Using the Harvard Referencing Style
The Harvard Referencing Style is actually something of a misnomer, as there is neither an official
institutional connection to Harvard University nor a formal definition of the style. Harvard Style is simply
another name for an author/date citation system, the custom of using author and date in parentheses,
e.g. (Clark, 2013) to refer readers to the full bibliographic citations in appended bibliographies. Some
Harvard faculty were among the first users in the late 19th century and the name stuck.
This short guide follows the 2013 Harvard Referencing Style Guide from the University of Roehampton,
London, accessible online under
http://core.roehampton.ac.uk/repository/search/dbm.pl?guid=40f44d90-c33f-4706-b453018627dec8d7 (accessed: 7/28/14).
I.
Using and quoting sources
Academic Integrity: Avoid plagiarism
Plagiarism (Plagiarius (latin): ‘kidnapper’) means presenting other people's work and words as your own
work. Plagiarism in scientific works is first of all an ethical offense, but also a legal one against the
copyright.
Plagiarism includes different forms as
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using phrases or expressions by an author without acknowledgement
copying from Web sites, books, magazines, movies, photos, diagrams, and music
buying, borrowing or stealing the whole work of someone else (also called cheating)
using or developing ideas from another person's work
failing to use quotation marks, to paraphrase and reference properly.
Plagiarism can happen intentionally or unintentionally, but not knowing is usually not accepted as
excuse. In any case you have to face severe sanctions as job dismissal and loss of academic status.
Excerpt from SIU’s anti-plagiarism policy:
“Honesty and integrity are essential to Schiller International University’s academic standard to educate
ethical, global citizens. A violation of the academic honesty policy undermines the fundamental values
inherent in SIU’s mission. (…)
Students who breach the policy will be subject to penalties: First offense: you will receive a zero for the
assignment with NO opportunity for making it up. The Program Director and the Campus Registrar will
be notified that you have cheated in the course. Second offense will result in receiving an “F” for the
course.”
To avoid plagiarism you have to
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Acknowledge the source of any idea that is not your own as an in-text citation in the body of
your assignment or as footnote. Sources must be given regardless you quote directly or
paraphrase someone else’s work.
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List the full reference in a bibliography at the end of your paper.
Quoting
Quoting means using the exact words of another work. Quotations should be enclosed with double
quotation marks (“We don’t need no education”). Long quotations should be indented; in this case
quotation marks are not necessary.
According to Harvard style citations are included as in-text citations in the body of your text. Other
formats use footnotes as medium for citations. To set footnotes, use the tab ‘references’ in your WordDocument and click on ‘Insert Footnote’. For in-text citations there is a button ‘Insert citations’, which is
connected to the integrated source manager. If you use this reference tool, Word automatically creates
your citations and bibliography in the style you choose.
In-text citations are set in parentheses behind the quotation or paraphrase. These in-text citations
usually take the form of the author’s surname, followed by a comma and then the year the work you are
referring to was published, then a colon and a page number.
(Clark, 2013: 25)
If you are citing more than one work by the same author published in the same year, add the letter
‘a’, ‘b’, etc. after the year to distinguish the work you are referring to, e.g. (Clark, 2013a: 25). This
should match the corresponding item in your reference list.
Two authors: (Mankiw and Taylor, 2014: 300)
Three and more authors: (Cateora et al., 2013: 17)
II. Reference list
The last part of your paper, usually added on a new page, is the list of cited works. All entries are doublespaced and in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
Citing books:
Surname, Initial., (Year published) Title of Book in Italics, Place of Publication: Publisher
Clark, C., (2013) The sleepwalkers: How Europe went to war in 1914, London: Penguin
Leigh, A., (2011) Charisma: The secrets of making a lasting impression, 2nd ed., Harlow: Pearson
More than one author: Mankiw, N. G., & M. P. Taylor (2014) Economics, 3rd ed., Andover: Cengage
More than three authors: Follow the model for two authors but list every author with a comma in
between each one and a ‘&’ between the last two authors
If the author(s) have published more than one book in the same year and you are citing from them all you
can distinguish between each book with an: a, b, c, etc. in your quoting or paraphrasing. Then list full
details of the book in your bibliography with an a, b, c etc. after the year published so the books can be
matched accordingly.
Clark, C., (2013a) The sleepwalkers: How Europe went to war in 1914, London: Penguin
Clark, C., (2013b) The Sleepers: Good Night, Sleeptown: Bed Publishers
Articles in a book:
Festing, M., ( 2012) ‘Germany: Retaining talent in times of crisis”, in: Hayton, J. C., M. Biron & L. C.
Christiansen, (eds.) Global Human Resource Management casebook, New York: Routledge
Dissertations or Theses:
Sperber, J., (1980) Popular Catholicism in nineteenth-century Germany, PHD Thesis, University of Chicago
Citing articles:
Surname of Author, Initial(s)., (Year) ‘Title of Article in Inverted Commas’, Title of Journal in Italics,
Volume (Part no) Page numbers of article
Nitzan, I., & B. Libai, (2011) ‘Social effects on customer retention’, in Journal of Marketing, 75 (6) pp. 24 38
Articles in newspapers:
Curtis, P., (15th June, 2009) ‘Tory plan to end primary school Sats and have new test at Secondaries
branded 'half-baked'’ The Guardian, pp.6 - 7
Reference books, encyclopedias:
Godechot, J., (2005) ‘Napoleon’, in The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26). Chicago: Encyclopedia
Britannica
Citing electronic resources
The internet offers a wide range of publications, from bibliographic databases, academic journals,
reference works, archives, to non- scholarly web pages.
Webpage:
Surname, Initial., (Year) Title of Webpage in Italics, Available at: (full web address), (accessed: dd/mm/yy)
NSPCC, (2009) NSPCC response to 21st Century Schools: A World Class Education for Every Child,
Available at:
http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/policyandpublicaffairs/Consultations/2009/21stCenturySchools_wdf64
379.pdf, (accessed: 7/31/14)
If there is no clear author of the website use the ‘corporate author instead i.e. the organisation behind
the website (e.g. OECD, UN). If there is no clear date on the website (have you checked for a ‘last
updated’ date or a ‘copyright’ date?) then you can write No Date.
Yale Law Library, (2010) ‘The Two Faces of American Freedom’, Yale Law Library - Reference Blog,
Posted: 10/12/10, Available at: http://blogs.law.yale.edu/blogs/reference/, (accessed: 20/06/11)
Jane Austen Society of Australia, (2014) About Jane Austen, Available at: http://jasa.com.au/about-janeausten, (accessed: 7/31/14)
E-Books:
E-Books should be cited as any other book, just include the details of the resource (E-Book portal) and the
date accessed at the end of the entry.
Rogers, P. P., K. F. Jalal, & J. A. Boyd, (2010) An Introduction to Sustainable Development, London:
Earthscan, Available at:
http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9786000002213,
(accessed: 7/30/14)
Articles in online journals:
Mahony, R. (1998), ‘Catholic Nationalism in the Irish Revival: A Study of Canon Sheehan, 1852-1913’, in
The Historical Review, 84 (3) pp. 563 – 574, Available at: http://search.proquest.com
/200021311?accountid=158629, (accessed: 7/30/14)
All academic databases provided through libraries offer citation tools that generate citations
automatically in Harvard or MLA format and export them to reference software.
Wikipedia- article:
‘Easter Rising’, (2011) Wikipedia, Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Rising, (accessed:
7/31/14)
Presentations:
Surname, Initial., {of presenter} (Year) Title of Presentation in Italics, Presented at: {name of conference},
Location of conference, Available at: full web address, (date accessed)
The author will be the person delivering the presentation. Example:
Macho, N., (2014) The European Union, Presented at: Schiller International University Heidelberg,
Available at: http://www.siu-heidelberg.de/presentation/macho.ppt, (accessed: 9/31/15)
Company Annual Report:
Nike, Inc., (2013) Annual report on form 10-K, Available at:
http://investors.nikeinc.com/files/doc_financials/AnnualReports/2013/docs/nike-2013-form-10K.pdf,
(accessed: 7/31/14)
Updated July 2014 by Schiller Library Heidelberg