
1 019 341
23 420 766
957 293
20 010 533
767 027
15 967 793
846 015
10 983 379
852 813
15 315 861
tonnes
tonnes
121
1 187
131
1 038
135
1 035
144
1 543
159
1 837
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 001 284
75
56 754
1 032
56 237
5 417
1 122 093
...
65 765
3 733
79 125
4 352
1 184 321
21
68 166
3 133
80 898
3 473
1 229 148
992
82 931
518
73 904
3 947
1 482 354
17 530
89 499
12 747
62 695
6 719
115
Spain
Imports continued
Commodity
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore (a)
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and Ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Nickel
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals (b)
Waste and scrap
116
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£3 667 000
£57 921 000
£1 396 000
67 062 395
9 447
1 407 350
29 560
£1 959 000
£40 012 000
£1 485 000
42 938 192
8 861
1 410 760
32 016
£1 591 000
£30 290 000
£917 000
30 861 760
9 600
664 830
17 148
£1 814 000
£26 488 000
£275 000
27 500 320
8 191
856 406
12 008
£3 864 000
£25 312 000
£605 000
27 699 364
7 989
993 378
14 198
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
6 641
2 352
15 582
* 72 000
252
24 284
68 562
109
15 669
44 542
2 780
34 268
46 695
29 069
10 765
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
53 028
14 129
582 029
6 117 047
43 171
33 825
541 706
6 479 890
25 963
7 349
512 821
4 237 845
20 776
6 015
342 914
5 874 304
13 185
5 787
522 768
5 143 562
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
652 786
611 893
1 123 216
7 289
24 599
48 205
5 863
75 625
8 283
2 554
71 487
1 276
1 189
82
3 640
1 733 247
6 316 516
1 571 143
688 421
621 627
203 518
9 890
17 126
74 962
3 777
68 355
685
1 488
46 445
1 006
1 122
4 378
8 856
1 587 605
7 408 237
1 470 440
380 731
295 665
113 275
5 818
13 357
50 683
3 756
43 936
553
193
27 140
611
809
360
9 523
1 007 820
4 674 099
757 859
442 656
636 496
164 125
7 705
19 930
39 895
6 446
47 389
983
1 425
27 581
1 203
1 088
1 909
8 446
1 269 577
5 708 900
1 061 732
315 904
640 549
152 254
10 705
15 256
36 803
6 943
43 284
1 334
1 816
29 894
1 120
1 094
5 508
11 801
1 061 766
4 764 338
1 055 122
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
8 188
157 485
42 629
7 107
116 492
35 506
3 199
121 522
35 703
10 946
110 217
43 432
6 722
114 380
42 236
tonnes
tonnes
600
1 811
501
3 908
521
2 825
1 007
3 239
698
3 423
tonnes
tonnes
4 092
117 867
2 839
143 849
10 029
42 980
3 926
94 840
6 164
97 566
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
349 131
9 563
906 297
1 871
640 677
10 033
337 117
952
54 606
3 994
467 614
1 467
407 450
7 510
335 852
1 183
508 794
10 951
54 748
1 534
tonnes
tonnes
4 622
113
3 787
189
1 724
236
2 585
239
3 572
83
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
42 232
250
21 202
1 426
94
57 773 847
27 048 984
1 653 874
1
120
22 668
1 547
151
59 444 410
32 044 466
1 611 494
5
236
12 290
821
50
52 331 324
28 024 572
438 755
5
151
16 468
1 125
329
52 714 224
27 795 263
1 017 820
1
806
17 567
966
323
51 960 524
27 529 122
377 348
kilograms
kilograms
* 4 500
4 111
* 3 900
8 947
* 3 000
29 448
* 3 500
29 183
* 3 000
17 845
Spain
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Ilmenite
tonnes
Other titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Titanium slag
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Vanadium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Pentoxide
tonnes
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 547
199 403
25
40 911
194 656
3 548
21 022
71 444
3 721
40 507
211 595
1 607
39 133
257 920
1 283
95
580
255
40
33 691
274
444
270
15
97 348
108
443
140
19
81 729
421
543
216
41
85 807
9
636
102
33
111 597
25 985
1 807
26 903
8 006
19 824
1 824
27 611
4 934
32 091
6 153
58 344
126 668
75 633
1 547 747
66 088
754 262
11 317
1 513 257
17 131
828 017
2 585
152 566
265
96 298
1 903
153 575
372
85 942
958
24 015
187
81 043
1 160
68 214
229
82 425
476
44 724
176
88 655
112
—
3
1
...
7 093
167
185
7 313
261
376
5 457
243
441
6 410
172
2 410
5 967
428
5 386
121 898
22 037
3 450
123 132
2 164
119 467
9 133
3 131
138 275
10 004
26 512
522
1 735
93 267
...
...
(c) 111 298
2 627
91 822
...
...
(c) 123 284
3 673
90 581
...
1
914
41
11
731
31
147
681
13
44
426
25
15
216
51
48
45
9
43
22
50
...
115
...
52
1 257 304
21 634
17 411
6 601
1 114 634
26 779
15 000
7 396
909 078
16 091
9 230
3 127
1 003 388
7 583
15 627
10 935
977 695
16 841
11 050
23 205
138 442
65
152 604
136
95 103
83
149 442
132
143 493
97
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Includes Ilmenite
117
Sweden
Sweden
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Primary aluminium
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished
Copper, mine
Copper, refined
Copper, smelter
Feldspar
Gold, mine
Iron ore
Pig iron
Crude steel
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silicon
Lead, mine
Lead, refined
Selenium minerals
Silver
Sulphur and pyrites
Recovered (a)
Recovered (b)
Talc
Zinc, mine
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
20 036 785
64 047 058
99 842
18 804 343
66 757 671
81 913
14 400 000
57 500 000
69 708
* 17 000 000
* 57 000 000
93 000
* 17 000 000
* 57 000 000
111 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 712 626
2 950 000
62 905
213 894
203 100
25 000
5 159
24 714 000
3 947 000
5 672 900
1 881 054
* 2 950 000
57 688
227 774
203 700
22 000
4 953
23 888 000
3 708 000
5 197 600
1 702 019
* 2 900 000
55 414
205 759
183 400
18 000
5 542
17 677 000
1 966 000
2 803 700
1 790 784
* 2 900 000
76 514
190 497
181 500
22 000
6 285
25 292 000
3 447 000
4 845 600
* 1 750 000
* 2 900 000
82 967
219 316
206 100
30 000
5 994
26 113 000
3 240 000
4 867 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
124 400
4 300
63 224
69 730
126
323 171
118 700
—
63 489
56 812
139
293 068
31 100
—
69 293
51 574
129
288 590
64 400
—
67 697
59 179
72
302 145
80 140
—
62 028
52 438
* 70
301 959
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes (sulphur content)
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
177 000
66 569
7 000
214 576
199 600
84 456
4 000
187 987
186 100
83 646
4 000
192 502
179 833
83 947
4 000
198 687
202 289
92 973
3 000
194 021
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
2 307 614
3 049 601
1 867 320
2 248 515
1 624 154
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
14 278
735
89 591
107 946
13 919
6 307
89 190
106 581
14 464
2 143
145 554
89 940
19 037
195
190 394
88 070
13 870
735
182 946
95 632
tonnes
tonnes
1
12 240
15
11 640
489
5 588
4
3 457
—
3 300
tonnes
0
1
106
11
1
tonnes
322
448
305
360
429
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
32
845 235
15 237
217
723 793
14 082
577 571
482 223
7 166
505 585
467 559
5 819
267 884
590 443
7 120
tonnes
102
225
100
191
167
tonnes
152
67
285
220
99
Notes
(a) From metal sulphide processing
(b) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cadmium
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Metal
Cobalt
Metal
118
Sweden
Exports continued
Commodity
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese and ferro-silicomanganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Salt
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
...
66 232
54 673
...
8 837
3 497
14 383
7 764
49
70 047
57 245
70 047
5 610
749
10 670
11 538
—
77 745
55 603
...
3 181
693
7 646
6 745
24
71 394
43 311
...
8 563
829
11 251
8 101
8 010
92 971
58 031
...
5 615
1 098
19 258
11 053
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
17 800
65 700
273
19 400
29 400
252
14 500
60 900
159
14 700
5 100
254
12 900
21 000
129
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
12 694
48
19 033 842
11 525
122
17 617 162
9 358
300
16 104 129
8 155
700
20 726 152
3 865
900
21 115 203
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
152 911
26 666
2 247
1 260
3 859
62 588
19 844
3 534
...
3 620
141 261
296 251
35 886
50
2 423
146 027
12 335
51 010
17
3 517
133 387
313 081
2 752
5
3 581
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
304
1 128
2 892
135
216
1 474
134 568
1 069 335
18 229
301
1 370
2 616
112
895
2 458
102 086
1 449 311
30 495
193
364
3 004
250
280
968
58 631
1 439 126
31 122
340
582
6 905
50
481
2 337
261 273
1 352 399
23 103
375
448
6 903
57
660
1 274
235 814
1 484 197
16 444
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
56 581
65 733
734
61 439
53 715
816
72 220
46 795
1 044
111 153
55 501
1 445
73 996
54 370
1 471
tonnes
1 593
235
380
303
165
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 344
390
457
51
1 623
1 513
288
511
—
4 897
1 376
522
363
961
1 228
1 022
497
534
21
125
1 137
599
516
6 159
2 253
kilograms
kilograms
£900 000
242 500
£851 000
575 300
£177 000
40 400
£429 000
69 000
£1 203 000
43 600
tonnes
tonnes
84 414
12 601
53 883
10 444
59 252
10 025
93 796
12 742
84 381
13 297
kilograms
kilograms
59 400
364 500
...
521 200
—
476 300
...
412 900
...
428 500
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 168
10 959
9 415
5 525
13 128
9 227
3 018
12 242
8 032
2 768
11 564
9 014
3 980
10 344
8 308
tonnes
tonnes
201
161
213
96
122
63
163
27
52
71
tonnes
tonnes
2 667
17 047
1 002
19 992
717
15 921
925
20 567
1 086
18 331
119
Sweden
Exports continued
Commodity
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Zirconium
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
3 192
234
446
75
328
436
96
431
253
—
289
401
21
218
186
tonnes
tonnes
405 682
2 777
389 473
2 898
395 616
1 840
362 085
2 900
374 501
3 257
tonnes
83
144
118
90
137
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
1 068 840
864 988
355 022
533 148
802 173
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
30 099
43 101
94 218
46 431
159 628
36 838
18 761
161 638
95 834
47 534
144 343
40 125
10 755
109 806
81 026
39 248
124 277
30 093
6 660
211 393
95 073
35 506
188 198
48 508
10 460
266 978
77 121
22 371
175 194
47 458
tonnes
tonnes
546
319
166
293
58
203
17
219
10
227
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
12
6 504
184 313
6
6 371
178 308
6
3 346
120 079
7
4 406
200 422
6
4 224
214 173
tonnes
kilograms
5
2 800
12
31 700
6
3 100
12
4 200
2
4 300
tonnes
tonnes
491
25
851
83
588
42
825
107
1 127
172
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
29 344
55 784
52 359
37 009
61 891
50 333
10 434
29 482
37 308
36 629
348 431
36 399
58 132
419 332
42 002
tonnes
tonnes
350 000
2 145
337 933
12 782
64 955
4 396
—
4 999
—
6 598
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
25 832
3 154 331
287
36 163
2 811 668
9 029
20 373
1 831 397
33
48 767
3 236 437
43
38 136
2 971 646
52
tonnes
676
698
189
396
571
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
420 050
81 015
10 495
31 535
5 867
393 295
91 839
23 539
21 123
5 239
362 803
96 542
22 072
23 107
2 040
302 514
108 971
3 100
46 383
5 181
300 878
121 099
5 843
31 760
3 186
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
£ 141 000
9 465
224 486
11 500 000
6 976
6 021
12 089
£ 100 000
10 938
217 127
4 000 000
6 929
3 861
14 214
£ 23 000
8 709
6 907
1 500 000
6 082
4 268
12 959
£ 125 000
9 615
26 277
8 000 000
8 099
6 410
9 451
£ 105 000
12 118
5 930
9 500 000
8 247
4 363
14 980
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar
Fluorspar
120
Sweden
Imports continued
Commodity
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Carbonate
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Phosphate rock
Platinum metals
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Potash
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
£18 292 000
£ 112 000
1 592
£25 583 000
£ 565 000
1 091
£26 296 000
£ 53 000
835
£32 625 000
£ 12 243 000
1 315
£42 028 000
£ 33 337 000
1 129
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
244 986
146 638
5 000
178 364
154 201
600
94 656
158 842
400
256 696
73 865
1 100
324 584
58 751
1 800
tonnes
tonnes
69 911
26
71 441
—
41 087
2 919
55 078
16 743
51 334
24 561
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
59 661
16 799
125 057
3 104
5 986
75 409
17 085
4 377
9 162
1 242
1 331
42 315
691
1 005
105
6 756
137 032
242 167
448 129
80 450
11 861
114 712
3 873
8 916
68 246
10 677
5 693
6 803
1 264
386
34 249
1 370
956
153
7 631
264 782
193 207
468 491
40 076
2 691
78 244
1 215
2 154
27 869
5 754
2 652
3 286
604
430
25 880
653
547
30
4 404
119 549
174 279
408 564
58 974
11 668
90 630
1 805
2 445
60 577
9 099
4 388
7 995
1 146
415
37 424
1 127
729
76
6 818
193 605
217 682
367 948
78 818
24 398
74 988
4 133
1 837
57 927
11 586
4 723
10 119
1 544
632
37 743
1 459
1 058
77
5 375
203 669
245 225
389 358
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
6 554
3 771
275
6 922
2 089
—
5 028
5 176
14 763
5 340
9 464
—
5 783
8 401
tonnes
tonnes
107
236
146
278
149
191
214
87
243
69
tonnes
tonnes
477
17 556
38
14 701
2
15 832
84
12 004
114
20 425
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
130
3 012
10 600
584
388
3 287
13 800
755
854
1 880
21 300
721
522
3 815
2 700
673
438
5 241
2 400
545
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 003
281
780
4 645
442
711
2 514
470
219
5 487
644
414
5 893
360
357
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 252
9 118
25 303
356
17 719 046
749 162
2 369
1 490
12 215
25 474
1 317
19 184 387
647 510
922
1 607
8 709
16 544
661
16 818 080
860 497
2 918
1 239
10 491
23 375
397
18 236 284
1 066 174
3 869
1 723
10 332
23 191
216
17 988 419
899 467
12 968
kilograms
kilograms
£6 109 000
731 700
£8 722 000
13 800
£5 934 000
80 200
£7 551 000
1 500
£8 430 000
19 800
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 004
27 470
4 886
2 872
15 689
4 735
965
4 769
4 211
1 789
55 671
5 858
2 551
79 863
9 276
121
Sweden
Imports continued
Commodity
Rare earths
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Sillimanite minerals
Silver
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (b)
Titanium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Carbide
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
74
50
6
744 328
6 381
46
59
8
875 294
5 212
28
47
8
910 606
2 395
37
47
7
905 190
4 782
48
55
9
933 936
5 174
kilograms
kilograms
21 000
162 900
(a)* 2 466 000
122 200
2 330 100
85 300
...
83 700
...
90 900
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
750
94 449
4
48 746
691
78 784
112
45 801
544
21 772
143
28 459
874
56 961
200
25 998
825
65 296
145
22 202
tonnes
720
555
364
435
189
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 032
2 623
65 872
995
2 391
61 890
726
1 593
53 071
1 854
1 936
61 191
645
2 390
62 054
tonnes
tonnes
546
876
588
904
175
233
179
1 308
302
2 050
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21 570
22 600
1 697
29 211
12 059
1 696
29 750
2 691
1 208
37 524
5 905
226
30 598
6 282
336
tonnes
tonnes
825
219
832
185
248
218
419
220
368
120
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Including alloys
122
Switzerland
Switzerland
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Cement
Cement, finished (a)
Gypsum
Crude steel
Lead, refined
Salt
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
* 50 000 000
* 5 700 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 5 000 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 252 574
* 300 000
1 264 000
* 9 000
353 000
4 238 311
* 300 000
1 312 000
* 8 000
368 000
4 333 096
* 300 000
934 000
800
554 000
4 553 077
* 300 000
1 320 000
—
643 000
4 687 138
* 300 000
* 1 400 000
—
478 324
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
486 288
202 846
194 006
193 312
188 183
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
281
22 645
139 599
5 767
9 938
125 769
1 240
14 444
116 520
854
20 954
131 819
341
23 397
138 643
tonnes
290
120
30
42
17
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
114 075
13 704
4 014
91 167
35 925
9 009
70 207
15 044
4 062
6 983
103 952
2 959
104
63 262
51
tonnes
94
120
70
80
97
tonnes
tonnes
1 002
75 542
1 159
82 687
623
71 204
832
75 973
1 030
84 373
Carats
Carats
Carats
Carats
4 360
559 591
12 100
40 985 000
7 888
582 240
34 058
44 105 000
1 230
252 685
7 139
30 400 000
14 892
357 976
7 902
60 980 000
3 628
435 272
8 978
70 880 000
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
1 095 682
102 745
384
2 103 919
125 459
600
1 010 085
107 918
355
1 605 359
105 407
326
1 867 822
94 837
100
tonnes
kilograms
2 754
1 205
5 207
1 605
2 454
97
8 536
349
8 606
239
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 537
653
104 433
585 342
786
2 126
642
65 257
636 462
128
1 564
943
48 349
565 415
203
2 191
1 191
66 642
623 910
287
981
1 299
85 201
630 837
55
tonnes
tonnes
7 383
4 860
7 387
3 236
1 765
4 748
230
5 497
19
5 732
tonnes
kilograms
75
140 336
88
11 592
2 041
25 372
190
8 529
1
53 581
tonnes
tonnes
1 750
113
1 603
94
1 519
53
1 090
173
909
130
Note
(a) Includes production in Liechtenstein
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Diamond
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
Iodine
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Sponge and powder
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithium
Oxides
Mercury
Nickel
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
123
Switzerland
Exports continued
Commodity
Platinum metals
Platinum
Palladium
Other Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
kilograms
57 569
52 880
636
393 326
69 404
86 503
717
616 867
61 433
57 571
192
362 419
72 006
70 662
464
314 061
63 853
60 859
494
289 174
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2
3
55 916
1
1
37 772
1
26
68 947
2
1
67 537
9
1
71 525
kilograms
1 201 402
1 444 198
916 560
1 456 475
1 779 063
tonnes
0
335
4 837
5 310
4 864
tonnes
tonnes
112
123
114
76
87
136
60
118
16
131
tonnes
tonnes
868
1 133
987
1 276
734
1 203
805
1 466
868
1 666
tonnes
392
400
239
476
398
tonnes
tonnes
679
2 408
1 078
2 445
524
2 574
415
2 582
258
2 846
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
7 371 907
7 256 472
7 246 506
8 010 059
8 566 572
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 850
10 745
17 875
136 214
78 916
32 716
12 439
11 036
17 235
127 018
62 962
31 728
8 360
9 074
15 269
108 096
50 341
23 195
6 718
10 662
20 697
148 099
84 113
33 341
11 898
9 957
19 131
166 853
70 200
36 829
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 461
2 843
21 334
1 328
3 644
21 876
793
2 605
20 407
1 108
3 020
20 362
1 131
3 156
19 316
tonnes
8
12
12
25
18
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
15 292
348 262
37 522
8 596
361 305
30 908
27 649
364 034
36 464
74 946
465 699
49 549
46 117
538 979
73 361
tonnes
tonnes
1 339
114
1 510
134
974
38
1 051
74
809
71
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
9 539
214 684
84 654
3 908
18 721
132 824
80 814
3 986
5 444
172 990
66 483
4 933
7 164
124 096
62 756
3 328
7 144
92 473
69 378
2 887
tonnes
454
386
243
318
298
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
5 960
7 995
4 089
5 903
5 266
3 925
3 473
2 710
3 276
3 229
6 061
4 137
2 353
4 178
3 520
Note
(a) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Cobalt
Metal
Copper
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
124
Switzerland
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Diamond
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
Iron ore
tonnes
Burnt pyrites
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates (b)
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
8 634
1 209 708
59 930 000
4 636
8 056
533
11 566
1 147 690
54 445 000
4 864
7 653
571
4 498
534 700
39 130 000
5 071
6 478
370
20 460
840 245
74 015 000
5 758
6 593
492
3 263
870 000
101 250 000
4 642
6 124
210
1 667 100
57 001
966
2 101 027
214 839
931
2 198 967
319 257
306
2 343 070
219 260
848
2 684 244
205 846
823
93 365
95 000
18 136
101 731
97 296
7 260
101 228
87 350
7 156
112 555
100 958
10 238
94 474
104 574
10 839
7 800
7 826
6 145
12 559
1 445
15 045
5 382
15 171
12 537
14 916
28 095
9 685
1 834
9 922
5 992
5 287
72
1 406
1 508
50 301
475 542
45 629
28 630
8 873
1 803
11 696
5 011
5 264
52
1 034
1 255
29 911
505 597
39 932
12 256
5 931
288
8 003
1 595
4 287
82
529
1 256
9 188
313 055
33 555
16 812
6 668
1 480
11 566
3 767
5 014
548
876
1 385
18 026
452 626
24 249
17 969
4 812
1 846
9 721
4 948
5 937
544
982
1 661
61 349
456 700
21 460
7 087
9 915
9 446
5 664
2 838
142
143
110
118
141
1 024
7 144
69
7 772
502
4 762
362
4 625
793
4 917
415
778
6 687
3 021
472
472
3 557
1 088
340
282
801
669
214
556
1 370
1 226
333
509
471
866
1 787
4 595 181
2 402 267
4 645
2 054
5 141 634
2 596 153
358
1 202
4 755 189
2 450 414
585
1 370
4 534 930
2 759 930
3 657
1 199
4 302 674
2 521 494
20 007
43 113
46 744
913
267 258
67 022
60 666
1 255
494 962
91 048
50 258
1 319
688 973
49 089
41 454
813
912 680
57 415
43 310
873
459 360
5 259
19 279
2 504
4 685
15 158
2 861
3 967
7 595
1 676
4 914
16 865
2 049
5 899
14 730
1 159
1
21
13
...
8 913
1 035
...
16
18
6
8 988
1 128
1
15
15
44
70 386
527
4
31
16
...
37 731
1 162
5
18
12
5
58 307
1 596
* 39 800
849 037
* 9 600
1 520 531
* 100 900
2 136 092
* 55 800
1 746 243
15 107 700
2 155 625
125
Switzerland
Imports continued
Commodity
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (a)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Zinc
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
20 982
10 360
17 425
8 756
12 086
7 987
17 414
8 490
13 072
7 666
tonnes
1 241
1 093
800
863
737
tonnes
tonnes
1 352
20 455
1 168
19 550
862
17 086
971
19 725
1 081
22 198
tonnes
257
272
105
143
226
tonnes
tonnes
14 473
2 700
13 715
2 471
9 431
1 549
15 521
2 276
12 747
2 158
Notes
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
126
Turkey
Turkey
Production
Commodity
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bauxite
tonnes
Alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
tonnes
Primary aluminium
Antimony, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Barytes
tonnes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
tonnes
Sepiolite
tonnes
Borates
tonnes
Cement
Cement, clinker
tonnes
Cement, finished
tonnes
Chromium ores and concentrates
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Copper, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Copper, refined
tonnes
Copper, smelter
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Gold, mine
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
tonnes
Iron ore
tonnes
Pig iron
tonnes
Crude steel
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead, mine
tonnes (metal content)
Lead, refined
tonnes
Magnesite
tonnes
Mica
tonnes
Nickel, mined
tonnes (metal content)
Perlite
tonnes
tonnes
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
million m3
Salt
Sea salt
tonnes
Other salt
tonnes
Silver, mine
kilograms (metal content)
Strontium minerals
tonnes
Zinc, mine
tonnes (metal content)
863 404
163 435
63 400
* 1 200
150 000
818 928
* 160 000
61 100
* 1 300
150 000
406 700
* 100 000
30 000
* 1 300
213 187
855 000
* 160 000
54 100
* 1 300
225 000
* 600 000
* 100 000
56 400
* 1 300
225 000
748 170
* 10 000
1 997 163
683 253
* 10 000
2 139 224
753 155
* 10 000
1 687 102
718 260
* 10 000
1 910 000
379 918
—
2 273 122
39 363 683
50 995 107
1 678 932
41 652 824
54 027 283
1 885 712
41 084 368
55 741 176
1 770 029
54 222 939
70 800 657
2 461 314
* 54 000 000
* 71 000 000
2 281 981
3 230 787
74 316 728
81 000
99 600
17 900
6 000 000
9 920
—
3 241 177
4 549 556
6 235 537
25 760 889
3 343 409
86 074 626
83 000
88 000
38 000
6 500 000
11 016
3 236
7 338 127
3 990 110
6 697 372
26 809 050
3 773 603
82 263 104
87 070
33 500
—
4 000 000
14 450
2 400
4 369 589
4 169 972
6 913 325
25 303 741
6 312 137
86 943 392
81 500
47 300
—
6 281 597
16 400
—
2 850 601
5 378 455
16 362 115
29 029 789
5 619 316
89 805 602
95 000
85 000
35 600
4 477 993
23 248
—
991 415
5 754 426
17 235 903
34 107 000
69 730
6 624
456 238
20 800
* 6 000
1 984 908
3 313
* 2 000
478 579
2 131 288
839
75 840
6 094
232 746
31 800
* 6 000
2 143 047
8 392
* 1 500
551 266
2 222 594
894
41 028
2 903
234 614
21 600
* 6 000
861 180
4 172
1 199
522 832
2 489 914
660
* 60 000
* 3 000
787 287
38 500
* 6 000
1 541 860
* 4 500
* 1 900
737 077
2 602 114
626
* 60 000
* 3 000
* 650 000
39 500
* 6 000
* 1 000 000
* 4 500
* 4 300
429 776
2 383 000
756
* 500 000
2 366 000
* 315 000
* 4 200
140 500
* 500 000
2 472 000
* 294 000
* 1 600
126 800
* 500 000
3 765 564
351 600
—
136 300
* 500 000
* 4 100 000
348 000
—
196 400
* 500 000
* 4 100 000
292 400
—
158 300
Note
(1) Turkey is also believed to produce diatomite, sulphur and wollastonite
127
Turkey
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Ores and concentrates
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Copper
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Diamond
Dust
Diatomite
Feldspar (a)
Gold
Metal
Waste and scrap
Graphite
Gypsum
Crude
Calcined
Iodine
Iron ore
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Kaolin
Lead
Ores and concentrates (c)
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Mercury
Mica
128
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
73 162
1 183 150
908 010
955 765
1 237 704
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
254 689
40 778
101 779
47 574
13 012
13 415
262 708
25 276
93 639
50 056
10 827
16 218
103 317
1 890
75 837
26 337
9 368
14 483
331 458
190 094
2 910
42 090
36 994
14 291
158 232
96
21 172
4 868
38 640
12 020
tonnes
819
1 000
1 408
2 765
2 977
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
990
115 039
22 237
685
123 485
244 177
—
121 744
250 082
3
175 497
307 891
1
144 238
319 189
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 539 287
4 323 666
124 395
2 558 779
11 010 951
150 785
3 856 403
16 356 895
245 770
2 792 332
15 842 398
415 763
2 472 979
11 750 755
315 159
tonnes
tonnes
1 265 036
7
1 816 427
122
1 748 194
2 667
2 256 387
184
2 161 001
1 930
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
1 694
2 224
11 819
1 043
55 510
13 980
194
1 715
6 253
717
37 319
4 554
5 210
802
43 942
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
36 046
6 219
8 920
5 594
251 958
34 910
9 670
6 869
356 922
4 505
16 426
2 237
421 536
2 106
12 426
6 764
257 914
2 845
5 124
10 135
Carats
tonnes
tonnes
466 500
34 424
* 4 300 000
3 494 000
40 370
* 4 600 000
1 000 025
39 267
* 2 500 000
1 253 750
37 432
* 3 400 000
7 702 486
28 104
* 3 500 000
kilograms
kilograms
tonnes
12 068
...
13
142 244
1 122
390
162 208
1 188
257
56 035
619
220
30 226
1 360
761
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
43 195
544 954
11 098
(b) 3 947
37 899
838 314
1 212
4 163
145 717
643 873
31 908
(b) 3 361
134 905
682 898
2 960
(b) 200 600
111 864
708 056
4 877
(b) 296 550
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
—
—
63 209
3 318
216
3 117
472
1 660 642
29 237
132 834
10 372
520
39 324
2 466
677
1 464
1 075
2 501 135
77 654
130 923
10 616
219
75 236
1 614
2 247
1 280
1 059
2 431 211
66 673
61 828
8 028
1 326
74 570
4 410
2 362
4 619
507
3 716 586
94 498
137 963
9 357
7 581
76 255
3 536
2 172
5 807
4 886
2 459 563
105 914
83 203
tonnes
34 715
52 988
35 973
64 247
65 917
tonnes
tonnes
40 414
181 870
68 054
175 441
35 097
162 651
24 213
209 633
37 902
238 620
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
13 007
20
...
—
81 280
401
22 885
840
59 183
81
89
570
51 731
4 952
2 156
601
100 172
12
10 890
1 039
Turkey
Exports continued
Commodity
Nickel
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (d)
Crude petroleum (a)
Natural gas
Platinum metals
Potash
Potassic fertilisers
Rare earths
Cerium compounds
Salt
Silver
Metal
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Talc
Tin
Unwrought (d)
Titanium
Metal
Oxides
Tungsten
Metal
Vanadium
Pentoxide
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
79
175 712
—
* 3 584 000
5 392
...
734
130 179
232
* 4 115 000
412 655
18
470
99 700
141
* 2 956 000
665 247
3 142
519
172 682
292
* 1 139 000
590 182
5 124
841
378 350
96
* 702 000
(a)* 653 000
2 765
tonnes
488
3 544
6 438
6 533
6 504
tonnes
tonnes
...
11 164
27
27 393
8
26 223
5
262 050
10
417 596
kilograms
10 700
20 897
170 009
144 942
202 886
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
7 091
15 376
1 742
21 289
17 259
1 636
6 495
14 769
1 712
279 822
21 068
2 865
56 143
7 949
2 711
tonnes
179
118
37
79
56
tonnes
tonnes
—
2 489
49
2 607
47
2 237
85
2 650
95
3 170
tonnes
33
99
213
139
237
tonnes
24
200
119
—
24
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
123 956
155
281
253 573
(d) 498
468
272 559
(d) 451
1 929
392 725
(d) 666
1 536
316 714
(d) 1 704
2 997
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Complex lead-zinc ore
(d) Including alloys
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine (a)
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
3 843
4 590
3 636
9 372
3 487
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
53 202
8 598
4 115
296 098
193 702
5 634
39 256
18 232
21 275
327 525
270 871
16 868
17 350
10 394
15 269
358 748
201 124
14 215
35 652
15 772
27 721
460 915
281 588
24 952
36 358
15 434
35 739
553 191
332 228
25 107
tonnes
tonnes
308
501
346
522
369
588
219
885
245
739
tonnes
63
71
74
55
10
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
2 518
741
10 541
585
455
9 806
—
507
1 827
—
342
1 641
—
2 863
1 915
tonnes
kilograms
14
28 424
21
6 761
15
6 497
11
8 373
16
11 462
129
Turkey
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Lignite
tonnes
Cobalt
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Copper
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Diamond
Gem
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude and calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
Iron ore
tonnes
Burnt pyrites
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
130
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 360 090
39 270
4 202
380 516
12 279
5 036
6 053
13 471
3 358
58 176
5 875
6 168
10 511
3 406
10 847
107 524
60
119 806
60
113 461
54
113 487
65
122 070
108
530 393
13 850 371
...
707 425
18 781 879
...
457 575
19 501 679
...
972 425
21 048 121
5 339
990 996
22 721 500
...
176
142
148
152
125
150
145
199
171
277
32
3 013
34 389
128 077
1 975
3 884
1 263
38 116
287 705
3 060
0
870
4 852
289 672
2 828
1 329
3 943
5 892
332 482
6 601
5
6 181
4 329
337 337
9 450
135 413
36 999
9 835 000
1 385
46 323
23 139
141 553
102 596
18 430 000
1 491
28 594
34 073
51 740
29 724
19 120 000
1 392
28 166
36 114
131 146
46 890
25 190 000
1 319
39 953
37 977
141 277
82 417
31 125 000
1 702
34 726
48 210
155 471
6 095
179 606
13 230
52 654
6 788
64 105
11 191
128 367
13 138
180 159
8 594
167 572
9 498
202 523
12 133
234 495
3 218
377 085
6 641
6 925 163
...
5 004 508
17 092
7 757 561
14 097
7 220 977
—
6 644 310
—
338 641
19 801
11 138
2 627
56 619
236 039
1 628
446
246
100 758
616
472
7 015
2 530
1 930 627
13 335 810
163 015
802 741
96 393
11 321
12 008
73 319
195 623
1 645
609
1 731
90 477
634
529
337
6 207
3 849 141
17 414 983
402 812
770 160
81 008
2 787
6 047
46 760
191 605
1 173
338
412
60 164
651
323
13
5 852
3 590 665
15 372 727
301 086
557 398
284 608
8 159
8 137
61 866
229 451
1 577
147
1 050
87 552
167
261
16
9 978
2 350 758
19 138 460
424 152
1 137 729
180 591
9 061
9 552
59 326
243 637
1 091
424
1 035
107 151
480
591
205
10 363
2 157 532
21 452 724
497 148
46 966
79 460
73 520
73 057
85 131
245
683
257
617
208
613
268
770
261
865
43 360
61 519
40 595
60 121
58 556
428
719
9
293
2 531
874
3 069
385
540
583
1 635
477
694
980
719
317
1 295
1 202
9 772
508
Turkey
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Metal
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought (b)
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Metal
tonnes
Zinc
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4
8
3
89
291
16
46
28
12
34
3 710
23 445 764
782 996
316
4 038
21 833 471
741 190
463
2 711
14 219 427
707 595
235
3 391
16 873 392
686 966
200
4 047
18 049 163
814 382
213
57 661
96 038
47
33 427
82 412
398
11 576
50 634
303
34 986
82 923
1 075
28 989
93 471
109
8
333
5
...
35 382
9
310
5
12
257 146
9
200
4
10
99 400
14
233
13
...
154 536
13
128
8
...
254 045
5 886
1 101
4 255
5 280
4 891
3 635
5 466
12 675
6 907
10 733
996 239
154 639
57 700
90 064
209 909
252
168 952
194
18 549
224
128 685
321
17 706
67
164 034
1 315
14 893
480
141 478
592
20 026
323
161 866
292
26 952
2 788
2 603
1 630
2 558
2 707
* 9 000
19
111 858
7 762
163
106 206
5 628
188
98 100
7 390
298
127 266
9 454
357
144 383
13
34
34
74
70
136 916
3 775
1 913
147 215
4 091
1 381
137 765
1 714
181
182 598
2 876
161
201 409
6 504
44
980
4 844
2 918
4 823
4 770
Notes
(a) May include some fluorine
(b) Including alloys
131
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Production
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock (a)
Primary aluminium
Barytes
Cement
Cement, clinker
Cement, finished (b)
Coal
Bituminous (c)
Crude steel
Feldspar (d)(e)
Fluorspar
Gold
Gypsum
Indium
Iron ore
Pig iron
Kaolin
Lead, mine (f)
Lead, refined
Nickel, smelter/refinery
Crude petroleum
Natural gas
Potash
Chloride
Salt
Silver, mine
Talc
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
93 236 000
148 534 000
364 595
53 000
85 473 000
127 996 000
326 900
43 000
66 226 000
104 626 000
252 000
36 000
61 700 000
94 203 000
186 000
34 099
63 113 000
101 928 000
213 000
31 000
tonnes
tonnes
10 227 000
11 887 000
9 478 000
10 071 000
6 420 000
7 623 000
6 598 000
7 882 000
7 096 000
8 529 000
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
kilograms
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes (metal content)
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
million m3
17 070 000
14 392 300
1 112
44 936
88
* 1 700 000
*5
* 300
10 959 800
1 671 426
* 300
263 391
34 050
70 357 000
76 970
18 053 000
13 520 500
430
36 801
163
* 1 700 000
*5
145
10 136 800
1 355 365
* 300
283 000
40 800
66 745 000
74 937
17 874 000
10 074 500
—
18 536
187
* 1 700 000
*5
—
7 671 100
1 059 848
243
301 865
17 800
64 001 000
63 022
18 417 000
9 708 000
—
26 420
177
* 1 700 000
*5
—
7 233 000
* 1 000 000
251
297 453
28 900
58 988 000
59 674
18 492 000
9 478 000
—
—
202
* 1 700 000
*5
—
6 625 000
* 1 000 000
280
274 055
36 300
63 498 000
47 790
tonnes (K2O content)
tonnes
kilograms (metal content)
tonnes
430 000
5 600 000
212
2 850
403 800
5 565 000
398
2 410
* 403 800
6 166 000
514
2 861
* 403 800
6 666 000
506
2 633
* 462 000
* 6 700 000
531
3 709
Notes
(1) United Kingdom is also believed to produce arsenic and sulphur
(2) In addition to the countries producing sillimanite minerals, production capacity for synthetic mullite is known to exist in the United
Kingdom, but output is believed to be zero
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Includes small quantities for other purposes in Northern Ireland
Great Britain only
Including anthracite
China stone
Including weathered granite feldspar
By-product of Pennine fluorspar operations and of gold mining in Northern Ireland.
Exports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate (a)
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Sepiolite
132
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
14 048 387
13 008 608
10 714 861
10 992 431
10 800 338
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
4 276
9 016
* 5 200
30 631
269 523
906 831
6 121
9 517
* 5 300
20 690
265 018
872 988
3 873
16 810
* 4 400
17 688
305 849
422 574
3 140
5 879
* 2 100
43 665
364 612
443 466
5 936
5 114
* 2 600
49 959
356 170
440 399
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21
379
9 242
35
558
9 976
75
407
13 095
77
490
17 851
57
290
15 648
tonnes
tonnes
47 122
186
43 261
226
34 622
130
41 323
...
38 478
...
United Kingdom
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Bismuth
Metal
tonnes
Bromine
kilograms
Cadmium
Metal
tonnes
Cement
Cement clinkers
tonnes
Portland cement
tonnes
Other cement
tonnes
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Coal
Anthracite
tonnes
Other coal
tonnes
Briquettes
tonnes
Cobalt
Oxides
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Copper
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought, unrefined
tonnes
Unwrought, refined
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-chrome and ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and Ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and Ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 588
1 469 781
905
1 015 304
941
497 246
427
780 704
1 038
1 472 523
76
54
25
2 545
1 441
28 432
459 629
88 452
15 071
230 920
93 122
4 708
92 628
51 359
5 500
134 223
56 781
15 531
121 537
62 333
178
6 777
—
6 501
32 507
5 058
297
7 441
168
8 017
123 549
419 193
27 591
165 473
742 582
52 605
119 472
391 414
68 226
89 701
615 067
89 125
97 014
502 581
117 025
689
2 300
798
2 614
891
2 572
1 267
1 780
820
1 739
346 361
786
8 489
18 142
358 981
3 066
4 850
17 822
429 467
205
14 059
11 839
421 868
185
8 863
12 782
513 394
194
17 951
16 872
5 307 857
84 573 134
477 463
4 754 029
104 552 775
1 238
40
589
3 388 395
66 479 817
795 612
6 121 081
122 681 695
903
82
187
4 090 534
43 775 775
257 202
4 440 922
105 427 105
533
369
303
3 689 202
51 769 860
283 435
2 478 568
113 451 535
1 650
38
412
2 735 369
41 541 219
1 292 162
3 864 054
42 269 921
797
34
590
224 598
282 298
3 065
600 018
272 339
3 156
96 231
533 182
2 271
293 153
496 924
2 981
775 261
272 597
3 660
1 248
57 988
368 785
(b) 5 491
1 493
48 340
174 965
(b) 7 821
1 978
32 551
121 370
32 579
3 330
24 552
393 005
(b) 5 256
3 428
25 504
234 182
(b) 179 709
15 892
4 969
41 841
...
2 973
35
917
1 136
7
11 823
52
49
33
2 314
19 515
8
96
2 917
11 325
3 514 850
6 013 907
2 499 011
2 523
2 794
40 986
...
1 385
9
976
1 210
49
11 283
81
58
45
3 250
18 557
31
79
3 981
15 132
3 348 794
6 616 708
1 955 020
27 765
3 103
28 899
...
1 524
50
458
963
65
7 634
18
52
312
3 338
13 098
1
64
1 373
7 753
2 118 701
6 007 656
1 393 939
4 339
2 938
45 314
...
2 425
22
366
8 361
52
11 248
15
224
667
2 958
15 197
4
24
3 774
2 901
1 137 160
7 507 853
1 722 335
2 074
3 775
43 918
1 853
2 217
364
338
819
132
12 948
49
179
766
6 594
17 662
3
52
2 158
3 662
668 885
7 744 411
2 315 560
133
United Kingdom
Exports continued
Commodity
Units
Lead
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Metal (a)
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Nickel
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (c)
tonnes
Platinum metals
Palladium
kilograms
Platinum
kilograms
Other Platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Chloride (a)
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur, crude
tonnes
Sulphur, refined
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Concentrates
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Vanadium
Pentoxide
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
134
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
68 152
39 246
31 942
79 520
57 466
47 660
126 743
54 505
56 055
105 235
62 406
69 404
144 877
4 820
74 789
92
158
232
216
569
193
144
123
7
50
51
16 371
316
13 647
518
9 662
470
14 497
745
28 042
* 2 100
4 311
3 820
* 3 200
6 369
4 749
* 2 200
178 571
3 944
* 2 000
9 321
4 137
* 2 100
5 368
...
78
237
64
241
35
433
305
572
3
403
16 872
24 147
4 375
47 058 702
9 361 445
18 229
26 235
4 378
43 354 245
9 543 217
12 693
15 834
4 753
43 550 953
11 160 939
19 361
18 639
4 530
41 591 305
14 461 473
17 405
28 994
6 025
34 304 184
15 239 637
56 994
52 789
23 731
3 793 637
47 142
40 630
22 548
4 278 682
53 091
43 177
20 044
4 273 222
42 864
24 464
23 021
527 862
50 917
37 836
17 319
287 198
* 220 600
399
* 244 300
562
* 205 600
228
* 339 000
420
* 429 000
5 283
143
37
1 089
80
514 868
2 430
237
73
622
7
873 708
2 076
54
105
459
6
449 303
1 414
46
182
614
37
450 246
1 378
272
149
347
48
489 633
1 761
1 627
2 317 951
5 050 634
192
6 071 009
5 447 491
1 338
943 522
8 412 093
2 035
2 579 909
5 160 290
206
3 937 294
11 649 846
8 207
15 268
624
2 389
13 182
27 872
1 144
3 129
2 545
38 723
1 902
2 402
41 491
1 198
1 349
3 074
101 964
3 686
2 151
3 171
77
55
72
191
97
373
4 085
696
27 329
254
1 264
532
19 110
61
928
537
22 597
163
1 856
389
13 115
58
1 797
545
4 414
12 934
212 068
11 155
222 503
9 555
203 873
12 060
208 518
11 926
223 190
36
2 444
303
21
1 625
51
3
1 541
80
29
1 650
41
35
2 135
597
697
2 182
589
2
487
18
694
23
6
...
United Kingdom
Exports continued
Commodity
Zinc
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Zirconium
Concentrates
Metal
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
82
5 932
33 799
7 543
246
3 883
28 408
5 699
11 418
3 600
13 578
6 030
8 405
3 580
14 561
14 903
9 714
2 724
12 737
12 545
tonnes
tonnes
1 096
54
716
61
742
19
1 405
90
1 661
102
Notes
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Including burnt pyrites
(c) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh using 85.985 tonnes of oil equivalent to 1 GWh. Source: Department of Energy and
Climate Change
Imports
Commodity
Primary aggregates
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Antimony
Metal
Oxide
Arsenic
Metallic arsenic
Asbestos
Unmanufactured
Barytes
Bentonite and fuller’s earth
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Bismuth
Metal
Bromine
Cadmium
Metal
Oxide
Cement
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Chromium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Coal
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Cobalt
Ore
Metal
Oxides
Copper
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Units
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
tonnes
2 806 448
2 631 986
2 054 272
2 239 950
2 062 760
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
48 741
787 218
112 287
201 262
93 145
158 827
57 971
705 033
110 503
160 797
93 210
145 819
37 461
352 250
98 516
304 621
43 601
117 651
41 650
229 158
87 278
138 975
62 686
126 584
41 497
110 265
90 065
201 428
62 784
109 122
tonnes
tonnes
110
1 917
98
2 454
88
1 548
45
2 598
121
1 785
tonnes
70
52
60
7
5
tonnes
tonnes
187
84 617
...
56 794
11
61 308
—
89 474
...
99 872
tonnes
tonnes
157 388
282 733
205 853
227 453
140 301
70 651
141 849
...
200 332
...
tonnes
kilograms
1 908
5 266 339
1 582
5 903 423
310
6 534 300
366
5 787 829
411
9 485 963
tonnes
tonnes
276
438
212
386
246
181
470
309
542
281
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
836 788
1 534 683
26 215
366 791
1 731 228
28 324
206 857
1 718 146
30 815
201 308
1 759 841
92 031
208 595
1 746 862
100 453
tonnes
tonnes
103 551
2 134
117 715
3 099
33 867
2 904
7 084
3 007
10 572
2 346
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
135 941
43 024 560
6 501
213 318
43 038 043
14 131
207 327
36 553 574
9 021
187 246
23 227 529
11 169
193 474
31 627 894
21 142
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
0
5 422
180
72
5 395
138
200
3 928
168
143
5 963
198
124
6 093
256
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
21 852
7 401
46 820
6 202
21 132
5 529
47 716
5 721
18 549
3 034
45 249
4 066
27 495
2 039
40 708
5 688
29 010
1 267
34 627
5 498
135
United Kingdom
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Diamond
Unsorted
Carats
Gem, rough
Carats
Gem, cut
Carats
Industrial
Carats
Dust
Carats
Diatomite
tonnes
Feldspar
tonnes
Fluorspar
tonnes
Gold
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Graphite
tonnes
Gypsum
Crude
tonnes
Calcined
tonnes
Iodine
kilograms
Iron ore
Iron ore
tonnes
Burnt pyrites
tonnes
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Pig iron
tonnes
Sponge and powder
tonnes
Ferro-alloys
tonnes
Ferro-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-chrome
tonnes
Ferro-silico-magnesium
tonnes
Ferro-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-silico-manganese
tonnes
Ferro-molybdenum
tonnes
Ferro-nickel
tonnes
Ferro-niobium
tonnes
Ferro-phosphorus
tonnes
Ferro-silicon
tonnes
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
tonnes
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten tonnes
Ferro-vanadium
tonnes
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes
Silicon metal
tonnes
Ingots, blooms, billets
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Kaolin
tonnes
Lead
Unwrought, base bullion (a)
tonnes
Unwrought, other
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Lithium
Oxides
tonnes
Carbonate
tonnes
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
tonnes
Magnesia
tonnes
Manganese
Ores and concentrates (b)
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Mercury
kilograms
Mica
Unmanufactured
tonnes
Ground
tonnes
Waste
tonnes
Molybdenum
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
136
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13 661 786
81 195 314
973 433
7 524 168
198 484 150
24 224
26 751
3 875
10 283 610
59 534 653
1 343 330
5 127 610
187 268 975
23 084
18 899
8 429
8 348 854
44 064 081
868 406
3 321 670
88 148 090
22 014
9 299
6 436
8 703 907
40 559 260
761 455
7 299 364
111 136 020
18 649
17 584
1 294
8 484 526
38 472 604
18 292 931
10 236 376
32 411 894
20 042
16 750
45 327
649 163
17 046
17 225
914 000
43 143
14 309
1 166 948
213 440
7 850
800 602
65 833
6 989
1 012 882
71 449
6 869
196 613
52 678
1 225 368
140 783
88 766
1 106 864
396 138
60 337
1 075 328
216 605
54 209
1 253 806
539 327
46 526
1 426 239
17 435 472
131 230
15 282 786
693
9 185 919
232
10 597 085
—
9 175 254
598
89 863
11 766
298 803
46 975
1 242
2 303
100 694
56 036
515
14 960
1 490
2 070
66 838
1 677
33
755
3 215
25 787
849 803
204 100
73 014
61 657
27 003
314 921
79 692
128
1 614
96 461
52 966
369
16 520
1 189
2 473
59 438
1 290
27
543
2 210
56 807
679 019
228 294
79 546
19 703
17 483
160 285
34 884
26
512
49 700
37 114
325
2 777
686
282
31 091
396
26
209
2 270
68 109
212 829
213 818
77 504
41 959
97 745
208 817
58 398
9
931
46 985
49 280
322
6 284
859
836
43 703
274
48
340
547
99 651
714 541
270 986
95 865
69 095
147 870
225 819
70 191
362
1 328
39 159
51 928
573
13 888
395
1 134
45 918
187
44
368
344
101 005
1 185 242
423 744
204 792
119 726
31 180
7
17 685
194 113
19 569
19 924
4 621
130 312
15 479
1 798
4 962
151 653
14 359
787
8 858
127 691
18 601
1 287
4 792
614
779
466
536
914
622
218
427
215
376
10 194
57 905
7 016
59 300
3 567
43 873
8 640
49 076
7 903
52 263
1 569
7 021
2 668
4 133
8 773
2 387
941
4 123
1 121
1 517
6 619
22 065
1 656
5 444
425
289
6 705
3 433
377
7 061
2 030
328
6 396
49
43
7 341
902
243
7 926
0
18 381
1 390
513
15 130
2 102
1 433
9 007
707
510
12 581
1 099
1 638
15 844
1 415
2 316
United Kingdom
Imports continued
Commodity
Units
Nickel
Mattes, sinters etc
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Crude petroleum
tonnes
Natural gas (c)
tonnes
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Platinum metals
Platinum
kilograms
Palladium
kilograms
Other platinum metals
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Potash
Sulphate
tonnes
Chloride
tonnes
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
Rare earths
Metals
tonnes
Cerium compounds
tonnes
Other rare earth compounds
tonnes
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys tonnes
Salt
tonnes
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Mullite
tonnes
Silver
Ores and concentrates
kilograms
Metal
kilograms
Waste and scrap
kilograms
Sulphur and pyrites
Pyrites
tonnes
Sulphur, crude
tonnes
Sulphur, refined
tonnes
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
Talc
tonnes
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum
tonnes
Tin
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Scrap
tonnes
Titanium
Titanium minerals
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Oxides
tonnes
Titanium slag
tonnes
Tungsten
Ores and concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Carbide
tonnes
Vanadium
Pentoxide
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
Zinc
Unwrought
tonnes
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
Zirconium
Concentrates
tonnes
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
62 637
10 376
21 044
2 947
44 129 689
27 836 698
23 052
63 553
10 291
16 888
3 210
52 103 843
33 996 147
28 971
25 929
9 593
8 003
3 596
50 656 965
38 563 499
5 600
50 263
8 154
14 200
3 310
50 447 008
49 981 718
9 873
58 519
6 741
12 707
4 644
53 647 056
49 695 891
15 885
26 015
42 395
6 507
1 456 413
29 943
32 806
5 409
1 416 905
30 339
36 652
6 713
1 100 117
58 659
73 184
9 487
819 769
46 092
42 167
7 768
1 556 736
16 166
202 623
10 813
15 157
165 331
11 919
15 766
80 842
10 422
15 766
270 096
10 565
13 232
153 141
2 373
88
2 167
664
77
237 772
133
2 067
251
57
237 288
99
612
103
148
410 434
119
1 119
322
150
1 288 253
79
1 713
629
79
1 814 865
10 239
12 036
11 920
6 488
7 763
5 255
7 419
8 276
12 485
3 491
8 283
3 635 563
3 049 452
8 332
3 943 638
4 222 712
1 106
6 649 190
3 311 165
9 737
3 278 015
4 137 096
1 209
3 686 011
13 713 610
105
5 101
8 577
1 073
54 812
704
64
9 574
1 186
53 864
104
74
6 211
473
39 520
2 581
274
10 201
767
50 309
1 734
590
10 391
691
53 339
96
161
145
284
176
13 630
525
452
7 181
400
448
4 522
370
121
4 327
365
196
4 186
396
121
181 836
30 905
67 727
151 494
194 756
32 305
51 822
158 195
112 091
23 178
48 931
127 224
90 622
20 681
52 957
187 913
32 127
69 844
53 093
...
2
2 925
1 409
11
1 865
1 023
35
1 477
614
2
1 676
1 111
25
1 999
3 622
425
583
344
314
84
112
5
197
17
...
122 458
13 201
119 911
8 524
84 594
1 869
97 066
2 973
85 516
9 306
11 007
446
13 092
521
6 386
203
8 450
411
14 709
616
Notes
(a) Includes a substantial precious metal content, mainly silver
(b) Including manganiferous Iron ore
(c) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh using 85.985 GWh to 1 tonne of oil equivalent. Source: Department of Energy and Climate
Change
137
STATISTICAL INFORMATION BY COMMODITY
Aggregates
Primary aggregates
Primary aggregates are sand, gravel and crushed rock aggregates that are widely used in the construction industry. The trade data
presented here are for crushed rock combined with sand and gravel.
Aggregates data are very difficult to establish accurately. There are frequent inconsistencies in the way countries report aggregates
production and trade. Different definitions for similar materials are commonplace, and many countries do not require production to be
reported from quarries that have less than a certain number of employees.
Aggregates are used primarily by the construction industry to build and maintain the physical infrastructure on which everyone depends:
houses, offices, roads, schools, hospitals, railways, shops, flood defences, etc Aggregates are either used directly, for example for drainage
or fill purposes, or are used to manufacture concrete and asphalt.
EU35 Production of aggregates 2011
Austria 2.3%
United Kingdom 6.4% Belgium 2.1%
Switzerland 1.7%
Czech Republic 2.3%
Finland 2.6%
Sweden 3.1%
Spain 10.0%
France 14.1%
Portugal 2.3%
Poland 8.9%
Germany 18.4%
Others 5.8%
Norway 2.8%
Netherlands 1.6%
Italy 9.5%
Greece 1.7%
Hungary 2.1%
Ireland 2.1%
Production of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock)
Country
Austria
Sand and gravel (a)
Crushed rock (a)
Belgium
Sand and gravel (b)(c)
Crushed rock (b)(d)
Bulgaria
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Croatia
Sand and gravel
Cyprus
Crushed rock
Czech Republic
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Denmark
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Estonia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Finland
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
140
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
29 230 545
25 248 136
32 440 624
33 867 686
30 238 150
29 784 794
30 182 855
24 399 380
35 507 353
26 866 150
* 8 600 000
* 43 000 000
* 8 600 000
* 42 000 000
* 8 000 000
* 43 000 000
* 8 000 000
* 44 000 000
* 8 000 000
* 44 000 000
17 607 212
12 199 339
19 697 937
21 094 047
12 882 651
15 667 880
5 199 000
16 876 900
10 134 216
16 851 576
...
7 275 077
6 583 880
3 646 572
5 012 106
13 129 470
14 174 480
11 467 987
12 981 444
11 816 397
28 233 000
43 214 000
27 306 000
44 277 000
23 974 000
41 307 000
19 240 000
37 270 000
21 424 000
36 717 000
6 575 651
834 988
4 637 319
936 616
1 772 956
760 536
2 041 135
640 742
1 398 101
541 931
6 531 740
8 855 800
3 635 700
7 945 900
3 911 980
6 034 500
3 524 400
5 752 600
3 755 240
6 900 900
59 000 000
54 000 000
25 000 000
60 000 000
16 000 000
47 000 000
* 16 000 000
* 48 000 000
* 16 000 000
* 48 000 000
Aggregates
tonnes
Production continued
Country
France
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Germany
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Greece
Hungary
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Ireland, Republic of
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Italy
Sand and gravel (a)
Crushed rock (a)
Latvia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Lithuania
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Montenegro
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Netherlands
Sand and gravel
Norway
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Poland
Sand and gravel (e)
Crushed rock
Portugal
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Romania
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Slovakia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Slovenia
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Spain
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Sweden
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
Switzerland
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock
United Kingdom
Sand and gravel
Crushed rock (f)
EU35 Total
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
180 450 000
242 950 000
171 610 000
236 770 000
146 290 000
209 440 000
141 290 000
201 860 000
152 390 000
205 220 000
263 300 000
215 000 000
* 90 000 000
260 000 000
215 000 000
* 85 000 000
245 000 000
217 000 000
* 65 000 000
239 000 000
208 000 000
* 42 250 000
253 000 000
229 000 000
* 27 462 500
34 815 891
13 046 962
36 647 400
17 030 760
35 591 131
15 808 088
35 400 000
15 800 000
24 971 140
11 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 90 000 000
* 25 000 000
* 60 000 000
* 15 000 000
* 50 000 000
10 000 000
40 000 000
7 000 000
25 000 000
170 071 749
97 463 072
174 779 712
91 373 378
164 218 753
84 717 579
150 996 352
80 336 696
164 844 967
76 793 269
9 998 863
937 030
8 905 937
1 413 395
6 520 363
818 390
5 890 950
1 375 197
7 600 317
2 050 976
9 181 552
6 424 791
9 469 411
6 913 160
5 029 476
2 849 122
5 655 401
3 281 330
5 776 850
4 456 089
132 662
355 416
234 210
462 331
118 989
186 221
79 227
328 939
76 347
167 405
69 437 000
67 622 000
47 000 000
40 000 000
* 40 000 000
14 855 000
51 533 000
14 817 000
52 338 000
13 047 000
51 378 000
13 011 000
54 134 000
13 215 000
63 855 000
* 139 388 000
46 854 829
* 149 312 000
39 465 558
* 141 114 000
52 217 696
* 157 236 000
58 203 700
* 176 000 000
83 037 600
10 664 828
60 556 329
10 182 146
58 283 117
9 190 603
55 263 772
7 500 000
49 191 754
* 7 000 000
* 46 000 000
26 276 857
5 905 842
31 377 110
4 635 010
23 199 337
4 718 854
22 085 231
3 774 309
25 424 330
6 269 228
6 470 725
13 338 000
7 517 655
16 345 800
6 919 826
15 233 400
6 931 873
14 909 400
6 020 641
9 855 157
21 548 000
14 279 253
19 171 000
14 982 560
15 720 000
13 609 728
12 965 000
12 072 532
* 10 690 653
9 626 791
143 000 000
280 000 000
118 000 000
214 000 000
96 000 000
160 000 000
72 000 000
170 000 000
* 52 000 000
* 130 000 000
20 036 785
64 047 058
18 804 343
66 757 671
14 400 000
57 500 000
* 17 000 000
* 57 000 000
* 17 000 000
* 57 000 000
* 50 000 000
* 5 700 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 37 000 000
* 5 000 000
* 40 000 000
* 5 000 000
93 236 000
148 534 000
85 473 000
127 996 000
66 226 000
104 626 000
61 700 000
94 203 000
63 113 000
101 928 000
3 106 049 375
2 912 578 050
2 551 338 642
2 425 216 919
2 452 770 230
Notes on next page.
141
Aggregates
Notes
(1) So far as possible, these production statistics include construction sand; gravel, pebbles, shingle and flint; crushed stone
used for concrete aggregates, roadstone and other construction uses; granules, chippings and powders
(2) Where official sources show more than one series for aggregates the higher series has generally been used in this compilation
(3) Where marine sands and gravels have been identified, these are included
(4) Information may be incomplete or absent due to reporting methods, confidentiality or lack of available information. All EU35
countries produce sand and gravel and crushed rock
(5) Production from many small operations are not officially compiled. The minimum number of employees for which establishments
are required to report production varies between different countries and can also vary from year to year within a country
(6) Quantities of sand from sand and gravel operations may be discarded due to low demand. This may or may not be
included in the statistics
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Sales
Deliveries
Includes construction sand and silica sand. Excludes gravel
Includes gravel
Includes an estimate for small producers
Includes small quantities for other purposes in Northern Ireland
EU35 Production of aggregates 2007 - 11
3,500
3,000
Million tonnes
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock)
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
142
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 394 988
15 588 032
330 088
3 334 229
148 994
716 787
1 194 349
573 530
837 957
8 383 027
29 024 954
49 781
1 889 989
35 965
85 146
1 482 346
32 783
1 053 802
191 762
3 130 358
15 097 819
268 120
2 950 159
124 576
699 987
846 490
701 067
850 685
8 565 175
29 470 321
50 453
1 382 695
41 024
255 295
1 522 229
54 321
943 673
451 026
2 634 211
13 354 957
76 129
3 087 216
38 469
597 101
955 036
503 048
645 609
7 586 323
27 973 749
59 216
1 294 700
29 712
40 626
1 308 016
121 260
163 850
132 842
2 828 621
12 427 043
262 166
1 858 348
—
683 786
907 149
810 298
1 396 025
8 142 237
25 337 558
60 851
1 191 521
44 512
13 318
1 507 704
101 406
57 255
160 773
2 646 753
13 083 592
325 857
992 712
2
1 010 339
961 853
745 353
2 020 822
7 226 413
29 162 240
76 495
1 137 425
85 854
16 005
1 071 579
59 930
139 291
161 019
Aggregates
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia (a)
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
257 653
9 185 884
16 183 927
1 378 634
120 914
111 803
154 979
* 744 000
437 208
2 042 075
2 307 614
486 288
73 162
14 048 387
151 614
9 339 355
16 683 638
1 237 976
44 174
60 190
323 034
* 1 388 000
402 033
1 478 362
3 049 601
202 846
1 183 150
13 008 608
127 600
7 140 000
13 843 722
902 193
101 421
160 241
334 517
* 768 000
451 012
1 060 445
1 867 320
194 006
908 010
10 714 861
112 522
9 311 275
16 877 617
1 031 013
67 505
360 161
127 309
* 598 000
488 256
1 153 923
2 248 515
193 312
955 765
10 992 431
32 451
15 472 833
20 858 955
1 058 307
120 946
255 970
497 637
* 615 008
426 686
1 306 103
1 624 154
188 183
1 237 704
10 800 338
Notes
(1) The figures in this table include construction sands; pebbles, gravel shingle, flint; crushed rock; granules, chippings and powders
covered by Harmonised System codes 2505.90, 2517.10, 2517.41 and 2517.49
(2) Exports include marine dredged sand and gravel landed at foreign ports
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock)
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 961 223
21 959 821
41 782
4 583 241
15 497
252 049
3 077 714
929 218
326 347
11 381 954
11 913 688
341 376
455 416
47 334
1 729 337
4 967 745
1 663 783
1 333 772
1 850 515
1 331
29 929
50 573
26 662 441
72 906
5 566 874
731 709
352 576
12 978
633 400
3 113 823
1 396 928
1 068 840
7 371 907
3 843
2 806 448
3 447 013
25 172 064
41 256
4 618 579
28 990
333 726
3 346 209
988 981
280 600
11 214 300
13 369 162
425 485
806 281
30 405
1 368 008
4 139 144
2 033 701
1 301 091
1 370 991
1 163
25 817
74 112
26 922 364
80 161
5 868 908
194 088
351 123
17 616
755 496
1 424 240
1 035 555
864 988
7 256 472
4 590
2 631 986
2 924 359
22 175 332
22 189
1 871 236
11 564
398 613
2 932 586
1 006 376
330 108
10 907 837
12 866 444
177 887
446 187
4 846
781 470
3 654 570
565 877
695 973
1 757 604
894
47 363
44 639
* 25 007 000
66 884
5 349 230
175 576
205 133
12 664
692 609
1 165 083
889 156
355 022
7 246 506
3 636
2 054 272
2 284 169
22 484 726
14 843
926 574
2 648
353 419
2 777 604
1 395 122
284 066
9 838 820
11 936 108
13 538
473 730
6 492
652 594
3 057 378
467 414
849 462
2 097 069
974
37 324
26 703
26 065 573
82 706
5 014 564
224 514
248 484
15 910
666 380
771 814
982 128
533 148
8 010 059
9 372
2 239 950
2 184 095
23 911 051
15 075
1 366 197
1 517
357 455
3 531 658
1 302 589
52 920
11 224 302
13 786 596
16 892
369 445
7 524
695 162
2 135 306
611 872
1 046 066
2 211 572
1 180
28 813
12 452
28 239 777
98 721
9 022 494
255 625
370 249
8 759
527 259
486 627
677 289
802 173
8 566 572
3 487
2 062 760
Note
(1) The figures in this table include construction sands; pebbles, gravel shingle, flint; crushed rock; granules, chippings and powders
covered by Harmonised System codes 2505.90, 2517.10, 2517.41 and 2517.49
143
Aggregates
Aggregates - EU35 trade in 2011
Netherlands
Belgium
Germany
France
Poland
Switzerland
Denmark
Luxembourg
Austria
Italy
United Kingdom
Croatia
Estonia
Lithuania
Sweden
Ireland, Republic of
Spain
Latvia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Romania
Hungary
Czech Republic
Portugal
Norway
Finland
Greece
Bulgaria
Montenegro
Serbia
Iceland
Turkey
Cyprus
Exports
Imports
-30
-20
-10
0
Million tonnes
144
10
20
30
Aluminium and bauxite
Bauxite
Bauxite is the only source of aluminium that is currently mined and it is formed by deep chemical weathering of rocks in tropical to subtropical climates.
The chief use of bauxite is as a raw material for the production of alumina (aluminium oxide) the majority of which is converted to aluminium
metal by electrolysis. Approximately ten per cent of bauxite is non-metallurgical grade and most of this is calcined for use in the abrasive or
refractory markets.
Australia was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 28 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Indonesia (17 per
cent), followed by China (15 per cent), Brazil (14 per cent) and Guinea (seven per cent).
EU35 Production of bauxite 2011
Hungary 8.3%
Montenegro 4.7%
Turkey 17.9%
Rest of World 98.5%
EU35 1.4%
Greece 69.2%
Production of bauxite
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
France
Greece
Hungary
Montenegro
Turkey
160 000
2 125 900
546 310
667 053
863 404
*—
2 174 000
511 337
671 811
818 928
*—
1 935 000
317 000
45 779
406 700
*—
1 902 000
365 000
61 205
855 000
*—
2 324 000
277 800
158 614
* 600 000
EU35 Total
4 362 667
4 176 076
2 704 479
3 183 205
3 360 414
Note
(1) This table includes production of refractory bauxite
EU35 Production of bauxite 2007 - 2011
5,000
4,500
Thousand tonnes
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
145
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina
Alumina (aluminium oxide) is an intermediate product in the manufacture of aluminium metal from raw bauxite ore. Alumina hydrate is a form
of alumina containing combined water and is used in the paper, petroleum, paint and other industries.
China was the world’s largest producer of alumina in 2011, with 42 per cent of the total world output. Australia was the second largest
(23 per cent) followed by USA, India (five per cent each) and Russia (three per cent).
EU35 Production of alumina 2011
Romania 8.1%
Spain 21.8%
Rest of World 92.7%
Ireland 32.3%
EU35 7.3%
France 7.9%
Hungary 4.2%
Greece 8.8%
Germany 16.8%
Production of alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Montenegro
Romania
Spain
Turkey
* 600 000
* 900 000
512 785
* 301 000
1 800 000
1 100 000
240 186
22 830
1 300 000
163 435
630 000
* 1 000 000
524 875
* 299 000
1 890 000
1 045 000
220 426
344
1 300 000
* 160 000
348 000
1 154 000
517 400
* 185 000
1 240 000
92 000
58 528
44 000
* 1 300 000
* 100 000
481 000
* 1 000 000
510 250
* 214 000
1 864 000
—
—
414 000
* 1 300 000
* 160 000
470 000
* 1 000 000
526 305
* 250 000
1 922 000
—
—
484 000
* 1 300 000
* 100 000
EU35 Total
6 940 236
7 069 645
5 038 928
5 943 250
6 052 305
Notes
(1) Where possible, figures in this table show the alumina equivalent (Al2O3) of total hydrate produced, whether or not calcined
(2) The figures in this table represent alumina produced from bauxite. Alumina-rich materials can also be derived from salt slags formed
during the production of secondary aluminium
EU35 Production of alumina 2007 - 2011
8,000
Thousand tonnes
Al2O3 content
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007
146
2008
2009
2010
2011
Aluminium and bauxite
Aluminium metal
Aluminium is a strong, lightweight metallic element that has many applications. The chief uses are in transportation, packaging and
construction.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 40 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (nine per cent),
followed by Canada (seven per cent), USA and Norway (with four per cent each).
EU35 Production of primary aluminium 2011
Norway 36.4%
Others 6.2%
Romania 4.8%
Rest of World 88.0%
Slovakia 3.0%
Spain 6.2%
EU35 12.0%
United Kingdom 3.9%
Netherlands 5.5%
France 6.1%
Italy 2.6%
Germany 7.9%
Iceland 14.3%
Greece 3.0%
Production of primary aluminium
Country
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
430 159
551 000
167 937
446 297
179 500
135 151
296 900
1 362 000
43 000
283 449
160 461
111 016
405 100
99 842
63 400
364 595
389 000
605 880
162 339
761 204
186 400
111 513
317 000
1 368 000
31 000
288 156
162 995
83 300
405 800
81 913
61 100
326 900
345 000
291 750
134 737
804 605
165 800
63 960
306 000
1 090 000
—
228 630
149 604
35 148
334 600
69 708
30 000
252 000
356 000
402 480
137 000
825 803
129 500
82 043
* 300 000
1 400 000
—
241 000
163 000
40 177
335 000
93 000
54 100
186 000
334 000
432 472
165 150
780 853
141 900
92 838
* 300 000
1 982 000
—
261 000
162 840
75 300
335 000
111 000
56 400
213 000
EU35 Total
5 099 807
5 342 500
4 301 542
4 745 103
5 443 753
Note
(1) The figures in this table are for primary aluminium only. Aluminium can also be produced from secondary sources and may be
recovered from salt slags
147
Aluminium and bauxite
EU35 Production of primary aluminium 2007 - 2011
Thousand tonnes
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of bauxite, alumina and aluminium
Country
Austria
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Belgium
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Croatia
Scrap
Cyprus
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Denmark
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Finland
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
France
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
148
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
8 294
111 571
91 960
4 120
109 757
90 825
2 332
98 966
118 028
3 236
151 559
122 057
2 344
209 748
105 138
75 904
13 629
164 800
37 009
188 642
53 444
4 858
160 684
32 273
179 137
44 530
5 666
121 708
22 665
219 846
48 683
7 516
257 888
14 204
274 819
37 533
21 284
150 542
30 285
321 484
10 290
23 577
8 931
18 478
2 775
20 577
6 798
31 728
7 555
26 302
20 886
17 769
15 779
22 346
23 009
4 745
4 409
5 934
6 896
6 310
54 457
61 067
53 682
59 196
59 913
49 251
51 307
71 467
53 600
89 690
5 471
36 831
50 164
5 300
32 499
56 727
4 002
7 505
70 649
4 661
9 515
73 402
4 958
7 382
67 000
8 083
10 379
27 839
19 895
8 357
6 958
4 132
65 948
52
63 880
12 924
38 364
14 239
37 345
8 939
34 910
15 346
33 304
11 289
38 862
26 661
276 207
146 531
45 503
136 803
380 708
12 295
319 388
130 881
46 364
139 176
344 436
9 296
178 570
100 293
91 682
125 580
345 372
12 116
270 769
131 035
51 275
166 807
405 847
13 594
281 634
83 054
71 970
130 384
425 541
Aluminium and bauxite
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Germany
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Iceland
Unwrought
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Italy
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Lithuania
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Luxembourg
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Macedonia
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Montenegro
Bauxite
Unwrought
Scrap
Netherlands
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Poland
Bauxite
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
36 361
282 245
672 561
61 090
361 917
770 042
33 636
305 514
634 635
75 386
359 628
702 739
16 591
382 750
461 601
67 356
288 023
753 218
26 178
424 236
551 817
111 815
361 396
823 810
26 306
372 191
485 074
83 675
374 917
947 252
1 086 405
715 003
21 716
27 195
67 732
13 566
787 160
412 385
29 552
26 083
64 998
13 261
409 508
412 888
74 996
17 533
57 668
14 681
436 513
224 607
99 574
20 727
68 924
32 250
519 999
202 986
102 136
19 668
103 326
27 738
178 984
98 187
27 580
29 228
168 347
102 652
10 981
22 098
89 857
88 515
26 176
35 060
112 819
92 011
41 719
51 508
107 937
71 834
38 819
66 599
446 297
3 872
760 764
12 483
805 450
4 467
812 981
10 136
765 999
6 397
11 167
1 652 967
10 011
5 425
22 397
1 438
1 709 302
88 039
3 711
21 041
2 619
895 034
95 548
2 455
18 257
1
1 542 563
124 803
2 576
22 810
—
1 794 148
103 631
3 109
29 261
49 989
696 603
34 521
18 971
104 361
42 052
26 718
571 090
35 538
18 249
96 798
56 214
4 585
61 223
1 243
30 019
122 294
82 055
66 218
17 056
4 346
49 442
220 237
107 131
46 330
16 821
7 023
25 882
286 525
102 696
19 281
2 416
17 012
4 203
11 772
4 419
14 493
5 461
21 793
4 414
3 453
5 701
3 994
5 280
2 614
4 796
7 754
5 298
7 534
8 952
231 110
19 630
143 237
11 164
85 636
3 785
157 473
6 034
151 330
6 051
1 795
2 043
1 514
2 351
2 432
1 136
1 441
1 361
1 865
1 788
101 182
(a) 122 144
1 607
101 182
(a) 92 372
2 692
17 122
(a) 82 877
1 570
85 623
(a) 76 891
2 045
127 268
108 813
2 357
41 170
542 794
151 641
490 373
341 670
317 877
129 186
257 169
85 713
332 871
361 012
264 142
* 59 000
62 131
65 279
218 141
191 239
200 650
26 997
8 665
76 244
424 733
320 263
317 038
12 739
43 695
89 612
390 062
246 826
322 834
113 285
1 496 556
41 296
105 729
1 484 854
41 476
106 593
1 249 830
80 729
74 941
1 420 662
77 216
58 478
1 370 411
88 312
596
78 187
113 649
536
82 242
123 468
833
66 065
102 757
448
103 803
123 503
8 546
111 421
130 472
149
Aluminium and bauxite
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Portugal
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Romania
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Serbia
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovakia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Slovenia
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Spain
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Turkey
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
United Kingdom
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate (b)
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
130 636
41 603
127 150
40 020
90 869
32 481
102 856
51 888
59 056
45 775
5 191
23 193
9 080
14 332
0
61 638
6 690
16 021
99
50 496
5 898
20 775
25 559
10 312
51 556
17 733
38 406
14 004
70 697
12 801
7 008
1 267
13 213
11 342
7 387
10 972
17 602
13 574
15 353
22 248
61 319
118 286
10 421
44 845
129 771
10 109
77 013
110 484
9 441
44 989
111 769
10 260
40 011
118 485
14 044
8 013
243 062
123 041
30 132
450
258 238
88 038
26 863
2 537
242 215
61 800
23 382
6 665
239 729
78 619
33 972
5 738
161 747
95 251
39 961
6 057
539 739
199 679
15 999
125 008
34 520
5 623
671 009
236 855
39 359
123 577
109 493
4 951
612 933
163 303
19 816
230 539
46 307
3 628
299 703
126 398
26 693
148 884
66 976
2 038
391 516
186 543
19 248
175 112
51 518
14 278
735
89 591
107 946
13 919
6 307
89 190
106 581
14 464
2 143
145 554
89 940
19 037
195
190 394
88 070
13 870
735
182 946
95 632
281
22 645
139 599
5 767
9 938
125 769
1 240
14 444
116 520
854
20 954
131 819
341
23 397
138 643
254 689
40 778
101 779
47 574
13 012
13 415
262 708
25 276
93 639
50 056
10 827
16 218
103 317
1 890
75 837
26 337
9 368
14 483
331 458
190 094
2 910
42 090
36 994
14 291
158 232
96
21 172
4 868
38 640
12 020
4 276
9 016
* 5 200
30 631
269 523
906 831
6 121
9 517
* 5 300
20 690
265 018
872 988
3 873
16 810
* 4 400
17 688
305 849
422 574
3 140
5 879
* 2 100
43 665
364 612
443 466
5 936
5 114
* 2 600
49 959
356 170
440 399
Notes
(1) Except where alumina hydrate is separately specified, national trade figures for alumina can be considered as inclusive of hydrate
(2) In this table the term 'unwrought' aluminium corresponds to item 7601 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, blocks,
unwrought bars, etc
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
150
Aluminium and bauxite
Imports of bauxite, alumina and aluminium
Country
Austria
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Belgium
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Croatia
Bauxite
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Cyprus
Unwrought alloys
Czech Republic
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Denmark
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Finland
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
France
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
16 717
49 728
16 056
140 286
250 209
161 995
21 727
55 639
20 205
154 792
218 902
170 315
2 370
27 193
13 219
103 145
175 583
168 055
8 489
47 681
12 914
177 751
239 493
268 845
7 842
53 232
12 821
197 795
280 502
282 707
85 954
27 079
45 870
437 146
317 701
193 852
88 892
13 959
34 834
319 471
236 550
196 947
40 837
7 265
29 635
322 792
126 490
204 621
75 600
19 028
34 978
517 946
193 103
228 517
52 727
20 406
52 806
412 600
218 350
257 366
2 368
39 850
19 617
3 554
1 370
42 738
18 557
4 028
1 859
39 759
16 050
3 014
2 887
44 468
27 444
6 897
1 875
43 192
35 685
4 625
115 367
54 067
22 039
107 237
57 828
20 786
72 103
37 828
28 251
85 634
50 354
29 270
66 169
45 493
40 783
13 868
13 408
8 721
9 211
7 073
26 865
30 523
7 834
82 910
119 773
63 508
17 698
28 245
6 916
68 362
124 643
58 424
9 857
5 995
6 672
62 972
108 231
50 379
33 794
7 407
9 547
76 945
135 648
61 802
32 556
7 980
10 052
84 560
153 819
86 969
6 572
25 643
86 389
66 038
7 317
27 582
85 420
70 726
8 108
21 968
61 259
5 321
8 364
22 484
79 479
5 175
9 112
21 012
86 057
5 891
3 035
808
26 545
485
5 956
535
3 176
4 495
2 231
2 488
4 909
3 296
37 163
1 213
49 299
19 051
10 461
2 350
22 243
1 332
41 635
21 978
1 584
1 733
20 614
1 204
29 303
10 998
9 294
2 401
29 607
2 008
37 539
15 466
3 036
2 422
25 676
2 070
37 589
15 803
2 001 899
710 029
46 584
147 693
449 505
191 897
1 788 358
722 371
51 289
113 771
396 382
197 876
1 024 569
849 798
46 113
87 130
311 287
216 872
984 804
734 935
47 336
103 937
364 962
260 871
1 577 328
619 175
47 510
152 348
387 038
292 597
3 141 693
790 515
266 042
786 506
1 444 289
613 084
2 995 241
1 017 746
241 736
693 075
1 370 179
543 839
2 069 109
518 456
168 216
495 511
1 157 271
362 582
2 005 053
661 379
260 488
799 780
1 591 991
479 413
2 436 413
654 946
176 692
768 797
1 810 035
535 304
151
Aluminium and bauxite
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Greece
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Iceland
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Bauxite
Alumina
Italy
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Lithuania
Bauxite
Alumina
Scrap
Luxembourg
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Macedonia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Montenegro
Alumina
Netherlands
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Poland
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
152
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
376 304
283 255
125 327
73 561
50 470
226 374
38 828
129 407
63 670
28 960
351 677
963
110 311
32 252
17 339
314 423
1 546
153 771
66 134
43 866
288 647
1 346
126 051
59 931
95 166
319 681
2 899
451
132 695
149 299
37 204
297 832
8 997
508
122 319
107 123
56 347
178 031
9 246
3 352
100 897
79 437
30 212
244 095
22 660
6 856
146 221
165 833
43 720
254 039
36 305
9 123
135 392
190 175
59 661
814 258
293
1 620 531
439
1 557 309
1 461
1 612 188
6 127
1 539 080
5 560
4 144 231
9 268
3 009 615
9 579
2 786 723
4 711
4 111 457
4 903
4 215 019
4 378
2 374 609
148 384
166 453
534 385
545 052
432 780
2 417 499
144 473
143 217
445 882
436 207
377 441
36 975
88 864
142 005
284 779
310 560
268 836
62 666
252 028
198 253
432 393
488 002
372 686
45 146
406 774
205 274
482 850
563 882
461 302
6 837
7 677
5 974
7 828
10 381
1
13 304
3 380
...
10 282
1 887
6 922
1 815
888
4 348
16 411
2 460
...
26 876
6 014
2 851
47 982
12 076
186 465
2 225
52 669
9 320
123 407
1 403
33 315
4 480
48 091
1 117
62 504
7 362
128 632
1 490
51 627
5 586
121 295
3 930
663
3 446
485
2 164
1 341
2 839
1 554
2 642
1 842
1 333
10
55 777
157 753
174 691
108 088
706 255
190 351
713 441
358 930
204 117
182 711
689 724
178 940
248 386
479 786
210 203
68 038
153 891
52 798
134 950
284 410
88 053
113 499
692 413
167 596
384 724
462 371
184 066
113 653
955 665
246 013
424 915
537 289
241 081
3 446
2 535 547
48 560
435 126
73 058
32 024
10 232
2 753 105
50 401
381 638
58 995
37 386
15 444
2 069 424
45 252
240 409
95 120
26 598
8 645
2 144 519
35 379
512 340
68 086
38 039
459
2 185 976
53 224
450 432
27 867
42 078
71 598
120 768
27 634
105 281
192 930
59 623
59 907
126 143
25 334
71 563
195 072
67 176
49 033
27 626
23 083
67 561
144 983
67 408
48 664
29 920
31 406
125 567
192 393
84 622
45 672
34 691
26 536
125 147
232 859
98 484
Aluminium and bauxite
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Portugal
Alumina
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Romania
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Serbia
Bauxite
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Slovakia
Bauxite
Alumina
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Slovenia
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Spain
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Turkey
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
United Kingdom
Bauxite
Alumina
Alumina hydrate
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
9 325
16 859
214 990
3 994
9 750
17 732
214 614
2 409
13 742
15 200
149 759
15 819
14 862
20 152
170 057
10 183
8 762
18 744
113 150
5 305
75 934
482 375
16 927
10 191
3 833
45 527
487 304
17 822
16 416
598
104 404
353 846
7 996
17 383
3 838
1 277 587
1 928
10 412
33 874
83 381
1 271 274
15 037
5 768
27 311
62 768
2 154
2 134
58 811
18 967
5 311
9 776
2 151
54 765
18 753
5 399
4 773
2 199
36 626
12 913
4 411
10 972
3 036
54 512
13 600
8 404
7 800
2 089
51 717
15 834
6 870
7 524
311 914
52 718
8 748
5 778
311 891
41 681
4 638
5 443
288 753
27 853
1 760
4 233
270 786
42 273
2 098
6 136
232 187
232 187
3 181
63 229
466 163
28 628
65 589
58 215
52 338
40 006
438 579
27 121
67 405
50 389
51 319
13 966
302 520
20 629
62 162
34 530
37 677
41 846
328 453
27 252
87 848
65 950
51 159
42 555
322 872
26 173
65 523
71 318
52 860
3 547 201
53 579
49 451
122 303
328 314
123 074
3 618 306
50 417
41 614
82 512
281 270
110 745
3 509 294
22 239
30 522
95 461
162 026
63 517
3 325 099
31 527
29 317
119 589
229 036
111 942
3 080 295
61 184
22 917
110 612
219 925
125 190
30 099
43 101
94 218
46 431
159 628
36 838
18 761
161 638
95 834
47 534
144 343
40 125
10 755
109 806
81 026
39 248
124 277
30 093
6 660
211 393
95 073
35 506
188 198
48 508
10 460
266 978
77 121
22 371
175 194
47 458
5 850
10 745
17 875
136 214
78 916
32 716
12 439
11 036
17 235
127 018
62 962
31 728
8 360
9 074
15 269
108 096
50 341
23 195
6 718
10 662
20 697
148 099
84 113
33 341
11 898
9 957
19 131
166 853
70 200
36 829
53 202
8 598
4 115
296 098
193 702
5 634
39 256
18 232
21 275
327 525
270 871
16 868
17 350
10 394
15 269
358 748
201 124
14 215
35 652
15 772
27 721
460 915
281 588
24 952
36 358
15 434
35 739
553 191
332 228
25 107
48 741
787 218
112 287
201 262
93 145
158 827
57 971
705 033
110 503
160 797
93 210
145 819
37 461
352 250
98 516
304 621
43 601
117 651
41 650
229 158
87 278
138 975
62 686
126 584
41 497
110 265
90 065
201 428
62 784
109 122
Notes on next page.
153
Aluminium and bauxite
Notes
(1) Except where alumina hydrate is separately specified, national trade figures for alumina can be considered as inclusive of hydrate
(2) In this table the term 'unwrought' aluminium corresponds to item 7601 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, blocks,
unwrought bars, etc
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
Bauxite - EU35 trade in 2011
Ireland, Republic of
Spain
Germany
France
Romania
Greece
Hungary
Netherlands
Croatia
Belgium
Poland
Italy
Slovenia
United Kingdom
Turkey
Czech Republic
Switzerland
Sweden
Denmark
Austria
Serbia
Slovakia
Finland
Montenegro
Exports
-1,000
Imports
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Thousand tonnes
154
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
Aluminium and bauxite
Alumina and alumina hydrate - EU35 trade in 2011
Norway
Iceland
Netherlands
Germany
France
Italy
Slovenia
Sweden
Slovakia
United Kingdom
Montenegro
Spain
Belgium
Austria
Poland
Turkey
Hungary
Switzerland
Finland
Lithuania
Denmark
Romania
Czech Republic
Portugal
Ireland, Republic of
Greece
-2,000
Exports
Imports
-1,500
-1,000
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Thousand tonnes
Aluminium metal - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Turkey
Belgium
France
Norway
Austria
Poland
Spain
Hungary
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Switzerland
Slovakia
Sweden
Greece
Slovenia
Portugal
Croatia
Denmark
Bulgaria
Serbia
Luxembourg
Finland
Romania
Cyprus
Iceland
Lithuania
Montenegro
Latvia
-2,000
Exports
Imports
-1,500
-1,000
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Thousand tonnes
155
Antimony
Antimony
Antimony is a toxic metallic element with several specialised uses. It is frequently alloyed with lead, where it greatly increases hardness and
strength. Antimony is also used in semi-conductors and its compounds form excellent flame-retardants in cable sheaths.
China was the largest mine producer of antimony in 2011, with 87 per cent of world production. The second largest was Tajikistan (three per
cent) followed by Bolivia (also three per cent), Russia and South Africa (two per cent each). Antimony is also produced as a by-product of
lead refining in many countries.
Mine production of antimony
Country
Turkey
tonnes (metal content)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 1 200
* 1 300
* 1 300
* 1 300
* 1 300
Notes
(1) This table includes antimony content of antimonial lead alloys
(2) In addition, Hungary is believed to produce antimony
Exports of antimony
Country
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Czech Republic
Oxide
Estonia
Metal
France
Metal
Oxide
Germany
Metal
Oxide
Greece
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Netherlands
Metal
Oxide
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Spain
Metal
Oxide
Sweden
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
United Kingdom
Metal
Oxide
156
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
301
974
11 643
228
494
9 636
530
533
8 811
433
776
10 599
274
732
10 417
139
133
89
71
107
...
...
...
67
113
19
6 109
44
6 261
34
6 788
145
6 853
24
6 124
141
1 130
33
932
101
448
132
961
239
1 132
143
81
—
...
44
355
1
237
386
12
569
566
2
391
960
19
226
898
80
261
308
496
185
346
171
285
219
433
385
264
22
25
65
27
47
267
60
119
138
70
17
246
143
1 023
62
894
19
1 716
50
1 784
1
15
489
4
—
819
1 000
1 408
2 765
2 977
21
379
35
558
75
407
77
490
57
290
Antimony
Imports of antimony
Country
Austria
Metal
Oxide
Belgium
Metal
Oxide
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Oxide
Finland
Oxide
France
Metal
Oxide
Germany
Metal
Oxide
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Oxide
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Netherlands
Metal
Oxide
Norway
Metal
Oxide
Poland
Metal
Oxide
Portugal
Oxide
Romania
Metal
Oxide
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
Sweden
Metal
Oxide
Switzerland
Oxide
Turkey
Metal
Oxide
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxide
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
104
277
63
245
64
192
37
249
214
204
11 904
2 218
8 837
801
7 511
624
10 280
904
9 451
831
100
35
40
45
38
64
604
131
521
55
209
75
379
64
356
281
160
101
116
80
8 568
3 315
9 078
1 923
7 682
1 277
9 068
1 577
7 413
2 854
612
8 527
700
8 672
552
5 072
494
7 986
456
6 949
21
63
85
74
84
192
144
173
156
148
851
399
5 950
1 171
300
6 168
935
198
4 602
1 378
233
5 460
1 169
298
4 227
699
3 783
234
51 439
150
2 257
314
57 454
208
26 729
70
337
44
371
1
200
1
264
17
193
142
1 315
52
1 086
71
1 034
47
1 044
68
1 026
172
161
146
240
184
68
190
30
153
36
87
61
88
43
120
110
71
50
36
150
164
1 676
1 146
154
1 987
899
55
1 478
493
103
2 642
516
29
2 450
494
546
319
166
293
58
203
17
219
10
227
1 461
1 328
793
1 108
1 131
308
501
346
522
369
588
219
885
245
739
14
110
1 917
19
98
2 454
4
88
1 548
24
45
2 598
33
121
1 785
157
Arsenic
Arsenic
Arsenic is a toxic semi-metallic element produced and traded chiefly as ‘white arsenic’ (arsenic trioxide). Its principal uses are as compounds
in wood preservatives and pesticides. Gallium arsenide is used in semi-conductors whilst arsenic metal has a number of minor uses.
China was the largest producer of white arsenic in 2011 and is estimated to produce more than half of world output. Other significant
producers are Chile, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belgium.
Production of white arsenic
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Belgium
Portugal
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 000
* 15
Notes
(1) This table includes calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic metal produced except where this would involve double counting
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Austria, Finland, Hungary, Spain and the United Kingdom are believed to produce arsenic
Exports of arsenic
Country
Belgium
Metallic arsenic
Germany
Metallic arsenic
Netherlands
Metallic arsenic
United Kingdom
Metallic arsenic
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
117
77
42
114
120
32
41
31
57
66
59
67
* 30
11
62
0
0
0
0
0
Note
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: data relating to arsenic are not fully recorded by many countries
Imports of arsenic
Country
Belgium
Metallic arsenic
Bulgaria
Metallic arsenic
Czech Republic
Metallic arsenic
France
Metallic arsenic
Germany
Metallic arsenic
Greece
Metallic arsenic
Ireland, Republic of
Metallic arsenic
Italy
Metallic arsenic
158
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
466
65
17
114
634
30
12
11
3
10
10
26
0
0
0
19
8
4
17
21
...
...
...
69
9
9
9
11
33
9
137
95
...
—
...
64
43
45
19
74
Arsenic
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Netherlands
Metallic arsenic
Poland
Metallic arsenic
Slovenia
Metallic arsenic
Spain
Metallic arsenic
Sweden
Metallic arsenic
Turkey
Metallic arsenic
United Kingdom
Metallic arsenic
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
19
8
* 45
2
19
24
42
20
42
45
11
—
3
...
11
116
192
48
96
93
12
6
6
7
6
63
71
74
55
10
70
52
60
7
5
Note
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: data relating to arsenic are not fully recorded by many countries
159
Asbestos
Asbestos
Asbestos is a commercial term for six fibrous minerals of which chrysotile (white asbestos), the fibrous form of serpentine, is the only form of
asbestos now worked. Asbestos was once highly sought after because of its unique combination of properties:
•
•
•
•
non-combustibility
resistance to heat, friction, corrosion and acid/alkali attack
good thermal and sound insulation qualities
good dialectric properties
Airborne asbestos fibres are a serious hazard to health and virtually all industrial use of asbestos has now ceased in Europe. The largest
world producer is Russia with an estimated 49 per cent of the total world output, followed by China with 22 per cent. Other significant
producers are Brazil, Kazakhstan and Canada.
Production of asbestos
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Slovakia
400
200
—
—
—
Note
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce asbestos
EU35 Production of asbestos 2007 - 11
450
400
Tonnes
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of unmanufactured asbestos
Country
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
160
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
...
290
990
15
120
685
62
30
—
1
42
3
306
17
1
Asbestos
Imports of unmanufactured asbestos
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Belgium
France
Germany
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Poland
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
120
169
54
120
...
...
50
2 518
187
6
120
54
...
48
...
21
585
...
166
34
36
—
...
35
—
—
11
0
42
72
—
22
—
—
—
—
0
19
88
37
...
...
6
—
...
Asbestos - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Luxembourg
France
Spain
Exports
Turkey
Imports
Switzerland
Serbia
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
Tonnes
161
Barytes
Barytes
Barytes (barium sulphate) is used in a variety of industries that utilise its properties of high specific gravity, softness, non-abrasiveness,
chemical neutrality and brightness. About 84 per cent of barytes production is used in the manufacture and utilisation of drilling fluids in oil
and gas exploration.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 48 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (19 per cent),
followed by Morocco (nine per cent), USA (seven per cent) and Iran (four per cent).
EU35 Production of barytes 2011
Turkey 68.6%
Rest of World 96.4%
United Kingdom 9.5%
EU35 3.6%
Germany 16.9%
Slovakia 4.0%
Others 1.1%
Production of barytes
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria
Germany
Italy
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
50 900
88 265
* 5 000
2 000
25
58 000
26 770
150 000
53 000
40 100
78 941
* 5 000
308
171
20 000
11 100
150 000
43 000
14 300
45 606
* 3 500
—
1 078
30 000
5 212
213 187
36 000
500
55 887
* 3 500
—
15
17 000
2 050
225 000
34 099
200
55 342
* 3 500
—
—
13 000
—
225 000
31 000
EU35 Total
433 960
348 620
348 883
338 051
328 042
Note
(1) This table may include small quantities of witherite
EU35 Production of barytes 2007 - 11
500
Thousand tonnes
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007
162
2008
2009
2010
2011
Barytes
Exports of barytes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
France (a)
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 023
506
50 922
* 37 100
43 104
2 239
68 798
13 425
...
9 174
31 693
115 039
9 242
2 440
1 381
46 907
* 10 000
38 111
1 238
58 740
5 608
...
685
33 676
123 485
9 976
1 276
2 638
14 326
* 11 500
45 360
2 890
121 567
4 069
1 812
6 309
29 776
121 744
13 095
345
3 216
505
* 10 500
(a)* 33 000
1 906
79 880
12 071
258
641
32 427
175 497
17 851
618
213
231
* 10 600
(a)* 34 000
2 623
71 719
8 008
2 009
230
34 285
144 238
15 648
Notes
(1) Trade in barytes is reported under item 2511 of the Harmonised System and is described as 'barytes and witherite'. However, only small
quantities of witherite are traded
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of barytes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 898
6 229
98
6 358
38 096
5 018
40 760
320 702
1 255
1 456
586
89 745
29 556
148 808
127 181
10 895
1 934
14 040
86
585
65 569
6 504
2 843
741
84 617
6 234
5 959
1 525
7 388
22 324
4 735
34 166
278 335
1 348
492
229
102 684
27 726
122 039
121 259
14 334
3 806
25 475
111
596
71 025
6 371
3 644
455
56 794
2 733
4 490
889
4 641
27 656
2 573
26 227
129 220
2 133
4 536
169
51 615
16 377
43 928
146 535
8 349
3 744
8 351
0
530
30 503
3 346
2 605
507
61 308
3 115
5 637
710
7 004
14 178
4 406
41 513
263 839
1 318
1 441
176
67 303
17 182
161 343
149 510
11 758
4 448
8 501
421
457
106 611
4 406
3 020
342
89 474
4 711
4 294
125
7 431
17 322
4 383
29 516
291 716
2 277
2 852
221
88 574
17 049
148 240
139 620
15 723
2 509
15 598
1 494
609
70 896
4 224
3 156
2 863
99 872
Note
(1) Trade in barytes is reported under item 2511 of the Harmonised System and is described as 'barytes and witherite'. However, only small
quantities of witherite are traded
163
Barytes
Barytes - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Netherlands
Norway
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
France
Denmark
Luxembourg
Poland
Romania
Czech Republic
Austria
Finland
Belgium
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Hungary
Portugal
Greece
Serbia
Slovenia
Ireland, Republic of
-150
Exports
Imports
-100
-50
0
50
100
Thousand tonnes
164
150
200
250
300
Bentonite and fuller's earth
Bentonite and fuller's earth
Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (a clay mineral) that occurs as two main varieties — calcium bentonite and the more commercially
important sodium bentonite. In the UK the name fuller’s earth is given to calcium bentonite (and in the USA, attapulgite). Sepiolite is a fibrous
clay that can be a substitute for bentonite. Calcium bentonite can be changed to sodium bentonite by the ion-exchange process. The main
uses of bentonite and fuller’s earth take advantage of their natural sorptive and thixotropic properties. They are used as additions to drilling
muds, in making foundry moulds, pelletising iron ore and in the manufacture of cat litter.
USA was the world’s largest producer of bentonite in 2011, with 32 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was China (22 per
cent), followed by Greece (eight per cent), India (six per cent) and Mexico (four per cent). The USA was also the largest producer of fuller’s
earth.
EU35 Production of bentonite 2011
Greece 42.9%
Italy 3.5%
Others 3.6%
Slovakia 7.3%
Rest of World 81.2%
Spain 3.8%
EU35 18.8%
Turkey 13.0%
Bulgaria 1.9%
Cyprus 5.5%
Germany 12.9%
Czech Republic 5.5%
EU35 Production of attapulgite and sepiolite 2011
Spain 98.3%
Rest of World 81.7%
EU35 18.3%
Turkey 1.7%
165
Bentonite and fuller's earth
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth
Country
Bulgaria
Bentonite
Croatia
Bentonite
Cyprus
Bentonite
Czech Republic
Bentonite
Denmark
Bentonite
France
Bentonite
Germany
Bentonite
Greece
Bentonite
Hungary
Bentonite
Italy
Bentonite
Macedonia
Bentonite
Poland
Bentonite
Romania
Bentonite
Slovakia
Bentonite
Slovenia
Bentonite
Spain
Bentonite
Attapulgite
Sepiolite
Turkey
Bentonite
Sepiolite
EU35 Total
Bentonite
Attapulgite and sepiolite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
99 000
178 700
108 400
99 700
53 900
19 578
19 759
—
—
—
154 655
155 125
152 722
162 969
160 625
335 000
235 000
177 000
183 000
160 000
20 093
22 458
24 040
23 832
38 300
...
...
25 000
25 000
20 000
384 709
414 336
326 461
362 623
375 332
1 342 000
1 580 000
1 500 000
844 804
1 250 000
54 231
6 220
5 298
17 200
17 308
305 905
161 313
114 682
110 982
102 756
22 509
13 689
9 033
7 084
8 914
1 300
3 000
2 800
2 000
900
16 911
16 638
13 756
21 637
19 864
149 000
145 000
109 000
153 000
213 000
130
160
104
135
168
147 253
24 615
717 728
154 534
27 348
737 659
147 090
21 110
573 937
157 001
27 841
557 862
110 721
26 031
566 270
748 170
* 10 000
683 253
* 10 000
753 155
* 10 000
718 260
* 10 000
379 918
—
3 825 000
752 000
3 814 000
775 000
3 469 000
605 000
2 889 000
596 000
2 912 000
592 000
Notes
(1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two main varieties, calcium bentonite,
the most commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more important
(2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium bentonite by a sodium-exchange process
(3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, calcium bentonite is known as fuller's earth, a term which is also used to refer to
attapulgite, a mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties
(4) In addition to the countries listed, Austria is believed to produce bentonite and France may produce fuller's earth
166
Bentonite and fuller's earth
EU35 Production of bentonite, attapulgite and sepiolite 2007 - 11
Thousand tonnes
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007
2008
2009
Bentonite
2010
2011
Attapulgite and sepiolite
Exports of bentonite and fuller's earth
Country
Austria
Bentonite
Belgium
Bentonite
Bulgaria
Bentonite
Cyprus
Bentonite
Czech Republic
Bentonite
Denmark
Bentonite
Finland
Bentonite
France
Bentonite
Germany
Bentonite
Greece
Bentonite
Hungary
Bentonite
Italy
Bentonite
Lithuania
Bentonite
Macedonia
Bentonite
Montenegro
Bentonite
Netherlands
Bentonite
Norway
Bentonite
Poland
Bentonite
Portugal
Bentonite
Serbia
Bentonite
Slovakia
Bentonite
Spain
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Sweden
Bentonite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 589
5 225
4 350
3 447
4 954
18 504
34 034
36 263
28 632
28 512
74 412
103 106
79 359
72 183
67 118
156 871
92 089
95 674
98 803
114 923
97 358
105 403
99 584
120 859
143 788
19 495
15 734
13 004
13 787
13 827
115
42
803
0
61
13 454
12 231
9 211
12 709
11 472
81 272
67 109
52 424
84 920
91 477
168
8 885
5 116
13 203
33 306
849
1 191
555
954
782
296 809
293 417
186 219
257 173
214 775
5 457
1 929
266
442
1 628
4 181
5 201
3 716
3 310
3 730
3
1 384
24
48
27
129 692
120 946
135 722
178 093
186 574
254
157
294
3 726
318
19 107
20 384
23 918
21 987
25 050
1 718
1 608
691
1 175
1 356
5 048
5 066
5 107
4 823
11 903
89 517
79 936
65 429
32 981
85 760
72 278
474 788
75 287
460 485
1 021 034
418 644
66 118
...
54 449
...
12 240
11 640
5 588
3 457
3 300
167
Bentonite and fuller's earth
Exports continued
Country
Turkey
Bentonite
United Kingdom
Bentonite
Sepiolite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
22 237
244 177
250 082
307 891
319 189
47 122
186
43 261
226
34 622
130
41 323
...
38 478
...
Notes
(1) See notes 1-3 to production table
(2) The figures in this table refer to natural and sodium-exchanged bentonite, and fuller's earth, Harmonised System 2508.10 and 2508.20
(3) Activated bentonite and fuller's earth, Harmonised System 3802.90, are excluded
(4) Some countries are believed to include sodium-exchanged bentonite, often referred to as activated bentonite, under Harmonised
System 3802.90, eg Italy, but these are not included in the table
(5) From 2007 Harmonised System 2508.20, previously used in this table for fuller's earth, is no longer available
Imports of bentonite and fuller's earth
Country
Austria
Bentonite
Belgium
Bentonite
Bulgaria
Bentonite
Croatia
Bentonite
Cyprus
Bentonite
Czech Republic
Bentonite
Denmark
Bentonite
Estonia
Bentonite
Finland
Bentonite
France
Bentonite
Germany
Bentonite
Greece
Bentonite
Hungary
Bentonite
Iceland
Bentonite
Ireland, Republic of
Bentonite
Italy
Bentonite
Latvia
Bentonite
Lithuania
Bentonite
Netherlands
Bentonite
Norway
Bentonite
Poland
Bentonite
Portugal
Bentonite
Romania
Bentonite
168
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
58 727
68 703
66 575
90 229
83 313
42 671
74 216
62 885
72 971
91 291
2 979
3 386
2 422
2 548
2 591
7 633
39 289
22 383
7 852
16 906
10 556
12 496
5 709
4 629
142
23 559
24 239
25 129
18 472
39 439
43 555
34 012
35 089
43 049
34 130
1 995
1 506
1 631
3 352
2 937
37 741
31 445
19 429
16 293
21 194
243 350
198 787
158 715
159 096
194 555
351 991
361 782
335 990
386 261
447 793
19 780
21 261
8 593
3 668
7 193
2 933
3 095
3 608
4 360
4 648
5 022
2 392
1 259
432
563
2 916
2 643
2 741
2 734
2 623
155 568
136 417
96 698
130 508
140 458
1 850
2 628
2 148
2 787
3 434
3 105
3 068
3 368
4 378
6 250
305 364
314 298
* 190 000
237 683
289 615
14 399
14 783
12 612
14 506
12 668
162 424
171 633
122 165
155 173
212 585
18 480
20 304
12 788
18 205
23 436
5 253
6 014
3 859
4 825
6 341
Bentonite and fuller's earth
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
Serbia
Bentonite
Slovakia
Bentonite
Slovenia
Bentonite
Spain
Bentonite
Sweden
Bentonite
Switzerland
Bentonite
Turkey
Bentonite
United Kingdom
Bentonite
Sepiolite
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 701
3 370
2 274
1 683
1 804
7 145
8 987
5 890
6 416
26 935
4 048
3 976
4 421
4 191
4 790
104 057
103 602
72 993
108 066
146 344
184 313
178 308
120 079
200 422
214 173
21 334
21 876
20 407
20 362
19 316
10 541
9 806
1 827
1 641
1 915
157 388
282 733
205 853
227 453
140 301
70 651
141 849
...
200 332
...
Notes
(1) See notes 1-3 to production table
(2) The figures in this table refer to natural and sodium-exchanged bentonite, and fuller's earth, Harmonised System 2508.10 and 2508.20
(3) Activated bentonite and fuller's earth, Harmonised System 3802.90, are excluded
(4) Some countries are believed to include sodium-exchanged bentonite, often referred to as activated bentonite, under Harmonised
System 3802.90, eg Italy, but these are not included in the table
(5) From 2007 Harmonised System 2508.20, previously used in this table for fuller's earth, is no longer available
Bentonite - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Netherlands
Sweden
Poland
United Kingdom
France
Spain
Italy
Belgium
Austria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Slovakia
Portugal
Finland
Switzerland
Croatia
Norway
Greece
Romania
Lithuania
Slovenia
Hungary
Latvia
Estonia
Ireland, Republic of
Bulgaria
Turkey
Serbia
Cyprus
Macedonia
-400
Exports
Imports
-200
0
Thousand tonnes
200
400
169
Bismuth
Bismuth
Bismuth is a metallic element, chiefly used in its compound form, in pharmaceuticals and as metal in fusible (low-melting) alloys. It is also
highly valued as a substitute for lead.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 47 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Mexico (28 per cent),
followed by Japan (14 per cent), Australia and Canada (three per cent each). Bismuth is also produced as a by-product of lead and zinc
refining.
EU35 Mine production of bismuth 2011
Romania 47.1%
Rest of World
97.6%
EU35 2.4%
Bulgaria 52.9%
Mine production of bismuth
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria
Romania
* 45
* 40
* 45
* 40
* 45
* 40
* 45
* 40
* 45
* 40
Notes
(1) The figures in this table are in some instances derived from reported bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus recoverable in
ores and concentrates exported
(2) Production for some countries may include bismuth produced from imported ores but it is thought that any resulting duplication is
insignificant in the countries shown
Exports of bismuth metal
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
12
355
2
52
901
1
238
11
32
0
2 588
1
162
3
74
276
38
196
1
19
1
905
1
413
—
6
143
5
28
—
14
106
941
8
1
19
20
178
1
34
25
9
11
427
5
6
3
49
210
13
32
—
9
1
1 038
170
Bismuth
Imports of bismuth metal
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
42
111
10
70
382
1 130
11
3
12
316
127
15
90
190
5
8
14
1 908
148
190
8
78
219
1 262
3
13
38
269
120
25
60
212
12
12
21
1 582
80
9
—
53
102
881
—
84
14
152
42
20
24
52
6
12
15
310
130
1
1
106
100
1 052
—
106
5
355
259
34
49
141
12
25
11
366
138
45
0
264
205
1 282
12
50
1
378
192
23
63
99
2
18
16
411
171
Bromine
Bromine
Bromine is the only non-metallic element that is liquid at room temperature. It is strongly reactive and hazardous in pure forms and has a
wide range of uses including medicines, fumigants, dyes, and pesticides.
Bromine is almost entirely produced from processing sea-water. USA was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 33 per cent of the total
world output. The second largest was Israel (30 per cent), followed by China (23 per cent), Jordon (ten per cent) and Japan (three per cent).
Production of bromine
Country
Spain
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 100 000
* 100 000
* 100 000
* 100 000
* 100 000
Exports of bromine
Country
Belgium
Finland
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
United Kingdom
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
17 271 400
...
3 400
55 156
1 475 500
9 400
418 531
1 469 781
20 752 500
...
14 400
1 000
1 821 400
5 000
2 000
1 015 304
17 466 300
...
6 031
43
1 960 700
5 500
2 578
497 246
12 619 000
...
6 119
294
1 477 700
9 800
15 627
780 704
25 002 100
22 200
7 543
104
1 154 400
7 100
86 311
1 472 523
Note
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: trade in bromine is not separately distinguished from other halogens by many
countries
Imports of bromine
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands (a)
Poland
Romania (a)
Spain
Sweden
Turkey (a)
United Kingdom
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
463 900
21 768 500
7 700
100
12 146 400
607 500
(a) 29 143
374 426
4 403
14 300
152 319
77 578
2 800
28 424
5 266 339
488 000
26 540 000
12 000
146 800
12 428 800
646 400
9 900
598 800
7 661
10 600
267 073
169 159
31 700
6 761
5 903 423
65 300
20 618 700
2 600
242 982
11 720 470
456 893
10 500
958 588
63 310
6 100
285 593
75 099
3 100
6 497
6 534 300
318 400
18 693 500
3 100
318 478
5 275 994
657 303
4 500
1 259 187
321 599
17 200
230 850
222 746
4 200
8 373
5 787 829
238 900
28 221 500
...
322 231
8 449 327
722 036
8 800
1 207 042
114 504
11 200
230 850
250 417
4 300
11 462
9 485 963
Notes
(1) This table does not purport to be comprehensive: trade in bromine is not separately distinguished from other halogens by many
countries
(a) May include some fluorine
172
Cadmium
Cadmium
Cadmium is a highly toxic metallic element mostly produced as a by-product of zinc refining. The bulk of cadmium in use is in nickelcadmium (NiCd) rechargeable batteries. Other major uses are in pigments and in metal coatings.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 35 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South Korea (14 per
cent), followed by Japan (eight per cent), Mexico and Kazakhstan (seven per cent each).
EU35 Production of cadmium 2011
Norway 16.9%
Poland 28.8%
Rest of World 91.4%
EU35 8.6%
Bulgaria 23.6%
Netherlands 30.7%
Production of cadmium
tonnes
Country
Bulgaria
France
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
EU35 Total
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
318
50
495
269
421
376
—
530
178
603
413
—
* 490
249
534
389
—
* 560
300
451
* 430
—
* 560
309
526
1 553
1 687
1 686
1 700
1 825
Note
(1) Data in this table excludes secondary metal unless otherwise stated
EU35 Production of cadmium 2007 - 11
2,000
1,800
1,600
Tonnes
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
173
Cadmium
Exports of cadmium
Country
Belgium
Metal
Oxide
Bulgaria
Metal
France
Metal
Germany
Metal
Italy
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Norway
Metal
Poland
Metal
Sweden
Oxide
United Kingdom
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
181
6 160
442
4 677
452
4 033
459
4 413
545
3 734
434
374
569
474
421
815
890
1 022
763
549
...
287
276
523
348
796
1 633
2 030
3 104
1 722
544
816
305
606
617
205
259
211
329
317
368
558
590
484
579
322
448
305
360
429
76
54
25
2 545
1 441
Imports of cadmium
Country
Belgium
Metal
Oxide
Czech Republic
Oxide
France
Metal
Oxide
Germany
Metal
Oxide
Greece
Metal
Italy
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Spain
Metal
Sweden
Metal
Oxide
United Kingdom
Metal
Oxide
174
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 038
2
5 511
10
3 439
28
6 456
43
5 932
109
338
463
396
464
487
771
885
645
1 114
455
605
212
18
100
7
22
423
53
507
11
522
18
625
40
489
1
18
39
1
0
40
49
43
3
44
437
186
50
102
1
0
21
118
153
38
491
25
851
83
588
42
825
107
1 127
172
276
438
212
386
246
181
470
309
542
281
Cadmium
Cadmium metal - EU35 trade in 2011
Belgium
Sweden
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Germany
Spain
Exports
Imports
Netherlands
Poland
Norway
Bulgaria
-2,000
-1,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Tonnes
175
Cement
Cement
Cement is a manufactured product and is the essential basis of concrete and mortar. Its chief raw materials are limestone or chalk and clay
or mudstone. In Europe it is the largest use of limestone after crushed rock aggregate.
Cement is made by firing a mixture of limestone and clay in a kiln to produce ‘cement clinker’. This is a mixture of calcium silicates and
calcium aluminates, which is finely ground with the addition of five per cent gypsum/anhydrite to produce finished cement.
Production of cement clinker
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
221 684
...
...
—
3 127 530
21 209
1 042 800
18 046 000
26 992 000
12 035 077
2 500 698
1 088 402
...
*—
817 000
13 167 950
1 513 487
222 699
...
32 045 543
1 712 626
39 363 683
10 227 000
287 911
...
3 509 817
—
3 137 828
16 092
1 040 000
16 885 000
25 366 000
11 361 397
* 2 500 000
957 371
...
—
761 800
12 443 103
1 760 510
111 719
...
27 304 551
1 881 054
41 652 824
9 478 000
160 223
1 123 722
1 858 850
30 286
2 433 746
122
448 500
14 568 000
23 232 000
8 649 322
* 2 400 000
637 853
...
233 292
706 426
10 659 214
1 749 406
—
1 822 820
21 594 604
1 702 019
41 084 368
6 420 000
54 369
858 871
2 071 100
—
2 260 561
3 819
537 000
14 901 000
22 996 000
7 875 996
* 2 400 000
966 577
1 158 000
—
736 000
11 768 000
1 102 976
—
1 607 025
21 234 637
1 790 784
54 222 939
6 598 000
131 734
* 900 000
1 475 700
—
2 617 072
25
719 000
15 229 000
24 775 000
9 041 421
1 167 942
1 286 791
1 277 000
—
770 232
13 630 000
1 948 137
33 363
1 823 306
* 17 500 000
* 1 750 000
* 54 000 000
7 096 000
164 145 388
160 454 977
141 514 772
155 143 654
157 171 723
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy (a)
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Poland
Portugal (a)
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
tonnes
Note
(a) Sales
EU35 Production of finished cement 2011
United Kingdom 3.1% Belgium 2.5%
France 7.0%
Turkey 25.8%
Germany 12.2%
Greece 3.0%
Italy 12.9%
Spain 7.3%
Romania 2.8%
Poland 6.9%
176
Others 16.6%
Cement
Production of finished cement
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland (a)
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal (a)
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland (b)
Turkey
United Kingdom (c)
EU35 Total
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 518 303
6 930 000
* 4 290 000
1 872 531
4 898 530
2 871 402
937 400
1 771 000
22 268 000
33 382 000
14 559 293
3 551 746
* 4 700 000
45 590 422
* 300 000
1 105 365
908 000
* 2 700 000
1 700 000
17 120 000
9 178 735
9 844 706
3 718 410
* 1 300 000
54 720 445
2 950 000
4 252 574
50 995 107
11 887 000
6 131 257
7 135 000
4 900 336
1 913 620
4 804 845
2 538 822
808 000
1 638 000
21 443 000
33 581 000
14 013 312
3 544 000
* 3 910 000
42 863 063
* 310 000
1 075 581
907 500
* 2 700 000
* 1 700 000
17 206 735
8 365 242
10 461 456
4 157 356
* 1 300 000
42 088 110
* 2 950 000
4 238 311
54 027 283
10 071 000
4 847 862
6 113 000
2 660 176
1 480 843
3 851 100
1 578 614
326 200
1 041 866
18 300 000
30 441 000
11 160 205
* 3 200 000
* 2 720 000
33 611 625
* 650 000
583 067
929 820
* 2 700 000
* 1 700 000
15 536 984
7 031 438
7 902 328
3 011 460
* 1 000 000
29 504 574
* 2 900 000
4 333 096
55 741 176
7 623 000
4 499 402
5 990 000
—
1 328 763
3 558 536
1 566 624
375 000
1 204 581
17 998 000
29 915 000
9 319 207
* 2 560 000
* 2 290 000
37 061 576
* 1 100 000
834 000
1 030 700
* 2 700 000
* 1 700 000
15 756 000
3 855 312
7 008 422
2 887 749
* 1 000 000
26 217 200
* 2 900 000
4 553 077
70 800 657
7 882 000
4 700 040
6 844 000
1 891 981
1 206 786
4 052 558
1 852 804
451 000
1 379 760
19 433 000
33 540 000
8 285 371
* 2 500 000
* 1 700 000
35 687 105
* 1 100 000
996 284
1 232 633
* 2 700 000
* 1 700 000
18 929 000
6 507 016
7 646 612
3 219 557
* 1 000 000
* 20 000 000
* 2 900 000
4 687 138
* 71 000 000
8 529 000
325 820 969
310 782 829
262 479 434
267 891 806
275 671 645
Notes
(a) Sales
(b) Includes production in Liechtenstein
(c) Great Britain only
EU35 Production of finished cement 2007 - 11
350,000
Thousand tonnes
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
177
Cement
Exports of cement
Country
Austria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Belgium
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Bulgaria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Croatia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Cyprus
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Czech Republic
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Denmark
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Estonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Finland
Portland cement
France
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Germany
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Greece
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Hungary
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Ireland, Republic of
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Italy
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Latvia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Lithuania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
178
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
189 450
314 112
59 361
243 906
344 338
82 570
146 991
272 440
56 934
46 560
213 082
50 592
173 312
330 710
25 432
916 787
2 008 842
575 332
893 494
1 960 360
556 870
936 451
1 722 252
417 798
582 766
1 676 150
410 909
744 707
1 729 402
353 126
353 996
52 803
1 067
120 588
130 932
22 589
14 836
109 923
394
5 246
164 404
1 772
8 131
190 570
6 516
310 378
855 579
94 185
235 377
667 503
468 597
169 394
615 827
276 981
176 403
639 236
601 470
103 281
1 189 738
180 836
0
51 022
0
—
24 215
27 324
—
12 866
—
42 438
29 924
458 701
151 422
19 039
436 600
196 133
85 427
374 515
156 650
88 236
402 537
218 689
169
844 920
232
9 673
1 094 730
16 222
7 287
969 666
25 482
7 784
568 656
20 751
11 884
731 730
3 860
2 689
813 938
4 175
325 263
274 997
452
426 384
383 449
1 387
395 641
120 294
59
222 190
148 505
488
426 994
186 255
752
982
2 618
1 275
373
92
325 897
590 684
13 999
260 529
578 230
10 056
170 883
621 568
—
282 673
766 167
—
179 184
764 305
—
1 051 733
4 874 062
2 086 591
1 120 078
5 115 858
2 077 175
467 042
4 445 980
2 101 709
680 552
4 173 112
2 010 734
761 406
5 002 240
2 159 075
848 925
2 685 623
207 665
722 151
2 842 584
205 640
851 946
3 051 954
297 036
722 142
3 122 615
47 435
459 716
1 548 482
155 000
—
177 191
4 448
—
329 647
25 169
1 701
220 069
2 987
296
185 279
795
25
277 497
6 451
16 033
1 120 808
1 596
—
1 144 186
1 512
4 823
1 054 533
1 317
1
1 025 910
8 787
—
942 940
1 158
143 235
2 143 940
536 324
38 106
2 094 130
491 150
5 280
1 637 605
469 636
52 673
2 035 118
393 746
45 472
1 681 397
250 624
35 307
43 951
10 178
—
240 311
20
2 382
147 960
126
68 802
562 435
76
201 050
673 260
250
560
154 649
893
130
204 951
1 531
39 878
170 273
491
14
352 750
1 151
98
450 601
406
Cement
Exports continued
Country
Luxembourg
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Macedonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Montenegro
Portland cement
Netherlands
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Norway
Cement clinkers (a)
Portland cement (a)
Poland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Portugal
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Romania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Serbia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovakia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovenia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Spain
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Sweden
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Switzerland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Turkey
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
United Kingdom
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
161 362
78 252
31 475
181 689
109 447
264 233
58 463
119 660
137 975
7 695
341 075
219 688
4 215
424 306
320 980
90 869
308 468
173 089
281 782
5 638
361 677
...
315 074
0
277 326
...
...
...
...
2 372
10 725
278 904
12 931
0
298 133
6 217
352
194 392
11 447
34
201 065
57 922
3 911
310 479
150 175
* 117 000
* 236 000
* 118 000
* 152 000
* 104 000
* 14 200
* 150 000
* 144 000
* 251 000
* 94 000
181 690
313 361
65 822
163 902
314 733
78 349
127 806
405 940
35 305
89 692
415 187
22 984
46 295
358 847
17 523
1 263 190
1 481 219
58 931
1 448 397
1 102 589
11 139
1 553 992
758 854
15 231
1 888 362
996 778
10 440
916 431
1 345 607
8 111
243 116
134 044
111 719
7 449
182
17 869
265
20 039
24 810
278 795
357 633
83 126
3 060
385 154
138 375
2 560
66 309
76 539
125
...
156 477
33
...
115 432
28
30 800
1 346 692
85 987
53 871
1 622 292
144 311
127 016
1 344 258
217 328
69 366
1 396 241
21 660
44 607
1 795 235
10
2
55 803
156 183
1
77 656
227 400
—
96 736
97 258
42 475
168 056
4 731
140 361
200 615
988
37 343
1 358 857
46 348
907 694
1 474 428
63 825
1 181 783
1 411 588
74 007
1 545 705
2 768 457
87 864
1 590 245
2 577 325
184 099
32
845 235
15 237
217
723 793
14 082
577 571
482 223
7 166
505 585
467 559
5 819
267 884
590 443
7 120
114 075
13 704
4 014
91 167
35 925
9 009
70 207
15 044
4 062
6 983
103 952
2 959
104
63 262
51
1 539 287
4 323 666
124 395
2 558 779
11 010 951
150 785
3 856 403
16 356 895
245 770
2 792 332
15 842 398
415 763
2 472 979
11 750 755
315 159
28 432
459 629
88 452
15 071
230 920
93 122
4 708
92 628
51 359
5 500
134 223
56 781
15 531
121 537
62 333
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
179
Cement
Imports of cement
Country
Austria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Belgium
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Bulgaria
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Croatia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Cyprus
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Czech Republic
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Denmark
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Estonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Finland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
France
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Germany
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Greece
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Hungary
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Iceland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Ireland, Republic of
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Italy
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Latvia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
180
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
520 714
626 723
39 568
456 127
753 529
40 766
404 998
639 545
52 715
407 616
637 550
71 535
393 132
913 116
60 349
746 734
860 913
368 325
627 133
954 591
292 741
684 634
819 923
252 247
740 528
1 030 282
172 609
717 664
1 113 638
158 441
123 806
5 690
1 829
248 737
13 645
1 110
45 002
481 991
955
16 167
448 220
2 510
17 478
431 780
6 147
27 488
340 112
5 242
50
393 886
7 447
1
393 613
10 620
967
344 352
7 619
144
326 526
4 200
17 498
1 017
66 787
29 311
15 455
249
29 579
2 512
69 780
545
109 392
918 739
30 602
134 179
932 685
23 816
101 031
890 776
51 482
121 682
702 257
48 336
44 577
765 382
31 074
35 555
243 348
52 662
33 825
289 307
38 687
31 847
208 467
46 117
23 732
180 249
38 797
29 888
244 007
19 941
31 127
2 536
25 438
4 613
—
30 424
13 474
36 354
(b)* 1 800
52 807
314 436
341 748
16 006
236 439
281 924
15 911
536
320 084
12 232
14 191
587 410
10 202
16 790
549 673
16 408
1 739 962
1 793 027
1 223 442
1 338 362
1 940 065
1 185 083
784 892
1 744 423
980 685
838 538
2 422 582
559 436
849 577
3 113 977
246 702
92 757
833 311
311 152
14 184
770 566
293 583
9 200
904 023
272 741
18 037
939 310
255 027
52 111
1 054 856
217 931
45 388
3 603
3 010
23 558
74 239
2 618
4 249
136 300
2 359
12 100
206 164
15 136
34 712
159 514
22 371
40 099
560 863
144 824
...
643 776
55 798
117 232
565 552
49 051
69 469
495 045
34 191
67 770
785 166
33 802
17 978
166 488
868
628
111 918
505
30
38 640
241
42
24 481
4 405
49
26 714
226
330 948
664 977
16 409
36 153
780 528
14 649
31 983
192 556
10 698
15 459
133 977
4 974
23 190
100 440
4 112
2 827 333
1 162 254
287 190
2 095 716
962 746
295 988
1 495 609
1 433 820
308 222
797 703
1 298 080
139 459
844 108
1 119 225
125 066
29 438
431 482
30 233
353 174
34 375
87 660
158
94 873
6 551
89 751
Cement
Imports continued
Country
Lithuania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Luxembourg
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Macedonia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Malta
Portland cement
Other cement
Montenegro
Portland cement
Other cement
Netherlands
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Norway
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Poland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Portugal
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Romania
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Serbia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovakia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Slovenia
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Spain
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Sweden
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Switzerland
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
Turkey
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
104 219
170 955
79 102
111 578
996
133 039
176 461
122 178
227 793
144 824
51 936
32 068
23 525
36 976
33 617
22 879
17 827
56 666
16 255
27 238
34 642
12 119
34 532
42 548
14 934
1
69 220
...
...
136 030
797
13 541
193 076
397
1 191
185 378
1 213
8 932
148 954
409
356 365
2 949
374 392
1 498
328 411
1 552
285 182
13 002
258 304
6 676
557 771
6 169
517 062
214 958
279 497
171 150
266 063
116 132
250 759
90 911
228 817
2 072 034
722 635
380 281
1 705 144
993 318
511 560
904 788
842 190
636 694
1 123 936
1 136 163
424 274
1 580 140
1 475 035
14 895
441 619
19 062
36 704
361 216
22 317
6 904
237 896
20 474
7 070
353 102
21 621
170
409 018
25 809
65 632
520 330
22 982
127 428
680 447
29 529
35 106
421 822
21 466
111 677
565 893
26 247
35 663
932 507
25 467
331 025
45 012
11 966
196 929
22 862
8 842
24 156
150 065
11 072
24 143
186 170
11 771
3 238
134 000
5 043
500 794
142 476
12 072
486 462
538 259
32 765
23 613
296 687
15 779
75 812
307 977
22 004
144 547
239 373
21 297
...
13 618
860
24 795
62 283
1 124
...
41 744
1 003
1 321
52 582
728
5 309
92 665
784
52 608
123 589
58 035
94 510
172 555
93 031
13 076
284 457
56 060
6 380
256 358
34 733
9 706
281 910
102 134
145 638
328 312
17 037
5 783
326 096
4 618
60
297 617
17 414
129
328 563
17 328
95 704
334 053
8 237
10 894 888
2 929 208
74 401
5 496 563
1 729 088
58 007
2 079 944
694 757
73 362
1 342 279
637 322
14 516
490 164
450 416
15 894
29 344
55 784
52 359
37 009
61 891
50 333
10 434
29 482
37 308
36 629
348 431
36 399
58 132
419 332
42 002
15 292
348 262
37 522
8 596
361 305
30 908
27 649
364 034
36 464
74 946
465 699
49 549
46 117
538 979
73 361
1 360 090
39 270
4 202
380 516
12 279
5 036
6 053
13 471
3 358
58 176
5 875
6 168
10 511
3 406
10 847
181
Cement
Imports continued
tonnes
Country
United Kingdom
Cement clinkers
Portland cement
Other cement
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
836 788
1 534 683
26 215
366 791
1 731 228
28 324
206 857
1 718 146
30 815
201 308
1 759 841
92 031
208 595
1 746 862
100 453
Cement - EU35 trade in 2011
France
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Austria
Poland
Hungary
Czech Republic
Switzerland
Finland
Spain
Sweden
Bulgaria
Norway
Slovakia
Slovenia
Montenegro
Croatia
Malta
Denmark
Romania
Greece
Macedonia
Lithuania
Portugal
Ireland, Republic of
Serbia
Latvia
Luxembourg
Estonia
Turkey
Cyprus
Exports
Imports
-14
182
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
Million tonnes
-2
0
2
4
Chromium
Chromium
Chromium is a hard metallic element that is an essential component of stainless steel and other alloy steels, where it is used in the form of
the alloy ferro-chromium. It is also used extensively in superalloys and metal plating. Its compounds are important pigments and the natural
mineral chromite is used in refractories.
South Africa was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 41 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Kazakhstan (19 per
cent), followed by India (14 per cent), Turkey (nine per cent) and Finland (three per cent).
EU35 Production of chromium ores and concentrates 2011
Turkey 76.7%
Rest of World 88.7%
EU35 11.3%
Finland 23.3%
Production of chromium ores and concentrates
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Finland
Turkey
556 000
1 678 932
614 000
1 885 712
247 000
1 770 029
598 000
2 461 314
693 000
2 281 981
EU35 Total
2 234 932
2 499 712
2 017 029
3 059 314
2 974 981
Note
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce chromite
183
Chromium
EU35 Production of chromium ores and concentrates 2007 - 11
3,500
Thousand tonnes
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of chromium
Country
Austria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Metal
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Lithuania
Ores and concentrates
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Metal
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
184
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
491
14 739
833
6 596
333
5 845
4
10 245
1 163
2 138
11 339
635
48 086
772
15 562
1 226
18 415
1 311
13 945
1 010
800
946
507
594
369
662
764
21
1 140
103
549
1 262
659
1 056
601
2 492
—
3 041
1 034
2 050
1 577
8 291
1 813
5 231
2 366
2 391
7 225
4 694
7 844
1 935
4 767
2 422
7 612
2 168
8 034
20 629
3 114
23 563
5 379
15 922
4 685
32 070
4 606
53 989
2 995
3 980
1 666
2 567
166
1 762
29
1 617
5
3 764
1
1 156
240
78
46
19
1 835
160
...
...
...
78 433
2 125
117 639
4 282
32 485
885
74 483
3 569
126 012
2 197
96
128
85
97
78
147
1 556
66
1 465
107
861
425
7 948
3 604
7 135
1 116
1 299
424
777
83
4
111
14
123
174
Chromium
Exports continued
Country
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 529
779
1 073
1 165
1 022
516
600
665
1 252
237
102
225
100
191
167
1 265 036
7
1 816 427
122
1 748 194
2 667
2 256 387
184
2 161 001
1 930
178
6 777
—
6 501
32 507
5 058
297
7 441
168
8 017
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Imports of chromium
Country
Austria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Croatia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Ores and concentrates
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
39 071
14 480
42 008
8 006
25 891
4 325
54 945
6 109
20 921
7 868
20 761
1 177
56 183
1 097
19 050
871
25 350
1 593
22 896
3 023
969
793
637
671
971
584
280
568
394
282
307
143
419
190
345
13 936
281
12 990
282
7 798
83
7 975
514
7 986
139
945
974
384
480
864
9 324
282
8 866
327
4 521
105
9 197
139
20 853
194
20 156
717
26 952
1 335
10 813
478
11 273
1 155
15 835
524
154 367
8 454
175 277
7 022
45 684
3 328
101 972
4 783
180 377
5 931
101
120
138
83
179
46 433
902
36 552
721
23 842
943
22 012
881
31 861
1 738
1 432
306
495
294
512
125 778
2 222
145 698
3 897
18 702
2 157
88 788
6 642
135 776
5 773
* 20
253
* 600
128
* 400
74
* 60
90
* 490
437
38 543
1 717
36 646
2 137
12 728
679
15 672
103
30 863
4 533
185
Chromium
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Slovakia
Ores and concentrates
Slovenia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Switzerland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 339
5 369
2 361
2 108
2 727
1 856
78
77 546
64
705
39
7 054
16
1 637
105
330
519
436
641
725
16 819
11 969
2 533
4 546
5 542
986
85
999
313
1 005
143
1 912
104
966
97
6 437
1 393
6 721
1 219
4 031
1 192
5 579
1 878
9 262
2 350
350 000
2 145
337 933
12 782
64 955
4 396
—
4 999
—
6 598
1 339
114
1 510
134
974
38
1 051
74
809
71
107 524
60
119 806
60
113 461
54
113 487
65
122 070
108
103 551
2 134
117 715
3 099
33 867
2 904
7 084
3 007
10 572
2 346
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Chromium ores and concentrates - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Netherlands
Turkey
Italy
Poland
Belgium
Austria
Finland
France
United Kingdom
Spain
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Portugal
Exports
Imports
-2,500 -2,250 -2,000 -1,750 -1,500 -1,250 -1,000
-750
Thousand tonnes
186
-500
-250
0
250
500
Chromium
Chromium metal - EU35 trade in 2011
Austria
Sweden
Germany
Netherlands
Poland
Belgium
Spain
United Kingdom
Italy
France
Norway
Croatia
Finland
Ireland, Republic of
Czech Republic
Turkey
Romania
Slovenia
Switzerland
Slovakia
Denmark
Exports
Imports
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Thousand tonnes
187
Coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible rock, composed of lithified plant remains. It is an important source of energy throughout the world.
Coal has two predominant end uses. Steam coal (or thermal coal) is burnt in power stations for electricity generation and is also used for
other domestic and industrial purposes. Coking coal, which commands a higher price, is used in the steel industry to de-oxidise iron ore in
the blast furnace. Both black coal (anthracite and bituminous) and brown coal (lignite) are used as steam coal; only bituminous coal is used
as coking coal.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 45 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (13 per cent),
followed by India (eight per cent), Australia and Indonesia (five per cent each).
EU35 Production of coal 2011
Romania 4.8%
Poland 19.8%
Serbia 5.8%
Others 4.9%
Rest of World 90.9%
Turkey 13.5%
EU35 9.1%
Greece 8.3%
United Kingdom 2.6%
Bulgaria 5.3%
Czech Republic 8.2%
Germany 26.9%
Production of coal
Country
Bulgaria
Lignite
Brown coal
Czech Republic
Bituminous
Lignite
Brown coal
Germany
Anthracite and bituminous
Brown coal
Greece
Lignite
Hungary
Lignite
Brown coal
Macedonia
Lignite
Montenegro
Lignite
Norway
Bituminous (a)
Poland
Bituminous
Lignite
Romania
Lignite
Brown coal
188
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
25 325 000
2 833 500
26 007 800
2 643 200
25 014 800
2 243 800
27 148 300
2 321 200
34 496 200
2 743 500
12 462 000
437 000
49 134 000
12 197 000
416 000
47 456 000
10 621 000
262 000
45 354 000
11 193 000
—
43 931 000
10 967 000
—
46 848 000
24 185 000
180 409 054
19 143 000
175 313 020
14 971 000
169 857 142
14 110 000
169 402 544
12 960 000
176 502 000
66 100 000
64 521 000
61 800 000
53 600 000
58 400 000
8 351 563
1 450 400
8 041 168
1 386 140
8 026 587
952 000
8 203 000
911 000
8 800 783
757 900
6 569 220
7 669 103
7 395 915
6 583 000
7 902 000
1 195 515
1 740 076
957 164
1 937 847
1 972 671
3 223 000
3 429 000
2 437 000
1 685 000
1 640 000
88 313 369
57 537 727
84 345 443
59 668 166
78 064 462
57 108 304
76 727 800
56 510 100
76 454 400
62 841 300
35 671 000
97 000
34 529 000
205 000
28 460 152
63 458
28 774 244
62 448
33 779 130
46 071
Coal
tonnes
Production continued
Country
Serbia
Bituminous
Lignite
Brown coal
Slovakia
Lignite
Brown coal
Slovenia
Lignite
Brown coal
Spain
Anthracite
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Lignite
Turkey
Anthracite
Lignite
United Kingdom
Bituminous (d)
EU35 Total
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
58 000
36 803 000
204 000
66 000
(b)(c) 31 332 000
...
69 000
(c) 38 070 579
209 660
108 000
(c) 37 562 840
193 492
134 000
(c) 40 467 132
349 861
20 000
1 839 000
87 000
2 075 000
155 000
2 221 000
176 000
2 026 000
124 000
1 989 000
4 037 766
483 417
4 008 440
488 828
3 921 746
510 769
4 010 930
419 466
4 066 278
435 800
3 485 083
4 387 416
3 128 081
6 112 946
3 152 550
4 085 652
2 890 230
—
4 306 033
2 898 340
2 493 577
—
3 212 603
2 776 918
2 428 877
—
2 489 797
1 774 991
2 357 557
—
3 230 787
74 316 728
3 343 409
86 074 626
3 773 603
82 263 104
6 312 137
86 943 392
5 619 316
89 805 602
17 070 000
18 053 000
17 874 000
18 417 000
18 492 000
718 470 572
704 366 851
672 355 195
667 688 138
705 216 289
Notes
(1) There is no international agreement as to the separate definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they are distinguished.
Elsewhere both may be aggregated under one or other term
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Spitzbergen: not including production from mines controlled by Russia
Including brown coal
Excluding production in Kosovo
Including anthracite
EU35 coal all forms 2007 - 11
800
700
Million tonnes
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
189
Coal
Exports of coal
Country
Belgium
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Bulgaria
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Czech Republic
Anthracite
Hard coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Denmark
Hard coal
Estonia
Hard coal
France
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Germany
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Greece
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Hungary
Anthracite
Lignite
Ireland, Republic of
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Italy
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Latvia
Hard coal (a)
Briquettes
Lithuania
Hard coal (a)
Montenegro
Lignite
Netherlands
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Poland
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Portugal
Anthracite
Romania
Hard coal
Serbia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
190
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 454 115
3 670 706
130
6 812
1 400 377
4 416 217
10 581
11 331
675 097
4 640 602
7 267
11 452
1 652 015
4 211 655
18 781
18 899
1 915 992
2 560 811
42 164
40 374
17 358
—
36 095
53
11 511
5 862
76 508
9 525
126 229
2 744
3 684
6 729 290
1 076 140
112 450
6 393
5 987 431
1 561 097
75 459
2 783
6 025 794
1 207 715
93 479
1 126
6 443 306
1 019 645
90 864
3 463
6 253 274
1 071 038
103 816
75 866
27 070
(a) 1 973 198
(b)* 10 000
464 851
(a) 2 035
(b)* 13 000
(a) 20 296
(a) 16 452
(a) 2 312
13 161
200 682
2 013
57 436
128 614
1 380
5 272
91 266
6 045
9 551
121 733
4 495
4 760
113 718
2 390
7 444
309 501
140 400
72 008
16 575
518 629
425 680
370 211
179 880
129 955
523 720
493 552
222 458
31 492
696 279
463 102
165 471
39 712
789 315
467 383
4 802
20 915
—
3 223
5 203
—
3 274
1 525
—
2 073
1 499
—
2 175
6 478
10 242
...
—
402
89 444
...
41 329
9 151
3 390
5 077
4 886
30 451
4 395
...
...
6 158
6 508
2
3 861
9 858
—
5 820
12 695
6
2 851
11 333
29 275
12 576
5 874
13 456
18 563
492
15 474
14 733
514
12 817
1 485
3 923
17 611
571
213
—
21
3 140
79
170
74
3 136
3 262
26 100
6 402
4 599
7 685
10 915
33 109
28 271
57 406
40 449
58 381
69 130
48 940
158 572
14 089 233
10 188
109 516
6 399 941
15
78 064
5 154 853
16 347
41 054
7 580 839
144 797
303 741
8 239 446
294 637
30 256
11 761 743
—
...
16 173
7 775 799
1 009
71
5 282
8 368 190
68 273
363
41 908
10 323 041
116 682
2 114
43 370
676 364
145 063
15 992
10 557
9 382
4 409
7 136
7 405
(a) 67 304
(a) 5 331
(a) 19 771
(a) 73 002
35 712
9 867
15 707
339 764
23
3 102
4 068
217 029
5 333
3 784
14 530
120 553
630
4 434
3 801
112 009
8 724
2 507
1 116
32 337
573
Coal
Exports continued
Country
Slovakia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Slovenia
Lignite
Spain
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Turkey
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
United Kingdom
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
11 889
14 711
28 096
5 515
366 200
59 568
2 927
105 417
7 477
725
5 128
55
6 198
2 552
908
2 150
377
4 615
...
—
101 968
872 269
...
186 293
1 636 071
21 735
123 114
1 252 923
193
337 930
1 149 991
599
337 833
851 716
250
1 694
2 224
11 819
1 043
55 510
13 980
194
1 715
6 253
717
37 319
4 554
5 210
802
43 942
123 549
419 193
1 965
27 591
165 473
742 582
2 334
52 605
119 472
391 414
2 186
68 226
89 701
615 067
2 408
89 125
97 014
502 581
1 334
117 025
Notes
(1) This table excludes bunker shipments
(a) Including anthracite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of coal
Country
Austria
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Belgium
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Bulgaria
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Croatia
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Cyprus
Hard coal (a)
Czech Republic
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Denmark
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Estonia
Hard coal (a)
Finland
Hard coal (a)
France
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 509 917
53 331
13 045
4 118 906
46 392
26 474
4 082 877
72 734
30 538
3 618 128
68 777
34 999
3 365 054
74 609
35 695
2 822 426
9 620 488
272 708
25 140
3 964 878
10 171 283
365 152
20 943
1 436 499
5 807 413
256 167
31 346
2 660 267
6 851 382
362 257
27 379
3 382 132
5 887 514
411 424
53 793
2 229 619
2 415 165
112 775
2 841 458
2 054 649
66 676
1 938 000
1 130 146
10 238
1 858 397
1 081 783
46 754
2 203 775
1 032 074
19
1 101 803
62 789
2 604
1 189 379
58 417
2 796
712 873
47 504
1 730
1 112 822
85 413
1 823
1 092 794
85 316
2 302
56 896
46 258
28 911
7 714
129
45 114
2 507 091
33 472
1 393
39 211
2 181 691
33 579
18 654
24 054
1 761 947
36 617
60 962
24 471
2 016 443
49 426
137 933
95 762
2 286 190
76 620
157 513
47 233
8 034 596
194
45 282
7 412 557
1 000
12 593
6 423 923
455
48
3 670 544
7 554
6
(c)* 6 975 000
14 768
175 599
123 194
30 413
77 300
89 422
6 669 717
5 671 385
5 937 153
5 919 757
6 972 540
3 532 378
15 425 960
51 589
175 350
2 817 048
18 470 782
68 426
154 140
1 914 614
13 893 343
51 577
151 863
2 291 609
16 688 152
52 076
129 465
1 304 643
14 073 053
82 504
102 257
191
Coal
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Germany
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Greece
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Hungary
Hard coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Iceland
Anthracite
Other coal
Ireland, Republic of
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Italy
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Latvia
Hard coal (a)
Lithuania
Hard coal (a)
Luxembourg
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Macedonia
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Briquettes
Montenegro
Lignite
Briquettes
Netherlands
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Norway
Anthracite (b)
Other coal (b)(c)
Briquettes
Poland
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Portugal
Anthracite
Other coal
Romania
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Serbia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
192
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 353 426
37 993 445
15 411
96 169
4 137 690
37 215 220
39 248
70 400
3 893 429
30 926 568
37 839
132 895
3 643 048
34 850 251
24 400
404 681
2 535 881
40 187 648
41 768
291 675
59 007
382 933
3 029
1 144
41 475
371 479
35 457
111
37 585
168 663
58 053
5 827
48 783
512 663
87 707
62
117 406
169 990
165 417
12 986
1 950 139
572 742
13 589
1 893 076
767 480
16 093
(a) 1 340 769
413 094
17 519
(a) 1 744 778
297 335
14 352
(a) 1 570 645
318 792
11 018
107 686
31 882
91 576
6 609
104 094
9 903
101 220
3 521
103 822
6 701
33 175
1 830 979
14 271
47 392
2 169 185
19 049
53 413
1 721 651
40 482
77 112
1 601 294
31 507
33 665
2 149 095
30 673
406 331
25 111 043
6 921
490 757
25 745 375
5 392
210 384
20 165 036
7 786
408 391
21 820 370
6 233
394 026
23 656 907
3 857
153 806
169 211
136 277
181 348
198 165
356 342
382 695
215 439
316 971
392 359
42 128
59 201
5 992
34 471
81 616
7 119
16 525
83 454
7 093
24 834
76 133
7 090
16 256
73 322
7 710
199 946
1 532
63 805
214 078
...
56 640
85 660
340
9 207
160 162
23 409
7 623
189 549
42 052
22 546
7 285
12 181
12 792
15 410
6 734
3 448
—
(c) 0
62
3
62 577
24 622 621
29 517
68 765
79 784
17 843 689
5 265
53 432
8 005
14 084 993
29 239
53 030
44 958
18 783 491
21 933
132 281
225 184
18 008 920
15 824
429 514
76 744
* 527 000
706
81 955
* 538 000
24 406
54 199
* 367 000
1 074
78 387
* 205 000
1 160
79 140
* 230 000
733
449 362
5 442 327
8 946
3 986
553 152
9 531 959
18 057
10 960
310 290
10 362 090
30 307
25 788
583 158
13 127 065
35 973
60 548
582 605
14 090 331
67 550
60 758
44 447
4 733 158
48 793
3 721 513
28 472
4 922 698
21 454
2 648 704
30 860
3 592 502
68 924
4 421 709
575 514
237 051
110 484
3 008 391
121 227
148 890
56 296
937 077
62 469
102 372
72 776
936 727
718
96 428
148 260
840 669
1 706
197
5 220
308 197
215 602
3 923
10 500
326 808
249 563
6 071
10 752
89 731
276 033
2 181
18 056
156 846
307 250
11 130
16 456
183 713
615 026
8 975
Coal
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Slovakia
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Slovenia
Hard coal (a)
Lignite
Spain
Anthracite
Other coal
Sweden
Anthracite
Other coal
Briquettes
Switzerland
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
Turkey
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
United Kingdom
Anthracite
Other coal
Lignite
Briquettes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
176 682
4 802 258
725 586
5 813
258 597
4 253 530
983 151
6 733
264 286
3 828 520
693 786
7 877
293 054
3 078 570
563 021
12 799
713 105
3 110 255
534 118
14 836
83 100
567 139
74 508
833 308
33 143
507 013
26 873
544 523
30 629
515 659
1 019 341
23 420 766
957 293
20 010 533
767 027
15 967 793
846 015
10 983 379
852 813
15 315 861
25 832
3 154 331
287
36 163
2 811 668
9 029
20 373
1 831 397
33
48 767
3 236 437
43
38 136
2 971 646
52
9 539
214 684
84 654
3 908
18 721
132 824
80 814
3 986
5 444
172 990
66 483
4 933
7 164
124 096
62 756
3 328
7 144
92 473
69 378
2 887
530 393
13 850 371
...
707 425
18 781 879
...
457 575
19 501 679
...
972 425
21 048 121
5 339
990 996
22 721 500
...
135 941
43 024 560
10
6 501
213 318
43 038 043
20
14 131
207 327
36 553 574
0
9 021
187 246
23 227 529
96
11 169
193 474
31 627 894
776
21 142
Notes
(a) Including anthracite
(b) Excludes coal imported from Spitzbergen
(c) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Coal - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
Turkey
Netherlands
Spain
France
Poland
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
Slovakia
Portugal
Austria
Bulgaria
Sweden
Czech Republic
Ireland, Republic of
Hungary
Croatia
Romania
Serbia
Slovenia
Greece
Lithuania
Norway
Macedonia
Latvia
Switzerland
Iceland
Luxembourg
Estonia
Montenegro
Exports
Imports
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Millons tonnes
25
30
35
40
45
193
Cobalt
Cobalt
Cobalt is a lustrous, greyish-silver, brittle metal. It is also very hard and can take a high polish. It retains its strength at high temperatures
and is ferromagnetic, which means it is capable of being magnetised. Cobalt is extensively used as an alloying metal and is valued for its
ability to produce very hard superalloys with useful magnetic properties and resistance to high temperatures. It is also used in the
manufacture of chemical compounds for a wide range of industrial uses, in rechargeable batteries and as a pigment in glass, enamels,
pottery and china.
Democratic Republic of Congo was the world’s largest producer of mined cobalt in 2011, with 72 per cent of the total world output. The
second largest was Canada (five per cent), followed by China (also five per cent), Zambia (four per cent) and Australia (three per cent).
China was the world’s largest producer of cobalt metal in 2011, with 42 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Finland
(13 per cent), followed by Canada and Zambia (seven per cent each) and Australia (six per cent).
Mine production of cobalt
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Finland
* 120
* 100
* 27
* 140
480
EU35 Production of cobalt metal 2011
Finland 61.7%
France 2.1%
Rest of World 79.1%
EU35 20.9%
Norway 17.8%
Belgium 18.5%
Cobalt
Production of cobalt metal
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Belgium (a)
Finland
France
Norway
2 825
9 173
305
3 939
3 020
9 645
311
3 719
2 150
8 970
368
3 510
2 600
9 429
302
3 208
3 187
10 627
354
3 067
EU35 Total
16 242
16 695
14 998
15 539
17 235
Notes
(1) In addition to the production listed above, several countries, including the United Kingdom, are known to produce substantial amounts
of cobalt compounds
(a) Some metal production in China is recorded in Belgium
194
Cobalt
EU35 Production of cobalt metal 2007 - 2011
20,000
18,000
Tonnes
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of cobalt
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ore
Metal (a)
Finland
Oxides (a)
Metal (a)
France
Oxides
Metal
Germany
Ore
Oxides
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Ore
Oxides
Metal
Italy
Oxides
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Netherlands
Oxides
Metal
Norway
Metal
Poland
Oxides
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Oxides
Sweden
Metal
Switzerland
Metal
United Kingdom
Ore
Oxides
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
19
31
60
72
60
1 204
* 21 600
1 112
* 7 000
1 227
* 4 700
633
* 4 400
2 431
* 2 400
* 2 400
* 5 700
* 2 600
* 5 700
* 3 100
* 4 500
* 5 400
* 3 900
* 6 400
* 4 200
91
1 006
28
859
50
706
3
785
3
1 086
457
158
2 067
145
158
1 588
103
69
1 067
88
102
1 481
—
113
1 393
113
152
45
144
0
47
84
—
145
184
—
234
68
—
125
223
168
235
220
141
205
206
187
224
230
3
7
3
1
305
127
1 579
959
1 090
65
353
144
1 733
67
2 062
4 030
3 731
3 550
3 325
3 064
5
24
64
8
3
31
24
50
65
33
56
7
33
19
14
152
67
285
220
99
94
120
70
80
97
0
689
2 300
12
798
2 614
0
891
2 572
2
1 267
1 780
5
820
1 739
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
195
Cobalt
Imports of cobalt
Country
Austria
Metal
Oxides
Belgium
Ore
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Denmark
Oxides
Finland
Ore
Metal
Oxides
France
Metal
Oxides
Germany
Ore
Metal
Oxides
Greece
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Ore
Metal
Italy
Metal
Oxides
Luxembourg
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Oxides
Norway
Metal
Oxides
Poland
Metal
Oxides
Romania
Oxides
Slovakia
Metal
Oxides
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Metal
Oxides
Sweden
Metal
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
Oxides
United Kingdom
Ore
Metal
Oxides
196
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
631
4
740
40
331
5
653
10
718
9
121
275
185
255
272
249
156
222
379
368
108
199
220
60
60
5
8
15
19
42
26 449
27 590
346
26 500
36 405
167
15 146
24 002
46
9 867
30 623
233
8 994
53 059
172
3 137
658
2 251
574
1 203
578
1 681
635
2 338
841
12
3 150
898
15
2 921
1 057
42
2 017
902
115
3 864
1 069
170
4 946
900
42
123
14
3
17
571
298
36
622
28
777
10
756
5
601
626
1 682
703
561
632
473
477
707
758
719
212
243
11
163
811
1 270
489
1 124
244
* 491
54
962
118
1 023
596
3 871
...
3 131
...
3 012
155
2 132
—
684
0
69
18
51
30
53
15
52
18
47
114
29
6
37
41
79
37
0
1 020
0
19
5 327
7
137
7
97
96
93
149
141
110
121
1 187
131
1 038
135
1 035
144
1 543
159
1 837
676
698
189
396
571
454
386
243
318
298
176
142
148
152
125
150
145
199
171
277
0
5 422
180
72
5 395
138
200
3 928
168
143
5 963
198
124
6 093
256
Cobalt
Cobalt - EU35 trade in 2011
Finland
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Spain
Netherlands
Italy
Exports
Austria
Imports
Norway
Turkey
Poland
Ireland, Republic of
Sweden
Switzerland
Metal
Belgium
Oxide
Luxembourg
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Thousand Tonnes
197
Copper
Copper
Copper is reddish, malleable and ductile metallic element with excellent thermal and electrical conductive qualities. It is a very important
industrial material and is used in the electrical, electronics, transportation and construction industries.
Chile was the world’s largest producer of mined copper in 2011, with 32 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was China
(eight per cent), followed by Peru (also eight per cent), USA (seven per cent) and Australia (six per cent).
China was the world’s largest producer of refined copper in 2011, with 27 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Chile
(16 per cent), followed by Japan (seven per cent), USA and Russia (five per cent each).
EU35 Mine production of copper 2011
Portugal 8.9%
Serbia 2.8%
Spain 7.3%
Sweden 9.0%
Rest of World 94.3%
Turkey 10.2%
EU35 5.7%
Bulgaria 12.4%
Finland 1.5%
Others 1.9%
Poland 46.0%
Mine production of copper
Country
tonnes (metal content)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Finland
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
116 157
3 012
13 600
7 029
451 900
90 182
2 213
16 500
6 281
62 905
81 000
107 195
2 986
13 300
8 051
429 687
89 026
308
17 600
7 071
57 688
83 000
110 652
2 380
14 600
7 440
439 365
86 462
3 129
19 400
17 663
55 414
87 070
112 904
2 595
14 700
7 900
425 700
74 011
5 127
22 500
54 335
76 514
81 500
114 603
3 660
14 000
7 600
426 700
82 200
6 355
25 800
67 983
82 967
95 000
EU35 Total
850 779
815 912
843 575
877 786
926 868
1,000
EU35 Mine production of copper 2007 - 11
900
Thousand tonnes
(metal content)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2007
198
2008
2009
2010
2011
Copper
EU35 Smelter production of copper 2011
Serbia 1.6%
Poland 26.8%
Spain 14.5%
Rest of World 86.4%
EU35 13.6%
Sweden 11.5%
Norway 2.0%
Turkey 2.0%
Germany 19.3%
Bulgaria 15.9%
Finland 6.5%
Smelter production of copper
Country
Bulgaria
Finland
Germany
Norway
Poland
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
EU35 Total
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
217 600
118 911
270 200
34 200
518 303
30 200
257 348
203 100
17 900
257 100
142 154
295 000
37 000
492 942
31 900
259 897
203 700
38 000
256 200
110 479
251 000
33 900
457 510
27 000
264 971
183 400
—
265 000
112 687
378 700
36 200
469 656
20 000
259 119
181 500
—
285 000
116 455
346 200
36 000
481 875
28 200
260 730
206 100
35 600
1 667 762
1 757 693
1 584 460
1 722 862
1 796 160
Note
(1) This table shows primary metal in the form of blister and anode produced from concentrates, and may include copper produced from
scrap but this is excluded when it can be separately identified
EU35 Smelter production of copper 2007 - 11
2,000
Thousand tonnes
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
199
Copper
EU35 Production of refined copper 2011
Poland 20.1%
Others 5.4%
Spain 12.5%
Rest of World 85.5%
EU35 14.5%
Germany 25.0%
Sweden 7.7%
Austria 4.0%
Finland 4.4%
Belgium 13.9%
Bulgaria 7.1%
Production of refined copper
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Finland
Germany
Italy
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
EU35 Total
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
81 400
394 000
69 900
3 012
109 870
665 517
28 600
34 200
532 975
18 589
31 600
308 372
213 894
99 600
106 700
395 800
114 200
2 986
131 249
689 763
24 200
37 000
526 808
15 300
33 800
319 050
227 774
88 000
96 200
373 700
183 600
2 380
105 411
668 945
6 500
33 900
502 462
4 600
27 400
329 356
205 759
33 500
113 700
389 000
195 400
2 595
120 528
704 300
1 800
36 200
547 074
—
22 200
347 518
190 497
47 300
112 500
393 600
201 100
3 660
124 360
708 800
2 000
36 000
571 000
—
25 300
353 790
219 316
85 000
2 591 529
2 712 630
2 573 713
2 718 112
2 836 426
Note
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal recovered from secondary
materials by remelting alone is excluded
EU35 Production of refined copper 2007 - 11
3,000
Thousand tonnes
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007
200
2008
2009
2010
2011
Copper
Exports of copper
Country
Austria
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Croatia
Scrap
Cyprus
Unwrought
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Scrap
Finland
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
France
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Greece
Scrap
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Hungary
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Ireland, Republic of
Scrap
Italy
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Latvia
Unwrought
Scrap
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 323
38 642
34
82 951
1 239
719
35 582
75
114 903
938
3 109
50 748
217
115 480
1 058
960
52 702
7 636
135 132
804
0
55 454
7 780
128 551
690
1 061
1 104
188 318
10 730
199 650
14 593
2 155
4 139
162 090
10 533
257 907
10 954
4 594
2 432
110 355
11 570
248 500
9 253
4 549
6 935
141 380
42 836
189 253
12 116
2 046
9 042
165 713
40 660
187 595
11 763
168 155
6 335
11 590
139 251
45 761
105 889
3 559
10 547
146 271
105 747
134 910
4 749
10 717
73 379
153 025
86 171
5 048
18 226
7 926
206 309
131 874
5 827
12 982
10 844
353 450
12 378
10 884
10 202
13 329
12 597
3 006
2 122
2 986
2 381
2 449
3 400
2 550
4 619
3 660
4 086
6 752
58 534
3 548
3 597
63 825
4 278
10 653
105 230
3 992
11 041
123 688
3 515
10 703
85 202
2 884
31 569
33 421
31 711
30 006
33 289
7 784
8 185
5 633
6 915
5 171
32 872
10 490
33 543
32 585
27 525
68 331
32 762
37 084
41 139
32 819
35 132
57 969
33 714
24 908
41 603
331
284 890
399
67 366
13 140
252
266 930
512
54 893
13 049
720
235 277
1 002
59 426
9 455
102
292 631
7 356
23 258
12 786
247
305 883
9 545
35 309
10 624
61 535
24
117 701
480 700
22 436
48 234
2
125 162
478 643
16 485
58 932
1
194 104
449 990
9 781
48 761
8 431
136 110
578 448
13 276
54 856
9
196 627
585 346
12 276
14 669
1 944
995
12 314
356
1 198
15 742
2 748
1 071
21 994
825
2 097
18 672
4 456
4 346
23 394
...
20 958
989
19 120
314
15 319
571
31 459
1 120
9 836
21 421
23 305
13 172
10 168
2 244
120 231
10 903
11 521
20 830
911
148 923
6 426
6 955
15 268
90
158 062
2 752
13 186
12 787
61
167 424
7 290
8 648
15 553
1
174 068
8 502
13 506
20 024
3 272
7 309
4 117
6 900
2 518
6 138
726
7 106
1 650
13 679
201
Copper
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Lithuania
Unwrought
Scrap
Luxembourg
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates (a)
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Montenegro
Scrap
Netherlands
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Norway
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Poland
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovakia
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Slovenia
Unwrought
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Switzerland
Unwrought
Scrap
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
202
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
196
4 814
135
4 675
610
3 375
591
4 128
4 873
5 724
6 348
...
2 412
...
1 787
11
2 492
7
2 449
1
* 35 000
2 277
* 41 000
2 302
* 39 000
2 029
* 41 000
576
* 39 000
2 845
1 790
1 890
1 828
919
1 096
1 480
1 356
1 029
1 769
2 356
43 620
229 090
5 680
27 105
241 332
6 693
29 260
143 329
2 413
20 175
283 847
2 379
34 435
315 437
3 057
34 007
24 066
1 161
36 734
22 561
756
32 927
25 339
570
35 975
37 829
546
35 953
45 889
596
2 187
239 508
64 377
6 397
2 989
296 738
63 779
5 469
1 515
325 395
64 606
2 358
956
332 989
68 686
1 180
1 567
327 585
60 544
1 260
399 589
227
24 566
375 755
600
22 184
371 881
2 098
20 213
305 485
1 887
24 491
327 096
9 969
36 151
23 689
11 569
35 856
33 391
8 494
39 733
6 711
4 502
42 148
31 582
956
49 248
39 704
186
54 536
2 250
333
12 525
7 176
3 448
41
4 421
7 637
1 452
1 928
4 328
7 920
1 666
2 501
10 921
12 286
2 234
1 649
9 544
9 991
23 502
24 446
9 786
21 144
28 392
6 749
15 114
26 251
3 721
15 550
7 431
27 576
19 522
11 508
32 017
163
17 810
244
15 606
1 376
17 991
7 042
29 276
5 847
22 126
905
88 429
37 210
48 288
12 679
463
83 820
41 676
85 899
12 139
110 724
100 498
38 761
108 716
12 150
221 429
102 236
33 973
151 204
15 881
583 874
87 122
37 314
86 800
15 809
...
66 232
54 673
...
8 837
49
70 047
57 245
70 047
5 610
—
77 745
55 603
...
3 181
24
71 394
43 311
...
8 563
8 010
92 971
58 031
...
5 615
1 002
75 542
1 159
82 687
623
71 204
832
75 973
1 030
84 373
36 046
6 219
8 920
5 594
251 958
34 910
9 670
6 869
356 922
4 505
16 426
2 237
421 536
2 106
12 426
6 764
257 914
2 845
5 124
10 135
Copper
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2
16
346 361
786
8 489
18 142
118
28
358 981
3 066
4 850
17 822
68
14
429 467
205
14 059
11 839
39
33
421 868
185
8 863
12 782
51
36
513 394
194
17 951
16 872
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' copper corresponds to items 7402, 7403, 7405 of the Harmonised System and includes both
unrefined (including blister) and refined copper
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified. The term 'scrap' includes scrap alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of copper
Country
Austria
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Croatia
Unwrought
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Denmark
Unwrought
Scrap
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
France
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Greece
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
91 043
26 678
20 614
2 485
113 109
39 590
8 855
1 866
134 063
24 445
4 868
1 617
145 903
36 218
10 361
1 412
130 675
44 412
16 680
1 376
21 137
6 310
312 885
224 439
28 695
2 692
12 039
4 482
249 718
206 660
54 380
1 749
17 378
36 352
215 202
212 932
79 524
2 669
10 554
29 857
272 816
191 159
61 447
4 917
13 735
41 741
255 661
206 987
34 734
5 134
539 325
10 025
28 226
12 899
609 258
34 997
30 422
23 856
635 039
15 160
8 016
20 730
575 192
13 642
8 272
35 464
836 387
2 006
12 441
52 461
729
880
760
944
1 627
15 156
8 966
3 755
11 474
8 677
3 862
21 475
9 639
3 050
6 846
11 804
3 674
6 252
18 859
3 388
2 901
9 187
2 818
11 235
1 413
10 388
1 978
9 125
2 255
9 075
448 119
2 777
2 644
4 178
536 584
2 490
4 146
3 542
352 370
16 298
7 349
2 415
458 174
4 212
6 967
2 783
415 365
4 711
7 726
2 528
432 225
90 195
14 389
435 455
81 036
8 987
265 766
50 753
7 980
227 271
72 220
9 242
226 312
81 824
9 148
1 300 491
14 880
595 751
31 830
844 747
48 261
1 088 291
10 102
563 560
24 706
833 354
40 073
1 252 430
4 133
454 753
46 840
658 703
38 538
1 128 472
12 739
626 442
23 331
743 934
36 249
1 124 525
2 742
647 084
68 147
737 763
35 493
105 722
10 148
6 855
79 928
18 628
9 393
57 367
11 245
305
63 443
20 017
241
53 615
29 253
643
203
Copper
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Hungary
Unwrought
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Italy
Scrap
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Latvia
Unwrought
Lithuania
Unwrought
Luxembourg
Scrap
Netherlands
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Norway
Unwrought
Scrap
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Portugal
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Unwrought
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Slovakia
Matte and cement
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovenia
Unwrought
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
Switzerland
Unwrought
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
204
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 492
1 405
3 016
5 933
2 168
10 091
3 637
4 038
4 819
5 416
21
30 176
42 945
2
2
177 546
746 482
24 996
167 212
617 420
18 531
91 519
544 197
8 166
129 074
627 826
14 679
148 358
614 659
15 910
1 396
3 609
3 049
712
2 153
388
1 454
415
596
4 652
15 791
8 833
7 533
10 708
10 061
117 259
18 130
151 515
3 379
116 503
26
35 077
2 440
—
2 678
33 771
1 329
144 426
7 194
26 982
2 101
204 327
5 502
41 659
2 111
3 650
13 486
3 133
11 189
1 627
9 727
4 609
9 891
909
12 856
61 319
10 062
18 596
23 880
7 024
4 516
62 443
—
19 269
33 376
6 629
3 012
78 027
—
22 153
40 030
13 838
2 408
38 000
612
24 316
33 717
26 944
2 813
45 484
—
26 201
23 581
11 822
2 939
5 309
8 503
5 534
10 229
8 480
7 550
9 661
8 819
9 103
7 973
25 093
1 710
22 116
4 197
10 926
437
2 282
2 443
2 915
3 218
50 519
1 341
21 875
55 655
761
21 875
33 808
0
20 685
...
26
37 046
3 063
2
26 943
...
1 557
17 476
...
4 120
17 350
3 300
4 685
29 141
799
6 153
40 347
10
7 531
30 687
2 809
10 431
2 649
9 687
2 826
11 452
8 369
22 407
7 062
12 350
1 001 284
75
56 754
1 032
56 237
5 417
1 122 093
...
65 765
3 733
79 125
4 352
1 184 321
21
68 166
3 133
80 898
3 473
1 229 148
992
82 931
518
73 904
3 947
1 482 354
17 530
89 499
12 747
62 695
6 719
420 050
81 015
10 495
31 535
5 867
393 295
91 839
23 539
21 123
5 239
362 803
96 542
22 072
23 107
2 040
302 514
108 971
3 100
46 383
5 181
300 878
121 099
5 843
31 760
3 186
5 960
7 995
4 089
5 903
5 266
3 925
3 473
2 710
3 276
3 229
6 061
4 137
2 353
4 178
3 520
Copper
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Matte and cement
Scrap
Unwrought, unrefined
Unwrought, refined
Unwrought alloys
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
32
3 013
34 389
128 077
1 975
3 884
1 263
38 116
287 705
3 060
0
870
4 852
289 672
2 828
1 329
3 943
5 892
332 482
6 601
5
6 181
4 329
337 337
9 450
1 676
2
21 852
7 401
46 820
6 202
699
14
21 132
5 529
47 716
5 721
581
1
18 549
3 034
45 249
4 066
189
22
27 495
2 039
40 708
5 688
125
20
29 010
1 267
34 627
5 498
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' copper corresponds to items 7402, 7403, 7405 of the Harmonised System and includes both
unrefined (including blister) and refined copper
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified. The term 'scrap' includes scrap alloys
Copper - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Italy
Turkey
Belgium
France
Spain
Austria
Greece
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Sweden
Poland
Serbia
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Portugal
Slovakia
Finland
Slovenia
Switzerland
Hungary
Lithuania
Romania
Denmark
Latvia
Croatia
Norway
Cyprus
Luxembourg
-1,000
Exports
Imports
Metal
Scrap
-750
-500
-250
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
Thousand tonnes
205
Diamond
Diamond
Diamond is a polymorph of carbon and is the hardest substance known. It is used mainly in jewellery, abrasives and cutting tools.
Russia was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 28 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Botswana (19 per cent),
followed by Democratic Republic of Congo (16 per cent), Canada (nine per cent) and Zimbabwe (seven per cent).
Exports of diamond
Country
Austria
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Dust
Belgium
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Czech Republic
Gem, cut
Denmark
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
France
Unsorted
Gem
Dust
Germany
Unsorted (a)
Gem
Industrial
Dust
Greece
Unsorted
Gem
Industrial
Ireland, Republic of
Industrial
Dust
Italy
Gem, cut
Dust
Luxembourg
Dust
Netherlands
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Portugal
Gem, cut
Dust
Slovakia
Dust
Spain
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
206
Carats
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
£85 000
£2 792 000
£115 000
£71 000
£5 778 000
£165 000
£189 000
£4 053 000
£260 000
£729 000
£3 564 000
£225 000
£3 302 000
£6 211 000
£66 000
135 000 000
8 001 010
1 000 000
27 000 000
99 500 000
5 950 000
500 000
84 955 146
85 500 000
5 178 000
1 670 000
66 748 549
113 000 000
6 034 000
3 320 000
89 603 589
90 500 000
6 232 100
3 170 746
85 513 940
£529 000
£3 947 000
£3 046 000
£4 465 000
£7 709 000
135 000
995 000
75 000
15 000
95 000
3 000 000
1 025 000
5 000
15 000
685 000
40 000
5 400 000
...
520 000
90 000
7 625 000
2 875 000
545 000
125 000
24 850 000
22 863
227 372
428 165
9 386
293 420
838 620
8 723
394 845
940 610
3 743
145 682
1 609 470
869
129 943
8 768 911
* £760 000
157 055
8 952
3 366 830
* £1 285 000
155 988
11 966
3 410 935
* £775 000
179 213
22 919
2 560 000
* £863 000
161 687
7 080
5 355 000
* £489 000
154 445
5 224
12 810 000
£23 000
£281 000
£44 000
£29 000
£501 000
£105 000
£206 000
£1 356 000
£31 000
£43 000
£1 956 000
£49 000
£99 000
£405 000
£20 000
24 845 000
...
4 872
...
204 108
25 308 022
58 658
65 757 012
2 801 447
419 763 462
131 174
66 016 904
149 203
10 384 560
155 195
1 550 895
243 170
15 054 770
181 572
14 873 656
540 955
346 291 881
313 330
750 900
1 006 960
£1 000 000
£6 214 000
£1 891 000
£82 000
£442 000
£7 567 000
£2 156 000
£45 000
£494 000
£3 780 000
£1 415 000
£196 000
£371 000
£3 132 000
£2 179 000
£51 000
£1 799 000
£16 418 000
£1 282 000
£57 000
£105 000
10 000
£55 000
—
£52 000
10 000
£550
92 107
£61 000
788 459
...
...
100
6 250 000
2 934 017
£346 000
£8 478 000
£208 000
254 600
£503 000
£6 631 000
£498 000
400 810
£266 000
£5 328 000
£171 000
182 628
£292 000
£7 350 000
£210 000
689 563
£154 000
£9 802 000
£590 000
8 454 551
Diamond
Carats
Exports continued
Country
Switzerland
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Turkey
Dust
United Kingdom
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 360
559 591
12 100
40 985 000
7 888
582 240
34 058
44 105 000
1 230
252 685
7 139
30 400 000
14 892
357 976
7 902
60 980 000
3 628
435 272
8 978
70 880 000
466 500
3 494 000
1 000 025
1 253 750
7 702 486
5 307 857
84 573 134
477 463
4 754 029
104 552 775
3 388 395
66 479 817
795 612
6 121 081
122 681 695
4 090 534
43 775 775
257 202
4 440 922
105 427 105
3 689 202
51 769 860
283 435
2 478 568
113 451 535
2 735 369
41 541 219
1 292 162
3 864 054
42 269 921
Notes
(1) Carats have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national currency
figure has been converted to £ sterling
(2) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversion
(3) In this table the term 'dust' corresponds to item 7105.10 of the Harmonised System and includes both natural and synthetic diamond
dust
(a) BGS estimates, based on known value of imports to certain countries
Imports of diamond
Country
Austria
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Belgium
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Bulgaria
Dust
Cyprus
Gem, cut
Industrial
Czech Republic
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Denmark
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Finland
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Dust
France
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Germany
Gem
Industrial
Dust
Carats
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
£957 000
£6 405 000
£884 000
26 000 000
£1 648 000
£8 881 000
£473 000
33 000 000
£543 000
£9 795 000
£313 000
17 000 000
£729 000
£9 838 000
£193 000
30 000 000
£3 445 000
£19 112 000
£5 500
38 000 000
854 021
63 500 000
3 000 000
7 500 000
17 000 000
526 381
55 000 000
4 500 000
8 000 000
63 000 000
495 270
44 000 000
500 000
3 500 000
35 000 000
462 450
63 000 000
3 000 000
3 000 000
61 000 000
418 531
67 500 000
3 000 000
1 000 000
58 000 000
14 770 306
7 623 860
4 940 300
7 251 395
8 000 000
£1 311 000
£1 042 000
£1 564 000
£1 311 000
£1 724 000
£587 000
£955 000
£1 007 000
£976 000
£1 536 000
5 837
43 006
£884 000
116 669
30 181
£1 369 000
7 306
7 640
£977 000
5 567
5 061
£1 704 000
6 848
17 069
£1 954 000
£928 000
£8 473 000
£388 000
1 056 203
£1 168 000
£7 424 000
£104 000
791 502
£40 000
£4 680 000
£223 000
10 000 000
£255 000
£5 339 000
£59 000
500 000
£82 000
£5 884 000
£88 000
500 000
£222 000
£3 004 000
682 850
£109 000
£3 698 000
625 200
£56 000
£3 133 000
273 415
£168 000
£3 575 000
519 830
£131 000
£3 346 000
780 000
656
439 204
81 570
8 984 745
344
450 568
73 641
13 938 146
1 854
691 852
40 221
9 314 960
469
468 867
30 480
12 512 821
2 960
660 561
30 012
22 167 841
515 262
1 090 991
45 596 025
709 636
505 400
45 914 930
301 075
211 630
25 210 000
377 399
122 838
60 060 000
371 058
141 851
89 235 000
207
Diamond
Carats
Imports continued
Country
Greece
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust (a)
Hungary
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust (a)
Iceland
Gem, cut
Ireland, Republic of
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Italy
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Luxembourg
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Dust
Montenegro
Dust
Netherlands
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Poland
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Portugal
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Slovakia
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Slovenia
Dust
Spain
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Sweden
Unsorted
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
Switzerland
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Dust
208
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
9 245 000
205 000
9 470 000
11 355 000
* 5 795 000
118 725 000
425 000
2 815 000
22 810 000
* 4 371 000
2 375 000
3 365 000
6 370 000
43 195 000
* 1 813 000
910 000
920 000
8 365 000
43 750 000
* 214 000
470 000
...
2 615 000
36 800 000
* 77 000
£52 000
(a)* £290 200
* 3 214 500
£220 000
(a)* £293 900
* 4 550 300
£167 000
£171 457
* 5 832 400
£280 000
£168 340
* 9 411 700
£657 000
£674 606
* 12 763 300
* 500 000
* 200 000
* 100 000
110 592
90 000
42 460 000
4 365 000
46 100 000
35 720 000
233 626 080
17 535 000
3 240 000
28 020 000
10 560 000
232 059 616
4 935 000
1 885 000
18 170 000
2 100 000
86 782 073
3 600 000
1 565 000
11 385 000
4 585 000
86 782 073
1 615 000
1 620 000
6 745 000
2 570 000
737 328 237
915 000
80 000
14 560 000
880 000
161 010 000
1 905 000
10 000
12 135 000
1 145 000
252 290 000
355 000
25 000
9 875 000
675 000
121 055 000
990 000
60 000
13 935 000
1 545 000
196 860 000
975 000
115 000
13 160 000
1 615 000
248 520 000
£113 000
£255 000
£519 000
£24 000
£595 000
£691 000
£47 000
£446 000
£227 000
£20 000
£418 000
£609 000
£248 000
£533 000
£472 000
5 000
75 000
30 000
10 000
45 000
£299 000
£320 000
£13 943 000
£859 000
1 089 105
£803 000
£1 071 000
£17 750 000
£1 088 000
791 805
£551 000
£95 000
£10 757 000
£613 000
426 830
£80 000
£47 000
£15 248 000
£624 000
290 475
£192 000
£38 000
£35 316 000
£1 393 000
2 074 815
£3 689 000
150 918
3 149 550
£4 686 000
237 903
27 584 081
£2 509 000
169 851
263 119 707
£2 128 000
35 260
1 970 015
£3 805 000
16 703
213 097 170
£3 435 000
£427 000
8 473 445
£3 949 000
£296 000
5 891 661
£1 756 000
£246 000
5 514 973
£2 039 000
£111 000
10 117 653
£3 732 000
£122 000
16 401 864
£88 000
64
...
£2 924 000
10 817
...
£1 993 000
* 2 600
59 781
£2 530 000
55 000
18 560 000
£2 720 000
1 037 208
129 250
1 670 284
1 395 416
723 391
1 656 306
1 423 460
£3 667 000
£57 921 000
£1 396 000
67 062 395
£1 959 000
£40 012 000
£1 485 000
42 938 192
£1 591 000
£30 290 000
£917 000
30 861 760
£1 814 000
£26 488 000
£275 000
27 500 320
£3 864 000
£25 312 000
£605 000
27 699 364
£141 000
9 465
224 486
11 500 000
£100 000
10 938
217 127
4 000 000
£23 000
8 709
6 907
1 500 000
£125 000
9 615
26 277
8 000 000
£105 000
12 118
5 930
9 500 000
8 634
1 209 708
59 930 000
11 566
1 147 690
54 445 000
4 498
534 700
39 130 000
20 460
840 245
74 015 000
3 263
870 000
101 250 000
Diamond
Carats
Imports continued
Country
Turkey
Gem
Industrial
Dust
United Kingdom
Unsorted
Gem, rough
Gem, cut
Industrial
Dust
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
135 413
36 999
9 835 000
141 553
102 596
18 430 000
51 740
29 724
19 120 000
131 146
46 890
25 190 000
141 277
82 417
31 125 000
13 661 786
81 195 314
973 433
7 524 168
198 484 150
10 283 610
59 534 653
1 343 330
5 127 610
187 268 975
8 348 854
44 064 081
868 406
3 321 670
88 148 090
8 703 907
40 559 260
761 455
7 299 364
111 136 020
8 484 526
38 472 604
18 292 931
10 236 376
32 411 894
Notes
(1) Carats have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national figure
has been converted to £ sterling
(2) See explanatory notes at the front of the volume regarding currency conversion
(3) In this table the term 'dust' corresponds to item 7105.10 of the Harmonised System and includes both natural and synthetic diamond
dust
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
209
Diatomite
Diatomite
Diatomite is a siliceous sedimentary rock composed of the skeletons of fossilised diatoms (microscopic plants). Clay content of the rock has
a strong control on the quality of the diatomite. Diatomite is valued for its high porosity, chemical inertness and ability to absorb liquids. It is
used in industry in high-quality filters and as an industrial absorbent.
Argentina was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 37 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (22 per cent),
followed by China (16 per cent), Japan (four per cent) and Mexico (three per cent).
EU35 Production of diatomite 2011
Others 0.7%
France 26.1%
Spain 29.1%
Rest of World 89.3%
EU35 10.7%
Czech Republic 16.0%
Denmark 28.1%
Production of diatomite
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Czech Republic
Denmark
Moler (a)
France
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Spain (b)
19 000
31 000
—
32 000
46 000
92 416
* 75 000
1 424
600
2 057
45 480
92 108
* 75 000
—
600
—
46 192
82 778
* 75 000
1 277
670
—
29 194
83 756
* 75 000
1 200
1 000
—
64 346
80 854
* 75 000
1 312
600
—
83 624
EU35 Total
235 977
244 900
188 919
257 302
287 390
Notes
(a) Moler is an impure diatomite containing a large proportion of clay
(b) Including Tripoli
EU35 Production of diatomite 2007 - 11
350
Thousand tonnes
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007
210
2008
2009
2010
2011
Diatomite
Exports of diatomite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark (a)
France
Germany
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 455
1 140
1 094
* 63 600
29 607
7 949
3 884
34
348
566
774
943
6 399
3 497
34 424
1 238
3 043
2 612
4 128
* 67 800
23 239
7 189
9 991
30
301
770
277
554
5 306
749
40 370
903
3 286
1 907
3 789
* 57 500
21 713
5 035
10 392
78
1 365
6
85
473
4 678
693
39 267
533
3 467
3 004
4 231
* 57 300
26 822
5 361
6 716
551
359
1
111
7 545
7 382
829
37 432
1 650
2 756
3 122
5 182
* 56 800
25 420
14 251
2 226
615
633
—
788
7 299
6 637
1 098
28 104
797
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of diatomite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13 710
8 483
436
610
3 318
4 244
3 510
14 371
42 882
958
2 111
859
4 487
545
1 178
159
7 214
1 645
8 235
1 731
3 254
549
686
9 447
6 976
4 636
1 385
24 224
12 561
8 353
587
511
4 768
5 849
3 344
14 308
49 237
790
1 110
1 458
3 939
681
763
1 492
6 275
1 891
9 504
1 372
3 798
577
644
8 861
6 929
4 864
1 491
23 084
16 327
6 414
404
462
3 173
3 347
3 015
15 163
38 258
482
796
1 243
2 497
534
836
7 054
3 794
931
9 790
1 127
2 477
901
550
9 600
6 082
5 071
1 392
22 014
13 324
11 813
249
402
2 753
3 294
4 367
17 477
43 487
668
957
640
3 920
412
744
7 858
4 641
842
6 753
2 284
2 269
784
718
8 191
8 099
5 758
1 319
18 649
12 798
10 815
310
555
3 263
4 165
3 432
14 098
39 892
623
1 189
699
5 555
805
1 174
7 394
6 034
808
9 365
2 340
2 459
415
623
7 989
8 247
4 642
1 702
20 042
211
Diatomite
Diatomite - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Austria
Belgium
Poland
Sweden
Spain
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Italy
Switzerland
Denmark
Finland
Czech Republic
Romania
Portugal
Turkey
Hungary
Lithuania
Norway
Latvia
Ireland, Republic of
Greece
Slovenia
Croatia
Slovakia
Bulgaria
Exports
Imports
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Thousand tonnes
212
10
20
30
40
50
Feldspar
Feldspar
Feldspar is an abundant rock-forming alumino-silicate mineral. It is an essential component of glass and ceramic manufacture where it
behaves as a flux and adds hardness, durability and resistance to corrosion.
Italy was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 23 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Turkey (21 per cent),
followed by China (11 per cent), Thailand (five per cent) and USA (three per cent).
EU35 Production of feldspar 2011
Others 4.4%
Poland 4.6%
Spain 5.4%
Italy 39.3%
Rest of World
42.7%
EU35
57.3%
Turkey 37.4%
France 5.4%
Czech Republic 3.4%
Production of feldspar
Country
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (a)(b)
EU35 Total
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 90 000
514 000
48 980
* 650 000
171 303
95 000
3 524 389
32 814
65 000
497 900
378 521
41 477
* 250
—
683 134
25 000
6 000 000
1 112
* 90 000
488 000
45 250
* 650 000
161 416
62 000
4 727 000
28 920
62 000
599 100
230 427
22 995
* 200
10 000
690 256
22 000
6 500 000
430
* 80 000
431 000
23 120
* 550 000
140 000
55 737
* 4 700 000
19 377
48 000
445 500
210 266
14 317
149
13 000
597 496
18 000
4 000 000
—
* 80 000
388 000
28 013
* 650 000
* 150 000
23 050
* 4 700 000
23 188
56 000
513 700
169 722
6 049
253
—
691 894
22 000
6 281 597
—
* 80 000
407 000
26 292
* 650 000
* 150 000
10 200
* 4 700 000
25 032
25 271
* 550 000
179 600
3 814
171
—
* 650 000
30 000
4 477 993
—
12 818 880
14 389 994
11 345 962
13 783 466
11 965 373
Notes
(a) China stone
(b) Including weathered granite feldspar
213
Feldspar
EU35 Production of feldspar 2007 - 11
16,000
Thousand tonnes
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of feldspar
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Turkey (a)
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
15 058
190
22 519
168 259
37 392
261 112
125 258
6 052
226 963
28 766
456
66 484
1 849
4 048
25 102
74 461
14 383
* 4 300 000
40
15 194
994
16 912
171 596
36 482
244 785
121 777
5 806
324 977
23 762
555
58 211
2 049
873
16 438
79 120
10 670
* 4 600 000
82
14 025
1 117
15 007
135 533
26 613
182 575
70 130
718
126 289
18 457
1 355
47 711
1 829
1 290
8 375
56 161
7 646
* 2 500 000
369
13 474
64
19 087
129 715
31 844
226 149
78 610
1 119
194 763
21 924
105
55 637
3 050
2 190
1
69 337
11 251
* 3 400 000
38
11 807
317
19 329
166 859
31 700
226 934
76 300
1 562
288 246
25 111
112
30 617
3 012
3 197
283
71 959
19 258
* 3 500 000
34
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
214
Feldspar
Imports of feldspar
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 816
25 951
35 851
16 212
14 213
3 145
1 023
20 974
143 596
478
13 567
2 573 637
1 693
8 529
12 930
237 963
108 150
48 999
16 965
27 548
6 877
1 407 350
6 021
8 056
46 323
26 751
1 928
34 837
31 346
15 983
11 414
2 678
699
59 857
143 758
2 830
10 418
2 511 704
1 516
12 633
17 367
243 798
85 400
49 160
15 131
24 788
6 576
1 410 760
3 861
7 653
28 594
18 899
1 933
27 113
54 178
14 603
5 330
2 666
851
43 981
130 081
5 851
14 499
1 570 345
2 958
8 849
13 781
176 717
72 275
37 639
8 424
16 352
8 899
664 830
4 268
6 478
28 166
9 299
2 433
24 495
86 861
14 763
6 298
1 211
1 209
31 721
139 663
12 195
14 235
1 951 827
6 265
15 721
16 413
243 645
63 675
36 924
10 139
5 886
14 954
856 406
6 410
6 593
39 953
17 584
2 804
22 623
86 056
14 001
6 527
2 612
1 217
34 907
153 713
9 469
14 211
1 954 499
10 278
9 071
18 228
324 426
49 902
45 421
11 864
5 590
13 168
993 378
4 363
6 124
34 726
16 750
Feldspar - EU35 trade in 2011
Italy
Spain
Poland
Germany
Bulgaria
Portugal
Romania
France
Turkey
Belgium
Norway
United Kingdom
Hungary
Croatia
Slovenia
Serbia
Lithuania
Greece
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Switzerland
Slovakia
Sweden
Austria
Denmark
Finland
Macedonia
Exports
Imports
-4,000 -3,500 -3,000 -2,500 -2,000 -1,500 -1,000
-500
0
500
1,000 1,500 2,000
Thousand tonnes
215
Fluorspar
Fluorspar
Fluorspar is the commercial name for the mineral fluorite (calcium fluoride) and it is an important raw material source of fluorine. Most
fluorspar production is used in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid which is used primarily in the pharmaceutical and agrichemical
industries. Fluorspar is also used in steel and aluminium manufacture.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 55 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Mexico (20 per cent),
followed by Mongolia (seven per cent), Russia (four per cent) and South Africa (two per cent).
EU35 Production of fluorspar 2011
Spain 54.6%
Rest of World 96.4%
EU35 3.6%
Bulgaria 14.8%
Germany 30.6%
Production of fluorspar
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria
Germany
Spain
United Kingdom
—
54 359
155 197
44 936
—
48 519
148 736
36 801
32
49 962
122 533
18 536
10
59 086
132 341
26 420
31 800
65 619
117 333
—
EU35 Total
254 492
234 056
191 063
217 857
214 752
EU35 Production of fluorspar 2007 - 11
300
Thousand tonnes
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007
216
2008
2009
2010
2011
Fluorspar
Exports of fluorspar
tonnes
Country
Belgium
Czech Republic
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
105 822
8 415
56 023
19 281
27 213
29 117
7 764
589
156 066
4 488
50 338
31 271
12 665
13 109
11 538
187
84 491
6 147
31 157
9 518
11 333
35 366
6 745
303
122 483
10 575
33 487
6 740
14 023
1 680
8 101
412
118 782
10 564
45 955
28 942
28 870
3 312
11 053
590
Imports of fluorspar
tonnes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 517
129 159
1 326
149
24 915
8 218
15 064
48 758
346 581
2 232
7 460
236 797
220
1 278
380
48 089
8 682
2 423
4 738
908
1 017
29 560
12 089
533
23 139
3 875
3 405
169 219
651
289
3 440
17 003
12 366
21 256
357 914
2 281
4 512
238 008
240
1 343
300
13 860
8 691
1 828
2 526
1 143
1 326
32 016
14 214
571
34 073
8 429
1 956
91 928
778
165
8 626
33 149
23 178
13 124
187 330
1 954
(b)* 1 500
212 415
468
618
457
13 014
8 562
2 243
1 481
644
1 064
17 148
12 959
370
36 114
6 436
3 490
134 266
700
146
14 495
13 086
16 740
14 601
261 999
2 652
2 662
200 184
678
983
350
14 295
11 013
636
2 911
954
1 754
12 008
9 451
492
37 977
1 294
2 911
145 776
1 742
3 527
15 547
22 462
17 605
14 655
380 027
3 073
4 152
246 374
775
887
600
23 603
12 239
794
3 817
762
1 463
14 198
14 980
210
48 210
45 327
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Fluorspar - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Italy
Belgium
Turkey
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Denmark
Finland
Czech Republic
Sweden
France
Spain
Poland
Hungary
Romania
Croatia
Greece
Austria
Bulgaria
Slovenia
-150
Exports
Imports
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
Thousand tonnes
200
250
300
350
400
217
Gold
Gold
Gold is a soft, malleable metallic element unaffected by air or most reagents. It is highly valued as an investment commodity, in jewellery
and in specialist electronic applications.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 14 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Australia (ten per cent),
followed by USA (nine per cent), Russia and South Africa (seven per cent each).
EU35 Mine production of gold 2011
Turkey 52.5%
Rest of World 98.3%
EU35 1.7%
United Kingdom 0.5%
Sweden 13.5%
Bulgaria 12.0%
Slovakia 0.9%
Serbia 3.5%
Romania 1.1% Poland 1.6%
Finland 14.5%
Mine production of gold
kilograms
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria
Finland
Poland (a)
Romania
Serbia (a)
Slovakia
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
3 964
1 639
883
* 500
500
92
5 159
9 920
88
4 160
1 336
902
500
* 712
198
4 953
11 016
163
4 482
3 808
814
* 500
818
346
5 542
14 450
187
4 489
5 644
776
* 500
856
534
6 285
16 400
177
5 302
6 438
703
* 500
1 534
398
5 994
23 248
202
22 745
23 940
30 947
35 661
44 318
EU35 Total
Notes
(1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold produced in small operations are not recorded in the official statistics
used when compiling this table
(2) Greece and Norway are believed to produce gold
(a) Metal production
218
Gold
EU35 Production of gold 2007 - 11
Kilograms (metal content)
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of gold
Country
Austria
Metal
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Metal
Waste and scrap
Croatia
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Waste and scrap
Finland
Metal
Waste and scrap
France
Metal
Waste and scrap
Germany
Metal
Waste and scrap
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Metal
Waste and scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Waste and scrap
Italy
Metal
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Metal
Malta
Waste and scrap
Netherlands
Metal
Waste and scrap
Norway
Metal
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
14 900
17 300
18 700
2 200
18 800
2 700
27 800
5 900
22 500
2 900
24 697
128 400
24 538
134 500
25 683
29 100
22 842
173 700
6 200
67 800
246
88
140
256
1 408
3 900
6 100
4 000
5 200
9 800
5 600
12 000
4 400
21 400
2 700
600
600
500
500
1 800
3 399
200
2 835
466
2 207
539
4 168
878
4 970
1 268
20 229
29 300
22 247
50 700
22 447
34 094
27 729
24 189
45 303
29 961
71 250
14 800
* 120 000
4 800
113 039
62 603
221 003
904 379
226 243
688 482
997
495
581
48
2 455
871
...
657
...
1 312
...
1 827
2 221 600
2 214
2 665 300
7 365
5 578
11 155
10 480
9 268
56 360
160
51 260
1 376
106 646
173
109 762
154 845
176 952
1 006
12 200
55 600
38 000
32 700
8 000
...
...
...
17 008
27 387
22 468
4 433
37 439
45 456
15 515
1 222
34 851
57 680
50 559
112 629
2 601
426
3 847
600
3 865
1 197
4 567
1 482
7 439
1 904
219
Gold
kilograms
Exports continued
Country
Poland
Metal
Waste and scrap
Portugal
Metal
Waste and scrap
Serbia
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Waste and scrap
Slovenia
Metal
Waste and scrap
Spain
Metal
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Metal
Waste and scrap
Switzerland
Metal
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Metal
Waste and scrap
United Kingdom
Metal
Waste and scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
300
700
105 000
4 800
121 100
18 000
1 100
588
3 000
26
200
1 100
...
36 100
—
800
6 600
800
13 100
100
315
302
3 278
93
78
4 178
1 600
2 914
800
3 196
1 200
2 926
7 300
20 000
6 800
1 300
—
3 000
—
129
200
168
5 450
523
12 200
23 667
92
6 966
1 147
31 466
131 376
282 816
258 156
9 444 195
176 652
17 800
65 700
19 400
29 400
14 500
60 900
14 700
5 100
12 900
21 000
1 095 682
102 745
2 103 919
125 459
1 010 085
107 918
1 605 359
105 407
1 867 822
94 837
12 068
...
142 244
1 122
162 208
1 188
56 035
619
30 226
1 360
224 598
282 298
600 018
272 339
96 231
533 182
293 153
496 924
775 261
272 597
Note
(1) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked gold and alloys but excludes gold coin
Imports of gold
Country
Austria
Metal
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Metal
Waste and scrap
Bulgaria
Metal
Croatia
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Metal
Estonia
Metal
France
Metal
Waste and scrap
Germany
Metal
Waste and scrap
Greece
Metal
220
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
30 900
100
72 300
400
86 500
1 700
56 600
1 400
63 500
2 400
8 100
361 400
15 600
(a)* 61 400
13 100
(a)* 115 800
10 100
(a)* 339 000
9 100
(a)* 141 000
1 676
8 692
56
55
1 596
1 608
693
1 221
310
11
8 813
45 718
3 047
19 140
3 055
60 440
2 600
84 000
23 800
192 500
2 350
2 000
3 100
900
100 900
900
1 200
300
900
1 600
23 567
1 100
20 071
3 300
16 877
6 248
20 037
25 070
19 721
3 886
68 549
1 304 700
118 516
1 390 000
164 511
1 126 326
192 815
1 396 280
162 289
2 680 174
48 500
114 500
26 600
20 700
8 400
Gold
kilograms
Imports continued
Country
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Metal
Waste and scrap
Lithuania
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Metal
Malta
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Waste and scrap
Norway
Metal
Waste and scrap
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Waste and scrap
Spain
Metal
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Metal
Waste and scrap
Switzerland
Metal
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Metal
Waste and scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
£6 260 000
£5 271 000
£4 365 000
£4 047 000
£5 356 000
206 914
17 885
166 506
851
146 721
864
149 022
649
175 415
9 834
2
—
103
—
64 500
10 200
37 400
10 000
12 300
13 300
9 034
6 820
5 500
8 200
3 400
21 706
19 174
41 012
2 422
42 806
111
37 888
110 465
38 349
188 490
1 448
1 455
1 146
3 940
670
3 568
969
4 127
1 220
5 415
6 100
3 800
100
200
1 500
2 003
1 535
1 077
1 500
1 200
92 400
74 800
208 400
220 470
189 400
600
100
1 700
9
400
1 210
1 100
5 400
1 700
5 600
6 641
2 352
* 72 000
252
68 562
109
44 542
2 780
46 695
29 069
£18 292 000
£112 000
£25 583 000
£565 000
£26 296 000
£53 000
£32 625 000
£12 243 000
£42 028 000
£33 337 000
1 667 100
57 001
2 101 027
214 839
2 198 967
319 257
2 343 070
219 260
2 684 244
205 846
155 471
179 606
52 654
64 105
128 367
649 163
17 046
914 000
43 143
1 166 948
213 440
800 602
65 833
1 012 882
71 449
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked gold but excludes gold coin
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £ sterling
(3) See explanatory notes at the front of this volume regarding currency conversion
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
221
Graphite
Graphite
Graphite is a stable form of pure carbon. It is soft, has low friction and is inert. The major use of graphite is in refractories that can withstand
the temperature of molten metals and slags. The graphite imparts high thermal shock resistance, useful in furnace components and
crucibles. Other uses include lubricants and in brake linings.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 84 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (seven per cent),
followed by Brazil (four per cent), North Korea and Canada (one per cent each).
EU35 Production of graphite 2011
Norway 89.4%
Rest of World 99.6%
EU35 0.4%
Austria 10.6%
Production of graphite
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria (a)
Czech Republic
Norway
Romania
Turkey
—
3 000
3 000
—
—
250
3 000
4 100
—
3 236
750
—
4 562
24 352
2 400
420
—
6 270
6 633
—
925
—
7 789
...
—
EU35 Total
6 000
10 586
32 064
13 323
8 714
Notes
(1) This table includes all forms of amorphous and crystalline graphite but excludes synthetic material
(a) Crude
EU35 Production of graphite 2007 - 11
35,000
Tonnes
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2007
222
2008
2009
2010
2011
Graphite
Exports of graphite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7 460
438
4 029
46 162
163
23 993
401
4 308
68
8 728
273
384
13
3 065
8 853
3 815
4 076
0
269
18 950
308
1 378
82
10 499
252
600
390
3 156
6 260
2 634
2 150
5
226
12 722
820
1 974
80
8 160
159
355
257
2 271
9 518
993
3 154
8
361
20 583
798
2 967
233
5 369
254
326
220
2 981
9 936
1 316
3 417
3
321
15 600
512
10 651
505
6 142
129
100
761
3 660
Note
(1) This table excludes synthetic graphite
Imports of graphite
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
17 757
2 309
250
5 301
212
19 250
54 627
111
178
—
11 362
1 969
13 463
980
5 701
2 210
542
2 246
108
15 582
1 592
966
6 095
17 225
30 863
3 624
158
6 233
185
20 618
62 180
142
147
11
11 832
1 522
42 612
561
4 474
1 493
304
2 981
141
24 284
1 091
931
13 230
14 309
4 622
5 048
132
2 554
269
10 376
33 293
918
126
2 132
5 995
761
2 487
508
3 078
73
144
962
89
15 669
835
306
6 788
7 850
18 501
7 243
66
3 605
303
9 981
56 333
219
113
18
8 308
875
16 692
400
6 933
66
1 499
1 899
295
34 268
1 315
848
11 191
6 989
21 867
7 473
65
5 149
405
11 725
57 411
92
71
18
12 559
911
14 266
129
10 267
62
742
1 688
844
10 765
1 129
823
13 138
6 869
Note
(1) This table excludes synthetic graphite
223
Graphite
Graphite - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Austria
Netherlands
Turkey
Italy
France
Spain
Poland
Belgium
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Sweden
Macedonia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Romania
Denmark
Norway
Greece
Hungary
Bulgaria
Portugal
Exports
Imports
-20
-10
0
10
20
Thousand tonnes
224
30
40
50
60
Gypsum
Gypsum
Gypsum (calcium sulphate) is a common mineral that chiefly occurs as beds or seams in sedimentary rocks. Anhydrite is a similar mineral
without combined water and is considered in the following tables with gypsum. Calcined gypsum is chiefly used to make building and
decorative plaster. It is used as an additive to cement, in farming as a soil conditioner, as a filler and in the chemical industry.
The overall situation with gypsum is difficult to follow as large quantities of synthetic gypsum are made during the desulphurisation of coalfired power station fumes and this competes with natural gypsum production.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 26 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Iran (eight per cent),
followed by Iraq and Thailand (also eight per cent each) and USA (seven per cent).
EU35 Production of gypsum 2011
Spain 33.0%
Poland 7.0%
Rest of World
84.8%
Turkey 4.6%
EU35 15.2%
Others 15.5%
United Kingdom 7.9%
Austria 3.8%
Italy 7.4%
France 11.4%
Germany 9.4%
Production of Gypsum
Country
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria (a)
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
France (a)
Germany (a)
Greece (a)
Hungary (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia (a)
Macedonia
Poland (a)
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia (a)
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
1 063 844
234 300
170 721
330 000
66 000
* 3 500 000
1 898 000
836 967
26 000
* 700 000
* 1 600 000
346 000
255 500
1 581 299
418 035
1 004 150
151 000
14 535 422
* 300 000
3 241 177
* 1 700 000
1 087 259
21 200
* 250 000
412 000
35 000
2 338 910
2 112 000
1 000 000
15 940
* 600 000
* 1 600 000
349 000
242 400
1 499 901
372 731
832 248
152 000
11 955 753
* 300 000
7 338 127
* 1 700 000
910 945
127 600
318 139
317 000
13 000
1 887 260
1 898 000
730 000
19 766
* 400 000
* 1 600 000
175 870
154 550
1 326 928
335 189
720 713
131 000
8 181 315
* 300 000
4 369 589
* 1 700 000
872 273
109 200
248 675
333 000
5 000
2 065 814
1 822 000
* 600 000
20 000
* 300 000
* 1 600 000
176 510
143 118
1 399 000
336 755
639 010
87 000
6 990 249
* 300 000
2 850 601
* 1 700 000
815 438
114 800
231 008
335 000
11 000
2 452 204
2 021 000
587 000
3 000
* 300 000
* 1 600 000
216 000
162 984
1 500 000
337 272
* 660 000
88 000
* 7 100 000
* 300 000
991 415
* 1 700 000
EU35 Total
33 958 415
34 214 469
25 616 864
22 598 205
21 526 121
Notes
(1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic gypsum. Where possible, this output is excluded from the table
(a) Including anhydrite
225
Gypsum
40,000
EU35 Production of gypsum 2007 - 11
35,000
Thousand tonnes
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of Gypsum
Country
Austria
Crude
Calcined
Belgium
Crude
Calcined
Bulgaria
Crude and calcined
Croatia
Crude and calcined
Cyprus
Crude and calcined
Czech Republic
Crude
Calcined
Denmark
Crude
Calcined
Estonia
Crude and calcined
France
Crude
Calcined
Germany
Crude
Calcined
Greece
Crude
Calcined
Hungary
Crude and calcined
Ireland, Republic of
Crude
Calcined
Italy
Crude
Calcined
Latvia
Crude and calcined
Lithuania
Crude and calcined
Luxembourg
Crude and calcined
Macedonia
Crude and calcined
226
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
89 128
121 473
26 402
89 906
20 694
78 839
19 124
55 927
23 007
76 548
54 953
3 039
89 626
3 817
113 954
1 823
92 533
177 046
101 382
(a)* —
1 439
787
11 965
3 641
10 953
4 808
4 738
3 119
10
66
203 109
279 902
236 427
250 034
248 284
105 394
5 973
60 018
7 881
10 195
6 430
48 605
5 235
103 363
3 448
197 920
1 740
141 124
4 173
8 440
1 455
2 211
8 299
63
6 725
2 182
4 154
22
87
105
414 428
356 716
381 841
338 682
267 315
282 254
259 192
286 799
239 815
310 248
423 152
1 703 212
447 140
1 775 467
393 691
1 290 391
430 977
1 558 288
516 024
1 333 953
47 694
1 842
21 258
937
49 037
580
38 459
337
95 699
621
8 626
19 259
22 019
17 367
44 845
1 058
37 914
1 094
32 821
10 425
28 491
23 355
15 129
5 390
21 274
17 748
27 123
24 525
24 496
17 907
21 848
12 035
18 484
9 614
39 465
74 627
63 732
37 352
38 596
47 016
1 804
2 436
423
237
250
1 232
553
661
1 596
1 919
10 167
12 496
12 604
30 273
32 328
Gypsum
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Netherlands
Crude
Calcined
Norway
Crude and calcined
Poland
Crude and calcined
Portugal
Crude and calcined
Romania
Crude and calcined
Serbia
Crude and calcined
Slovenia
Crude and calcined
Spain
Crude
Calcined
Sweden
Crude and calcined
Switzerland
Crude and calcined
Turkey
Crude
Calcined
United Kingdom
Crude
Calcined
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
49 394
17 744
37 991
15 228
* 39 600
5 550
15 773
1 656
42 080
2 714
51 212
69 976
68 140
36 298
85 598
56 003
58 644
40 512
47 654
121 689
8 362
22 707
12 394
20 016
47 278
13 507
13 069
17 966
17 672
15 576
38
2 230
617
16
40
36 039
8 575
6 575
205
220
3 335 273
274 781
3 458 773
228 060
2 187 816
182 982
2 678 208
165 424
3 367 083
156 461
12 694
11 525
9 358
8 155
3 865
2 754
5 207
2 454
8 536
8 606
43 195
544 954
37 899
838 314
145 717
643 873
134 905
682 898
111 864
708 056
1 248
57 988
1 493
48 340
1 978
32 551
3 330
24 552
3 428
25 504
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'crude' may include some anhydrite
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Imports of Gypsum
Country
Austria
Crude
Calcined
Belgium
Crude
Calcined
Bulgaria
Crude
Calcined
Croatia
Crude
Calcined
Cyprus
Crude and calcined
Czech Republic
Crude
Calcined
Denmark
Crude
Calcined
Estonia
Crude
Calcined
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
14 651
97 281
10 118
67 712
12 098
73 588
22 432
70 850
84 817
72 696
1 118 068
490 242
1 231 279
505 792
702 104
424 465
616 338
396 873
683 957
507 725
8 240
58 880
12 223
70 280
15 830
42 086
6 239
44 383
11 399
37 323
48 775
37 034
38 120
34 224
14 470
22 154
1 608
14 076
11 421
12 709
12 932
15 045
10 807
9 292
6 461
70 972
45 167
76 119
75 278
83 819
53 954
55 087
33 763
57 962
34 353
388 662
53 647
379 094
52 087
106 304
58 675
53 577
42 290
97 219
21 696
26 567
19 769
19 239
18 823
381
8 760
11 295
8 950
11 922
8 343
227
Gypsum
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Finland
Crude
Calcined
France
Crude
Calcined
Germany
Crude
Calcined
Greece
Crude and calcined
Hungary
Crude
Calcined
Iceland
Crude
Calcined
Ireland, Republic of
Crude
Calcined
Italy
Crude
Calcined
Latvia
Crude and calcined
Lithuania
Crude
Calcined
Luxembourg
Crude
Calcined
Malta
Crude and calcined
Montenegro
Crude and calcined
Netherlands
Crude
Calcined
Norway
Crude
Calcined
Poland
Crude
Calcined
Portugal
Crude
Calcined
Romania
Crude
Calcined
Serbia
Crude
Calcined
Slovakia
Crude
Calcined
Slovenia
Crude
Calcined
Spain
Crude
Calcined
Sweden
Crude
Calcined
228
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
423 355
8 588
408 509
6 598
146 141
5 664
235 787
7 281
182 082
11 020
580 341
111 325
492 072
116 678
354 086
101 840
313 842
85 849
249 933
76 800
80 449
93 275
54 216
76 992
28 315
75 319
29 132
82 341
26 182
80 574
4 747
3 093
2 097
1 759
1 400
5 424
60 615
6 713
49 220
3 248
43 128
5 362
12 413
5 198
18 039
13 279
1 409
10 533
1 606
4 724
642
2 579
192
892
181
7 487
22 676
1 412
24 877
15 931
13 930
20 637
5 410
2 731
9 318
6 814
21 088
21 411
19 621
5 754
16 645
3 618
16 267
2 205
16 976
13 670
5 818
1 920
24 696
36 282
78 185
47 112
90 320
43 127
28 754
19 974
54 772
17 377
63 632
18 503
849
31 700
51 416
25 257
57 828
15 793
50 104
10 715
69 918
18 459
6 309
5 505
2 305
10 446
11 428
1 969
1 747
3 356
653
730
402 915
430 550
285 990
415 623
249 206
418 481
203 179
368 523
307 971
611 145
128 045
328 003
121 440
298 394
76 435
234 564
84 359
270 721
94 824
275 909
296 289
238 858
170 571
215 458
157 974
82 586
129 336
53 613
134 230
47 261
75 794
320 174
89 627
298 708
81 971
244 809
73 822
270 783
40 153
237 788
66 231
77 900
90 194
100 471
45 891
62 134
40 703
47 912
63 658
50 866
182
16 779
21
18 733
13 273
11 684
14 601
9 276
22 546
9 962
88 083
29 894
111 188
47 044
53 104
52 703
74 512
16 732
80 966
17 194
38 588
7 936
24 660
8 622
5 565
9 432
942
7 615
785
6 218
53 028
14 129
43 171
33 825
25 963
7 349
20 776
6 015
13 185
5 787
244 986
146 638
178 364
154 201
94 656
158 842
256 696
73 865
324 584
58 751
Gypsum
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Switzerland
Crude
Calcined
Turkey
Crude and calcined
United Kingdom
Crude
Calcined
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
93 365
95 000
101 731
97 296
101 228
87 350
112 555
100 958
94 474
104 574
180 159
167 572
202 523
234 495
377 085
196 613
52 678
140 783
88 766
396 138
60 337
216 605
54 209
539 327
46 526
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'crude' may include some anhydrite
Gypsum - EU35 trade in 2011
Belgium
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Sweden
Turkey
Norway
France
Portugal
Switzerland
Finland
Poland
Austria
Denmark
Romania
Germany
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Latvia
Serbia
Croatia
Hungary
Estonia
Italy
Spain
Ireland, Republic of
Malta
Slovenia
Cyprus
Greece
Iceland
Montenegro
Macedonia
Exports
Imports
-4,000 -3,500 -3,000 -2,500 -2,000 -1,500 -1,000
-500
0
500
1,000
1,500
Thousand tonnes
229
Iodine
Iodine
Iodine is a bluish-black lustrous, solid, non-metal with antiseptic and other medicinal properties, used in sanitation, animal feed and
pharmaceutical products. It is also a catalyst.
Chile was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 58 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Japan (33 per cent),
followed by USA (five per cent), China (two per cent) and Turkmenistan (one per cent).
Exports of iodine
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
324
2 633 100
51 610
1 000
100
91 100
183 200
1 944
2 613
20
...
517 872
7 200
1 300
7 689
48
1 205
11 098
368 785
139
3 560 100
200
300
1
100 500
97 400
1 536
2 119
3
...
773 705
—
5 100
46 873
122
1 605
1 212
174 965
339
2 582 300
300
500
1 500
101 909
112 690
1 982
86 917
—
...
386 170
250
5 100
15 376
300
97
31 908
121 370
564
3 989 500
600
1 000
3
47 103
62 331
—
24 722
4
83 600
124 797
—
16 400
14 704
700
349
2 960
393 005
413
3 584 800
600
2 000
100
89 357
124 705
2 589
20 112
8 900
40 900
152 295
13 250
4 000
7 909
900
239
4 877
234 182
Imports of iodine
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
230
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
145 500
2 774 500
6 500
32 300
1 973 090
12
3 400
1 687 900
1 102 600
500
4 400
12 001
10 318
1 231 082
470
1 870
1 785 526
18 800
900
2 636
12 982
582 029
5 000
18 136
8 594
1 225 368
139 700
3 586 200
2 900
25 200
1 122 329
18
3 400
1 875 400
1 150 600
600
7 900
12 029
21 515
1 343 977
383
800 817
1 668 339
24 100
100
1 395
4 494
541 706
600
7 260
9 498
1 106 864
204 100
3 189 200
2 900
31 900
8 674
196
2 901
1 189 569
1 168 886
800
2 100
9
24 358
1 256 232
4 510
23 376
1 270 662
10 600
8 000
330
4 030
512 821
400
7 156
12 133
1 075 328
213 000
4 087 700
2 300
35 100
10 168
13 157
1 443
1 530 436
1 422 575
1 300
2 700
9
13 311
1 080 203
17 732
16 031
1 708 338
21 700
8 700
300
8 137
342 914
1 100
10 238
3 218
1 253 806
198 500
3 814 500
2 800
36 500
5 500
200
1 174
1 492 427
1 576 165
200
6 100
24
22 220
1 375 868
20 100
1 352 421
1 663 657
11 600
8 600
500
10 876
522 768
1 800
10 839
6 641
1 426 239
Iron ore
Iron ore
There are two main commercial ores of iron — magnetite and haematite (both iron oxides). Iron is also recovered from pyrites (FeS2). Iron
ore is mined, processed and smelted chiefly to produce steel in integrated steel plants. Pig iron, for use as iron, is a minor part of production.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 44 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Australia (16 per cent),
followed by Brazil (15 per cent), India (six per cent) and Russia (three per cent).
EU35 Production of iron ore 2011
Sweden 70.4%
Turkey 15.5%
Rest of World 98.8%
EU35 1.2%
Austria 5.9%
Norway 6.8%
Others 1.3%
Production of iron ore
Country
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria (a)
Germany (b)(c)
Norway
Romania
Slovakia
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (d)
2 152 825
421 711
630 000
8 157
570 000
24 714 000
4 549 556
* 300
2 032 671
455 100
746 000
—
392 000
23 888 000
3 990 110
145
2 002 131
363 699
896 000
—
—
17 677 000
4 169 972
—
2 068 853
390 353
3 266 000
—
—
25 292 000
5 378 455
—
2 206 910
489 091
2 532 100
—
—
26 113 000
5 754 426
—
EU35 Total
33 046 549
31 504 026
25 108 802
36 395 661
37 095 527
Notes
(a) Including micaceous iron oxide
(b) Including manganiferous iron ore
(c) Used as aggregate in the construction industry
(d) The Florence mine near Egremont, Cumbria, closed in 2008. The mine produced high-grade hematite for foundry uses, mineral
specimens and jewellery. The mine was also a tourist attraction
231
Iron ore
EU35 Production of iron ore 2007 - 11
40,000
Thousand tonnes
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of iron ore
Country
Belgium
Finland
Burnt pyrites
France
Germany
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Italy (a)
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Slovakia
Spain (a)
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (a)
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
41 440
85 701
178 567
366 331
455 069
146 844
69 376
396 064
57 720
244 225
124 492
391 549
(a) 19 349
* 1 200 000
129 374
17 770
7 491
8 570
2 710 120
739 731
27
34 495
12 700
1 699
(a) 85 698
615 296
10 198
4 497
10 865
354
(a) 239 932
775 828
14 893
22 373
7 994
8 779
121 426
1 803 242
16 130
54 555
15 999
6 742
208 469
2 435 415
4 400
21
24 068
4 353
75 567
19 033 842
(a) 3 947
5 491
42 606
15 567
53 434
62 147
17 617 162
4 163
7 821
172 372
12 694
5 923
17 348
16 104 129
(a) 3 361
32 579
1 718
1 359
62 568
9 079
20 726 152
(a) 200 600
5 256
2 728
1 690
22 481
165 589
21 115 203
(a) 296 550
179 709
Note
(a) Including burnt pyrites
Imports of iron ore
Country
Austria (a)
Belgium
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Bulgaria
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Croatia (a)
Czech Republic (a)
232
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
9 061 870
7 996 632
6 095 762
9 309 860
9 966 338
9 583 765
51
12 329 299
431
3 254 834
23 648
7 567 453
45
7 425 015
...
919 785
464 580
14 444
6 578 116
208 559
188 923
17 177
6 799 756
3 110
15 831
12 057
4 803 009
7 991
16 653
20 147
5 902 011
1 265
16 679
2 123
7 363 983
Iron ore
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Denmark
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Finland
France
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Germany
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of (a)
Italy
Latvia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain (a)
Sweden
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Switzerland
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
Turkey
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
United Kingdom
Iron ore
Burnt pyrites
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
72 805
9 231
3 156 096
111 604
—
3 121 303
69 990
—
2 204 018
53 896
15 457
(a) 3 052 609
118 928
8
3 728 222
20 065 037
2 107
(a) 46 194 946
968 033
43 452
4 594
17 013 076
46 109
12 693 210
179 727
8 746 836
18 220 893
4 948
44 339 072
616 684
(a) 44 167
13 478
16 313 184
44 607
10 831 769
151 503
(a) 7 784 529
10 014 901
5 375
(a) 28 819 242
876 109
34 404
18 151
8 159 741
2 393
(a) 4 585 303
134 167
(a) 3 752 010
15 259 049
11 603
(a) 43 085 386
1 985 510
36 318
592
12 092 237
1
(a) 8 810 077
148 809
6 494 457
13 531 471
11 452
(a) 41 682 798
1 780 865
42 846
150
15 134 122
(a) 7 422
(a) 8 921 399
127 127
5 977 338
6 259 705
2 824
2 093 317
5 853 880
6 117 047
5 003 811
17 770
2 092 208
4 802 516
6 479 890
1 597 033
11 572
1 397 755
4 499 385
4 237 845
2 848 921
29 544
1 860 593
5 796 813
5 874 304
2 186 674
35 551
1 624 795
5 103 229
5 143 562
69 911
26
71 441
—
41 087
2 919
55 078
16 743
51 334
24 561
7 800
7 826
6 145
12 559
1 445
15 045
5 382
15 171
12 537
14 916
6 925 163
...
5 004 508
17 092
7 757 561
14 097
7 220 977
—
6 644 310
—
17 435 472
131 230
15 282 786
693
9 185 919
232
10 597 085
—
9 175 254
598
Notes
(a) Including burnt pyrites
Iron ore - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Italy
France
Austria
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Belgium
Czech Republic
Turkey
Poland
Spain
Slovakia
Finland
Romania
Hungary
Serbia
Norway
Sweden
Exports
Imports
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Million tonnes
233
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Production of pig iron
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 908 000
6 577 000
1 069 000
5 287 000
2 915 130
12 425 703
31 700 000
1 393 655
11 100 000
6 412 000
* 100 000
5 804 418
3 923 244
1 485 000
4 012 000
3 976 000
3 947 000
6 235 537
10 959 800
5 795 000
6 977 000
441 000
4 737 000
2 942 946
11 371 879
29 105 000
1 288 758
10 400 000
6 130 000
* 100 000
4 933 781
2 957 715
1 582 000
3 529 000
3 784 000
3 708 000
6 697 372
10 136 800
4 353 000
3 087 000
—
3 483 000
2 042 000
8 104 318
20 104 000
1 050 000
5 670 000
4 655 000
* 100 000
2 983 500
1 576 679
964 607
3 019 000
2 920 000
1 966 000
6 913 325
7 671 100
5 621 000
4 688 000
—
3 987 000
2 564 000
10 136 827
28 560 000
1 325 000
8 555 000
5 799 000
* 100 000
3 637 995
1 723 418
1 158 628
3 649 000
3 572 000
3 447 000
16 362 115
7 233 000
5 815 000
4 700 000
—
4 137 000
2 600 000
9 697 535
27 943 000
1 315 000
9 824 000
5 943 000
* 100 000
3 974 930
1 595 000
1 197 693
3 346 000
3 540 000
3 240 000
17 235 903
6 625 000
125 230 487
116 617 251
80 662 529
112 118 983
112 829 061
Note
(1) The data in this table include sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI), where these have been separately identified
Crude steel
Crude steel is the end product of smelting iron ore. It is produced in a wide variety of forms including slabs, coils, bars, rods and plates —
depending on customer requirements. Steel is a ubiquitous product and has a multitude of applications. Alloying with other metals changes
the fundamental properties of crude steel to meet specialised requirements. Recycled, or secondary, steel is a significant part of world total
steel production.
The majority of industrialised countries produce steel. China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 45 per cent of the total world
output. The second largest was Japan (seven per cent), followed by USA (six per cent), India and South Korea (five per cent each).
EU35 Production of crude steel 2011
Others 14.1%
Netherlands 3.2%
Poland 4.1%
Spain 7.2%
Turkey 15.9%
Rest of World 85.8%
EU35 14.2%
Italy 13.4%
United Kingdom 4.4%
Austria 3.5%
Germany 20.6%
234
Belgium 3.7%
Czech Republic 2.6%
France 7.3%
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Production of crude steel
tonnes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7 577 000
10 692 000
1 909 000
76 252
7 059 000
4 430 726
19 249 862
48 550 000
2 554 000
2 227 000
31 506 000
696 000
2 858 000
370 317
173 849
7 368 000
708 000
10 630 716
1 847 000
6 269 486
1 478 000
5 082 000
638 000
18 998 000
5 672 900
1 264 000
25 760 889
14 392 300
7 594 000
10 673 000
1 330 000
121 759
6 387 000
4 416 792
17 879 161
45 832 000
2 477 000
2 097 000
30 590 000
635 000
2 582 000
344 866
201 623
6 853 000
560 000
9 727 325
1 630 000
5 035 164
1 662 000
4 489 000
642 000
18 640 000
5 197 600
1 312 000
26 809 050
13 520 500
5 662 000
5 635 000
726 000
54 266
4 594 000
3 066 000
12 840 108
32 670 000
2 000 000
1 403 000
19 848 000
692 000
2 141 000
299 332
90 404
5 193 000
595 000
7 128 482
1 587 000
2 772 679
1 054 336
3 747 000
430 000
14 358 000
2 803 700
934 000
25 303 741
10 074 500
7 206 000
7 973 000
744 000
103 429
5 180 000
4 030 000
15 413 577
43 830 000
1 821 000
1 678 000
25 750 000
655 000
2 548 000
317 057
48 272
6 651 000
520 000
7 993 025
1 351 000
3 720 775
1 254 386
4 580 000
606 000
16 343 000
4 845 600
1 320 000
29 029 789
9 708 000
7 474 000
8 026 000
835 000
95 440
5 583 000
3 985 000
15 780 639
44 284 000
1 934 000
1 733 000
28 735 000
568 000
2 521 000
348 576
61 164
6 937 000
620 000
8 776 458
1 351 000
3 835 000
1 304 954
4 236 000
648 000
15 504 000
4 867 000
* 1 400 000
34 107 000
9 478 000
240 038 297
229 238 840
167 702 548
205 219 910
215 028 231
Notes
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, these figures include production from scrap
(2) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in Estonia and Lithuania
EU35 Production of crude steel 2007 - 11
Thousand tonnes
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
235
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-alloys are alloys of iron with a number of metals, such as chromium, silicon or manganese. They are used as additives to steel with
the object of modifying its properties. Silicon metal is included within the table for ferro-alloys as it is used for the same purpose.
China was the largest producer in 2011, followed by South Africa, India, Russia and Kazakhstan.
Production of ferro-alloys
Country
Austria
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-vanadium
Bulgaria
Ferro-silicon
Czech Republic
Ferro-vanadium
Finland
Ferro-chrome
France
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Germany
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Greece
Ferro-nickel
Iceland
Ferro-silicon
Italy
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Macedonia
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Norway
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Poland
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Romania
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-manganese
Slovakia
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Slovenia
Ferro-silicon
Spain
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
236
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 000
3 000
6 500
4 500
2 000
6 300
4 000
2 500
6 200
4 000
2 500
8 000
4 000
2 500
8 000
* 10 000
6 000
* 3 000
*—
*—
* 1 700
* 2 800
* 1 900
* 3 400
* 4 600
241 760
233 550
123 310
238 000
231 000
* 144 000
* 65 400
* 31 000
* 120 000
* 47 000
* 60 200
* 30 000
* 118 000
* 46 000
* 54 100
* 18 300
* 80 000
* 138 000
* 54 000
* 27 000
* 112 000
* 140 000
* 54 000
* 27 000
* 112 000
22 030
* 5 000
29 379
26 960
* 5 000
29 092
13 667
—
27 620
* 20 000
—
30 105
* 20 000
*—
30 134
93 300
83 200
42 400
69 600
94 000
114 886
107 882
112 992
114 230
120 076
* 30 000
87 000
* 30 000
87 000
* 20 000
56 000
* 25 000
108 000
* 25 000
145 000
15 321
78 892
15 026
97 605
12 000
7 657
14 413
30 044
17 292
56 167
* 130 000
293 699
170 024
* 62 000
* 140 000
* 130 000
273 485
185 344
* 60 000
* 155 000
* 130 000
* 250 000
233 974
* 60 000
* 150 000
* 130 000
* 250 000
* 235 000
* 60 000
* 150 000
* 130 000
* 250 000
170 102
* 60 000
* 150 000
2 093
15 590
58 538
6 255
8 475
25 061
56 031
2 948
1 736
72
9 673
4 190
800
100
53 206
200
...
...
72 668
332
—
26 868
6 179
9 979
15 377
—
14 353
20 605
* 10 000
* 30 000
71 587
8 583
74 065
59 940
10 844
61 194
32 000
4 600
22 250
34 960
26 419
38 860
25 023
31 845
23 497
* 6 000
*—
*—
*—
*—
* 155 000
* 153 000
* 71 000
* 32 000
* 163 000
* 160 000
* 74 000
* 33 000
* 68 000
* 67 000
* 44 000
* 23 000
* 152 000
* 150 000
* 64 400
* 32 500
* 152 000
* 150 000
* 64 000
* 33 000
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Production continued
Country
Sweden
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silicon
Turkey
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
EU35 Total
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
124 400
4 300
118 700
—
31 100
—
64 400
—
80 140
—
69 730
6 624
75 840
6 094
41 028
2 903
* 60 000
* 3 000
* 60 000
* 3 000
2 785 524
2 667 229
1 822 549
2 539 095
2 586 376
Exports of iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Country
Austria
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Belgium
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Bulgaria
Pig iron
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Croatia
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Cyprus
Scrap
Czech Republic
Pig iron
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Denmark
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6 958
9 100
5 166
286 765
1 279 775
7 539
7 541
5 412
284 063
1 351 725
2 354
5 953
4 795
187 410
1 067 926
4 476
2 618
7 403
190 343
1 034 398
3
1 690
597
293 647
950 865
275 388
36 997
54 201
15 141
16 124
52 431
20 153
68 383
10 391
5 869
1 008 252
2 957 464
283 034
20 732
38 927
12 463
24 024
40 777
17 759
54 905
12 686
6 673
908 563
3 250 800
160 120
14 655
20 403
15 645
9 915
31 374
16 396
47 214
2 988
5 954
279 680
3 245 159
254 854
35 395
25 965
5 849
26 544
48 652
19 593
23 071
4 137
8 522
487 535
3 754 403
255 067
10 029
23 538
1 549
41 161
47 762
20 134
33 676
16 124
8 396
484 510
3 533 560
62 032
6 845
4 972
2 072
2 374
135 710
677 347
23 553
288
2 076
550
46
85 466
740 414
1 420
...
2 890
9 867
1
54 115
510 997
1 141
19
980
2 115
3
30 327
949 000
854
1
248
312
7
24 822
850 898
520
34
427 540
3 286
3 486
357 487
3 397
7
302 085
6 526
2 495
357 015
5 254
30 004
517 438
63 662
72 106
80 349
96 654
138 529
31 182
8 254
1 685
8 704
1 118
587 296
1 678 565
30 457
8 780
2 830
13 897
1 375
500 423
1 792 889
24 041
4 285
1 868
12 274
783
222 780
1 442 865
65 473
9 806
3 440
23 873
847
320 821
1 814 398
45 677
7 354
4 603
6 732
584
356 146
2 011 915
62
257
12 820
1 263 987
48
491
16 775
1 372 424
55
291
13 287
1 335 754
77
54
19 143
1 596 485
164
43
21 926
1 554 808
237
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Estonia
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Finland
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
France
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Germany
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Greece
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Hungary
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Iceland
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
238
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
(a)* 1 360
159
5 985
572 216
1
153
1 392
650 099
(a)* 1
100
3 159
384 299
97
124
1 203
512 766
234
142
1 511
563 124
0
100 022
99
185 229
253 732
14 070
37 709
110
281 325
308 047
11 317
61 319
308
253 440
276 010
2 564
126 713
560
263 863
229 680
373
97 322
211
219 129
341 937
89 768
17 948
1 217
16 377
8 049
41 110
481
225
948
50 334
2 292
32 186
138
2 650 976
6 210 854
88 462
14 698
2 098
28 255
2 457
42 260
374
46
984
73 824
1 493
447
292
2 830 986
6 028 712
151 699
5 261
2 217
10 787
2 882
41 324
379
10 496
261
51 676
844
134
231
1 814 051
5 402 426
52 439
18 917
2 447
39 115
2 200
51 330
548
6 104
505
77 144
1 869
76
261
1 858 111
6 665 264
53 736
20 857
2 035
34 196
2 554
54 023
802
1 042
220
84 879
1 985
102
298
2 088 739
6 240 254
145 453
147 303
39 892
24 051
14 733
8 684
3 636
2 116
1 149
839
51 343
6 011
480
558
2 496 951
7 770 479
153 917
95 846
36 856
22 191
11 802
10 354
3 858
1 036
1 057
477
63 858
4 237
460
413
2 047 223
8 268 662
86 491
28 183
27 831
9 323
9 043
4 436
3 229
1 725
321
475
63 214
1 662
339
755
1 655 376
7 275 257
180 542
56 763
54 956
12 517
12 387
3 377
3 174
7 869
538
1 452
95 683
4 180
640
659
2 150 091
9 175 802
183 310
43 160
45 048
11 077
22 690
17 756
4 440
5 775
237
1 233
81 464
5 350
402
391
2 150 120
9 859 197
340
121 989
34 584
3 671
162 819
36 018
377
102 721
34 840
999
143 318
66 989
294
139 537
59 592
829
36 548
567 923
47
90 282
691 805
...
4 315
636 805
104
9 274
1 132 142
207
44 796
1 272 473
117 230
6
15
68 014
105 868
1 729
—
60 287
112 993
4 595
200
38 075
114 231
5 603
—
37 328
120 076
6
—
38 954
419
478 562
924
485 387
547
428 416
262
484 871
9 240
609 985
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Italy
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Latvia
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Lithuania
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
Luxembourg
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Macedonia
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Montenegro
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Netherlands
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Norway
Pig iron (a)
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese (a)
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
50 789
1 097
5 411
2 061
14 562
7 048
68
239
7 113
457
4 576
983 369
240 735
36 137
615
4 593
1 681
12 890
6 882
277
123
7 094
1 559
6 007
964 245
387 528
61 761
452
2 066
673
7 457
4 322
1 266
418
6 395
2 013
3 200
570 380
325 026
38 026
729
5 020
733
9 186
4 316
149
176
6 329
163
3 284
909 562
422 731
22 412
1 534
5 639
783
9 761
3 890
41
215
8 642
195
4 293
908 493
317 626
...
...
...
...
4 371
245 958
...
1 343
...
...
4 010
388 456
204
402
...
1
2 323
213 766
4 051
794
6 247
11 029
2 442
396 794
9 502
1 132
16 563
23 706
5 045
563 192
15 437
661 349
11 188
659 646
3 093
422 436
104
595 721
141
664 225
81 112
311 114
49 843
504 067
16 793
114 924
10 953
165 832
37 393
133 133
48 258
71 189
30 139
124 200
...
...
(a)* 257 000
104 326
10 938
(a)* 91 800
16 621
59 407
31 344
67 384
19 491
71 830
46 254
77 107
52 684
83 784
28 083
25 379
27 775
29 498
38 408
18 136
12 380
32 159
10 229
15 423
14 442
18 775
28 570
6 866
55 204
134 324
94 048
25
42 958
21 432
5 579
42 331
1 439
106 764
3 706
2 010
7 263
7 719
15 237
1 111 462
4 500 919
170 468
103 036
15
65 203
17 571
3 150
5 086
1 736
71 762
3 046
1 168
2 274
22 603
15 547
806 999
4 523 660
89 714
62 439
* 300
33 193
37 593
1 894
3 564
925
87 348
2 730
476
926
* 33 000
46 466
157 861
* 2 835 000
111 189
170 489
448
35 353
66 085
6 462
6 264
1 175
219 244
10 510
727
1 909
50 903
69 896
849 018
5 541 773
133 861
242 310
14 816
66 053
62 737
6 544
7 514
2 070
238 469
13 620
1 155
2 343
16 535
65 055
1 553 519
5 692 223
* 119 800
(a)* 100
* 329 400
280 028
155 198
61 606
144 607
176 755
290 644
* 110 100
(a)* 80
* 354 000
257 804
209 669
57 777
155 385
62 625
269 370
* 75 000
—
* 203 000
200 279
115 682
16 247
109 254
106 505
228 138
* 118 000
(a)* 30
* 332 000
245 095
214 643
2 479
162 649
64 474
337 675
* 110 000
(a)* 65
* 379 000
246 808
246 711
47
154 191
92 475
289 943
239
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
2007
Poland
Pig iron
7 481
Sponge and powder
2 350
Ferro-manganese and ferro-silico-manganese 20 412
Ferro-silicon
46 923
Other ferro-alloys
2 221
Ingots, blooms, billets
1 575 099
Scrap
1 199 620
Portugal
Pig iron
4 196
Ferro-alloys
206
Ingots, blooms, billets
138 692
Scrap
378 043
Romania
Sponge and powder
17 832
Ferro-chrome
8
Ferro-manganese
222
Ferro-silico-manganese
33 529
Ferro-niobium
418
Ferro-silicon
396
Other ferro-alloys
136
Ingots, blooms, billets
183 551
Scrap
1 963 213
Serbia
Pig iron
58 744
Ingots, blooms, billets
849
Scrap
441 098
Slovakia
Pig iron
10 588
Ferro-chrome
9 530
Ferro-manganese
49 723
Ferro-silico-manganese
62 898
Ferro-molybdenum
49
Ferro-silicon
16 437
Other ferro-alloys
4 025
Ingots, blooms, billets
508 620
Scrap
404 401
Slovenia
Pig iron
14 942
Ferro-chrome
3 263
Ferro-manganese
1 366
Ferro-silico-manganese
2 939
Ferro-silicon
15 277
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
722
Other ferro-alloys
1 595
Silicon metal
1 875
Ingots, blooms, billets
31 849
Scrap
245 869
Spain
Pig iron
12 491
Sponge and powder
6 404
Ferro-chrome
2 461
Ferro-manganese
71 345
Ferro-silico-manganese
33 636
Ferro-molybdenum
70
Ferro-silicon
18 323
Other ferro-alloys
6 044
Silicon metal
16 175
Ingots, blooms, billets
91 085
Scrap
162 371
240
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 189
3 838
37 978
52 976
2 932
1 580 450
1 368 952
10 543
4 448
21 640
16 401
2 655
664 035
978 862
17 340
5 293
10 113
59 845
7 452
490 919
1 334 069
21 122
16 519
2 284
76 121
8 135
846 908
1 838 699
1
546
164 425
172 133
51
255
136 284
216 037
18 502
1 746
172 983
303 013
21 606
2 392
119 353
239 842
18 697
161
701
5 793
123
444
197
220 136
1 985 977
18 807
3 543
1 801
8 120
72
727
130
51 644
2 565 443
24 454
14 234
45
19 087
53
24
223
196 302
2 519 237
29 320
10 996
26
34 387
66
0
101
267 543
2 348 565
81 427
632
345 813
71 778
46 587
328 763
70 090
20 547
416 713
46 629
111 080
357 778
20 676
10 830
48 747
55 873
222
21 352
4 384
241 811
525 777
29 779
4 029
19 204
37 792
119
15 823
1 129
255 917
318 290
70 588
10 029
14 032
35 764
78
19 656
3 390
631 135
556 952
26 976
11 189
10 229
28 660
2 416
31 004
3 226
221 697
651 135
24 639
3 419
1 090
1 243
20 826
521
6 243
1 149
21 006
199 016
4 412
3 648
1 056
1 938
6 628
50
3 297
3 049
12 296
284 958
10 507
5 320
1 769
5 959
7 280
124
4 214
5 568
17 320
343 716
21 823
4 757
1 317
4 268
13 397
123
4 554
4 753
39 269
409 401
9 747
4 763
4 768
65 330
34 307
45
9 562
393
16 008
310 671
214 913
4 772
2 566
367
29 403
25 859
242
5 939
208
5 571
261 758
302 465
2 998
2 658
1 025
52 296
58 097
359
12 854
2 191
18 463
337 566
277 401
7 023
3 233
1 181
37 866
65 469
7
12 952
2 326
21 864
194 482
431 394
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
2007
Sweden
Pig iron
152 911
Sponge and powder
26 666
Ferro-chrome
2 247
Ferro-silico-magnesium
1 260
Ferro-manganese and ferro-silico-manganese
3 859
Ferro-molybdenum
304
Ferro-phosphorus
1 128
Ferro-silicon
2 892
Ferro-vanadium
135
Other ferro-alloys
216
Silicon metal
1 474
Ingots, blooms, billets
134 568
Scrap
1 069 335
Switzerland
Sponge and powder
2 537
Ferro-alloys
653
Ingots, blooms, billets
104 433
Scrap
585 342
Turkey
Pig iron
—
Sponge and powder
—
Ferro-chrome
63 209
Ferro-manganese
3 318
Ferro-silico-manganese
216
Ferro-silicon
3 117
Other ferro-alloys
472
Ingots, blooms, billets
1 660 642
Scrap
29 237
United Kingdom
Pig iron
15 892
Sponge and powder
4 969
Ferro-alloys
41 841
Ferro-chrome
...
Ferro-chrome and ferro-silico-chrome
2 973
Ferro-silico-chrome
35
Ferro-silico-magnesium
917
Ferro-manganese
1 136
Ferro-silico-manganese
7
Ferro-molybdenum
11 823
Ferro-nickel
52
Ferro-niobium
49
Ferro-phosphorus
33
Ferro-silicon
2 314
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
19 515
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
8
Ferro-vanadium
96
Other ferro-alloys
2 917
Silicon metal
11 325
Ingots, blooms, billets
3 514 850
Scrap
6 013 907
2008
2009
2010
2011
62 588
19 844
3 534
...
3 620
301
1 370
2 616
112
895
2 458
102 086
1 449 311
141 261
296 251
35 886
50
2 423
193
364
3 004
250
280
968
58 631
1 439 126
146 027
12 335
51 010
17
3 517
340
582
6 905
50
481
2 337
261 273
1 352 399
133 387
313 081
2 752
5
3 581
375
448
6 903
57
660
1 274
235 814
1 484 197
2 126
642
65 257
636 462
1 564
943
48 349
565 415
2 191
1 191
66 642
623 910
981
1 299
85 201
630 837
10 372
520
39 324
2 466
677
1 464
1 075
2 501 135
77 654
10 616
219
75 236
1 614
2 247
1 280
1 059
2 431 211
66 673
8 028
1 326
74 570
4 410
2 362
4 619
507
3 716 586
94 498
9 357
7 581
76 255
3 536
2 172
5 807
4 886
2 459 563
105 914
2 523
2 794
40 986
...
1 385
9
976
1 210
49
11 283
81
58
45
3 250
18 557
31
79
3 981
15 132
3 348 794
6 616 708
27 765
3 103
28 899
...
1 524
50
458
963
65
7 634
18
52
312
3 338
13 098
1
64
1 373
7 753
2 118 701
6 007 656
4 339
2 938
45 314
...
2 425
22
366
8 361
52
11 248
15
224
667
2 958
15 197
4
24
3 774
2 901
1 137 160
7 507 853
2 074
3 775
43 918
1 853
...
364
338
819
132
12 948
49
179
766
6 594
17 662
3
52
2 158
3 662
668 885
7 744 411
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'ingots, blooms, billets' corresponds to items 7206, 7207, 7218 and 7224 of the Harmonised System which includes
those of alloy and high carbon steel
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
241
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Imports of iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Country
Austria
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Belgium
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Bulgaria
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Croatia
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Czech Republic
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
242
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
69 614
31 775
49 977
1 746
38 857
30 340
1 370
956
1 692
26 180
793
796
193
16 581
208 910
1 371 393
43 663
56 471
47 748
2 021
36 491
22 322
1 552
1 125
2 011
27 850
879
1 277
350
15 601
191 426
1 629 170
30 084
13 980
20 400
1 843
18 962
17 927
801
665
1 095
12 825
388
208
33
7 288
46 762
1 196 327
25 355
13 537
29 355
3 681
17 840
22 976
742
1 061
1 232
27 063
471
552
166
11 497
159 527
991 574
30 367
18 585
38 422
4 956
21 671
19 931
1 402
1 191
2 497
33 709
630
715
1 038
10 180
186 929
1 016 301
551 990
33 504
452 116
17 149
11 673
62 712
101 380
5 405
90 808
2 675
2 116
146 267
3 522
528
17 236
2 711 671
4 279 076
547 962
22 005
378 017
15 483
9 505
83 610
63 577
2 339
89 430
1 530
10 421
118 585
5 572
494
20 015
2 536 024
4 214 915
281 872
19 389
185 381
—
4 655
21 327
36 931
2 215
46 248
1 089
3 124
62 888
2 161
8 184
18 995
1 966 055
3 678 867
331 652
39 503
263 715
1 950
9 031
48 471
72 195
2 160
48 017
1 890
2 612
92 785
2 926
443
23 566
2 554 975
4 726 992
320 083
54 212
248 006
10 437
10 494
69 017
77 001
3 261
64 242
1 598
1 459
105 445
2 377
238
21 688
2 916 336
4 634 651
26 932
31 306
916
7 981
3 336
2 977
2 390
462 348
295 555
27 941
1 282
656
4 206
4 325
3 331
1 906
567 381
237 055
6 736
14 572
182
3 137
3 479
1 152
1 033
306 020
202 276
14 781
317
356
3 137
4 291
2 520
1 060
258 743
269 483
17 521
294
578
6 280
6 324
3 246
4 811
411 534
230 401
17 011
3 027
20 953
29 553
15 031
4 790
20 077
19 400
8 420
2 239
19 396
10 628
10 343
4 051
6 514
30 395
14 072
2 490
1 943
44 335
108 715
20 580
34 123
6 297
35 500
52 153
2 025
41 482
440
1 697
6 584
445 181
521 779
111 872
24 791
26 043
5 778
33 704
48 962
2 049
37 230
578
1 644
5 826
525 598
502 256
47 666
10 006
14 715
3 192
23 630
34 418
949
23 936
299
836
4 408
220 524
377 942
54 625
15 391
16 962
3 784
26 204
40 732
1 868
31 908
482
1 303
5 805
651 182
410 647
76 416
24 059
10 933
3 706
25 281
41 411
2 401
33 418
472
1 518
5 809
322 206
472 576
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Denmark
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Estonia
Ferro-alloys
Scrap
Finland
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
France
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Germany
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
18 349
61 079
1 795
1 887
595
780 837
213 776
14 064
3 602
1 465
1 702
1 080
672 439
392 453
10 299
1 742
348
569
217
328 893
269 841
10 263
3 229
177
2 864
250
538 503
337 192
17 316
3 586
35
3 328
192
609 342
242 848
1 240
53 155
1 114
37 774
305
9 267
656
8 434
602
12 230
53 901
880 575
9 650
3 989
18 138
34 994
1 892
54 106
570
560
31 814
1 707
311
1 318
7 649
687 887
42 681
942 664
11 182
3 768
15 709
34 139
1 730
50 294
757
380
29 740
1 857
425
1 638
11 114
596 792
18 097
493 087
5 094
1 337
5 985
20 642
584
17 098
318
285
21 437
710
91
548
30 206
467 642
36 120
872 476
7 055
4 838
10 595
30 204
1 316
25 746
629
543
31 395
1 043
235
1 390
18 268
754 398
31 235
1 871
8 274
4 997
11 784
30 169
1 717
40 962
849
499
30 207
1 843
193
1 281
17 119
710 558
195 466
147 662
106 513
8
26 899
63 487
45 827
5 650
6 373
2 785
2 528
52 945
10 009
597
1 432
19 659
1 998 943
3 197 843
202 077
89 809
111 584
69
26 786
69 464
54 004
5 637
5 887
3 266
2 698
61 740
8 293
666
1 575
23 885
1 747 005
3 241 199
115 722
26 695
71 570
20
12 067
33 948
34 758
3 263
12 709
1 183
1 670
30 913
2 647
247
819
15 243
1 113 710
2 407 619
139 186
52 795
111 080
50
17 244
44 405
35 405
3 720
7 724
2 195
2 656
51 906
5 457
343
1 065
19 135
1 807 094
2 450 993
160 336
84 787
99 240
50
16 137
43 245
44 217
4 857
16 270
2 225
2 227
65 306
5 756
378
1 113
19 373
2 047 778
2 682 258
655 022
249 673
484 276
14 426
25 758
217 428
210 703
18 423
169 677
6 176
6 519
274 783
15 339
1 512
5 711
190 933
3 095 162
5 920 061
713 470
90 069
544 619
12 886
23 645
209 083
156 484
17 434
177 851
6 269
4 801
215 374
13 824
2 182
5 333
225 185
2 970 042
5 675 167
402 132
294 393
305 008
8 648
12 238
122 063
111 008
12 484
127 087
4 047
1 332
146 127
5 461
1 366
3 421
183 516
1 171 865
3 865 110
421 287
500 970
454 005
29 047
14 754
203 200
185 067
16 375
192 394
5 923
6 067
272 466
8 754
787
5 034
255 977
1 611 091
5 305 194
589 302
326 097
447 242
18 334
22 190
232 613
208 913
18 760
155 881
6 579
5 137
298 352
9 818
977
5 305
241 565
2 401 066
6 658 407
243
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Greece
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Hungary
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Iceland
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Sponge and powder
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Italy
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Latvia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome (a)
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
244
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
10 461
6 741
1 016
2 654
38 321
18 783
546
1 383
250 572
1 637 437
9 185
7 709
1 146
1 753
24 943
8 170
504
2 312
171 231
1 485 316
9 107
9 685
916
1 216
8 023
4 569
170
906
159 350
1 159 166
4 427
5 772
693
837
18 515
4 888
849
1 426
28 092
1 008 235
9 127
3 302
1 217
271
12 695
4 361
167
1 746
71 878
935 510
13 285
3 116
1 132
4 311
4 168
5 907
403
2 982
29 820
87 369
12 951
1 043
12 753
4 318
4 661
5 232
640
2 184
273 585
146 494
3 403
425
15 503
2 037
922
3 100
277
2 589
104 855
34 357
7 158
756
554
12 015
724
3 630
460
4 010
30 505
56 974
5 662
638
269
16 011
1 785
3 999
572
7 832
240 299
68 566
502
63
466
4 352
—
1 128
113
1 614
1 361
1 164
1 333
5 641
237
1 528
643
1 148
6 838
4 366
633
11 545
841
204
3 204
965
4 680
557
464
8 319
4 179
997
370
5 459
4 206
955
737
5 373
4 388
989
385
7 332
4 030
1 176
361
5 423
3 310
2 235 376
465 834
419 392
16 751
108 976
229 755
7 433
91 651
2 783
721
154 797
4 230
385
2 521
1
57 854
5 991 974
5 242 020
2 238 037
396 660
389 002
15 716
96 771
186 135
8 318
104 198
2 733
488
122 236
3 861
578
2 445
243
57 493
5 311 325
5 705 462
895 818
174 364
296 813
6 026
46 537
119 670
3 998
78 383
1 395
550
89 909
4 462
300
1 158
—
27 402
2 655 726
3 321 387
1 018 615
278 989
390 374
9 269
71 406
158 540
6 141
98 168
2 751
631
137 031
3 876
247
1 901
97
48 392
3 681 439
4 609 403
1 288 014
540 005
414 410
10 881
86 512
176 855
8 541
116 806
2 521
414
160 561
3 819
252
2 330
841
53 131
3 662 856
5 752 270
65 437
131
* 20
3 021
14 947
3 086
372
656
158 649
294 904
56 964
19
* 130
10 334
23 477
18 466
132
467
146 505
412 240
38 140
14 931
* 9 050
2 345
14 722
15 085
415
783
226 967
214 564
45 454
4 460
* 300
4 090
18 898
24 660
158
1 553
206 428
443 817
2 244
565
* 1 700
1 480
17 085
25 992
245
981
402 711
366 039
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Lithuania
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-manganese
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Luxembourg
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Macedonia
Pig iron
Ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Montenegro
Pig iron
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Scrap
Netherlands
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Norway
Pig iron
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 660
9 705
5 983
437
6 011
64 661
1 218
9 634
...
457
9 661
64 462
415
2 842
2
114
1 229
29 805
315
32
...
161
4 270
35 270
142
35
...
756
5 384
71 858
3 275
47 741
577
3 987
841
788 410
3 137 236
5 478
28 617
473
8 115
1 309
1 004 405
3 880 672
1 132
25 617
166
2 846
582
364 945
1 829 754
910
27 116
192
3 428
906
407 419
2 693 481
1 317
29 053
226
3 828
1 179
370 786
2 632 849
2 467
3 737
501 134
310 410
2 609
3 402
482 294
255 543
1 732
1 618
157 566
7 375
1 823
2 401
145 509
292 049
1 382
5 970
97 889
318 612
2 040
2 306
559
629
138 421
17 864
2 921
697
422
138 502
13 954
1 664
271
127
54 801
322
1 663
288
297
19 950
1 150
891
187
566
27 396
158 199
244 874
325 741
674
105 789
81 034
11 826
16 878
465
160 792
10 730
1 186
4 132
12 829
68 719
269 481
1 669 159
292 867
253 882
275 995
1
96 135
70 108
8 566
17 602
2 074
114 290
6 781
1 572
2 042
30 407
57 446
283 834
1 842 597
122 185
109 768
40 931
1 394
39 045
29 335
2 868
4 274
949
79 461
1 860
554
519
6 951
41 740
110 561
* 1 135 000
98 575
378 111
93 919
2 838
86 504
57 967
4 643
19 378
920
178 138
11 922
1 168
2 014
11 263
82 599
536 157
1 988 278
213 530
402 025
123 284
525
89 805
80 905
7 753
25 849
1 354
152 194
13 484
1 298
1 890
17 558
75 664
1 335 875
2 188 452
11 335
1 303
10 639
1 034
43 350
3 681
39 961
195 928
267 085
11 198
929
7 448
1 960
13 502
2 471
40 878
167 309
96 427
10 639
1 162
6 608
1 186
9 097
926
29 810
59 344
91 114
1 498
1 311
5 303
548
10 615
1 665
49 349
4 733
108 802
10 709
1 534
5 254
0
9 595
2 090
53 897
5 411
138 814
245
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Poland
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Portugal
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Romania
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Serbia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Slovakia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
246
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
228 445
10 282
14 113
9 102
42 352
79 942
1 527
1 492
24 846
1 084
13 946
679 404
313 907
236 682
8 390
13 713
8 194
31 876
47 964
1 554
1 386
20 424
1 017
11 652
584 305
465 978
156 970
4 677
6 064
5 379
32 935
71 585
711
675
16 132
757
11 839
157 799
596 733
176 145
7 594
7 785
7 352
30 721
56 882
612
917
21 576
1 365
16 219
119 466
374 076
228 357
14 597
8 042
8 182
45 192
65 816
547
1 253
18 457
743
17 091
370 144
409 454
17 468
1 498
1 050
6 070
1 281
9 835
3 355
187
84 769
1 075 517
13 824
740
1 093
6 228
908
10 063
3 479
393
26 532
1 128 391
7 507
38 849
245
4 551
762
9 921
3 707
69
53 089
887 110
10 623
6 919
810
2 072
856
3 820
2 902
61
28 583
672 856
4 980
37 376
683
2 990
722
4 836
3 408
91
33 675
616 063
53 779
2 446
2 838
34 126
37 558
21 156
3 191
1 192
922 499
15 771
37 889
3 203
3 423
28 773
17 919
13 190
2 412
3 155
757 551
17 886
61 027
1 518
984
9 063
11 461
4 998
1 508
1 104
109 046
4 204
111 702
2 740
1 500
15 530
19 151
9 859
2 210
3 098
458 742
5 501
48 365
22 355
2 856
18 136
24 215
9 602
2 699
3 205
771 167
8 416
4 244
108
1 350
11 635
134
3 307
512
293 912
8 252
2 235
5 154
1 167
12 329
78
3 086
491
95 726
49 261
523
122
1 104
8 571
6
2 089
275
205 528
15 178
2 739
217
1 272
9 524
440
2 418
324
283 255
12 403
1 257
187
1 796
9 270
2 431
3 285
357
34 875
35 192
59 778
52 697
9 818
3 289
20 410
977
906
26 142
355
230
6 004
20 708
257 815
70 034
* 143 700
7 539
3 507
19 503
2 776
897
23 747
367
1 534
6 391
18 953
217 558
19 468
4 090
2 635
640
16 912
2 720
154
14 970
315
792
4 460
54 781
164 985
33 258
13 227
6 829
1 626
13 202
1 776
315
15 250
535
485
6 309
10 020
224 868
43 874
7 294
6 684
957
16 391
4 904
426
12 660
435
1 150
7 196
24 162
146 065
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Slovenia
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Spain
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Sweden
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
Switzerland
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
102 973
1 420
23 645
2 052
6 061
4 789
569
2 364
14 017
2 862
7 654
11 479
363 362
68 153
1 311
25 665
3 418
5 663
3 373
540
538
24 651
1 984
6 536
12 930
367 968
24 031
1 053
15 951
1 682
4 157
3 467
410
...
11 335
899
4 929
1 568
281 950
29 120
1 225
26 575
2 388
6 175
8 810
717
...
13 114
1 687
7 874
8 191
495 432
25 327
1 630
36 528
2 375
5 763
7 697
885
42
15 739
1 883
8 318
31 931
561 713
652 786
611 893
1 123 216
7 289
24 599
48 205
5 863
75 625
8 283
2 554
71 487
1 276
1 189
82
3 640
1 733 247
6 316 516
688 421
621 627
203 518
9 890
17 126
74 962
3 777
68 355
685
1 488
46 445
1 006
1 122
4 378
8 856
1 587 605
7 408 237
380 731
295 665
113 275
5 818
13 357
50 683
3 756
43 936
553
193
27 140
611
809
360
9 523
1 007 820
4 674 099
442 656
636 496
164 125
7 705
19 930
39 895
6 446
47 389
983
1 425
27 581
1 203
1 088
1 909
8 446
1 269 577
5 708 900
315 904
640 549
152 254
10 705
15 256
36 803
6 943
43 284
1 334
1 816
29 894
1 120
1 094
5 508
11 801
1 061 766
4 764 338
59 661
16 799
125 057
3 104
5 986
75 409
17 085
4 377
9 162
1 242
1 331
42 315
691
1 005
105
6 756
137 032
242 167
80 450
11 861
114 712
3 873
8 916
68 246
10 677
5 693
6 803
1 264
386
34 249
1 370
956
153
7 631
264 782
193 207
40 076
2 691
78 244
1 215
2 154
27 869
5 754
2 652
3 286
604
430
25 880
653
547
30
4 404
119 549
174 279
58 974
11 668
90 630
1 805
2 445
60 577
9 099
4 388
7 995
1 146
415
37 424
1 127
729
76
6 818
193 605
217 682
78 818
24 398
74 988
4 133
1 837
57 927
11 586
4 723
10 119
1 544
632
37 743
1 459
1 058
77
5 375
203 669
245 225
28 095
9 685
1 834
9 922
5 992
5 287
72
1 406
1 508
50 301
475 542
28 630
8 873
1 803
11 696
5 011
5 264
52
1 034
1 255
29 911
505 597
12 256
5 931
288
8 003
1 595
4 287
82
529
1 256
9 188
313 055
16 812
6 668
1 480
11 566
3 767
5 014
548
876
1 385
18 026
452 626
17 969
4 812
1 846
9 721
4 948
5 937
544
982
1 661
61 349
456 700
247
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Turkey
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
United Kingdom
Pig iron
Sponge and powder
Ferro-alloys
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-phosphorus
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-titanium and ferro-silico-titanium
Ferro-tungsten and ferro-silico-tungsten
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Ingots, blooms, billets
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
338 641
19 801
11 138
2 627
56 619
236 039
1 628
446
246
100 758
616
472
7 015
2 530
1 930 627
13 335 810
802 741
96 393
11 321
12 008
73 319
195 623
1 645
609
1 731
90 477
634
529
337
6 207
3 849 141
17 414 983
770 160
81 008
2 787
6 047
46 760
191 605
1 173
338
412
60 164
651
323
13
5 852
3 590 665
15 372 727
557 398
284 608
8 159
8 137
61 866
229 451
1 577
147
1 050
87 552
167
261
16
9 978
2 350 758
19 138 460
1 137 729
180 591
9 061
9 552
59 326
243 637
1 091
424
1 035
107 151
480
591
205
10 363
2 157 532
21 452 724
89 863
11 766
298 803
46 975
1 242
2 303
100 694
56 036
515
14 960
1 490
2 070
66 838
1 677
33
755
3 215
25 787
849 803
204 100
61 657
27 003
314 921
79 692
128
1 614
96 461
52 966
369
16 520
1 189
2 473
59 438
1 290
27
543
2 210
56 807
679 019
228 294
19 703
17 483
160 285
34 884
26
512
49 700
37 114
325
2 777
686
282
31 091
396
26
209
2 270
68 109
212 829
213 818
41 959
97 745
208 817
58 398
9
931
46 985
49 280
322
6 284
859
836
43 703
274
48
340
547
99 651
714 541
270 986
69 095
147 870
225 819
70 191
362
1 328
39 159
51 928
573
13 888
395
1 134
45 918
187
44
368
344
101 005
1 185 242
423 744
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'ingots, blooms, billets' corresponds to items 7206, 7207, 7218 and 7224 of the Harmonised System which includes
those of alloy and high carbon steel
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
248
Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Iron and steel ingots, blooms and billets - EU35 trade in 2011
Italy
Belgium
Germany
Turkey
France
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Spain
Romania
Denmark
Bulgaria
Latvia
Luxembourg
Poland
Czech Republic
Hungary
Sweden
Austria
Macedonia
Greece
Switzerland
Serbia
Portugal
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Ireland, Republic of
Norway
Croatia
Exports
Imports
-3
-2
-1
0
Million tonnes
1
2
3
4
Iron and steel scrap - EU35 trade in 2011
Turkey
Germany
Italy
Spain
Belgium
France
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Austria
Greece
Finland
Portugal
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Poland
Latvia
Macedonia
Sweden
Denmark
Bulgaria
Slovakia
Norway
Lithuania
Hungary
Croatia
Serbia
Montenegro
Estonia
Romania
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Cyprus
Malta
Exports
Imports
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
Million tonnes
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
249
Kaolin
Kaolin
Kaolin is the market name for the clay mineral kaolinite. Unlike ceramic and refractory clays, kaolinite is usually processed to eliminate
impurities and to tailor the product for end-use. Kaolin has many industrial applications: the main ones are in the manufacture of paper,
ceramics, rubber, plastics, paint, cement and glass-fibres.
USA was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 21 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Germany (19 per cent),
followed by China (12 per cent), Brazil (nine per cent) and Iran (six per cent).
EU35 Production of kaolin 2011
Others 7.5%
Germany 53.4%
Portugal 3.5%
Rest of World
64.3%
Spain 3.3%
EU35 35.7%
Turkey 7.1%
United Kingdom 10.9%
Belgium 3.3%
France 3.8%
Czech Republic 7.2%
Production of kaolin
Country
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic (a)
France
Germany (b)
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Poland (c)
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain (c)
Turkey
United Kingdom
16 929
* 300 000
* 240 000
682 000
307 253
3 842 514
30 000
2 136
* 180 000
153 670
183 598
7 576
97 432
46 000
489 428
456 238
1 671 426
16 460
* 300 000
* 220 000
664 000
335 520
3 622 159
4 360
—
* 180 000
165 615
217 434
3 060
398 917
44 000
355 739
232 746
1 355 365
18 148
* 300 000
* 140 000
488 000
350 000
4 513 753
—
—
* 180 000
136 561
274 925
651
163 616
10 000
270 298
234 614
1 059 848
18 914
* 300 000
* 190 000
636 000
350 000
4 578 097
3 493
—
* 180 000
250 000
273 890
326
76 197
—
310 993
787 287
* 1 000 000
18 897
* 300 000
* 250 000
660 000
350 000
4 898 516
2 056
—
* 180 000
143 000
322 041
—
90 472
4 000
302 580
* 650 000
* 1 000 000
EU35 Total
8 706 200
8 115 375
8 140 414
8 955 197
9 171 562
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed Denmark is believed to produce kaolin
(a) Beneficiated
(b) Washed and dried
(c) Washed
250
Kaolin
EU35 Production of kaolin 2007 - 11
10,000
9,000
Thousand tonnes
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of kaolin
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 292
611 902
160 372
173 251
351
86
10 597
412 284
507 867
3 762
16 265
160
416 108
10 401
70 580
17 213
12 546
199 541
18 229
786
132 834
2 499 011
2 445
1 030 076
139 069
233 819
486
...
8 587
319 301
498 165
3 110
13 627
268
72 264
8 936
47 562
10 251
593
155 563
30 495
128
130 923
1 955 020
8 954
783 512
119 736
174 814
352
—
13 832
268 674
374 313
2 847
21 392
414
33 563
11 515
51 014
4 239
1 425
156 915
31 122
203
61 828
1 393 939
27 908
523 697
159 669
485 203
607
878
18 176
272 778
389 927
2 436
36 208
22
33 923
9 781
31 390
1 868
4 493
167 811
23 103
287
137 963
1 722 335
6 588
232 664
197 114
537 962
1 370
830
30 760
273 802
431 815
3 272
27 994
6
24 652
13 591
102 721
1 282
552
161 156
16 444
55
83 203
2 315 560
251
Kaolin
Imports of kaolin
tonnes
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
218 813
853 701
29 717
21 845
23 461
35 288
3 214
1 155 041
311 060
717 102
40 298
25 168
19 322
881 968
11 071
568
9 013
16 849
612 720
208 709
122 245
154 891
51 347
43 867
87 956
28 363
1 571 143
448 129
45 629
163 015
73 014
226 682
1 465 754
28 748
24 009
20 662
47 525
3 902
1 147 687
263 449
647 278
62 415
29 089
18 766
810 560
11 173
607
10 951
12 259
352 122
253 361
126 426
114 041
48 422
65 704
95 911
25 682
1 470 440
468 491
39 932
402 812
79 546
192 860
905 784
20 623
14 486
13 228
37 738
1 588
708 210
200 203
585 675
49 509
25 094
3 155
505 593
7 476
159
6 316
4 879
68 072
190 562
90 183
73 081
40 326
32 091
58 509
20 776
757 859
408 564
33 555
301 086
77 504
194 396
1 001 057
23 784
10 238
14 125
37 007
881
941 387
231 779
715 770
31 132
24 175
4 039
823 461
10 594
486
904
4 985
150 929
225 576
117 914
96 851
51 754
50 421
62 748
27 287
1 061 732
367 948
24 249
424 152
95 865
187 831
890 863
25 789
11 278
18 733
37 755
211
936 544
220 764
705 107
14 336
29 736
3 414
707 622
9 289
360
563
3 815
150 310
149 002
143 476
106 955
56 871
38 810
70 451
28 779
1 055 122
389 358
21 460
497 148
204 792
Kaolin - EU35 trade in 2011
Spain
Finland
Belgium
Italy
Germany
Turkey
Sweden
France
United Kingdom
Austria
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Romania
Serbia
Denmark
Hungary
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Switzerland
Czech Republic
Greece
Croatia
Latvia
-2,500
Exports
Imports
-2,000
-1,500
-1,000
-500
Thousand tonnes
252
0
500
1,000
1,500
Lead
Lead
Lead is a very soft, highly malleable, ductile metallic element with low electrical conductivity. It is also very dense and strongly resistant to
corrosion, although it tarnishes rapidly in air. The main use is in lead-acid batteries, although lead is also widely used in architecture,
plumbing, ordinance, solder, radiation shielding and insecticides.
China was the world’s largest producer of mined lead in 2011, with 50 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Australia
(13 per cent), followed by USA (seven per cent), Peru and Mexico (five per cent each).
China was also the world’s largest producer of refined lead in 2011, with 45 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA
(12 per cent), followed by Germany, India and South Korea (four per cent each).
EU35 Mine production of lead 2011
Rest of World 94.2%
Sweden 22.6%
Turkey 14.4%
Poland 15.6%
EU35 5.8%
Others 5.1%
Bulgaria 5.2%
Greece 4.9%
Macedonia 13.6%
Ireland 18.5%
Mine production of lead
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria (a)
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Macedonia
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (b)
17 768
13 400
56 800
3 000
36 039
61 330
784
1 600
—
63 224
20 800
(u)* 300
14 577
14 000
50 200
3 000
49 877
67 070
—
1 600
—
63 489
31 800
(u)* 300
12 981
10 000
49 500
2 000
46 788
62 910
* 3 000
1 800
1 000
69 293
21 600
243
12 705
12 200
39 100
3 000
41 293
48 050
* 3 000
1 800
300
67 697
38 500
251
14 369
13 400
50 700
3 000
37 295
42 636
* 3 000
2 100
5 705
62 028
39 500
280
EU35 Total
275 045
295 913
281 115
267 896
274 013
Notes
(a) Metal content of ore
(b) By-product of Pennine fluorspar operations and of gold mining in Northern Ireland
EU35 Mine production of lead 2007 - 11
Thousand tonnes
(metal content)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
253
Lead
EU35 Production of refined lead 2011
Poland 8.2%
Spain 10.6%
Others 9.0%
Sweden 3.2%
Italy 9.0%
Rest of World 84.4%
United Kingdom 16.9%
EU35 15.6%
Germany 26.4%
Belgium 7.3%
Bulgaria 4.4%
France 4.9%
Production of refined lead
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
28 500
117 000
87 000
34 000
10 000
* 88 000
355 000
* 11 000
22 500
211 800
* 16 000
104 200
5 000
39 369
1 300
15 000
128 000
69 730
* 9 000
* 6 000
263 391
26 900
104 000
90 900
36 000
10 000
82 100
415 100
* 11 000
20 000
199 900
* 16 000
108 300
5 000
39 596
—
15 000
145 000
56 812
* 8 000
* 6 000
283 000
22 200
109 000
83 100
29 000
10 000
62 000
390 600
* 11 000
19 000
149 000
* 17 000
100 400
4 000
8 687
—
14 000
138 000
51 574
800
* 6 000
301 865
25 500
121 000
80 600
30 000
10 000
71 000
405 400
* 11 000
19 000
150 000
16 000
120 300
4 000
11 263
—
14 000
163 000
59 179
—
* 6 000
297 453
26 200
119 000
71 000
34 000
10 000
80 000
429 100
* 11 000
18 000
146 500
16 000
133 800
4 000
6 854
—
15 000
172 000
52 438
—
* 6 000
274 055
1 621 790
1 678 608
1 527 226
1 614 695
1 624 947
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
Note
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined lead and include the lead content of antimonial lead.
EU35 Production of refined lead 2007 - 11
1,800
Thousand tonnes
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2007
254
2008
2009
2010
2011
Lead
Exports of lead
Country
Austria
Unwrought
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Croatia
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Scrap
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Unwrought
France
Unwrought
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought
Scrap
Hungary
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Italy
Unwrought
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Lithuania
Scrap
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Norway
Scrap
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13 629
1 018
13 844
600
12 512
2 173
16 427
871
15 619
729
96 059
111 338
19 974
114 105
95 878
18 336
148 562
108 442
21 962
101 160
145 571
21 479
167 055
130 655
18 945
23 417
66 384
9 555
80 972
4 188
77 713
4 611
78 977
9 331
68 472
3 590
1 872
1 025
1 697
1 842
16 707
6 855
18 713
8 136
23 617
4 832
32 743
1 914
27 649
2 357
1 685
1 159
4 057
3 485
4 118
10 091
10 473
8 861
10 624
11 513
14 936
29 544
17 630
15 888
14 554
20 815
36 293
37 654
40 470
20 392
467
136 609
17 799
—
177 129
13 133
1 000
204 075
13 100
4 296
203 077
9 892
19 697
196 443
12 932
9 913
769
5 792
1 390
2 360
913
5 209
1 945
3 068
735
2 369
4 052
4 001
1 898
2 428
108 645
496
91 728
49
109 877
114
62 729
638
64 470
4 144
8 008
7 661
34 904
6 897
23 006
7 594
7 821
9 776
15 455
10 173
363
164
1 352
3 243
3 086
11 776
9 730
4 210
5 941
5 335
47 209
70
2 622
...
184
2 209
60 702
1 271
226
55 482
801
226
48 959
421
219
2 897
14 824
21 822
55 980
7 725
12 278
74 725
11 061
13 807
63 921
12 971
35 168
94 100
16 989
30 486
974
695
504
1 800
1 444
70 970
34 455
3 120
69 852
40 017
1 110
59 790
48 599
1 525
35 459
43 945
1 668
30 132
59 599
1 010
3 092
9 961
4 950
3 105
6 647
2 222
8 785
1 710
8 050
1 855
10 501
23 289
4 659
17 396
22 752
2 997
15 759
9 049
2 526
9 096
10 573
5 659
5 952
18 722
6 846
11 118
7 187
11 763
5 683
9 133
6 695
10 265
5 661
13 981
7 848
255
Lead
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Slovenia
Unwrought
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Scrap
Turkey
Ores and concentrates (a)
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
8 860
1 415
6 960
391
6 891
325
8 090
566
6 008
160
130
9 242
7 023
1 015
14 771
6 616
14 147
13 434
3 862
9 513
6 630
6 781
24 608
15 683
5 029
56 581
65 733
734
61 439
53 715
816
72 220
46 795
1 044
111 153
55 501
1 445
73 996
54 370
1 471
7 383
4 860
7 387
3 236
1 765
4 748
230
5 497
19
5 732
34 715
52 988
35 973
64 247
65 917
19
68 152
39 246
31 942
177
79 520
57 466
47 660
67
126 743
54 505
56 055
11
105 235
62 406
69 404
84
144 877
4 820
74 789
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' lead corresponds to item 7801 of the Harmonised System and comprises base bullion, pigs, unwrought
bars, etc.
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified
(a) Complex lead-zinc ore
Imports of lead
Country
Austria
Unwrought
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Scrap
Denmark
Unwrought
Scrap
Finland
Unwrought
France
Unwrought
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought
Scrap
Hungary
Unwrought
256
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
27 015
27 475
21 580
19 391
31 675
108 164
36 620
54 915
97 474
30 413
25 873
192 496
18 121
34 085
169 356
14 467
31 992
154 976
27 696
33 219
92 929
15 854
3 338
119 522
15 529
5 830
63 185
10 182
12 145
81 307
7 283
17 462
74 810
21 566
4 627
66 060
6 519
59 318
4 672
65 896
4 150
81 762
2 901
36 233
2 763
1 033
2 228
192
1 984
107
2 583
128
2 890
172
1 989
2 283
3 195
2 346
1 512
2 446
118 384
34 169
103 535
22 490
42 187
13 579
34 090
12 848
39 305
15 182
211 132
138 978
30 313
212 602
118 779
28 231
234 102
103 642
40 547
184 018
157 301
39 653
205 464
157 653
35 823
11 792
2 071
6 875
2 800
10 644
1 753
11 149
1 692
16 980
2 136
5 802
2 711
2 663
6 138
9 497
Lead
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought
Scrap
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Lithuania
Scrap
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Poland
Unwrought
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Slovenia
Unwrought
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Turkey
Unwrought
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought , base bullion (a)
Unwrought, other
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
35 675
25 828
23 480
17 702
15 784
16 689
14 357
12 074
15 345
12 305
111 999
114 471
7 107
85 760
99 015
2 972
29 210
86 054
2 031
20
111 301
2 609
0
109 458
4 976
368
162
3 301
4 459
5 755
22 303
22 419
22 006
5 307
9 373
11 325
1 935
7 195
13 593
1 558
8 717
21 255
8 083
8 496
16 886
7 055
6 473
5 026
6 449
7 713
44 235
1 256
35 465
2 467
29 861
2 293
46 810
7 154
52 011
6 673
14 704
12 014
6 642
5 593
9 403
17 064
835
27 055
872
5 889
9 245
7 052
11 834
9 420
16 789
...
2 742
11
...
2 871
...
...
4 493
0
5 978
6 018
1 228
8 127
5 302
2 643
12 761
5 191
14 103
1 556
13 036
1 985
16 025
3 812
17 594
3 611
8 188
157 485
42 629
7 107
116 492
35 506
3 199
121 522
35 703
10 946
110 217
43 432
6 722
114 380
42 236
—
6 554
3 771
275
6 922
2 089
—
5 028
5 176
14 763
5 340
9 464
—
5 783
8 401
7 087
9 915
9 446
5 664
2 838
46 966
79 460
73 520
73 057
85 131
72
119 726
31 180
7
17 685
116
194 113
19 569
19 924
4 621
24
130 312
15 479
1 798
4 962
23
151 653
14 359
787
8 858
47
127 691
18 601
1 287
4 792
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' lead corresponds to item 7801 of the Harmonised System and comprises base bullion, pigs, unwrought
bars, etc.
(2) The term 'unwrought' as used here includes alloys unless these are separately specified
(a) Includes a substantial precious metal content, mainly silver
257
Lead
Lead ore - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Belgium
Bulgaria
Romania
Serbia
Netherlands
Exports
Spain
Turkey
Imports
Sweden
Poland
Macedonia
Ireland, Republic of
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Thousand tonnes
Lead - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
United Kingdom
Spain
Italy
Poland
France
Czech Republic
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Slovenia
Greece
Romania
Ireland, Republic of
Hungary
Portugal
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Serbia
Switzerland
Denmark
Croatia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Latvia
-250
Exports
Imports
Metal
Scrap
-200
-150
-100
-50
Thousand tonnes
258
0
50
100
150
200
Lithium
Lithium minerals
Lithium is a very light metallic element. It is mainly used in lithium compounds that act as fluxes in the ceramics and glass industries, and in
lubricants. The metal is an important alloying agent with primary aluminium. Lithium is increasingly being used in rechargeable batteries.
Lithium can either be produced from minerals, such as spodumene or lepidolite, or from brine extracted from beneath salt lakes. Based on
lithium content, Chile was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with an estimated 53 per cent of the total world output, which was entirely
from brine extraction. The second largest was Australia (21 per cent, entirely from minerals), followed by Argentina (11 per cent, from brine),
USA (six per cent, from brine) and China (five per cent, from both minerals and brine).
Production of lithium minerals
Country
Portugal
Lepidolite
Spain
Lepidolite
EU35 Total
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
34 755
34 888
37 359
40 109
37 534
10 326
9 342
4 270
7 824
* 7 800
45 081
44 230
41 629
47 933
45 334
Exports of lithium
Country
Austria
Carbonate
Belgium
Oxides
Carbonate
Germany
Carbonate
Italy
Carbonate
Netherlands
Oxides
Carbonate
Slovenia
Carbonate
Spain
Carbonate
Switzerland
Oxides
United Kingdom
Oxides
Carbonate
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
45
28
10
170
166
1 370
4 915
1 281
3 567
781
3 042
2 284
4 539
1 890
4 428
2 705
2 290
1 880
2 387
2 927
225
193
145
49
105
331
318
511
299
205
227
116
160
365
300
110
122
128
88
91
192
128
228
175
268
75
88
2 041
190
1
92
158
232
216
569
193
144
123
7
50
259
Lithium
Imports of lithium
Country
Austria
Carbonate
Belgium
Oxides
Carbonate
Czech Republic
Carbonate
Denmark
Carbonate
France
Oxides
Carbonate
Germany
Oxides
Carbonate
Italy
Oxides
Carbonate
Netherlands
Oxides
Carbonate
Poland
Oxides
Carbonate
Slovenia
Oxides
Spain
Oxides
Carbonate
Sweden
Oxides
Carbonate
Switzerland
Oxides
Turkey
Oxides
Carbonate
United Kingdom
Oxides
Carbonate
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
248
333
327
402
463
1 784
5 895
1 851
4 414
1 179
3 410
2 410
4 183
2 953
7 770
146
64
35
66
74
155
311
402
340
358
314
1 289
256
1 251
362
1 172
570
1 137
479
2 792
5 163
8 131
5 420
7 098
(a)* 3 000
4 433
(a)* 1 900
6 486
(a)* 500
5 735
160
1 303
246
1 519
96
1 185
175
1 123
148
1 369
428
1 459
537
729
228
316
290
431
494
527
245
184
61
162
86
137
86
175
114
177
144
186
139
95
125
600
1 811
501
3 908
521
2 825
1 007
3 239
698
3 423
107
236
146
278
149
191
214
87
243
69
142
143
110
118
141
245
683
257
617
208
613
268
770
261
865
614
779
466
536
914
622
218
427
215
376
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports into certain countries
260
Magnesite and magnesia
Magnesite
Magnesite is the commonly used name for magnesium carbonate rock. Magnesite has excellent thermal resistance and is most commonly
used as refractory bricks in furnaces. It is also used in fertilisers.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 63 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (11 per cent),
followed by Turkey and Austria (four per cent each) and Slovakia (three per cent).
EU35 Production of magnesite 2011
Spain 14.7%
Slovakia 19.1%
Turkey 25.4%
Rest of World 82.9%
EU35 17.1%
Poland 1.9%
Netherlands 7.0%
Greece 10.0%
Austria 22.0%
Production of magnesite
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Greece
Netherlands (a)
Poland
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
811 556
351 414
* 245 000
65 000
957 000
464 498
1 984 908
837 476
361 165
316 264
60 000
806 500
442 339
2 143 047
544 716
380 834
183 256
47 000
477 600
390 311
861 180
757 063
396 497
236 053
63 000
650 100
462 959
1 541 860
867 912
393 880
274 877
75 000
751 700
577 725
* 1 000 000
EU35 Total
4 879 376
4 966 791
2 884 897
4 107 532
3 941 094
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce magnesite
(a) Chloride produced from solution mining
EU35 Production of magnesite 2007 - 11
Thousand tonnes
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
261
Magnesite and magnesia
Exports of magnesite and magnesia
Country
Austria
Magnesite
Magnesia
Belgium
Magnesite
Magnesia
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Magnesite
Magnesia
Germany
Magnesite
Magnesia
Greece
Magnesia
Ireland, Republic of
Magnesite
Magnesia
Italy
Magnesite
Magnesia
Lithuania
Magnesia
Luxembourg
Magnesite
Netherlands
Magnesite
Magnesia
Poland
Romania
Magnesia
Serbia
Slovakia
Magnesite (a)
Magnesia
Slovenia
Magnesia
Spain
Magnesite
Magnesia
Sweden
Magnesia
Turkey
Magnesite
Magnesia
United Kingdom
Magnesite
Magnesia
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
760
57 964
602
28 779
1 746
26 716
989
39 589
780
79 519
1 761
64 293
3 988
451
1 911
81 909
4 540
461
876
59 644
3 728
518
1 235
96 513
3 809
796
914
58 237
7 096
644
373
48 852
310
57 342
576
35 523
274
52 553
207
35 543
463
87 264
22
72 684
140
58 604
229
94 198
1 303
67 605
132 083
126 496
84 399
108 020
110 276
5 487
3 981
5 006
9 912
9 133
8 595
3 383
33 334
18 665
11 761
3 878
9 036
2 337
8 172
1 945
5 873
2 535
7 393
3 236
6 194
26
...
537
717
352
197
481
621
943
1 325
582
128 060
2 632
494
344 675
1 921
180
160 337
734
423
139 516
1 087
744
402 976
651
351
463
440
858
381
561
460
2 179
212
7 355
* 6 000
444 539
* 9 300
409 295
* 7 400
261 876
* 8 400
336 786
* 4 900
340 612
257
421
344
334
259
607
185 364
725
175 307
2 167
156 027
410
224 590
573
259 493
1 593
235
380
303
165
40 414
181 870
68 054
175 441
35 097
162 651
24 213
209 633
37 902
238 620
51
16 371
316
13 647
518
9 662
470
14 497
745
28 042
Notes
(1) The term 'magnesia', as used here, includes dead-burned, sintered and caustic-burned (caustic calcined) material
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
262
Magnesite and magnesia
Imports of magnesite and magnesia
Country
Austria
Magnesite
Magnesia
Belgium
Magnesite
Magnesia
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Magnesite
Magnesia
Denmark
Magnesite
Magnesia
Estonia
Magnesia
Finland
Magnesia
France
Magnesite
Magnesia
Germany
Magnesite
Magnesia
Greece
Magnesite
Magnesia
Hungary
Magnesite
Magnesia
Ireland, Republic of
Magnesite
Magnesia
Italy
Magnesite
Magnesia
Latvia
Magnesia
Lithuania
Magnesia
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands
Magnesite
Magnesia
Norway
Magnesia
Poland
Magnesite
Magnesia
Portugal
Magnesite
Magnesia
Romania
Magnesia
Serbia
Magnesia
Slovakia
Magnesite
Magnesia
Slovenia
Spain
Magnesite
Magnesia
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
933
317 952
2 319
248 037
937
21 708
848
272 232
1 512
214 788
3 148
101 887
4 670
1 872
2 357
141 185
6 296
1 682
1 412
104 577
3 180
1 289
3 820
80 845
5 678
1 208
2 076
70 954
11 378
1 061
6 527
52 330
4 193
54 246
3 460
38 048
7 108
38 862
4 578
40 975
512
3 327
456
4 149
2 680
5 472
2 728
4 636
2 299
4 927
101
222
260
297
382
15 989
8 692
6 439
7 387
9 214
2 355
163 908
2 378
164 235
1 209
117 821
784
126 821
1 087
127 469
17 029
568 508
8 420
562 618
6 731
276 674
12 751
473 545
5 625
515 139
12 611
20 682
44 397
7 328
19 803
1 729
3 603
2 198
14 704
7 506
442
9 318
1 751
7 892
1 081
1 563
1 331
6 783
1 499
4 369
5 971
48 088
4 385
42 999
4 191
22 523
5 535
39 638
6 333
49 122
10 240
131 140
18 347
150 098
9 375
93 262
21 454
143 725
27 347
133 451
4 678
5 355
2 827
5 524
2 735
6 501
1 373
18 863
5 196
1 663
13 956
855
2 202
10 113
1 245
2 612
11 266
593
2 375
9 418
1 390
437 684
3 609
314 860
3 259
80 478
459
345 154
3 115
458 372
4 298
5 989
4 904
10 987
8 714
1 536
109 810
216
109 646
2 658
81 304
3 966
113 757
1 375
137 148
924
7 119
1 521
5 863
697
8 538
1 162
4 504
1 379
5 523
19 666
13 003
7 427
10 389
13 391
4 871
840
585
570
547
3 520
36 768
8 117
3 401
40 675
8 272
2 906
12 731
4 346
3 916
28 639
7 279
4 960
27 100
64 675
4 092
117 867
2 839
143 849
10 029
42 980
3 926
94 840
6 164
97 566
263
Magnesite and magnesia
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Sweden
Magnesite
Magnesia
Switzerland
Magnesite
Magnesia
Turkey
Magnesia
United Kingdom
Magnesite
Magnesia
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
477
17 556
38
14 701
2
15 832
84
12 004
114
20 425
1 024
7 144
69
7 772
502
4 762
362
4 625
793
4 917
43 360
61 519
40 595
60 121
58 556
10 194
57 905
7 016
59 300
3 567
43 873
8 640
49 076
7 903
52 263
Note
(1) The term 'magnesia', as used here, includes dead-burned, sintered and caustic-burned (caustic calcined) material
Magnesite and magnesia - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Netherlands
Austria
Italy
Poland
France
Spain
Belgium
Slovenia
United Kingdom
Turkey
Ireland, Republic of
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Greece
Sweden
Romania
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Finland
Norway
Denmark
Portugal
Hungary
Switzerland
Latvia
Luxembourg
Croatia
Serbia
-500
Imports
Exports
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
Thousand tonnes
264
200
300
400
500
600
Manganese
Manganese ore
Manganese is a hard, brittle metal. The chief ores are pyrolusite and other manganese dioxides. The principal use is in the steel industry as
a desulphuriser and an alloying agent, where it imparts hardness and wear resistance. Manganese is also an important constituent of many
aluminium alloys. Manganese dioxide is a component of dry-cell batteries; other compounds are used in the chemical industry. Manganese
ore, ferro-manganese, electrolytic manganese dioxide and manganese metal are the chief forms in international trade.
China was the world’s largest producer of manganese ore in 2011, with 30 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South
Africa (18 per cent), followed by Australia (15 per cent), Gabon (eight per cent) and Brazil (seven per cent).
Production of manganese ore
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
27 900
51 000
49 350
39 100
49 579
43 590
28 300
43 000
20 304
106 000
55 000
13 120
85 600
58 000
3 180
128 250
132 269
91 604
174 120
146 780
Bulgaria
Hungary
Romania
EU35 Total
200,000
EU35 Production of manganese ore 2007 - 11
180,000
Tonnes
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of manganese
Country
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Italy
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
15 819
4 060
8 578
1 947
5 192
714
4 444
1 185
9 982
1 625
19 335
17 369
29 715
163 257
91 110
464
226
137
5
25
31
98
341
32
25
333 747
327
321 638
488
138 787
631
152 425
717
125 827
805
5 761
15 414
3 321
12 921
3 710
6 727
4 480
8 243
5 035
8 907
309
494
326
716
963
8 223
19 767
19 103
19 144
28 701
15 642
21 806
38 159
29 097
44 310
56 939
2 373
10 266
1 363
9 214
59
10 709
112
2 600
462
265
Manganese
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Poland
Metal
Romania
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal (b)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
460
35
603
2 875
41
3 024
6 666
—
—
—
1 299
5 783
518
4 562
21 456
3 386
707
1 297
623
1 735
13 007
20
81 280
401
59 183
81
51 731
4 952
100 172
12
114
* 2 100
244
* 3 200
65
* 2 200
97
* 2 000
129
* 2 100
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including manganiferous iron ore
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of manganese
Country
Austria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Croatia
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Hungary
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates (a)
Italy
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
266
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
383
17 543
215
14 275
184
11 512
152
16 696
334
21 123
79 022
6 403
83 909
4 423
61 980
3 076
49 731
4 377
49 393
5 466
27 602
—
20
5
133
586
64
53
23
30
16 079
757
15 715
2 542
16 063
2 219
25 758
984
28 810
907
775
317
698
233
1 158
136
257
183
1 051
124
836
478
168
576
85
27 251
2 379
24 926
2 649
12 224
912
21 961
2 134
3 792
2 123
678 369
15 198
876 961
19 115
193 684
8 905
721 272
17 586
647 182
21 186
15 997
42 368
14 916
47 581
14 645
33 989
17 346
43 346
19 137
40 705
—
51 425
31 776
22 888
51 374
254
332
293
1 185
220
280
198
336
159
461
286
75
65
54
9 565
113 300
7 100
114 289
5 839
77 075
3 709
55 284
5 788
81 629
5 759
143 556
170 455
...
56 893
110 589
Manganese
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Slovakia
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Switzerland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
11 749
31 236
10 664
35 573
9 398
19 083
23 045
50 866
33 555
35 618
1 083 361
2 953
1 232 799
2 595
525 674
1 297
1 121 716
1 974
1 085 383
2 697
32 984
1 167
54 087
716
1 930
507
4 345
1 514
4 509
436
51
765
13
68
56
79
3 030
16 432
646
16
527
87 880
220
66 285
588
13 584
209
12 981
233
16 833
180
17 003
324
14 366
317
253 048
313
211 653
350
74 712
395
146 434
442
130 519
659
388
438
264
433
420
349 131
9 563
640 677
10 033
54 606
3 994
407 450
7 510
508 794
10 951
130
3 012
388
3 287
854
1 880
522
3 815
438
5 241
415
778
472
472
340
282
214
556
333
509
428
719
2 531
874
540
583
694
980
1 295
1 202
1 569
7 021
4 133
8 773
941
4 123
1 517
6 619
1 656
5 444
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under Iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including manganiferous iron ore
Manganese ores and concentrates - EU35 trade in 2011
Norway
France
Spain
Slovakia
Macedonia
Italy
Romania
Greece
Belgium
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Germany
Serbia
Ireland, Republic of
Poland
Finland
United Kingdom
Turkey
Bulgaria
-200
Exports
Imports
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Thousand tonnes
267
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at room temperature. The chief economic sources are deposits of the mineral cinnabar but
mercury is also recovered from base metal refining. Mercury’s main uses are in electrical switches and other control apparatus, and in dental
amalgam. Large amounts remain in use in chlor-alkali plants and in batteries but these applications are being phased out.
Only ten countries commercially extracted mercury in 2011. China was the world’s largest producer, with 72 per cent of the total world
output. The second largest was Kyrgyzstan (12 per cent), followed by Mexico (six per cent), Chile (five per cent) and Russia (two per cent).
EU35 Production of mercury 2011
Rest of World 99.8%
Finland 0.2%
Production of mercury
kilograms
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Finland
45 195
33 120
6 210
9 000
5 000
Note
(1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes
EU35 Production of mercury 2007 - 11
50,000
45,000
Kilograms
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2007
268
2008
2009
2010
2011
Mercury
Exports of mercury
kilograms
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 000
3 300
3 600
45 600
9 100
42 300
...
125 946
196 039
61 600
779 110
140 336
...
4 311
200
110 800
6 300
35 000
1 700
111 100
...
84 247
192 605
17 700
639 203
11 592
22 885
6 369
2 000
1 400
6 400
6 211
718
120 587
...
89 228
419 480
46 200
376 885
25 372
89
178 571
(a)* 3 300
11 500
1 100
9 321
1 595
110 405
6 400
202 273
195 272
106 100
964 922
8 529
2 156
9 321
(a)* 1 600
600
1 700
4 830
49 992
197 989
10 700
68 623
72 020
7 300
824 421
53 581
10 890
5 368
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of mercury
kilograms
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 322
7 800
3 200
200
190 000
84 100
338
3 300
1 019
9 491
674 888
15 700
—
80 054
3 400
906 297
10 600
6 687
9
2 668
587
133 100
3 700
209
105 300
19 700
2 628
4 293
979
21 754
293 481
13 300
7 500
2 325
5 200
337 117
13 800
3 557
3 069
2 387
360
15 700
4 400
2 136
222 224
28 678
668
4 800
1 182
19 992
* 101 000
10 900
25 100
415
4 500
467 614
21 300
801
1 635
1 121
383
57 200
2 400
2 203
19 073
104 241
211
5 000
8 582
10 510
30 636
4 300
152 900
18 149
4 700
335 852
2 700
1 370
719
22 065
200
12 500
4 400
4 069
1 406
134 666
1 200
8 400
24
15 246
213 259
39 900
125 400
19 500
27 700
54 748
2 400
471
9 772
425
Mercury - EU35 trade in 2011
Netherlands
Germany
Portugal
Spain
Poland
Slovakia
Romania
Italy
Belgium
Turkey
Hungary
Czech Republic
Finland
Sweden
France
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Austria
-900
Exports
Imports
-800
-700
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Tonnes
269
Mica
Mica
Micas are a group of chemically complex rock-forming minerals recognisable by a perfect cleavage (i.e. they are naturally flaky). Sheet mica
is used predominantly in electrical insulation and ground mica has a very wide variety of uses including filler, dusting agent, absorbent, fire
insulator, strength enhancer in plastics and decorative material.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 43 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (16 per cent),
followed by South Korea (ten per cent), France (six per cent) and Canada (five per cent).
EU35 Production of mica 2011
Spain 9.4%
France 47.3%
Rest of World 86.9%
EU35 13.1%
Turkey 11.2%
Finland 32.1%
Production of mica
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Finland
France (a)
Spain (a)
Turkey
11 449
* 20 000
5 569
3 313
10 706
* 20 000
4 254
8 392
7 855
* 18 000
3 655
4 172
13 809
* 19 000
4 034
* 4 500
12 896
* 19 000
3 775
* 4 500
EU35 Total
40 331
43 352
33 682
41 343
40 171
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce mica
(a) Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
EU35 Production of mica 2007 - 11
50,000
45,000
Tonnes
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2007
270
2008
2009
2010
2011
Mica
Exports of mica
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Belgium
Finland
Ground
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Unmanufactured
Ground
Turkey
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Unmanufactured
Ground
Waste
4 234
3 226
4 274
2 127
3 328
1 562
4 303
1 590
4 245
2 363
8 956
13 959
4 957
1 429
6 842
2 168
7 138
13 923
4 713
3 211
1 341
2 640
6 125
10 819
2 888
857
3 214
1 835
11 377
12 455
4 197
697
1 687
2 078
8 516
12 821
4 479
1 014
2 396
2 144
2 473
1 089
—
3 820
1 259
1 368
840
4 749
563
1 521
570
3 944
1 339
2 269
601
4 137
1 823
2 193
1 039
...
2
3 818
0
14
4 735
...
4
3 928
12
12
4 125
...
4
4 234
...
Notes
(1) This table shows unmanufactured mica and includes sheet, block, splittings, ground and waste, unless these are separately specified.
Mica powder is included under the term 'ground'
Imports of mica
Country
Austria
Belgium
Unmanufactured
Ground
Waste
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Unmanufactured
Ground
Germany
Unmanufactured
Ground
Waste
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Unmanufactured
Ground
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Unmanufactured
Ground
Norway
Unmanufactured
Ground
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
722
857
492
874
656
417
3 461
4 364
2 262
366
4 098
2 155
5 409
2 067
1 958
276
4 383
3 454
3 507
45
981
242
1 988
2 636
4 086
8
2 513
237
3 647
2 395
4 722
120
740
150
3 351
197
2 335
1 144
2 031
370
1 844
255
1 861
848
2 149
16
36 345
782
123
508
386
33 175
966
218
291
221
25 682
316
317
43
1 330
29 716
428
169
77
10 527
26 405
20
175
24
189
4 803
787
106
3 980
41
417
2 597
0
136
3 854
1
209
3 849
3
400
9 933
751
2 618
523
3 490
191
21 756
419
20 744
912
337
1 118
284
478
1 871
1 174
1 243
880
125
488
952
1 021
1 140
1 134
139
441
1 467
1 224
1 179
1 150
284
785
1 183
1 573
294
2 019
288
1 077
1 534
271
Mica
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
United Kingdom
Unmanufactured
Ground
Waste
289
6 705
3 433
377
7 061
2 030
328
6 396
49
43
7 341
902
243
7 926
0
Notes
(1) This table shows unmanufactured mica and includes sheet, block, splittings, ground and waste, unless these are separately specified.
Mica powder is included under the term 'ground'
272
Molybdenum
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a hard metal. It is an important component of high tensile steel where it imparts hardness, tolerance of high temperatures
and resistance to corrosion. Molybdenum disulphide is used as a dry lubricant.
Molybdenum is generally produced as a by-product of copper mining. Production in 2011 was confined to only 11 countries, of which China
was the world’s largest producer, with 37 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (25 per cent), followed by Chile
(16 per cent), Peru (eight per cent) and Mexico (four per cent).
Exports of molybdenum
Country
Austria
Metal (a)
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Bulgaria
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Spain
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 3 500
* 3 000
* 1 800
* 2 300
* 2 800
22 340
556
829
11 314
243
379
15 581
105
91
24 396
371
83
25 337
128
366
99
123
132
122
355
485
55
75
205
352
2 723
346
3 575
2 857
2 502
725
5 017
763
3 955
1 248
311
221
185
159
873
604
205
488
982
1 523
911
443
2 299
443
286
26 613
409
3 059
16 284
282
4 253
4 408
46
1 805
17 126
249
6 429
19 765
492
6 434
3
18
68
243
14
78
237
2
64
241
8
35
433
0
305
572
5
3
403
2
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
273
Molybdenum
Imports of molybdenum
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Oxides
Finland
Ores and concentrates
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Lithuania
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Poland
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Ores and concentrates
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Oxides
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 243
1 502
430
548
951
43 932
752
2 796
37 964
358
2 075
37 101
344
968
46 899
142
694
42 498
235
1 204
47
15
47
10
193
213
130
284
560
1 040
127
184
82
118
104
432
361
388
418
253
5 789
3 498
40
—
...
1 511
830
670
1 933
1 094
1 191
769
541
1 018
1 209
888
1 095
1 764
1 098
1 465
10 721
4 238
1 776
9 645
4 132
1 905
6 953
1 726
1 661
9 134
3 038
2 890
9 500
3 761
2 699
34
60
58
45
50
112
102
69
70
60
5 901
215
183
6 220
254
125
6 703
171
176
9 108
136
276
5 248
219
199
11
6
7
65
37
30 403
1 060
1 341
36 305
572
859
9 555
84
230
35 335
274
594
40 562
261
865
616
843
281
889
1 292
5
24
106
1
2
876
690
292
561
523
4 622
113
3 787
189
1 724
236
2 585
239
3 572
83
7 003
281
780
4 645
442
711
2 514
470
219
5 487
644
414
5 893
360
357
4
8
3
89
291
16
46
28
12
34
18 381
1 390
513
15 130
2 102
1 433
9 007
707
510
12 581
1 099
1 638
15 844
1 415
2 316
Note
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
274
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel is a hard, strong, corrosion-resistant, malleable and ductile metal that is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Its most important
use is in steel alloys where it imparts strength and toughness. It is also widely used in plating, both metals and plastics, and combined with
copper in cupro-nickel alloys.
The Philippines overtook Russia and Indonesia to become the world’s largest producer of mined nickel in 2011, with 17 per cent of the total
world output. The second largest was Russia (15 per cent), followed by Indonesia, Canada and Australia (12 per cent each).
China was the world’s largest producer of refined nickel in 2011, with 25 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia
(16 per cent), followed by Japan (ten per cent), Canada (nine per cent) and Australia (seven per cent).
EU35 Mine production of nickel 2011
Macedonia 36.0%
Rest of World 96.1%
Norway 0.5%
Turkey 6.1%
EU35 3.9%
Greece 30.5%
Finland 26.9%
Mine production of nickel
Country
tonnes (metal content)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Finland
Greece
Macedonia
Norway
Spain
Turkey
3 600
21 200
15 000
378
6 630
* 2 000
6 200
18 600
15 000
377
8 136
* 1 500
1 600
9 600
12 000
336
8 029
1 199
12 100
16 100
14 200
348
6 296
* 1 900
19 100
21 700
25 600
339
—
* 4 300
EU35 Total
48 808
49 813
32 764
50 944
71 039
EU35 Mine production of nickel 2007 - 11
Tonnes (metal content)
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
275
Nickel
EU35 Smelter/refinery production of nickel 2011
Norway 40.2%
Rest of World 85.8%
United Kingdom 15.9%
EU35 14.2%
Macedonia 7.6%
Austria 0.4%
Greece 8.1%
France 6.0%
Finland 21.8%
Smelter/refinery production of nickel
Country
Austria
Finland
France
Greece
Macedonia
Norway
Serbia
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
900
55 000
14 800
18 668
15 300
87 600
1 000
34 050
500
51 963
13 700
16 640
15 000
88 700
—
40 800
700
41 556
13 900
8 269
12 000
88 577
—
17 800
1 000
49 772
14 400
13 960
14 400
92 185
—
28 900
1 000
49 823
13 700
18 530
17 292
92 000
—
36 300
227 318
227 303
182 802
214 617
228 645
Note
(1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts
EU35 Smelter/refinery production of nickel 2007 - 11
250,000
Tonnes
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2007
276
2008
2009
2010
2011
Nickel
Exports of nickel
Country
Austria
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Belgium
Mattes, sinters etc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Bulgaria
Scrap
Czech Republic
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Scrap
Finland
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Oxides (b)
France
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Germany
Mattes, sinters etc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Hungary
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Scrap
Italy
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Latvia
Scrap
Unwrought alloys
Lithuania
Scrap
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Mattes, sinters etc (b)
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Norway
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Poland
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 208
333
1 910
225
1 775
265
1 606
208
2 709
234
68
1 423
4 954
15 642
2 401
476
115
2 750
2 872
13 298
2 152
1 196
921
1 212
6 883
11 883
2 479
834
697
724
3 443
9 271
1 357
221
2 380
1 161
7 430
9 684
1 838
910
20
48
364
1 220
2
1 245
171
617
601
758
643
2 420
228
275
4 558
126
341
3 427
272
338
482
642
1 063
1 765
1 244
1 260
1 680
89
0
536
441
—
(a) 43 428
* 600
27
14 069
40 108
* 500
1 511
—
37 202
* 200
323
8 946
(a) 31 275
* 500
33
23 411
(a) 39 472
* 200
517
7 578
12 308
1 475
178
7 558
10 754
2 475
68
11 435
12 095
1 377
315
30 601
9 376
1 307
1 306
11 685
10 997
1 875
18 473
2 520
7 383
4 256
9 664
20 202
316
5 646
5 200
8 988
8 687
1 619
8 227
2 617
3 083
13 981
2 673
9 563
3 751
1 866
15 998
299
8 600
4 184
4 423
150
231
144 529
20 284
120
40
81
203
170
126
556
236
220
557
269
724
1 272
658
972
541
1 293
3 537
2 408
627
2 097
49
...
199
2
3 301
165
3 108
112
2 284
116
232
131
85
76
46
9 328
...
0
60 181
25 579
* 6 500
4 456
80
* 2 400
4 614
117
* 2 900
1 711
105
* 1 800
1 956
165
* 2 400
1 793
49 681
1 185
5 379
88 628
394
8 093
88 940
274
2 464
88 080
1 042
4 818
91 813
582
7 598
92 705
...
268
466
558
...
647
334
759
1 443
260
172
260
1 134
416
1 876
38
—
749
252
29
277
Nickel
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Romania
Scrap
Slovakia
Scrap
Unwrought
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Spain
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Sweden
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Switzerland
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
United Kingdom
Mattes, sinters etc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
90
1 397
1 089
816
561
116
72
1 061
259
140
201
295
68
1 368
84
232
268
117
1 544
520
227
65 853
767
226
127 812
600
875
102 105
573
366
93 536
738
376
26 597
400
5 344
390
457
1 513
288
511
1 376
522
363
1 022
497
534
1 137
599
516
1 750
113
1 603
94
1 519
53
1 090
173
909
130
175 712
79
—
130 179
734
232
99 700
470
141
172 682
519
292
378 350
841
96
40
46
16 872
24 147
4 375
8
26
61
18 229
26 235
4 378
19
107
182
12 693
15 834
4 753
8
389
54
19 361
18 639
4 530
2
157
51
17 405
28 994
6 025
2
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' nickel corresponds to item 7502 of the Harmonised System which excludes all electroplating anodes
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of nickel
Country
Austria
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Belgium
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Bulgaria
Unwrought (a)
Czech Republic
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Oxides
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Scrap
Unwrought
278
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
605
7 874
1 164
10 511
367
4 142
440
6 894
527
9 231
1 194
9 946
37 466
403
241
1 250
566
29 492
723
618
499
288
12 037
1 915
565
330
918
15 052
469
700
598
1 553
19 170
574
1 033
195
204
90
125
201
294
4 429
919
473
3 728
838
1 468
2 179
319
1 257
2 223
393
178
3 750
399
529
100
122
382
234
803
(a) 350
129
(a) 34
—
(a) 15
—
(a) 27
10
47
Nickel
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Finland
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
France
Mattes, sinters etc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Germany
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Hungary
Unwrought (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought (a)
Italy
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides (b)
Norway
Mattes, sinters etc
Unwrought (a)
Poland
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Portugal
Unwrought
Romania
Unwrought (a)
Serbia
Unwrought
Slovakia
Scrap
Unwrought (a)
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
Sweden
Mattes, sinters etc
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
50 856
299
256 932
15 455
2
33 247
481
290 914
18 187
14
22 715
149
185 202
9 192
792
33 986
17
217 164
14 558
17 649
35 284
40
276 892
9 946
2 688
19 864
1 131
1 341
25 752
7 702
542
18 952
413
2 166
23 368
9 386
560
20 015
1 783
1 265
10 909
5 364
310
19 921
265
2 164
13 964
5 029
524
19 954
37
2 988
21 693
7 345
412
1 911
19 799
1 532
74 083
2 531
593
797
18 316
1 310
68 767
6 102
617
561
8 259
1 087
42 201
3 839
463
849
8 584
1 667
69 282
8 023
621
2 048
11 924
1 184
68 023
11 778
476
116
69
219
346
35
97
1 118
626
1 503
1 748
1 372
41 802
1 613
892
42 339
2 164
763
25 833
2 841
1 063
39 586
1 171
656
38 075
1 314
863 999
789 929
985 925
1 210 300
1 393 490
15
14 008
...
204
* 20
11
12 647
...
1 227
* 30
* 220
4 666
...
227
* 70
5 940
21 724
...
638
* 50
9 544
4 607
230 179
3 548
* 70
165 628
215
178 502
201
153 437
199
170 365
235
199 173
246
38
4 897
2 344
...
3 683
3 398
1 468
2 122
1 353
1 223
341
3 350
7
603
2 722
(a) 450
524
316
312
221
528
338
288
456
224
184
174
116
143
107
4
139
11
190
—
120
52
112
312
617
967
2 686
2 020
2 967
3 230
42 232
250
21 202
1 426
94
1
120
22 668
1 547
151
5
236
12 290
821
50
5
151
16 468
1 125
329
1
806
17 567
966
323
4 252
9 118
25 303
356
1 490
12 215
25 474
1 317
1 607
8 709
16 544
661
1 239
10 491
23 375
397
1 723
10 332
23 191
216
279
Nickel
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Turkey
Unwrought (a)
United Kingdom
Mattes, sinters etc
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Oxides
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 787
2 054
1 202
1 370
1 199
3 710
4 038
2 711
3 391
4 047
62 637
663
10 376
21 044
2 947
49
63 553
241
10 291
16 888
3 210
13
25 929
150
9 593
8 003
3 596
1
50 263
16
8 154
14 200
3 310
6
58 519
1
6 741
12 707
4 644
5
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' nickel corresponds to item 7502 of the Harmonised System which excludes all electroplating anodes
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Nickel - EU35 trade in 2011
Netherlands
Germany
Italy
France
Exports
Sweden
Belgium
Spain
United Kingdom
Finland
Austria
Imports
Turkey
Czech Republic
Slovenia
Metal
Ores, mattes and sinters etc
Poland
Ireland, Republic of
Switzerland
Norway
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
Thousand tonnes
280
100
200
300
400
Petroleum and natural gas
Crude petroleum
Petroleum (‘oil’) is a fundamental energy resource and raw material for lubricants, olefins, polymers (plastics) and other synthetic materials.
Saudi Arabia was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 13 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (also with
13 per cent), followed by USA (nine per cent), Iran and China (five per cent each).
EU35 Production of crude petroleum 2011
Romania 2.1%
United Kingdom 32.1%
Others 7.0%
Rest of World 95.0%
EU35 5.0%
Denmark 5.5%
Italy 2.7%
Norway 50.7%
Production of crude petroleum
Country
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia (a)
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
853 548
25 700
911 207
240 000
15 552 000
1 901 600
1 013 000
3 415 374
80 000
838 672
5 800 000
154 449
2 576 222
125 763 000
720 603
4 837 000
639 089
23 000
344
142 879
2 131 288
70 357 000
861 639
23 000
867 027
236 000
14 338 000
1 869 500
975 000
3 053 998
66 000
811 000
5 200 000
127 658
2 163 000
121 101 700
754 907
4 528 000
636 383
21 000
174
127 542
2 222 594
66 745 000
905 031
23 800
807 424
217 000
13 045 000
1 733 000
899 000
2 800 063
87 000
796 000
4 600 000
114 956
1 704 000
115 000 000
686 992
4 388 940
663 005
19 000
138
106 817
2 489 914
64 001 000
875 969
22 400
748 791
173 000
12 090 000
2 080 000
* 800 000
2 511 174
86 000
790 000
5 100 000
114 464
1 414 000
105 042 000
686 487
4 172 411
865 499
16 000
233
121 528
2 602 114
58 988 000
838 052
21 400
691 197
163 000
10 908 900
2 173 132
* 800 000
2 677 136
87 126
696 453
5 280 000
113 895
1 464 000
100 289 000
614 704
4 081 979
1 020 490
18 000
263
99 926
2 383 000
63 498 000
EU35 Total
237 975 975
226 729 122
215 088 080
199 300 070
197 919 653
Notes
(1) The figures shown in this table exclude natural gasoline
(a) From oil shale
281
Petroleum and natural gas
EU35 Production of crude petroleum 2007 - 11
Thousand tonnes
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of crude petroleum
Country
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Slovakia
Spain (a)
Turkey (a)
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 422 211
16 573
9 493 573
190
196 926
55 635
1 442 498
—
155 416
207 858
99 245 180
287 684
22 172
* 2 400
* 3 584 000
47 058 702
2 496 349
18 130
8 593 198
65
40 011
—
1 195 500
...
128 838
328 795
91 299 591
34 871
18 159
* 24 000
* 4 115 000
43 354 245
2 390 390
21 600
8 520 980
1 689
265 799
11
619 630
93
113 172
184 860
87 982 743
17 227
14 932
* 400
* 2 956 000
43 550 953
2 593 653
18 239
7 363 518
161 761
180 515
96
423 777
524
110 597
340 357
79 030 886
3
13 048
* 164 000
* 1 139 000
41 591 305
2 278 613
18 685
6 899 354
467 914
283 784
46 629
713 237
42 208
80 025
81 621
70 031 846
186 730
15 359
* 300
* 702 000
34 304 184
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of crude petroleum
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
282
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7 645 010
34 847 065
7 162 499
4 285 565
7 179 766
2 136 643
18 375
12 221 330
81 011 061
105 162 534
16 938 841
6 064 641
3 595 537
89 130 022
7 945 639
35 556 835
7 262 658
3 476 266
8 141 759
2 240 240
1 425
11 908 304
81 854 226
105 835 665
6 422 841
(a)* 6 959 000
2 878 397
82 998 642
7 428 183
32 376 828
5 770 397
4 044 874
7 451 765
3 320 486
1
11 516 562
70 343 956
97 648 203
2 437 424
(a)* 6 241 000
2 792 968
76 301 866
6 770 069
35 234 358
5 355 541
3 517 452
7 770 418
2 562 669
2
11 211 580
59 946 970
91 239 711
19 064 118
5 310 899
2 931 391
76 729 305
7 358 582
34 059 177
4 999 511
2 838 313
6 968 871
2 625 412
3
11 504 505
62 875 826
87 338 296
13 010 825
5 935 772
2 720 968
72 173 373
Petroleum and natural gas
Imports continued
Country
Lithuania
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 869 858
1 063 614
57 027 374
1 446 918
20 778 118
12 386 104
8 533 821
2 586 011
6 141 203
57 773 847
17 719 046
4 595 181
23 445 764
44 129 689
9 325 904
1 057 671
58 484 561
828 709
20 949 949
12 050 226
8 419 364
2 585 294
5 778 688
59 444 410
19 184 387
5 141 634
21 833 471
52 103 843
8 413 067
992 672
35 086 584
1 225 514
19 959 321
10 193 366
6 893 956
2 280 658
5 787 725
52 331 324
16 818 080
4 755 189
14 219 427
50 656 965
9 018 334
...
60 408 191
1 508 241
22 009 801
11 251 958
5 821 640
1 869 881
5 555 541
52 714 224
18 236 284
4 534 930
16 873 392
50 447 008
8 943 996
685 090
55 108 848
1 238 531
22 870 416
10 152 747
5 451 662
1 497 415
5 988 119
51 960 524
17 988 419
4 302 674
18 049 163
53 647 056
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Crude petroleum - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Italy
France
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Spain
Belgium
Poland
Turkey
Sweden
Greece
Finland
Portugal
Lithuania
Austria
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
Switzerland
Croatia
Ireland, Republic of
Denmark
Serbia
Norway
Macedonia
Exports
Imports
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Million tonnes
283
Petroleum and natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas is an increasingly important fundamental energy resource. It is used chiefly as a fuel but also a basic feedstock for chemicals
such as propane and butane, and in the manufacture of ammonia and fertilisers. It is transported either by pipeline, often over
transcontinental distances, or by ships in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Russia was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 20 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (19 per cent),
followed by Iran, Qatar and Canada (with four per cent each).
EU35 Production of natural gas 2011
Others 3.4%
Poland 2.1%
Romania 4.0%
Rest of World 91.8%
Norway 36.2%
United Kingdom 17.1%
EU35 8.2%
Denmark 2.2%
Germany 4.6%
Italy 3.0%
Netherlands 27.3%
Production of natural gas
Country
Austria
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of (a)
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
million m3
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 835
295
2 892
148
8 757
1 023
18 075
21
2 653
519
9 700
72 431
89 700
5 653
11 981
274
195
3
42
839
76 970
1 544
218
2 729
168
9 562
925
16 547
14
2 703
506
9 300
79 325
99 200
5 382
11 520
282
111
3
46
894
74 937
1 559
15
2 591
180
7 980
813
15 554
11
2 748
414
7 900
74 659
103 500
5 537
11 273
279
114
3
19
660
63 022
1 713
74
2 727
201
7 792
* 800
13 666
* 10
2 600
402
7 600
83 944
107 250
5 666
11 138
423
106
7
58
626
59 674
1 591
443
2 471
187
6 263
* 800
12 952
* 10
2 315
361
8 340
76 431
101 376
5 825
11 164
448
106
2
44
756
47 790
304 007
315 916
298 831
306 477
279 675
Notes
(1) So far as possible the figures in this table exclude flared or reinjected gas
(a) Sales
284
Petroleum and natural gas
EU35 Production of natural gas 2007 - 11
350,000
Million m3
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of natural gas
Country
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany (a)
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Norway
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (b)
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 688 210
20 807 227
540 782
—
3 786 580
1 218
10 247 611
* 17 703 000
127 853
5 447
585 818
63 999 250
—
124 820
34 212
31 159
51
5 392
9 361 445
2 812 303
59 248 950
457 192
—
4 023 305
1 420
22 087 224
* 19 648 000
—
—
1 749 247
71 394 708
890 688
112 328
24 368
—
—
412 655
9 543 217
2 164 960
7 659 165
570 296
834 462
2 906 339
4 557
3 469 724
* 11 354 000
323 537
383
1 620 776
74 357 298
254 997
334 205
3
61 433
961
665 247
11 160 939
2 645 056
11 792 847
347 567
1 318 872
(a)* 1 044 000
9 052
2 908 272
* 14 165 000
—
3
1 427 161
75 626 277
389 309
1 153 269
—
200 027
21
590 182
14 461 473
2 945 349
23 022 897
180 323
1 115 748
(a)* 836 000
4 729
8 017 462
* 13 906 000
—
—
159 619
74 356 856
875
1 439 467
—
555 012
6 159
(a)* 653 000
15 239 637
Notes
(1) This table includes both liquified natural gas (HS code: 271111) in tonnes and natural gas in gaseous state (HS code 271121) in tonnes
of oil equivalent
(2) To convert figures from million tonnes (of oil equivalent) to billion m3, multiply by 1.11
(a) BGS estimate, based on known imports into certain countries
(b) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh using 85.985 tonnes of oil equivalent to 1 GWh. Source: Department of Energy and
Climate Change
285
Petroleum and natural gas
Imports of natural gas
Country
Austria
Belgium
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Netherlands (a)
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom (b)
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
6 988 269
11 194 656
700 955
5 478 515
...
726 823
5 822 601
75 216 254
75 980 087
3 789 666
7 366 053
3 838 104
71 491 000
1 158 965
2 414 798
1 797
63 225
* 10 072 000
118 063
3 758 075
8 877 219
1 453 564
4 249 360
807 877
27 048 984
749 162
2 402 267
27 836 698
7 136 000
11 419 294
855 326
6 264 909
...
717 831
6 028 908
79 101 617
78 201 702
4 186 746
8 574 143
4 364 595
36 489 000
1 138 776
2 246 642
221 375
86 823
* 17 228 000
442
4 188 706
7 757 273
1 548 551
4 640 012
750 581
32 044 466
647 510
2 596 153
33 996 147
7 566 509
14 431 349
738 109
7 080 247
...
477 844
—
32 440 935
78 990 573
3 086 243
6 238 749
4 192 236
52 879 546
1 047 240
1 761 529
92 122
53 192
* 9 512 000
231
3 770 943
1 451 767
1 046 465
4 820 301
748 930
28 024 572
860 497
2 450 414
38 563 499
8 697 934
14 144 704
587 846
7 471 522
103 236
491 806
3 252 037
41 624 014
82 784 241
3 520 510
5 858 735
4 738 918
59 616 091
1 160 668
2 048 906
3 591
79 059
* 11 044 000
4 393
3 849 819
* 2 000 000
1 346 955
5 765 254
828 674
27 795 263
1 066 174
2 759 930
49 981 718
9 390 448
13 250 074
579 005
7 175 884
198 509
478 288
3 543 126
50 897 525
87 762 701
4 233 660
5 788 348
4 430 360
50 506 295
1 099 045
2 385 268
3 077
93 816
* 12 153 000
1 005
3 543 064
3 283 138
1 362 390
5 747 975
736 641
27 529 122
899 467
2 521 494
49 695 891
Notes
(1) This table includes both liquified natural gas (HS code: 271111) in tonnes and natural gas in gaseous state (HS code 271121) in
tonnes of oil equivalent
(2) To convert figures from million tonnes (of oil equivalent) to billion m3, multiply by 1.11
(a) BGS estimate, based on known exports from certain countries
(b) Tonnes of oil equivalent, converted from GWh using 85.985 GWh to 1 tonne of oil equivalent. Source: Department of Energy and
Climate Change
286
Phosphate rock
Phosphate rock
Phosphate rock is the term given to a range of phosphorus-bearing minerals that are commercially exploited. Phosphate rock is chiefly used
to produce fertilisers. The remainder is used in the manufacture of detergents, animal feedstock and many other minor applications.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 40 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (14 per cent),
followed by Morocco (also with 14 per cent), Russia (five per cent) and Peru (four per cent).
Production of phosphate rock
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Finland
830 989
780 000
658 347
817 289
869 694
Exports of phosphate rock
Country
Belgium
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Finland
France (a)
Germany
Italy
Lithuania
Macedonia
Netherlands
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
115 628
...
732
6 942
* 20 000
168
7 800
2 011
2 050
106 235
109 350
7 840
1 623
504
84 619
2 960
1 091
3 248
* 22 000
314
7 661
140
1 685
120 214
164 848
4 754
4 897
759
15 792
...
817
3 796
* 22 000
137
6 416
—
1 233
11 807
56 973
1 565
1 228
514
30 744
—
—
52 006
* 18 000
489
10 751
—
1 056
138 239
153 182
1 888
125
615
62 021
...
...
117 304
* 19 000
1 641
16 139
—
651
166 704
164 440
10 985
2 253
573
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of phosphate rock
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
106 018
1 512 059
462 247
327 936
33 954
1 051
113 286
442 826
115 109
237 577
2
6 028
249 847
1 529
1 202 196
847 776
673 331
(a)* 158 000
1 458 207
534 734
328 599
20 928
881
118 749
374 792
145 905
251 845
41
3 425
248 005
477
1 209 385
1 108 711
682 369
(a)* 58 000
579 326
309 564
117 441
543
737
—
130 323
28 863
192 135
37
85
89 245
62
1 162 070
192 355
403 098
(a)* 160 000
1 114 210
455 539
51 010
9 917
282
28 144
305 259
120 580
252 644
45
5 328
231 808
99
1 354 093
779 354
9 638
61 030
1 076 842
570 288
67 007
13 163
463
...
264 541
117 971
220 591
1 028
264
243 718
197
1 254 579
779 537
6 499
287
Phosphate rock
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 689 120
114 826
193 276
102 505
267
109 768
1 653 874
2 369
4 645
782 996
23 052
1 448 780
90 667
225 581
102 441
251
164 872
1 611 494
922
358
741 190
28 971
458 923
44 189
103 500
3 974
258
56 969
438 755
2 918
585
707 595
5 600
1 299 106
93 348
233 377
20 394
1 688
153 160
1 017 820
3 869
3 657
686 966
9 873
1 434 124
91 703
254 061
60 024
1 662
164 442
377 348
12 968
20 007
814 382
15 885
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Phosphate rock - EU35 trade in 2011
Poland
Lithuania
Belgium
Turkey
Netherlands
Bulgaria
Spain
France
Romania
Italy
Greece
Slovenia
Germany
Portugal
Croatia
Austria
Serbia
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Sweden
Norway
Slovakia
Finland
-250
Exports
Imports
0
250
500
750
Thousand tonnes
288
1,000
1,250
1,500
Platinum metals
Platinum group metals
The platinum group metals (PGMs) are platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium and iridium. Of these, platinum and palladium are
the most commercially significant. Platinum and palladium have important applications in electronics, jewellery and as catalysts (in catalytic
converters for vehicles and in many industrial processes). They are also investment commodities.
South Africa was the world’s largest producer of platinum in 2011, with 74 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia
(13 per cent), followed by Zimbabwe (five per cent), Canada (four per cent) and USA (two per cent).
Russia was the world’s largest producer of palladium in 2011, with 47 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South Africa
(36 per cent), followed by Canada (six per cent), USA (five per cent) and Zimbabwe (four per cent).
South Africa was also the largest producer of other platinum group metals in 2011, with 92 per cent of the world’s output. Other producers
were Zimbabwe, Russia (with three per cent each) and Canada (one per cent).
Mine production of platinum group metals
Country
kilograms (metal content)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
30
20
30
20
30
20
30
20
* 30
* 20
2
15
—
70
12
38
—
22
*—
25
67
120
100
72
75
Poland
Platinum
Palladium
Serbia
Platinum
Palladium
EU35 Total
Exports of platinum group metals
Country
Austria
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Bulgaria
Waste and scrap (a)
Croatia
Waste and scrap
Czech Republic
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Platinum and platinum metals
Finland
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
France
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Germany
Palladium
Platinum
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Hungary
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
£30 801 000
£621 000
£52 298 000
£621 000
£38 485 000
£295 000
£83 434 000
£1 070 000
£110 119 000
£757 000
5 800
592 300
8 400
649 800
10 700
315 200
7 500
497 000
8 900
218 400
* 94 700
* 1 400
* 44 000
* 16 000
* 23 000
18 314
27 018
27 959
53 996
24 958
(a)* 800
1 900
3 400
700
5 200
—
6 800
—
2 900
15 300
48
1
7 000
200
100
19
463
30
218
34 126
267
6 238
723
6 684
75
4 758
2 800
190 100
2 033
2 120
282 400
1 140
1 396
609 699
1 884
914
179 798
2 566
1 255
270 355
27 800
28 100
22 300
3 399 700
28 600
27 700
24 700
3 238 800
43 329
36 204
65 029
3 352 271
35 462
24 597
33 299
5 997 852
43 952
24 994
28 158
6 960 588
89 200
...
...
92 300
91 200
289
Platinum metals
kilograms
Exports continued
Country
Ireland, Republic of
Waste and scrap
Italy
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Latvia
Waste and scrap
Lithuania
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Netherlands
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Norway
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Poland
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Portugal
Waste and scrap
Slovakia
Platinum and platinum metals
Slovenia
Platinum and platinum metals
Spain
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Switzerland
Palladium
Platinum
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Platinum and platinum metals
United Kingdom
Palladium
Platinum
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
7 179
16 854
8 544
5 440
1 763
11 783
5 828
94 988
13 350
8 295
257
10 043
8 898
311
10 408
12 684
634
9 982
14 436
37 750
219
181
—
—
...
404
62 710
101 900
193 600
126 800
4 700
...
5 800
...
2 500
24 700
...
5 600
—
16 000
£8 190 000
£3 766 000
25 850
£18 207 000
£10 385 000
352 175
£59 804 000
£10 383 000
* 163 160
£14 634 000
£7 953 000
1 877
£9 386 000
£7 261 000
220
14 611
66 193
15 393
5 119
12 341
35 829
9 714
157 937
11 951
36 399
156
139
7 275
7 399
47 400
1 600
1 100
300
2 400
3 400
33 500
...
—
...
15 100
15
45 800
1 700
5 800
84 100
84
110
400
—
...
434
44
3 104
88 069
1 672
225 411
2 347
291 877
1 255
163 420
£900 000
242 500
£851 000
575 300
£177 000
40 400
£429 000
69 000
£1 203 000
43 600
52 880
57 569
636
393 326
86 503
69 404
717
616 867
57 571
61 433
192
362 419
70 662
72 006
464
314 061
60 859
63 853
494
289 174
...
18
3 142
5 124
2 765
56 994
52 789
23 731
3 793 637
47 142
40 630
22 548
4 278 682
53 091
43 177
20 044
4 273 222
42 864
24 464
23 021
527 862
50 917
37 836
17 319
287 198
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'Platinum' and/or 'Platinum metals' includes unwrought, partly worked and alloys
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £ sterling
(3) See explanatory notes at the front of this volume regarding currency conversions
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
290
Platinum metals
Imports of platinum group metals
Country
Austria
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Belgium
Platinum and platinum metals
Bulgaria
Platinum and platinum metals
Cyprus
Platinum and platinum metals (a)
Czech Republic
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Denmark
Platinum and platinum metals
France
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Germany
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Greece
Platinum and platinum metals
Hungary
Platinum and platinum metals
Iceland
Platinum and platinum metals
Ireland, Republic of
Platinum and platinum metals
Italy
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Latvia
Waste and scrap
Lithuania
Waste and scrap
Luxembourg
Platinum and platinum metals
Netherlands
Platinum
Platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Norway
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Poland
Platinum and platinum metals
Portugal
Platinum and platinum metals
Slovakia
Platinum
Palladium
Spain
Platinum and platinum metals (a)
Waste and scrap
Sweden
Platinum and platinum metals
Waste and scrap
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 100
...
700
100
1 600
—
1 400
100
4 100
21 400
500
300
1 200
1 000
400
82 367
613
16
17
5
* 700
* 400
...
* 900
* 400
99
477
913
42 358
47 932
4 414
81 500
600
772
25 000
17 700
7 835
2 100
100
54 300
6 952
6 448
4 699
2 300
796
6 263
3 631
114 300
8 471
4 404
241 200
3 633
5 348
359 138
4 516
3 006
143 885
4 010
...
296 178
51 500
54 700
9 700
11 442 800
47 100
55 100
6 400
10 983 600
42 452
47 092
12 120
6 224 314
40 983
53 479
19 655
8 069 744
38 019
50 926
21 319
7 290 427
7 400
300
100
500
1 400
126
453
26
1 300
84
960
162
158
117
216
10 425
2 185
121 381
9 470
3 631
20 491
18 880
1 811
447
16 570
20 593
2 426
7 646
13 627
13 047
1 909
8 178
12 545
10 019
1 694
16 918
10 630
9 171
1 084
1 468
1 842
2 842
(a)* 3 900
(a)* 400
...
65 900
40 800
22 700
76 400
64 600
9 322
1 410
1 702
1 633
0
£22 785 000
£7 722 000
12
£89 137 000
£8 219 000
40
£78 613 000
£11 659 000
111
£25 740 000
£13 014 000
260 515
£73 911 000
£54 486 000
411 332
1 057
846
1 072
1 093
1 005
930
1 425
1 362
1 430
1 160
16 400
16 900
31 300
5 100
2 700
57
308
146
796
100
348 975
35
1 573 351
58
1 533 869
1 191
1 625 761
2 702
2 662 700
4 400
* 4 500
4 111
* 3 900
8 947
* 3 000
29 448
* 3 500
29 183
* 3 000
17 845
£6 109 000
731 700
£8 722 000
13 800
£5 934 000
80 200
£7 551 000
1 500
£8 430 000
19 800
291
Platinum metals
kilograms
Imports continued
Country
Switzerland
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
Turkey
Platinum and platinum metals
United Kingdom
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Waste and scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
43 113
46 744
913
267 258
67 022
60 666
1 255
494 962
91 048
50 258
1 319
688 973
49 089
41 454
813
912 680
57 415
43 310
873
459 360
316
463
235
200
213
26 015
42 395
6 507
1 456 413
29 943
32 806
5 409
1 416 905
30 339
36 652
6 713
1 100 117
58 659
73 184
9 487
819 769
46 092
42 167
7 768
1 556 736
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'Platinum' and/or 'Platinum metals' includes unwrought, partly worked and alloys
(2) Kilograms have been used as the unit in this table except where the only obtainable figure is the value. In these cases the national
currency figure has been converted to £ sterling
(3) See explanatory notes at the front of this volume regarding currency conversions
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
292
Potash
Potash
Potash is the name for a range of potassium-bearing minerals and processed chemical products. Potassium is essential in fertilisers and is
widely used in the chemicals industry and in explosives.
Canada was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 31 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (19 per cent),
followed by Belarus (15 per cent), Germany (nine per cent) and China (seven per cent).
EU35 Production of potash 2011
Spain 10.6%
Rest of World 88.3%
EU35 11.7%
United Kingdom 11.2%
Germany 78.2%
Production of potash
tonnes (K2O content)
Country
Germany
Potassic salts
Spain
Chloride
United Kingdom
Chloride
EU35 Total
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 636 504
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
531 739
472 952
481 455
418 778
436 026
430 000
403 800
* 403 800
* 403 800
* 462 000
4 598 243
4 157 219
2 710 394
3 846 519
4 112 722
Thousand tonnes (K2O content)
EU35 Production of potash 2007 - 11
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
293
Potash
Exports of potash
Country
Austria
Potassic fertilisers
Belgium
Chloride
Czech Republic
Potassic fertilisers
Denmark
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Finland
Sulphate
Chloride
France
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Germany
Potassic fertilisers (a)(c)
Greece
Potassic fertilisers
Hungary
Potassic fertilisers
Italy
Potassic fertilisers
Latvia
Chloride
Lithuania
Potassic fertilisers
Luxembourg
Chloride
Netherlands
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Norway
Chloride
Poland
Potassic fertilisers
Portugal
Potassic fertilisers
Serbia
Potassic fertilisers
Slovakia
Potassic fertilisers
Spain
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Sweden
Sulphate
Turkey
Potassic fertilisers
United Kingdom
Sulphate
Chloride (b)
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13 595
14 613
13 843
20 259
19 304
58 108
10 631
58 784
64 018
100 097
3 096
3 322
6 843
4 235
4 780
127
136
45
374
59
504
69
683
2 123
8 898
49 485
50 342
17 181
50 822
45 818
26
53 850
178
* 61 000
195
33 446
8 166
278
34 777
11 416
327
18 248
9 858
414
17 085
36 215
1 788
25 238
15 947
2 772
3 636 504
3 280 467
1 825 139
3 023 941
3 214 696
1 217
1 648
1 369
1 294
431
3 474
7 891
9 916
5 697
5 805
5 572
6 345
12 725
13 629
8 702
250
970
0
39
28
5 752
2 846
18 714
6 517
4 256
231
778
98
330
190
7 918
170 921
1 162
1 424
147 436
1 341
4 431
133 012
2 680
7 854
174 453
15 619
45 711
22 746
45 766
1 285
—
—
...
...
2 202
9 222
13 279
10 687
10 078
80
240
402
612
895
856
245
163
690
3 672
1 407
434
74
51
580
1 795
163 891
998
1 251
360 538
1 895
2 540
319 549
1 352
6 474
609 607
2 365
3 713
688 599
2 385
84 414
53 883
59 252
93 796
84 381
488
3 544
6 438
6 533
6 504
163
* 220 600
399
93
* 244 300
562
443
* 205 600
228
71
* 339 000
420
108
* 429 000
5 283
Notes
(a) K2O content
(b) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
(c) Including sulphate, chloride and other potassic fertilisers
294
Potash
Imports of potash
Country
Austria
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Belgium
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Bulgaria
Potassic fertilisers
Croatia
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Czech Republic
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Denmark
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Estonia
Chloride
Finland
Chloride (a)
Other potassic fertilisers
France
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Germany
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Greece
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Hungary
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Ireland, Republic of
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Italy
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Latvia
Chloride
Lithuania
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Luxembourg
Potassic fertilisers
Netherlands
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Norway
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13 026
123 747
26 199
10 432
119 347
25 862
4 241
28 000
9 139
15 074
105 299
18 201
9 595
102 028
9 418
128 173
912 264
10 275
175 205
912 154
10 125
73 074
428 365
7 668
129 152
1 173 213
13 668
120 335
1 259 385
13 771
4 845
4 633
1 970
7 985
3 210
159 288
3 564
157 994
2 958
10 538
1 091
132 471
1 749
102 879
3 717
32 745
4 215
28 052
5 025
36 125
2 430
82 710
4 773
87 248
3 410
6 077
34 292
13 742
1 878
47 885
24 438
1 019
4 917
11 052
1 910
36 608
14 967
9 335
42 472
8 473
7 048
8 665
1
1 517
1 898
163 600
663
164 400
184
84 600
74
194 800
117
211 100
4 602
58 088
900 560
16 601
53 124
837 119
18 484
12 477
242 713
7 287
51 068
626 635
13 998
40 885
597 658
6 814
17 108
101 081
1 344
11 801
124 643
2 503
13 194
75 154
633
20 786
131 645
8 065
22 490
131 244
11 726
37 785
22 518
6 189
36 642
28 144
8 660
14 325
20 773
107
39 155
35 176
3 240
26 686
27 276
8 166
168 692
5 863
181 373
4 552
38 441
4 372
90 063
5 760
98 351
6 161
122 191
1 785
97 056
4 347
29 932
3 390
99 181
7 570
95 816
2 011
90 992
396 162
15 929
78 513
346 465
9 882
31 910
144 086
3 413
88 593
367 465
8 415
58 418
287 984
1 368
8 875
10 845
—
6 414
3 468
15 637
138 895
...
10 971
107 749
487
2 617
6 631
...
2 581
32 552
...
7 069
35 602
...
940
2 048
801
1 681
1 167
21 211
314 011
6 691
17 393
307 612
3 899
28 984
204 377
3 466
21 982
430 138
1 542
56 536
756 966
26 231
241 918
349 459
659
190 757
349 459
674
123 549
199 385
509
(b)* 99 000
(b)* 377 000
612
(b)* 65 000
(b)* 354 000
287
295
Potash
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Poland
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Portugal
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Romania
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Serbia
Sulphate
Chloride
Slovakia
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Spain
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Sweden
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Switzerland
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
Turkey
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
United Kingdom
Sulphate
Chloride
Other potassic fertilisers
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
20 242
992 979
4 659
19 161
815 282
7 143
10 919
194 900
3 470
19 155
757 987
4 442
23 281
769 256
10 317
4 223
51 600
1 629
1 869
38 200
1 708
1 574
25 525
5 389
3 840
50 687
1 899
4 405
65 352
2 596
4 086
50 558
1 058
5 133
68 877
338
19 592
5 119
374
13 726
56 922
425
6 936
46 842
683
1 021
102 223
317
109 734
77
10 710
122
71 906
248
53 113
29 828
2 601
29 496
2 366
4 597
689
22 561
2 913
24 631
2 260
5 547
199 403
25
40 911
194 656
3 548
21 022
71 444
3 721
40 507
211 595
1 607
39 133
257 920
1 283
1 004
27 470
4 886
2 872
15 689
4 735
965
4 769
4 211
1 789
55 671
5 858
2 551
79 863
9 276
5 259
19 279
2 504
4 685
15 158
2 861
3 967
7 595
1 676
4 914
16 865
2 049
5 899
14 730
1 159
57 661
96 038
47
33 427
82 412
398
11 576
50 634
303
34 986
82 923
1 075
28 989
93 471
109
16 166
202 623
10 813
15 157
165 331
11 919
15 766
80 842
10 422
15 766
270 096
10 565
13 232
153 141
2 373
Notes
(a) K2O content
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
296
Potash
Potash - EU35 trade in 2011
Belgium
Netherlands
Poland
France
Norway
Exports
Finland
Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
Germany
Turkey
Austria
Croatia
Hungary
Imports
Ireland, Republic of
Sweden
Czech Republic
Portugal
Greece
Denmark
Romania
Serbia
Lithuania
Slovakia
Switzerland
-6,000
-5,000
-4,000
-3,000
-2,000
-1,000
0
1,000
2,000
Thousand tonnes
297
Rare earths
Rare earth elements
Rare earth elements (REE), for which the most commercially important minerals are bastnaesite and monazite, are a group of 17 metallic
elements of which cerium, lanthanum and neodymium are used in the largest quantities. Rare earths are widely used in automotive
catalysts, as metallurgical additives and in glass and ceramics. An increasingly important use of REE, particularly neodymium, is in highstrength permanent magnets for computer hard disk drives, hybrid and electric vehicles, and wind turbines.
Production of rare earths is limited to only a few countries of which China is the largest producer (96 per cent of the total world output in
2011). The second and third largest producers are Russia and Australia (with two per cent each), but minor amounts are also produced in
Malaysia and Brazil.
Exports of rare earths
Country
Austria
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Belgium
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Czech Republic
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Estonia
Rare earth compounds
Finland
Metals
Rare earth compounds
France
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Germany
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ireland, Republic of
Rare earth compounds
Italy
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Lithuania
Cerium compounds
Netherlands
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Norway
Metals
Other rare earth compounds
Poland
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Spain
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Switzerland
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Turkey
Cerium compounds
298
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
359
2 596
9 039
373
2 702
8 508
244
2 035
8 437
258
1 936
8 658
452
1 167
4 902
253
802
299
408
273
335
476
332
110
265
6
6
3
5
3
0
3
3
2
...
3 183
2 916
2 679
1 686
1 124
104
1
...
103
—
0
—
44
...
67
11
2 545
133
11
1 854
—
3
1 244
0
8
3 411
...
11
2 789
—
8
217
3
188
19
652
25
601
29
660
8
9
7
1
1
177
38
112
153
78
167
101
236
145
322
4
3
8
12
10
64
77
4
202
131
19
* 135
* 150
44
86
177
49
70
327
18
0
1
1
21
105
21
—
30
19
23
15
33
8
22
4
—
7
4
86
66
...
63
2
50
8
17
—
13
5
97
51
34
51
62
32
2
3
1
1
1
26
2
1
9
1
...
27
8
5
10
Rare earths
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
United Kingdom
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
143
37
1 089
80
237
73
622
7
54
105
459
6
46
182
614
37
272
149
347
48
Notes
(1) Rare earths are here taken to include yttrium and scandium
Imports of rare earths
Country
Austria
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Belgium
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Cyprus
Cerium compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Czech Republic
Metals
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Denmark
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Estonia
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Finland
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
France
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Germany
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Greece
Metals
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Hungary
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Iceland
Metals
Ireland, Republic of
Rare earth compounds
Italy
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
512
3 431
3 762
561
3 487
3 589
269
1 985
2 471
550
1 766
3 375
325
1 310
1 646
297
489
353
2
259
258
142
3
323
419
292
62
411
323
172
2
205
289
58
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
24
18
0
...
3
228
4
0
155
5
0
124
5
13
131
6
35
117
2
1
30
11
10
734
36
15
19
16
6
0
4 725
0
4 469
0
4 125
24
2 105
501
3 616
92
5
101
7
57
9
72
8
52
14
417
8 831
1 232
2
447
9 116
768
3
402
6 112
874
26
372
5 687
1 408
83
506
1 867
1 359
388
410
901
9 748
7
430
673
10 192
6
106
448
7 755
2
459
1 006
9 999
6
263
844
6 904
14
1
22
20
0
68
0
...
65
...
62
136
106
55
62
36
26
38
31
33
23
—
85
87
350
77
23
21
67
8
85
149
694
452
2
144
710
431
2
87
414
258
5
124
597
303
10
108
616
307
3
299
Rare earths
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Lithuania
Rare earth compounds
Luxembourg
Rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Netherlands
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Norway
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Poland
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Portugal
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Romania
Rare earth compounds
Slovakia
Rare earth compounds
Slovenia
Metals
Spain
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Sweden
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Switzerland
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
Turkey
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
United Kingdom
Metals
Cerium compounds
Other rare earth compounds
Ferro-cerium and other pyrophoric alloys
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3
8
3
14
11
1
—
1
—
2
—
2
11
5
0
100
473
3 868
3
261
278
2 766
4
* 200
71
* 1 100
6
48
88
568
2
18
223
173
1
738
2
0
341
7
1
24
9
0
148
1
8
552
13
9
1
85
63
—
148
58
2
43
16
5
134
48
0
101
32
0
18
97
0
15
7
...
11
2
1
7
5
87
8
18
9
6
5
5
1
8
5
8
8
10
139
88
55
98
26
95
580
255
40
274
444
270
15
108
443
140
19
421
543
216
41
9
636
102
33
74
50
6
46
59
8
28
47
8
37
47
7
48
55
9
1
21
13
...
...
16
18
6
1
15
15
44
4
31
16
...
5
18
12
5
8
333
5
...
9
310
5
12
9
200
4
10
14
233
13
...
13
128
8
...
88
2 167
664
77
133
2 067
251
57
99
612
103
148
119
1 119
322
150
79
1 713
629
79
Notes
(1) Rare earths are here taken to include yttrium and scandium
300
Salt
Salt
Salt (sodium chloride) is a fundamental chemical of life. However, human consumption accounts for a small fraction of salt usage. Industrial
use is far higher, particularly in the chemical industry as a source of soda and chlorine. Salt is also used to ‘grit ’ roads to prevent the
formation of ice between 0°C and -6°C.
Most countries in the EU35 have some salt production from rock salt, brine or seawater. China was the world’s largest producer in 2011,
with 23 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (16 per cent), followed by India (eight per cent), Germany (six per
cent) and Canada (four per cent).
EU35 Production of salt 2011
Others 5.2%
Poland 7.2%
Romania 3.7%
Netherlands 11.2%
Rest of World 78.3%
Spain 7.3%
Italy 4.8%
Turkey 7.5%
EU35 21.7%
United Kingdom 11.0%
Germany 28.6%
Bulgaria 3.6%
France 9.8%
Production of salt
Country
Austria
Rock salt
Salt in brine
Bulgaria
Croatia
Denmark
France
Salt in brine (a)
Germany
Rock salt
Brine salt
Salt in brine
Greece
Italy
Rock salt and brine salt
Montenegro
Sea salt
Netherlands
Poland
Rock salt
Brine salt
Other salt
Portugal
Rock salt
Sea salt
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 172
735 724
2 000 000
32 536
557 917
503
866 674
2 100 000
54 937
496 593
50
1 035 044
1 300 000
57 186
511 063
95
1 071 842
1 900 000
66 835
601 046
169
1 150 474
2 200 000
53 963
* 600 000
6 139 840
* 6 000 000
6 100 000
* 6 100 000
* 6 000 000
4 826 000
1 010 000
7 558 000
212 000
5 545 438
989 208
7 306 745
* 220 000
7 709 844
1 862 630
* 7 300 000
* 189 000
9 992 156
2 118 484
* 4 500 000
* 190 000
8 765 168
2 217 205
* 6 458 628
* 190 000
4 383 560
5 412 449
3 678 234
4 006 882
2 912 128
20 000
6 177 000
25 200
6 200 000
17 000
5 967 000
11 200
5 982 000
10 000
6 866 000
591 240
2 930 726
785 694
618 111
2 783 198
706 618
988 545
2 533 413
763 385
1 221 700
2 646 000
763 515
1 233 800
2 633 000
547 700
590 588
64 048
2 475 349
30 023
117 000
3 029
606 545
69 249
2 526 774
30 115
109 510
535
594 578
72 325
2 072 744
28 782
41 000
2 924
618 961
44 574
2 388 357
30 816
—
59
631 295
48 048
2 248 940
23 334
—
4 291
301
Salt
tonnes
Production continued
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 709 545
1 332 360
102 524
353 000
2 909 907
1 290 672
102 149
368 000
2 763 081
1 338 789
99 853
554 000
3 115 940
1 242 718
92 644
643 000
* 3 200 000
1 171 435
91 735
478 324
* 500 000
2 366 000
5 600 000
* 500 000
2 472 000
5 565 000
* 500 000
3 765 564
6 166 000
* 500 000
* 4 100 000
6 666 000
* 500 000
* 4 100 000
* 6 700 000
54 204 875
55 876 130
58 012 034
60 614 824
61 035 637
Spain
Rock salt
Sea salt
Other salt
Switzerland
Turkey
Sea salt
Other salt
United Kingdom
EU35 Total
Notes
(1) This table does not include production of refined salt
(2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for which statistics are not available
(a) Salt; all forms
EU35 Production of salt 2007 - 11
70,000
Thousand tonnes
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of salt
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
302
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
235 775
55 134
13 943
3 986
769
18 760
261 895
429
424
363 438
2 787 088
37 232
1 459
5 934
3 867
212 223
14 282
6 761
74
388 681
61 012
8 239
4 530
956
14 116
265 036
121
336
231 953
2 782 861
48 908
1 388
3 718
8 783
322 221
13 741
6 063
219
491 981
125 255
2 689
9 995
2 910
31 068
333 383
277
336
277 617
2 744 985
47 406
3 434
2 115
735
558 441
15 919
5 437
220
500 126
288 679
1 078
20 721
7 929
51 289
319 317
2 055
11 380
297 909
3 097 654
59 655
1 356
1 093
10 183
919 673
23 172
19 031
1 072
392 506
354 644
6 074
24 561
6 260
41 658
296 459
3 685
1 370
190 124
2 735 634
65 014
39 405
1 402
1 540
1 017 938
35 545
13 514
589
Salt
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Macedonia
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
5 091
2 265
4 055 898
4 178
345 335
25 341
506 641
5 026
51 517
18 280
463 791
12 601
55 916
11 164
514 868
3 255
3 505
3 878 601
4 833
361 691
13 412
486 040
4 151
62 133
20 590
646 288
10 444
37 772
27 393
873 708
3 616
3 776
* 3 412 200
14 998
503 899
15 662
372 501
3 895
4 606
15 671
862 994
10 025
68 947
26 223
449 303
2 666
14 316
3 456 740
12 609
572 595
31 022
790 530
16 290
45 056
21 711
1 318 019
12 742
67 537
262 050
450 246
5 456
1 560
2 631 255
5 775
515 723
31 304
712 657
13 362
27 935
33 998
1 311 651
13 297
71 525
417 596
489 633
Imports of salt
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
143 538
1 209 879
71 848
104 066
12 208
567 960
230 787
72 445
409 761
592 976
2 476 738
177 719
514 119
100 169
89 236
611 435
123 316
171 915
21 104
35 657
3 590
13 670
193 457
988 001
313 297
169 480
111 681
208 766
182 234
148 352
33 691
744 328
8 913
35 382
237 772
105 335
1 174 539
103 007
176 408
13 445
610 149
213 931
72 149
397 033
578 882
2 319 273
134 557
510 287
113 142
105 636
572 965
144 424
166 505
45 882
37 575
3 794
4 814
167 508
1 075 905
356 929
94 501
92 815
152 207
189 268
190 017
97 348
875 294
8 988
257 146
237 288
230 979
1 319 896
102 272
197 644
16 822
711 374
421 109
73 931
417 495
918 448
1 867 023
149 094
535 928
98 207
114 659
902 241
151 529
159 534
51 132
39 232
1 364
10 402
* 253 000
959 630
483 243
108 161
82 569
144 711
168 211
239 191
81 729
910 606
70 386
99 400
410 434
293 799
1 751 650
215 355
287 609
23 836
958 474
762 420
73 254
384 089
1 653 101
2 654 736
144 367
704 143
65 342
172 053
1 119 583
163 486
209 506
77 304
42 011
1 682
6 470
1 404 032
1 042 489
886 294
172 107
81 441
204 395
266 329
317 999
85 807
905 190
37 731
154 536
1 288 253
291 187
2 001 517
214 732
190 963
20 998
858 980
907 135
85 105
452 873
1 622 835
3 477 233
173 050
800 950
94 177
308 884
1 045 659
198 975
246 724
91 033
39 986
1 366
9 600
2 397 781
1 106 066
1 052 650
144 688
114 500
274 636
244 787
235 663
111 597
933 936
58 307
254 045
1 814 865
303
Salt
Salt - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
United Kingdom
France
Norway
Poland
Italy
Sweden
Denmark
Czech Republic
Hungary
Finland
Ireland, Republic of
Austria
Serbia
Turkey
Lithuania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Latvia
Croatia
Greece
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Iceland
Luxembourg
Estonia
Switzerland
Macedonia
Cyprus
Montenegro
Malta
-3,000
Exports
Imports
-2,000
-1,000
0
1,000
Thousand tonnes
304
2,000
3,000
4,000
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals
Sillimanite minerals are a group of three anhydrous aluminium silicate minerals (andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite) that are chiefly used as
refractories. Bricks and mortar used to line furnaces and kilns usually contain a proportion of these minerals.
Despite being common minerals in high-grade metamorphic rocks, economic concentrations of these minerals are rare. South Africa was the
world’s largest producer in 2011 followed by USA, France and India. China is also believed to be a significant producer of sillimanite
minerals but accurate production data are not available.
Production of sillimanite minerals
Country
France
Andalusite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 65 000
Notes
(1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite minerals but details of output are not reported
(2) In addition to the countries listed above as producing sillimanite minerals, synthetic mullite is known to be produced in Denmark,
Hungary and the United Kingdom
Exports of sillimanite minerals
Country
Belgium
France
Hungary
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
47 141
66 776
(a) * 7 600
2 430
62 423
66 242
(a) * 7 200
2 076
39 809
38 494
(a) * 4 300
1 414
53 940
49 011
7 506
1 378
51 011
55 316
8 180
1 761
Notes
(1) In this table 'sillimanite minerals' is understood to include any or all of andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite and mullite
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Belgium
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Czech Republic
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Denmark
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
France
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Germany
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Greece
3 160
2 639
1 353
2 089
2 224
52 061
837 300
6 683
2 149
40 549
432
53 115
1 955
50 427
1 690
4 570
1 031
5 829
857
4 227
490
3 682
758
4 089
818
1 631
1 746
915
1 567
1 011
1 587
1 124
3 199
792
2 590
3 464
2 563
3 046
3 209
3 209
1 327
3 110
2 663
3 502
3 831
89 557
20 404
734
56 555
23 113
2 662
27 232
12 279
505
47 738
47 775
44
48 748
72 049
220
305
Sillimanite minerals
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Hungary
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Italy
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Netherlands
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Norway
Poland
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Slovakia
Spain
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
United Kingdom
Sillimanite minerals
Mullite
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 428
—
2 812
1 192
1 892
649
2 100
1 348
2 903
1 854
16 672
8 135
19 422
11 194
38 590
6 582
14 473
16 141
17 937
13 564
14 845
34 946
3 404
3 400
18 557
2 702
2 425
21 064
4 359
3 576
51 745
3 456
13 342
64 162
3 208
23 321
4 956
3 299
16 975
3 728
1 919
7 852
1 040
1 812
17 956
2 109
2 456
13 791
2 817
2 917
25 985
1 807
6 381
1 035
26 903
8 006
5 212
1 128
19 824
1 824
2 395
527
27 611
4 934
4 782
1 162
32 091
6 153
5 174
1 596
5 886
1 101
4 255
5 280
4 891
3 635
5 466
12 675
6 907
10 733
10 239
12 036
11 920
6 488
7 763
5 255
7 419
8 276
12 485
3 491
Notes
(1) In this table 'Sillimanite minerals' is understood to include any or all of andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite and mullite
306
Silver
Silver
Silver is a ductile and malleable metallic element that has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals. It is widely used in
electronics although the most important uses are in photography (silver nitrate) and making mirrors.
Silver is more common than the other precious metals, although still much rarer than base and ferrous metals. It is rarely mined in its own
right, and is chiefly produced as a by-product of lead, tin or copper mining. Mexico was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 21 per cent
of the total world output. The second largest was Peru (15 per cent), followed by China (14 per cent), Australia (seven per cent) and Chile
(six per cent).
EU35 Mine production of silver 2011
Spain 1.5%
Sweden 14.8%
Rest of World 91.3%
Turkey 14.4%
EU35 8.7%
Bulgaria 2.7%
Finland 3.6%
Macedonia 1.5%
Others 4.3%
Poland 57.3%
Mine production of silver
Country
kilograms (metal content)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria
Finland
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia (a)
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
* 55 000
44 895
38 300
9 650
* 30 000
1 199 500
26 514
* 18 000
2 300
50
—
323 171
* 315 000
212
* 55 000
69 906
33 500
7 172
* 40 000
1 161 000
26 273
* 18 000
2 300
198
—
293 068
* 294 000
398
* 55 000
70 062
27 500
5 267
* 35 000
1 206 000
20 483
* 18 000
4 424
201
2 200
288 590
351 600
514
* 55 000
64 596
29 000
3 818
* 32 000
1 183 000
20 561
* 18 000
4 384
320
20 800
302 145
348 000
506
* 55 000
73 081
* 29 000
6 109
* 30 000
1 167 000
25 545
* 18 000
7 380
330
29 900
301 959
292 400
531
EU35 Total
2 062 592
2 000 815
2 084 841
2 082 130
2 036 235
Note
(a) Smelter and/or refinery production
307
Silver
Tonnes (metal content)
EU35 Mine production of silver 2007 - 11
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of silver
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Denmark
Metal
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Metal
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Italy
Metal
Lithuania
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Norway
Metal
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Metal
308
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
115 100
95 000
98 600
100 300
136 000
47 600
31 000
33 100
41 900
6 200
69 900
12 300
21 800
2 149 800
197 000
...
49 468
...
36 516
...
58 565
...
37 300
8 900
35 200
102 968
117 325
77 000
74 600
399 700
43 775
18 782
37 200
30 300
53 800
9
13
955
200
4 600
700
3 400
38
3 400
—
1 680
—
1 162
46
1 336
26 500
208 832
51 100
215 148
1 597 157
169 806
—
258 205
4 053
511 716
2 884 200
3 012 400
2 169 994
3 397 674
3 368 313
8 300
7 400
79 400
19 700
13 900
527
139
1 300
3 300
29 200
2 560
—
—
...
—
547 042
519 148
383 782
715 501
995 384
61
600
200
1 100
1 600
200
100
—
—
600
...
144 024
18 000
208 300
...
196 180
1 458
216 182
6 944
624 589
45 461
59 381
58 979
57 617
62 849
1 148 300
1 121 900
1 265 200
1 281 800
1 328 900
4 000
218
13 500
7 876
11 500
580
12 300
3 400
16 300
10 600
Silver
kilograms
Exports continued
Country
Serbia
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Waste and scrap (a)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 315
6 937
3 670
4 355
4 222
35 036
6 061
2 700
39 100
15 100
5 200
8 800
1 600
3 100
3 600
1 608
13 637
—
379 675
30
233 084
377
417 381
9 847
383 412
59 400
364 500
...
521 200
—
476 300
...
412 900
...
428 500
1 201 402
1 444 198
916 560
1 456 475
1 779 063
10 700
20 897
170 009
144 942
202 886
1 627
2 317 951
5 050 634
192
6 071 009
5 447 491
1 338
943 522
8 412 093
2 035
2 579 909
5 160 290
206
3 937 294
11 649 846
Notes
(1) This table excludes silver coin but includes silver shipped for minting
(2) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked silver and alloys
(a) Including scrap of platinum group metals.
Imports of silver
Country
Austria
Metal
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Metal
Croatia
Metal
Cyprus
Metal
Czech Republic
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Denmark
Metal
Estonia
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Greece
Metal
Hungary
Metal
kilograms
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
151 600
441 900
431 500
481 800
804 000
195 900
418 100
253 700
351 300
1 567 600
225 700
6 000 300
86 500
7 619 600
71 100
10 521
2 189
871
2 408
4 300
3 684
3 293
2 353
3 212
3 868
3 746
2 863
1 993
1 200
2 200
...
647 818
...
1 557 076
5 700
163 316
990 200
136 000
—
1 635 700
62 049
51 992
1 873 817
612 600
172 900
3 100
5 800
2 900
3 200
5 000
55 400
44 800
(a)* 47 900
50 681
26 764
39 800
643 280
21 300
544 821
4 279
435 001
4 433 810
954 773
8 499
908 080
859 400
2 565 300
6 024 500
2 668 900
2 581 290
1 784 960
4 002 438
2 322 566
3 493 141
2 434 577
1 039 000
276 100
31 300
29 900
55 100
14 581
8 354
128 985
196 500
234 100
309
Silver
kilograms
Imports continued
Country
Iceland
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Latvia
Metal
Lithuania
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Macedonia
Metal
Malta
Metal
Netherlands
Metal
Norway
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Romania
Metal (a)
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Switzerland
Ores and concentrates (a)
Metal
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Waste and scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 388
858
1 096
909
700
1 045
29 530
5 316
3 999
17 103
1 002
1 445 303
—
1 167 457
15
881 205
70 440
1 120 080
31 391
729 807
1 450
1 174
556
791
2 300
5 200
6 900
5 800
6 300
7 800
26 083
7 061
3 738
24 304
11 000
3 612
3 807
2 229
3 294
3 779
783
5 455
1 090
128
100
229 637
265 925
218 279
304 219
338 239
* 59 000
62 077
* 200
67 398
* 5 700
47 040
* 1 100
57 422
* 700
49 727
77 000
95 200
122 900
106 700
78 600
30 616
22 678
18 602
66 900
38 700
* 7 700
* 9 400
* 8 800
* 27 500
* 8 100
12 200
8 200
9 000
55 300
* 47 000
27 800
45 000
17 800
24 100
29 700
58 344
126 668
75 633
1 547 747
66 088
754 262
11 317
1 513 257
17 131
828 017
21 000
162 900
(a)* 2 466 000
122 200
2 330 100
85 300
...
83 700
...
90 900
* 39 800
849 037
* 9 600
1 520 531
* 100 900
2 136 092
* 55 800
1 746 243
15 107 700
2 155 625
996 239
154 639
57 700
90 064
209 909
8 283
3 635 563
3 049 452
8 332
3 943 638
4 222 712
1 106
6 649 190
3 311 165
9 737
3 278 015
4 137 096
1 209
3 686 011
13 713 610
Notes
(1) This table excludes silver coin but includes silver shipped for minting
(2) In this table the term 'metal' includes both unwrought and partly worked silver and alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
310
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur and pyrites
Sulphur is one of the fundamental feedstocks to the chemical industry, usually as sulphuric acid. The chief sources of sulphur are petroleum
refining, natural gas, base metal sulphide processing and pyrites (iron sulphide).
Most industrialised countries in the world have some sulphur production. The largest producers of recovered sulphur in 2011 were the USA
(12 per cent of the total world output), followed by China (11 per cent) and Russia (ten per cent). The largest world producer of pyrites and
sulphur ore was China (with 93 per cent and 95 per cent respectively of the total world output).
EU35 Production of sulphur and pyrites 2011
Poland 13.1%
Rest of World 88.6%
Others 43.3%
Spain 6.8%
EU35 11.4%
Sweden 3.4%
Finland 9.1%
Norway 1.3%
Germany 23.1%
In this graph "Others" includes Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Turkey and
the United Kingdom in addition to those countries that produced less than one per cent of the EU35 total.
Production of sulphur and pyrites
Country
Austria
Recovered (b)
Denmark
Recovered (b)
Finland
Pyrites
Recovered (a)
Recovered (b)
Germany
Recovered (b)
Recovered (c)
Lithuania
Recovered (b)
Norway
Recovered (a)
Recovered (b)
Poland
Frasch
Recovered (a)
Recovered (b)
Spain
Recovered (a)
Recovered (b)
Sweden
Recovered (a)
Recovered (b)
tonnes (sulphur content)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
50 501
48 024
48 624
40 512
48 612
3 896
3 467
4 200
3 246
3 045
194 400
* 326 000
125 000
226 000
331 000
117 000
153 600
273 600
127 000
250 000
270 000
122 000
338 000
320 000
133 300
1 650 100
35 900
1 578 000
39 000
1 504 000
565 000
1 455 000
513 000
1 465 000
542 210
42 618
73 870
69 722
73 470
76 699
* 95 000
18 000
* 95 000
28 000
* 90 000
25 000
* 96 000
22 000
* 96 000
19 000
833 583
304 000
211 900
762 119
294 000
222 800
262 769
257 000
214 382
517 000
253 000
250 000
657 000
310 500
* 171 000
543 000
* 100 000
551 000
* 100 000
533 000
* 100 000
547 000
* 100 000
490 000
* 100 000
177 000
66 569
199 600
84 456
186 100
83 646
179 833
83 947
202 289
92 973
311
Sulphur and pyrites
tonnes (sulphur content)
Production continued
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Other EU35 countries (all forms)
3 575 000
3 494 000
3 496 000
3 482 000
3 568 000
EU35 Total
Pyrites
Frasch
Recovered
255 000
834 000
7 263 000
305 000
762 000
7 180 000
233 000
263 000
7 499 000
329 000
517 000
7 412 000
417 000
657 000
7 560 000
Notes
(1) Other EU35 countries includes: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal,
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey and United Kingdom
(a) From metal sulphide processing
(b) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
(c) Other
EU35 Production of sulphur and pyrites 2007 - 11
10,000
Thousand tonnes
(sulphur content)
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exports of sulphur and pyrites
Country
Austria
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Belgium
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Bulgaria
Sulphur
Croatia
Sulphur
Czech Republic
Sulphur
Finland
Pyrites (a)
Sulphur
France
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Germany
Pyrites
Sulphur
312
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 645
3 006
492
2 672
3 292
3 906
1 740
472
7 423
2 794
90
1 145
2 887
140
746
18 391
531
75 305
368
74 232
345
21 533
193
34 087
83
33 039
28 993
20 840
40 286
38 097
8 614
7 604
8 664
6 565
14 256
5 579
16 670
20 153
12 124
980
* 90 000
3 513
* 386 000
2 521
* 88 000
35 701
* 198 000
2 715
* 460 000
2 404
59 934
680
246 005
2 843
313 229
445
296 345
565
248 989
556
741
828 544
485
654 808
320
681 563
755
671 836
440
721 717
Sulphur and pyrites
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Greece
Pyrites
Sulphur
Hungary
Sulphur
Italy
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Lithuania
Sulphur
Netherlands
Pyrites
Sulphur
Norway
Sulphur
Poland
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Portugal
Sulphur
Romania
Pyrites
Sulphur
Serbia
Sulphur
Slovakia
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Spain
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Sweden
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Switzerland
Sulphur
Turkey
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
United Kingdom
Sulphur, crude
Sulphur, refined
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
73 606
52 668
63 893
16 345
24 429
4 044
28 680
4 594
42
35 279
43 178
43 649
39 638
44 098
48 616
8 024
263 362
39 061
10 071
219 095
4 693
6 005
256 614
21 430
13 698
286 954
22 485
16 032
285 891
55 740
7
1 517
14 038
1 227
403
102 300
460 352
132 802
850 183
10 039
36 898
56 610
480 968
101 114
469 819
3 325
—
—
1
—
555 603
26 376
446 202
27 041
152 484
29 540
402 102
34 752
394 861
26 542
15 410
7 539
5 737
6 164
9 737
0
45 579
994
59 030
6 315
49 052
8
55 961
5
58 437
4 017
4 424
1 451
2 335
3 571
75 817
71 373
72 613
72 910
82 785
77 220
244
116 213
338
198 585
523
138 168
612
361 188
289
5 168
10 959
5 525
13 128
3 018
12 242
2 768
11 564
3 980
10 344
0
335
4 837
5 310
4 864
7 091
15 376
21 289
17 259
6 495
14 769
279 822
21 068
56 143
7 949
8 207
15 268
624
13 182
27 872
1 144
2 545
38 723
1 902
41 491
1 198
1 349
101 964
3 686
2 151
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of sulphur and pyrites
Country
Austria
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Belgium
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Bulgaria
Sulphur
Croatia
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
3 809
84 659
5 556
3 754
89 038
17 842
1 614
68 881
14 961
3 154
75 065
15 331
3 321
70 892
22 109
503 523
311
611 170
1 852
460 990
750
592 348
621
562 688
473
1 039
487
162
161
291
...
71 965
2 425
32
98 785
4
...
10 349
51
...
2 877
105
...
2 752
156
313
Sulphur and pyrites
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Cyprus
Sulphur
Czech Republic
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Denmark
Sulphur
Finland
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
France
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Germany
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Greece
Pyrites
Sulphur
Hungary
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Ireland, Republic of
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Italy
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Latvia
Sulphur
Lithuania
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Luxembourg
Sulphur
Netherlands
Pyrites
Sulphur
Norway
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Poland
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Portugal
Sulphur
Romania
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Serbia
Sulphur
Slovakia
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Slovenia
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
314
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
995
895
1 011
951
625
281
55 196
57 410
1 576
43 473
65 242
299
20 986
71 033
250
14 762
82 355
247
14 945
93 289
204
2 082
4 447
7 051
6 123
415
6
9 073
450
1 673
6
21 676
3
38 923
4
160
56 072
797
173
50 092
5 861
159
55 212
403
183
78 366
410
206
92 106
441
92 569
51 785
2 007
109 955
53 602
2 964
52 641
38 246
2 856
76 101
44 103
1 649
82 530
51 714
4 363
94 621
35 625
40 754
42 733
3
26 673
1
42 673
0
80 976
(a)* 1 200
174
2 105
586
(a)* 1 200
186
3 189
119
1 100
223
887
305
74
17
0
14 879
16 271
414
20 984
48 618
2 711
228
13 305
3 617
13 538
19 263
758
29 746
30 290
732
8
9
12 488
24
21
317 678
0
293 365
404
319 353
18
326 485
1
298 977
0
3 139
5 771
2 981
2 166
1 789
80
38 189
145 627
55 173
2 119
11 430
48
49 399
1 593
229 496
5 224
10 790
4 690
12 932
3 102
12 127
2 897
11 515
3 051
11 627
1 582
74 805
10
5 768
104 300
105
813
35 350
978
1 866
44 939
164
1 255
53 828
387
3 233
2 852
3 366
4 861
3 981
3
1 959
2
1 072
2 390
180
1
1 884
1 254
1
2 561
2 062
51
2 965
2 074
627
338
621
674
721
4 339
753
4 553
1 518
2 462
1 046
3 855
864
3 173
1 510
612
53 434
1
683
56 381
...
353
53 615
...
645
57 411
...
836
56 490
...
Sulphur and pyrites
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Spain
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Sweden
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
Switzerland
Sulphur
Turkey
Pyrites
Sulphur
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
United Kingdom
Pyrites
Sulphur, crude
Sulphur, refined
Sulphur, sublimed and precipitated
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 585
152 566
265
1 903
153 575
372
958
24 015
187
1 160
68 214
229
476
44 724
176
750
94 449
4
691
78 784
112
544
21 772
143
874
56 961
200
825
65 296
145
20 982
17 425
12 086
17 414
13 072
252
168 952
194
224
128 685
321
67
164 034
1 315
480
141 478
592
323
161 866
292
105
5 101
8 577
1 073
704
64
9 574
1 186
104
74
6 211
473
2 581
274
10 201
767
1 734
590
10 391
691
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Sulphur and pyrites - EU35 trade in 2011
Belgium
Lithuania
Netherlands
Turkey
Czech Republic
Austria
France
Germany
Greece
Sweden
Slovenia
Poland
Spain
Italy
Finland
Norway
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Denmark
Romania
Slovakia
Portugal
Croatia
Luxembourg
Hungary
Serbia
Bulgaria
-750
Exports
Imports
-500
-250
0
Thousand tonnes
250
500
750
315
Talc
Talc
Talc is a soft hydrous magnesium silicate mineral. It is frequently coloured by the presence of iron-bearing minerals and trace elements but
usually turns white when finely ground. The familiar use of talc as a cosmetic powder is minor compared to industrial usage. Talc is chiefly
used as a filler in paint, plastics, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and rubber. It is also extensively used in ceramics manufacture and as a filler
and coater in the paper industry.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 28 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (12 per cent),
followed by Brazil and USA (eight per cent each) and South Korea (seven per cent).
EU35 Production of talc 2011
France 35.7%
Rest of World 85.6%
Italy 9.8%
EU35 14.4%
Others 4.5%
Finland 38.3%
Austria 11.8%
Production of talc
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Finland
France
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
153 409
535 882
* 420 000
200
117 643
1 775
* 34 000
12 367
1 513
—
78 042
7 000
2 850
154 577
527 686
* 420 000
* 200
* 110 000
977
* 30 000
11 657
1 843
—
59 299
4 000
2 410
111 388
375 302
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
682
23 350
11 567
570
—
47 218
4 000
2 861
138 367
419 345
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
1 292
6 392
11 981
296
7 000
51 897
4 000
2 633
132 018
429 494
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
547
8 191
15 462
131
7 000
11 957
3 000
3 709
EU35 Total
1 364 681
1 322 649
1 087 138
1 153 403
1 121 709
EU35 Production of talc 2007 - 11
1,600
Thousand tonnes
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2007
316
2008
2009
2010
2011
Talc
Exports of talc
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland (a)
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
153 457
165 105
340
273
* 284 000
276 014
5 394
5 016
131 071
1 124
199 896
33 032
750
4 243
1 494
39 689
9 415
1 742
2 389
135 390
139 619
386
165
* 320 000
269 771
6 382
3 926
114 017
509
186 688
27 371
829
3 841
1 994
51 180
9 227
1 636
3 129
106 423
112 983
182
269
* 174 000
224 419
3 662
3 898
124 212
528
147 544
23 461
793
2 699
45
29 580
8 032
1 712
2 402
106 271
128 526
169
409
* 222 000
270 494
4 773
2 809
143 236
636
173 042
728
869
4 316
47
11 206
9 014
2 865
3 074
115 967
125 040
298
235
* 259 000
269 518
6 243
4 086
135 418
648
147 492
2 204
744
2 526
38
28 980
8 308
2 711
3 171
Note
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of talc
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
58 500
202 584
688
1 985
343
12 993
10 830
418
663
77 772
347 230
8 550
9 224
375
140 461
396
511
225 720
13 374
23 122
36 089
2 006
1 606
1 344
5 301
96 298
48 746
10 360
18 549
54 812
68 797
194 823
1 048
1 709
521
11 007
12 055
331
503
76 147
338 606
12 372
8 875
473
147 549
417
388
207 922
8 020
28 186
26 774
1 971
1 733
2 448
12 860
85 942
45 801
8 756
17 706
53 864
37 648
149 757
747
1 721
290
9 312
8 035
332
525
72 274
293 417
7 862
7 566
1 722
78 506
314
225
94 407
6 517
18 325
18 537
1 105
1 236
1 030
13 756
81 043
28 459
7 987
14 893
39 520
74 554
183 625
512
1 813
307
9 570
7 013
373
1 202
59 722
324 703
8 869
6 786
1 140
100 934
295
270
178 312
8 356
23 331
24 143
2 099
1 616
719
10 793
82 425
25 998
8 490
20 026
50 309
93 985
175 662
985
1 578
267
12 686
6 276
451
1 929
48 155
330 321
8 663
6 226
1 320
115 046
145
190
199 302
8 364
26 212
22 388
2 248
1 270
380
4 489
88 655
22 202
7 666
26 952
53 339
317
Talc
Talc - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
Italy
Austria
Spain
United Kingdom
France
Turkey
Poland
Portugal
Sweden
Czech Republic
Greece
Norway
Switzerland
Denmark
Hungary
Slovenia
Romania
Finland
Croatia
Ireland, Republic of
Serbia
Bulgaria
Macedonia
-300
Exports
Imports
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
Thousand tonnes
318
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum and niobium
Tantalum and niobium are sometimes produced from the same ore mineral. Tantalum is also produced from tin refinery slags. Tantalum is a
heavy, very hard, ductile metallic element that has a very high melting point (2996°C) and is strongly resistant to chemical attack. It is used
chiefly in electronic applications, especially in miniature capacitors, such as those in mobile telephones. Niobium is a soft and ductile metallic
element that is used mainly in special steels and superalloys.
The largest producers of tantalum in 2011 were Rwanda (with 25 per cent of the total world output) and Brazil (with 19 per cent). Although
Australia’s mines reopened during the year it was only the third largest producer with 14 per cent of the total. The largest producer of
niobium was Brazil (> 95 per cent of the total world output), followed by Canada (with four per cent).
Exports of tantalum
Country
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany
Lithuania
Netherlands
Portugal
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13
3
66
43
21
199
48
2
63
77
20
26
97
67
18
299
31
2
48
55
35
2
62
47
37
8
11
4
49
72
27
4
95
34
20
18
9
22
98
191
29
2
110
76
25
38
18
42
81
97
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Imports of tantalum
Country
Austria
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
70
206
5
83
125
0
3
47
8
3
69
112
96
—
253
6
84
188
...
2
38
10
52
83
—
161
—
141
—
43
67
0
4
24
4
1
22
3
145
17
265
37
22
231
32
85
12
6
3
41
1
284
4
222
20
39
376
0
0
13
9
1
44
...
176
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
319
Tin
Tin
Tin is a malleable and ductile metal that is resistant to corrosion. The chief use of tin is to coat metals that are more susceptible to corrosion,
especially steel. It is also widely used as an alloying agent (i.e. with lead to make pewter) and its use in solders is rapidly growing as it
replaces lead. Tin chemicals are used as fungicides and other biocides.
China was the world’s largest producer of mined tin in 2011, with 42 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Indonesia
(26 per cent), followed by Peru (ten per cent), Bolivia (seven per cent) and Australia (five per cent).
China was also the world’s largest producer of refined tin in 2011, with 47 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was
Indonesia (13 per cent), followed by Malaysia (12 per cent), Peru (ten per cent) and Thailand (six per cent).
Mine production of tin
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Portugal
41
29
34
22
39
EU35 Mine production of tin 2007 - 11
Tonnes (metal content)
100
75
50
25
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Smelter production of tin
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Belgium
8 400
9 200
8 700
9 900
10 000
Exports of tin
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Belgium
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
320
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
167
103
177
141
71
53
60
49
98
56
68
2 734
7 072
147
161
7 274
2 448
233
42
4 753
5 000
127
127
5 114
6 236
207
95
4 261
6 427
1 195
253
958
86
85
76
118
276
44
18
167
Tin
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Estonia
Scrap
Finland
Scrap
France
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Hungary
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought
Italy
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Malta
Scrap
Netherlands
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Scrap
Poland
Unwrought (a)
Portugal
Unwrought
Scrap
Romania
Unwrought (a)
Slovakia
Unwrought
Spain
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Sweden
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Turkey
Unwrought (a)
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
71
88
124
120
56
201
193
124
142
139
4
552
884
590
16
441
236
654
44
402
140
282
341
423
143
342
89
413
178
532
—
1 246
1 371
1 222
—
1 612
1 530
1 649
163
1 000
1 088
1 129
32
1 253
956
1 440
...
1 348
1 459
1 175
51
141
140
246
82
222
44
196
43
222
(a) 1 094
(a) 34
(a) 23
(a) 689
—
567
204
392
249
411
154
367
289
383
243
...
3
...
175
8
340
250
*1
*3
4
8 061
293
545
2 566
948
157
1 536
558
547
4 043
856
544
3 619
357
465
189
119
12
39
30
1 520
355
279
408
536
173
25
—
147
250
9
—
43
31
82
63
51
66
68
128
20
107
(a) 9
(a) 8
11
98
460
433
447
427
2 038
513
376
449
4 543
201
161
213
96
122
63
163
27
52
71
112
123
114
76
87
136
60
118
16
131
179
118
37
79
56
373
4 085
696
27 329
254
1 264
532
19 110
61
928
537
22 597
163
1 856
389
13 115
58
1 797
545
4 414
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' tin corresponds to item 8001 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, pigs, unwrought bars,
sticks, etc
(a) Including alloys
321
Tin
Imports of tin
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Belgium
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Unwrought (a)
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Denmark
Unwrought (a)
Finland
Unwrought (a)
France
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought (a)
Hungary
Unwrought (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Unwrought (a)
Italy
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Netherlands
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Poland
Concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Romania
Unwrought (a)
Serbia
Unwrought
Slovakia
Unwrought (a)
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Spain
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Unwrought (a)
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Turkey
Unwrought (a)
322
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 486
2 679
1 915
2 923
3 403
17
1 639
2 719
3 907
318
1 100
2 235
2 422
16
1 350
2 638
2 327
200
1 131
3 289
3 560
488
847
2 785
3 551
51
69
22
47
359
616
802
937
449
651
19
30
13
110
136
166
184
94
188
136
7 689
409
432
6 506
554
588
5 869
207
259
5 787
389
100
5 252
283
61
23 917
409
1 689
22 160
179
2 243
14 193
175
674
18 684
316
714
21 396
112
1 578
323
265
80
160
211
328
320
208
231
156
249
389
100
157
117
4 113
504
115
4 124
777
79
2 652
360
49
3 828
1 074
60
4 936
533
220
7 858
1 972
607
11 003
2 540
503
7 071
504
380
13 967
665
606
11 303
505
524
77
1 838
1 931
...
1 857
1 038
220
1 102
1 664
98
1 317
1 605
...
1 579
2 790
577
419
487
130
308
103
317
100
560
19
137
127
114
85
125
129
83
49
60
72
2 260
2 276
2 059
2 087
2 120
101
87
69
118
70
7 093
167
185
7 313
261
376
5 457
243
441
6 410
172
2 410
5 967
428
5 386
720
555
364
435
189
1 241
1 093
800
863
737
2 788
2 603
1 630
2 558
2 707
Tin
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0
13 630
525
452
0
7 181
400
448
6
4 522
370
121
0
4 327
365
196
0
4 186
396
121
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' tin corresponds to item 8001 of the Harmonised System and comprises ingots, pigs, unwrought bars,
sticks, etc
(a) Including alloys
323
Titanium
Titanium minerals
The titanium minerals ilmenite and rutile are the main sources of titanium, a low density, strong and corrosion-resistant metal that is
important in the aerospace industry. However, the chief use (> 90 per cent) of titanium minerals is in the form of titanium dioxide, a white
pigment used in paint, plastics, rubber and paper.
Canada was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 21 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South Africa (11 per
cent), followed by Australia (also 11 per cent), China (eight per cent) and Norway (seven per cent).
EU35 Production of titanium minerals 2011
Rest of World 92.6%
Norway 7.4%
Production of titanium minerals
Country
Norway
Ilmenite
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
882 000
915 000
671 000
864 000
870 000
Note
(1) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of titanium concentrates
EU35 Production of titanium minerals 2007 - 11
500
Tonnes (TiO2 content)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2007
324
2008
2009
2010
2011
Titanium
Exports of titanium
Country
Austria
Metal
Oxides
Belgium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Bulgaria
Metal
Croatia
Oxides
Czech Republic
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Denmark
Metal
Oxides
Estonia
Metal
Oxides
Finland
Oxides (a)
France
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Germany
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Greece
Oxides
Hungary
Oxides
Italy
Metal
Oxides
Lithuania
Oxides
Netherlands
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Norway
Titanium minerals (a)
Metal
Oxides (a)
Poland
Metal
Oxides
Portugal
Oxides
Romania
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Slovenia
Metal
Oxides
Spain
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
576
4 885
717
6 444
203
5 344
129
5 956
224
4 794
129 501
2 070
422 885
3 209
100 134
1 157
401 906
5 085
58 654
1 087
369 495
...
106 478
895
435 415
...
116 859
1 405
390 405
...
28
835
2
—
849
489
417
331
117
172
745
126
43 166
641
84
42 860
452
339
46 753
2 378
358
45 842
504
264
45 437
162
1 121
152
460
102
442
196
820
125
5 792
11
1 491
13
579
30
158
26
49
33
164
* 103 000
* 106 000
* 86 000
* 88 000
* 80 000
2 242
5 112
171 337
93
5 391
148 573
150
4 523
113 798
283
4 907
129 197
73
5 333
140 278
776
8 713
409 495
3 322
8 278
367 545
6 864
5 367
351 872
22 384
9 351
391 981
18 932
13 954
345 661
2 233
598
462
773
731
991
1 402
1 120
1 942
1 484
4 884
26 242
5 478
25 982
3 607
23 508
3 248
27 450
4 789
26 181
341
1 230
502
1 167
965
449
2 182
64 544
1 341
1 551
15 544
13 664
895
36 179
101 840
4 117
31 385
69 170
9 548
11 305
* 435 000
117
* 199 000
* 435 000
339
* 217 000
* 350 000
227
* 207 000
* 465 000
231
* 35 000
* 441 000
343
* 35 000
52
21 776
117
21 509
105
20 937
76
20 996
90
23 401
1 064
1 189
1 166
1 091
3 422
650
2 469
541
960
550
5
76
3
49
24
37
55 867
40
55 110
23
57 866
171
61 637
346
53 015
232
1 431
91 583
155
947
58 342
25 892
1 018
33 721
2 405
1 928
35 233
650
1 698
48 870
325
Titanium
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Sweden
Metal
Oxides
Switzerland
Metal
Oxides
Turkey
Metal
Oxides
United Kingdom
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 667
17 047
1 002
19 992
717
15 921
925
20 567
1 086
18 331
868
1 133
987
1 276
734
1 203
805
1 466
868
1 666
—
2 489
49
2 607
47
2 237
85
2 650
95
3 170
26
12 934
212 068
21
11 155
222 503
41
9 555
203 873
20
12 060
208 518
32
11 926
223 190
Notes
(1) Significant quantities of titanium slag are traded, but it is not always possible to identify this material in national trade accounts
(2) So far as possible, the term 'oxides', as used in this table, includes oxides and oxide based pigments classified under Harmonised
System items 2823 and 3206.10
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of titanium
Country
Austria
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Belgium
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Bulgaria
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Croatia
Oxides
Cyprus
Oxides
Czech Republic
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Denmark
Metal
Oxides
Estonia
Metal
Oxides
Finland
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
France
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
326
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
451
3 851
26 856
520
2 455
30 861
362
1 346
28 258
477
1 381
28 288
580
2 590
32 258
221 156
3 800
144 760
204 688
3 739
132 327
110 028
2 132
108 582
181 688
1 743
* 314 200
213 276
1 582
114 760
712
78
5 398
42
203
5 955
105
65
5 329
506
19
5 675
486
46
6 454
3 244
2 989
2 697
3 000
2 911
1 243
1 603
1 189
1 299
1 141
179 323
1 086
10 529
193 858
1 122
8 765
140 394
918
7 248
155 485
779
8 857
146 778
1 333
9 372
623
19 514
774
17 055
670
17 511
674
20 427
1 723
23 296
393
2 548
97
2 106
50
1 349
82
1 409
5
1 724
20 578
88
15 838
26 200
97
14 256
8 794
87
12 524
...
60
15 571
...
66
15 533
60 739
71 292
10 521
126 786
104 682
58 423
12 531
10 036
128 226
100 782
17 766
11 964
7 282
136 389
92 290
...
(a) 50 893
7 766
148 994
15 218
...
(a) 67 259
10 026
138 687
246
Titanium
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Germany
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Greece
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Hungary
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Iceland
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Oxides
Italy
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Latvia
Oxides
Lithuania
Oxides
Luxembourg
Metal
Oxides
Macedonia
Oxides
Malta
Oxides
Netherlands
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Norway
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Poland
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Portugal
Titanium minerals
Oxides
Romania
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Serbia
Oxides
Slovakia
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Slovenia
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
425 175
200 512
19 385
299 599
112 474
446 154
279 407
19 449
281 009
76 107
304 471
212 735
11 649
240 120
42 042
...
(a) 838 768
12 919
309 500
164
...
(a) 794 043
20 233
329 073
2 499
826
30
27 284
399
14
23 260
351
11
19 289
504
74
19 003
396
74
19 447
(b)* 1 400
138
8 291
2 659
31
8 590
(b)* 1 200
216
6 853
2 677
84
8 927
2 410
134
8 885
—
34
99
100
59
362
4 822
1 154
3 961
507
4 308
414
4 922
202
4 312
136 274
8 609
166 223
102 909
7 155
141 959
74 338
3 352
139 071
98 978
4 497
160 361
111 842
9 420
164 708
781
3 112
562
739
693
1 328
980
1 259
1 947
2 081
339
1 169
165
1 051
66
1 114
456
1 481
1 842
1 534
383
426
427
504
502
531
463
470
463
445
103 580
4 295
41 221
87 769
1 073
37 101
* 100 000
1 224
40 914
238 199
5 330
43 542
196 960
6 094
52 165
17 600
637
12 121
73 307
937
12 241
29 809
389
8 209
45 018
412
10 115
25 003
723
10 376
100 002
2 122
45 984
91 208
451
41 019
84 396
264
42 031
105 384
616
46 110
99 055
2 020
54 770
412
19 545
263
18 800
358
18 456
714
20 486
807
19 813
2 093
612
11 132
2 171
453
9 127
1 513
707
7 151
2 095
771
8 733
5 393
541
10 571
4 504
4 548
3 892
3 888
4 498
17 242
250
2 193
...
329
2 389
0
130
2 949
0
956
2 109
1
2 271
2 409
14 903
348
3 500
53 245
34 930
257
3 296
65 180
32 789
233
2 889
66 818
25 081
400
2 917
...
54 387
964
2 884
39 644
327
Titanium
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Spain
Ilmenite
Other titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
Sweden
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Switzerland
Metal
Oxides
Turkey
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
United Kingdom
Titanium minerals
Metal
Oxides
Titanium slag
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
121 898
22 037
3 450
123 132
2 164
119 467
9 133
3 131
138 275
10 004
26 512
522
1 735
93 267
...
...
(a) 111 298
2 627
91 822
...
...
(a) 123 284
3 673
90 581
...
1 032
2 623
65 872
995
2 391
61 890
726
1 593
53 071
1 854
1 936
61 191
645
2 390
62 054
1 352
20 455
1 168
19 550
862
17 086
971
19 725
1 081
22 198
* 9 000
19
111 858
7 762
163
106 206
5 628
188
98 100
7 390
298
127 266
9 454
357
144 383
181 836
30 905
74 708
151 494
194 756
32 305
58 747
158 195
112 091
23 178
53 864
127 224
90 622
20 681
59 460
187 913
32 127
69 844
62 311
...
Notes
(1) Significant quantities of titanium slag are traded, but it is not always possible to identify this material in national trade accounts
(2) So far as possible, the term 'oxides', as used in this table, includes oxides and oxide based pigments classified under Harmonised
System items 2823 and 3206.10
(3) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) Includes Ilmenite
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Titanium - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Italy
Turkey
France
United Kingdom
Belgium
Spain
Sweden
Poland
Netherlands
Austria
Denmark
Switzerland
Portugal
Greece
Finland
Romania
Norway
Czech Republic
Hungary
Bulgaria
Serbia
Ireland, Republic of
Croatia
Slovenia
Slovakia
Lithuania
Estonia
Luxembourg
Cyprus
Latvia
-600
328
Exports
Imports
Oxides
Minerals, ilmenite and slag
-400
-200
0
200
Thousand tonnes
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Tungsten
Tungsten
Tungsten is a corrosion-resistant metallic element with an extremely high melting point. Its largest use is as cemented carbides in cutting
tools; it is also used as an alloying agent with steel to make high-speed tool steel, and in superalloys. Its most familiar use is in light bulb
filaments.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 82 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (six per cent),
followed by Canada (three per cent), Bolivia (two per cent) and Rwanda (one per cent).
EU35 Mine production of tungsten 2011
Portugal 38.9%
Spain 20.2%
Rest of World 97.2%
EU35 2.8%
Austria 40.9%
Mine production of tungsten
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Austria
Portugal (a)
Spain
1 117
846
—
1 122
981
194
887
823
284
975
799
303
861
818
425
EU35 Total
1 963
2 297
1 994
2 077
2 104
Note
(a) Wolframite and scheelite
EU35 Production of tungsten 2007 - 11
Tonnes (metal content)
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
329
Tungsten
Exports of tungsten
Country
Austria
Metal (a)
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Carbide
Denmark
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Metal
Carbide
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Italy
Metal
Luxembourg
Metal
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 1 600
* 1 600
* 4 300
* 3 000
* 2 400
...
381
54
62
405
36
120
422
32
27
723
92
406
368
92
33
20
2
80
11
102
605
86
592
30
307
211
803
611
903
112
121
91
113
118
113
360
291
450
588
1 148
431
676
354
398
261
473
288
589
272
—
3 020
206
4 687
196
2 655
164
3 119
976
3 064
180
10
—
59
42
455
973
670
925
1 091
5
0
2
203
47
181
391
29
582
25
133
104
406
0
255
76
143
136
154
179
1 466
16
1 705
17
1 407
20
1 289
6
1 324
131
0
177
286
223
457
156
400
315
981
880
3 192
234
446
75
328
436
96
431
253
—
289
401
21
218
186
392
400
239
476
398
33
99
213
139
237
36
2 444
303
21
1 625
51
3
1 541
80
29
1 650
41
35
2 135
597
Notes
(1) Significant amounts of tungsten are traded in the forms of ammonium paratungstate (APT) and carbide. Though statistics are included
where available, most countries do not separately distinguish these forms in their trade accounts
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of tungsten
Country
Austria
Metal
Carbide
330
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
548
...
435
...
369
568
632
1 268
1 471
1 241
Tungsten
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Belgium
Metal
Carbide
Bulgaria
Metal
Czech Republic
Metal
Carbide
Denmark
Metal
Finland
Metal
France
Metal
Carbide
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Hungary
Metal
Ireland, Republic of
Metal
Carbide
Italy
Metal
Carbide
Lithuania
Metal
Luxembourg
Carbide
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Poland
Metal
Portugal
Metal
Carbide
Romania
Metal
Slovakia
Metal
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
Sweden
Metal
Carbide
Switzerland
Metal
Turkey
Metal
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Metal
Carbide
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
510
72
401
45
326
35
402
31
321
20
50
9
26
86
16
837
...
206
...
4 184
...
677
150
367
219
113
110
105
51
41
130
296
205
403
567
823
866
898
859
547
311
867
359
1 027
583
604
4 791
2 678
967
5 184
2 526
821
3 313
1 333
1 029
7 168
2 544
843
8 094
3 105
41
54
31
54
67
277
184
215
158
68
108
91
68
76
186
280
361
255
350
147
103
496
279
552
440
38
1
—
1
156
1 110
983
465
7
2
875
284
36
457
329
94
(a)* 900
71
42
(a)* 1 200
206
18
(a)* 3 100
209
15
108
103
87
124
96
122
119
251
169
193
46
277
110
206
106
59
1 122
22
79
50
17
55
43
366
5 398
1
914
41
11
731
31
147
681
13
44
426
25
15
216
51
546
876
588
904
175
233
179
1 308
302
2 050
257
272
105
143
226
13
34
34
74
70
2
2 925
1 409
11
1 865
1 023
35
1 477
614
2
1 676
1 111
25
1 999
3 622
Notes
(1) Significant amounts of tungsten are traded in the forms of ammonium paratungstate (APT) and carbide. Though statistics are included
where available, most countries do not separately distinguish these forms in their trade accounts
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
331
Vanadium
Vanadium
Vanadium is a soft, ductile, metallic element that is very corrosion resistant. The chief use is as an additive in alloy steels where it imparts
strength and corrosion resistance. Other uses are in titanium alloys and as a catalyst.
Mine production was confined to four countries in 2011: China (35 per cent of the total world output), South Africa (32 per cent), Russia
(32 per cent) and Kazakhstan (two per cent). In the USA vanadium is a significant by-product from the refining of heavy crude oils.
Exports of vanadium
Country
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Germany
Pentoxide
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Lithuania
Ores and concentrates
Netherlands
Pentoxide
Spain
Pentoxide
Turkey
Pentoxide
United Kingdom
Pentoxide
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
346
10
327
8
131
47
...
80
...
...
1 250
1 173
...
...
...
527
217
385
...
...
346
358
...
...
...
157
45
102
122
186
5
4
26
22
774
24
200
119
—
24
697
2 182
589
2
487
18
694
23
6
...
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'pentoxide' also includes vanadium oxides and hydroxides, if any
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
Imports of vanadium
Country
Austria
Vanadiferous residues
Ores and concentrates
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Czech Republic
Pentoxide
France
Pentoxide
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
332
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
* 37 000
543
* 36 000
460
* 35 000
...
* 46 000
...
* 46 000
...
162
64
200
38
123
94
...
123
...
95
3 210
5 135
2 702
5 255
7 004
656
674
371
574
605
79
1 071
60
879
...
(a)* 400
...
(a)* 1 000
...
(a) 700
...
...
80
...
...
...
150
255
173
18
45
...
53
...
45
Vanadium
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Netherlands
Pentoxide
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Pentoxide
United Kingdom
Pentoxide
Metal
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
316
227
27
204
888
48
45
9
43
22
50
...
115
...
52
425
583
344
314
84
112
5
197
17
...
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'pentoxide' also includes vanadium oxides and hydroxides, if any
(2) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
333
Zinc
Zinc
Zinc is a metal that is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at temperatures above 100ºC. It is corrosion resistant and this property is
exploited in its chief use as a steel coating (galvanising). Its other main uses are as zinc die-castings and alloyed with copper to make brass,
which is widely used in the electrical, engineering and construction industries.
China was the world’s largest producer of mined zinc in 2011, with 34 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Australia
(12 per cent), followed by Peru (ten per cent), USA and India (six per cent each).
China was also the world’s largest producer of refined zinc in 2011, with 40 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South
Korea (six per cent), followed by India (also six per cent), Canada (five per cent) and Japan (four per cent).
EU35 Mine production of zinc 2011
Spain 3.5%
Sweden 20.3%
Turkey 16.6%
Poland 9.2%
Rest of World 92.5%
EU35 7.5%
Others 4.7%
Macedonia 2.9%
Finland 6.7%
Ireland 36.1%
Mine production of zinc
tonnes (metal content)
Country
Bulgaria (a)
Finland
Greece
Ireland, Republic of
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
EU35 Total
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
14 453
38 900
20 700
400 900
30 957
129 600
24 380
849
1 200
—
214 576
140 500
12 819
27 800
24 200
398 200
38 737
132 400
37 900
14
2 400
—
187 987
126 800
9 339
30 233
17 800
385 700
38 648
115 500
501
* 3 000
2 700
5 900
192 502
136 300
9 904
55 562
18 400
342 500
32 900
92 800
6 422
* 5 000
2 600
17 323
198 687
196 400
10 977
64 115
21 200
344 000
28 100
87 800
4 227
* 5 000
3 100
33 197
194 021
158 300
1 017 015
989 257
938 123
978 498
954 037
Note
(a) Metal content of ore
Thousand tonnes (metal
content)
EU35 Mine production of zinc 2007 - 11
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2007
334
2008
2009
2010
2011
Zinc
EU35 Production of slab zinc 2011
Netherlands 12.1%
Norway 7.1%
Poland 4.4%
Italy 5.1%
Rest of World 83.4%
EU35 16.6%
Spain 24.5%
Germany 7.9%
France 7.6%
Belgium 13.1%
Finland 14.3%
Bulgaria 3.9%
Production of slab zinc
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
254 000
98 100
305 543
129 000
294 735
102 100
234 000
157 027
141 900
58 342
2 000
509 000
251 000
101 700
297 722
118 000
292 284
107 100
250 000
145 469
142 500
61 978
—
466 000
137 000
92 700
295 049
161 000
* 153 000
103 400
224 000
138 973
139 100
1 000
—
515 000
281 000
92 300
307 144
162 000
165 000
104 700
264 000
148 862
135 000
—
—
517 100
282 000
83 300
307 352
164 000
170 000
110 200
261 000
153 200
94 100
—
—
527 100
2 285 747
2 233 753
1 960 222
2 177 106
2 152 252
Belgium
Bulgaria
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Spain
EU35 Total
EU35 Production of slab zinc 2007 - 11
Thousand tonnes
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
335
Zinc
Exports of zinc
Country
Austria
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Croatia
Scrap
Cyprus
Scrap
Czech Republic
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Denmark
Scrap
Estonia
Scrap
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
France
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Hungary
Scrap
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Scrap
Luxembourg
Scrap
Macedonia
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
336
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
14 682
2 132
13 794
8 176
5 703
6 052
8 532
5 757
9 776
8 583
479 796
22 015
...
40 866
733 794
8 359
...
15 585
785 125
13 590
...
16 644
749 582
155 654
...
14 540
725 335
296 197
154 258
11 652
4 384
90 573
1 511
7 982
96 678
1 293
2 076
87 008
2 226
22
81 332
1 949
1 607
71 894
2 021
683
700
708
518
676
1 746
...
118
90
46
18 786
2 981
17 258
2 705
19 982
2 716
5 148
4 798
5 147
4 189
2 388
2 028
2 622
2 563
2 468
725
2 860
1 065
509
637
...
260 434
1 274
1 238
257 411
964
1 426
268 893
1 012
22 479
266 738
1 369
50 656
265 686
1 215
51 781
29 305
7 238
56 200
78 398
31 601
5 073
43 770
39 350
64 773
9 362
45 986
49 652
79 727
1 851
51 755
54 609
105 934
2 549
42 736
612
77 443
30 439
59 297
1 835
70 724
28 835
51 801
888
63 165
24 163
68 648
1 674
52 483
31 857
74 208
73 980
55 518
31 170
75 168
14 890
29 861
43 003
448
21 311
665
14 660
264
36 016
123
3 716
1 902
2 978
2 821
2 314
412 703
3 044
404 303
649
594 268
312
588 143
299
660 259
300
105 437
21 048
6 689
13 574
99 121
7 967
2 857
8 603
48 051
5 258
3 491
12 334
98 211
11 071
6 377
16 427
71 471
16 570
9 385
13 006
757
443
975
587
459
1 807
315
423
1 134
739
58 973
874
...
576
69 509
479
60 369
739
51 545
313
13 939
243 354
31 276
67 010
0
244 789
23 932
19 815
425
133 994
22 041
* 11 900
12 182
166 281
42 182
32 543
132 344
122 532
52 382
25 629
130 570
13 899
130 397
9 227
128 416
6 107
122 649
19 889
119 770
29 094
Zinc
tonnes
Exports continued
Country
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Portugal
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Serbia
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Slovakia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Slovenia
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Ores and concentrates
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Turkey
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Scrap
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
61 595
73 096
1 829
422
58 035
83 571
3 606
430
45 877
84 833
4 699
1 617
4 213
96 142
6 280
902
...
105 552
6 939
960
40 950
242
3 345
75 414
1 307
2 910
371
849
1 646
7 438
151
940
2 201
734
755
4 043
48 339
1 348
503
59 395
442
24 528
8 004
1 615
15 375
657
711
17 592
776
597
12 245
272
21 140
63
10 699
330
14 921
120
23 247
67
16 356
7 147
14 600
10 412
12 871
11 365
7 903
13 075
2 836
7 001
1 557
873
1 937
975
1 469
517
2 725
933
918
832
98 359
220 002
66 155
5 295
121 688
191 897
92 781
6 210
40 118
216 633
62 544
26 675
82 009
318 527
91 054
37 362
122 429
351 354
35 318
15 625
405 682
2 777
389 473
2 898
395 616
1 840
362 085
2 900
374 501
3 257
679
2 408
1 078
2 445
524
2 574
415
2 582
258
2 846
123 956
155
281
253 573
(a) 498
468
272 559
(a) 451
1 929
392 725
(a) 666
1 536
316 714
(a) 1 704
2 997
82
5 932
33 799
7 543
246
3 883
28 408
5 699
11 418
3 600
13 578
6 030
8 405
3 580
14 561
14 903
9 714
2 724
12 737
12 545
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' zinc corresponds to item 7901 of the Harmonised System and comprises blocks, pigs, slabs etc
(a) Including alloys
Imports of zinc
Country
Austria
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Belgium
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Bulgaria
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
65 391
33 939
61 877
33 911
37 864
27 886
37 560
34 411
47 394
38 759
1 100 875
208 819
12 115
59 769
(b)* 805 000
205 745
8 075
40 657
(b)* 444 500
237 741
13 299
61 433
1 129 207
189 980
10 613
68 233
1 182 797
280 492
11 844
66 665
208 313
3 330
146 655
5 095
147 579
2 480
167 107
1 761
166 553
2 765
337
Zinc
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Croatia
Unwrought (a)
Czech Republic
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Denmark
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Estonia
Unwrought (a)
Finland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
France
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Germany
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Greece
Unwrought (a)
Hungary
Unwrought (a)
Ireland, Republic of
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Scrap
Italy
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Latvia
Unwrought (a)
Lithuania
Unwrought (a)
Luxembourg
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Macedonia
Unwrought (a)
Netherlands
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Norway
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Poland
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Portugal
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Romania
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought (a)
Serbia
Unwrought
338
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
4 674
4 656
3 149
3 029
2 886
35 666
11 992
4 008
36 733
11 344
2 792
24 660
7 155
2 434
15 121
11 653
900
17 137
10 590
909
9 931
1 345
12 591
910
6 063
771
4 427
1 310
6 023
763
4 362
7 676
1 595
5 978
8 887
555 569
4 513
582 049
4 242
532 036
3 705
559 918
4 374
547 265
1 471
259 750
166 110
44 124
7 247
238 502
164 172
45 480
3 694
241 976
128 674
27 000
4 604
222 580
131 993
34 205
3 003
234 060
151 988
34 022
3 853
357 692
316 603
87 785
19 586
383 789
305 075
89 738
17 395
271 554
285 965
36 350
16 782
285 331
380 807
57 563
23 694
344 106
398 086
69 972
25 853
58 708
28 996
25 422
22 534
11 358
16 843
17 011
9 862
11 767
12 818
16
7 687
1
76 922
5 185
1 268
15
2 210
—
8
2 104
—
8
2 358
—
195 798
314 714
51 514
21 599
161 838
179 691
81 350
15 369
155 028
118 424
22 194
15 315
184 192
245 254
34 595
27 740
153 982
244 557
39 554
36 491
664
1 256
830
383
249
627
563
190
460
1 049
9 841
1 360
5 831
537
6 049
237
9 232
475
6 819
533
6 721
4 954
4 147
5 213
4 920
359 520
182 072
38 602
13 633
430 617
155 003
24 062
6 270
320 568
104 253
15 791
8 274
391 050
254 953
19 827
12 653
355 644
227 277
13 356
9 283
284 791
2 167
243 213
3 286
209 649
1 612
228 828
1 376
250 537
1 013
127 720
31 838
13 660
4 445
150 283
26 811
11 906
6 378
130 258
18 498
8 922
3 907
115 561
53 983
7 610
7 188
97 225
49 569
10 045
10 421
16 367
5 054
19 551
4 617
12 830
4 018
15 757
4 522
13 299
3 967
173 536
13 135
161 527
7 394
12
10 523
3
16 664
—
17 006
5 966
8 209
4 178
4 846
5 275
Zinc
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Slovakia
Unwrought (a)
Slovenia
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Spain
Ores and concentrates
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Sweden
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
Switzerland
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Turkey
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
United Kingdom
Ores and concentrates (c)
Unwrought
Unwrought alloys
Scrap
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
44 959
41 003
28 863
37 266
34 536
16 696
11 711
14 881
8 938
16 766
6 180
15 314
5 850
14 495
7 374
1 257 304
21 634
17 411
6 601
1 114 634
26 779
15 000
7 396
909 078
16 091
9 230
3 127
1 003 388
7 583
15 627
10 935
977 695
16 841
11 050
23 205
21 570
22 600
1 697
29 211
12 059
1 696
29 750
2 691
1 208
37 524
5 905
226
30 598
6 282
336
14 473
2 700
13 715
2 471
9 431
1 549
15 521
2 276
12 747
2 158
136 916
3 775
1 913
147 215
4 091
1 381
137 765
1 714
181
182 598
2 876
161
201 409
6 504
44
164
122 458
13 201
30
257
119 911
8 524
103
119
84 594
1 869
344
574
97 066
2 973
447
426
85 516
9 306
339
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'unwrought' zinc corresponds to item 7901 of the Harmonised System and comprises blocks, pigs, slabs etc
(a) Including alloys
(b) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
(c) Zinc and mixed zinc-lead concentrates
Zinc ore - EU35 trade in 2011
Belgium
Spain
Finland
Netherlands
Germany
Norway
France
Bulgaria
Italy
Poland
United Kingdom
Ireland, Republic of
Portugal
Romania
Serbia
Greece
Sweden
Turkey
Macedonia
-800
Exports
Imports
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Thousand tonnes
339
Zinc
Zinc - EU35 trade in 2011
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Netherlands
Turkey
France
United Kingdom
Austria
Poland
Sweden
Slovakia
Spain
Czech Republic
Slovenia
Portugal
Romania
Switzerland
Hungary
Greece
Estonia
Luxembourg
Denmark
Serbia
Macedonia
Croatia
Bulgaria
Ireland, Republic of
Finland
Norway
-500
Exports
Imports
Metal
Scrap
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
Thousand tonnes
340
200
300
400
500
Zirconium
Zirconium minerals
The mineral zircon (zirconium silicate) is the principal zirconium commodity. Due to its very high melting temperature and chemical stability,
it is used as a refractory in furnace and ladle linings, foundry sands and ceramic manufacture. Zirconium metal manufacture is a very small
part of total output.
Zircon is recovered from heavy mineral sands, typically as a co-product with titanium minerals. Australia was the world’s largest producer in
2011, with 47 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was South Africa (24 per cent), followed by Indonesia (eight per cent),
USA (seven per cent) and Mozambique (three per cent).
Exports of zirconium
Country
Belgium
Concentrates
Metal
France
Concentrates
Germany
Concentrates (a)
Metal
Italy
Concentrates
Metal
Netherlands
Concentrates
Metal
Slovenia
Concentrates
Spain
Concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Metal
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Metal
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
23 645
250
16 056
157
28 907
125
17 417
187
12 021
272
1 832
1 440
1 243
2 044
4 973
* 16 900
514
* 12 000
625
* 7 300
386
* 10 800
384
* 10 800
792
25 596
630
41 296
233
33 219
274
41 784
136
44 252
34
14 539
43
8 223
19
4 639
0
11 091
26
13 351
61
509
202
22
25
—
11 803
200
14 151
525
13 581
746
28 166
51
29 952
3
83
144
118
90
137
1 096
54
716
61
742
19
1 405
90
1 661
102
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Imports of zirconium
Country
Austria
Concentrates
Belgium
Concentrates
Metal
Bulgaria
Concentrates
Czech Republic
Concentrates
Metal
France
Concentrates
Metal
Germany
Concentrates (a)
Metal
Greece
Concentrates
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 054
2 163
1 298
1 680
1 994
17 593
469
17 337
433
28 897
213
17 469
370
12 317
480
1 357
1 081
573
781
609
1 482
78
751
101
268
45
303
37
955
34
47 719
570
55 030
456
25 087
553
25 310
326
35 922
687
* 32 737
880
* 27 047
791
* 24 985
664
* 26 967
798
* 29 153
676
547
429
122
93
61
341
Zirconium
tonnes
Imports continued
Country
Hungary
Concentrates
Ireland, Republic of
Concentrates
Italy
Concentrates
Metal
Netherlands
Concentrates
Metal
Poland
Concentrates
Portugal
Concentrates
Romania
Metal
Slovenia
Concentrates
Spain
Concentrates
Metal
Sweden
Concentrates
Metal
Turkey
Concentrates
United Kingdom
Concentrates
Metal
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2 427
2 439
1 265
2 455
1 765
425
3 976
1 323
16 162
886
114 838
315
129 999
130
53 845
226
98 214
144
81 360
184
20 462
199
24 694
240
11 027
* 70
23 981
188
43 560
297
542
833
340
648
488
7 205
8 162
5 620
5 475
4 048
16
136
301
35
41
550
548
227
330
273
138 442
65
152 604
136
95 103
83
149 442
132
143 493
97
825
219
832
185
248
218
419
220
368
120
980
4 844
2 918
4 823
4 770
11 007
446
13 092
521
6 386
203
8 450
411
14 709
616
Notes
(1) Metal traded in ferro-alloy form is included under iron, steel and ferro-alloys
(a) BGS estimates, based on known exports from certain countries
Zirconium concentrates - EU35 trade in 2011
Spain
Italy
Netherlands
France
Germany
United Kingdom
Belgium
Turkey
Exports
Portugal
Austria
Hungary
Imports
Czech Republic
Ireland, Republic of
Bulgaria
Poland
Sweden
Slovenia
-60
342
-40
-20
0
20
Thousand tonnes
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Other mineral commodities
Borates
Borates is a general term for a range of boron-containing minerals of which borax (tincal), ulexite, colemanite and datolite are the most
commercially significant. These minerals are processed via boron trioxide to boric acid. The chief use of borate minerals is in glass
manufacture (in particular fibreglass) and ceramics.
Economic concentrations of borates form in unusual geological environments and so production is restricted to a few countries. Of these,
Turkey was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 41 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was USA (23 per cent),
followed by Argentina (11 per cent), Chile (nine per cent) and Russia (seven per cent).
Production of borates
tonnes
Country
Turkey
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
1 997 163
2 139 224
1 687 102
1 910 000
2 273 122
Nepheline syenite
Nepheline syenite is an igneous rock composed chiefly of feldspar and nepheline (one of a family of minerals called feldspathoids). The chief
uses are similar to those for feldspar, i.e. in the manufacture of glass, in ceramics and as a filler.
Economic concentrations form in rare geological environments and only four countries produce nepheline syenite. Russia was the largest
known producer in 2011, followed by Canada and Norway. Iran is also believed to produce nepheline syenite but accurate figures of the
quantity are difficult to obtain.
Production of nepheline syenite
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Norway
312 000
346 000
270 000
327 000
330 000
Perlite
Perlite is a silicate mineral that results from the alteration of natural glass with the chemical composition of granite. Upon heating the mineral
swells and dewaters — resulting in a sudden increase in volume accompanied by a decrease in density. It has remarkable thermal insulation
properties, porosity, chemical stability, low flammability, high heat resistance and high sound absorption. It is chiefly used in building
materials.
Greece was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 21 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was China (20 per cent),
followed by Iran (16 per cent), Turkey and USA (12 per cent each).
Production of perlite
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Bulgaria
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Slovakia
Turkey
13 900
1 100 000
67 542
* 60 000
20 000
478 579
7 400
1 000 000
132 000
* 60 000
25 000
551 266
14 800
862 935
82 058
* 60 000
25 000
522 832
—
760 000
70 990
* 60 000
23 000
737 077
—
720 000
70 108
* 60 000
23 000
429 776
343
Other mineral commodities
Selenium
Selenium is a light, weakly toxic, metalloid. Selenium has a wide range of uses; the largest is in glass-making where it acts as a
decolouriser, and it is also used in ceramics, pigments, electronics, animal feed supplement and in base-metal alloys. Its former major use in
photocopiers has declined as it has been replaced by other materials.
Selenium is most commonly produced as a by-product of copper refining. Japan was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 31 per cent
of the total world output. The second largest was Russia (13 per cent), followed by Germany (12 per cent), Belgium (ten per cent) and
Kazakhstan (six per cent).
Production of selenium metal
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Belgium
Finland
Germany
Poland
Sweden
* 200
52
* 250
85
126
* 200
65
* 250
82
139
* 200
59
* 230
80
129
* 200
73
* 250
79
72
* 200
86
* 250
85
* 70
Strontium
Strontium is a soft metallic element. The most common strontium mineral is celestite (strontium sulphate). This is frequently converted into
strontium carbonate before marketing. The dominant use of strontium is (in oxide form) in the faceplate glass of cathode ray tubes where it
blocks X-ray emissions. Strontium compounds are also used in pigments, pyrotechnics and fluorescent tubes. Strontium metal has only very
minor uses.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 81 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Spain (11 per cent),
followed by Mexico (five per cent), Iran (two per cent) and Argentina (one per cent).
Production of strontium minerals
Country
Spain
Turkey
tonnes
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
142 512
* 4 200
138 590
* 1 600
57 466
—
83 035
—
97 102
—
Note
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany and Poland are believed to produce strontium minerals
Uranium
Uranium is a dense metallic element. It is chiefly used as the fuel source for nuclear power stations. Uranium ore is milled and processed
into ‘yellowcake’ (a uranium oxide), which is the chief form in international trade. Yellowcake is converted to uranium hexafluoride, which is
then enriched to enable it to be used as a fuel.
Kazakhstan was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 36 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was Canada (16 per
cent), followed by Australia (11 per cent), Niger (eight per cent) and Namibia (six per cent).
Mine production of uranium
Country
Czech Republic
Germany
Romania
tonnes (metal content)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
322
41
* 77
290
—
* 77
286
—
* 75
259
*8
* 77
252
51
* 77
Note
(1) Excluding uranium production from decommissioning operations in France, Germany and Spain
344
Other mineral commodities
Wollastonite
Wollastonite (calcium metasilicate) is a commercially important mineral because of its bladed (acicular) crystals. It is used as filler in plastics,
ceramics, paint and friction products and as an asbestos substitute.
China was the world’s largest producer in 2011, with 49 per cent of the total world output. The second largest was India (29 per cent),
followed by USA (11 per cent), Mexico (eight per cent) and Finland (two per cent).
Production of wollastonite
tonnes
Country
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Finland
Spain
16 364
10 918
15 600
10 100
9 200
7 000
12 100
6 000
11 500
7 417
Note
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Turkey is believed to produce wollastonite
345
Price £30