Elverparken Herlev
Group 2. Gunnhild Karin Nybø, Monika Rekos, Rami Al-Khumisi and Ida Løvenkjær
Design by management 2013/2014 project 2
1
Table of contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 3
SWOT analysis......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 4
Existing trees map.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 5
Soil profile................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 6
Topography............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 7
The park today.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 8
Problems................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 9
Functions today........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 10
Future potentials and functions............................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 11
Aim - how to reach the goal................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 13
Our vision................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. p. 15
Areas of focus............................................................................................................................................................................................................................p. 16
Biodiversity - how do we enhance it?.................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 17
Area 1........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 18
Area 3........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 26
Area 5........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ p. 28
Budget....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 34
Discussion and conclusion..................................................................................................................................................................................................... p. 36
2
Introduction
One of the great challenges the municipalities are facing
now and in the future, is economy and to deliver more
for less money. As cities are expanding, so is the need for
well-functioning parks and green structure both in the
city centers and the residential areas. The citizens’ demand for more nature and more quality is also increasing.
We want to focus on developing activities and offers
for the user groups, for example by using different forest development types and adding biological values in
and close to the wet areas. By trying to have “all of it
everywhere” there will certainly be user conflicts. Therefore, we decided that different parts of Elverparken also
should have different focus.
This assignment aims at adapting closer to natural processes, both in the soluitons for design and for maintenance of parks. The reason for this is to satisfy peoples
need for nature, while still keeping the qualities of a park.
More natural areas do not have the wanted aesthetical,
economical or functional values in a city environment
while some qualities found in nature are hard to develop
in smaller scales such as in a park.
The assigned park, Elverparken in Herlev municipality,
is used mainly by locals. In and close to the park there
are sports fields and a school and kindergarten. It is not
a park that people come from far away to see and experience, unless there is a tournament or sport activity of
some kind. The location of the park plays a role. Even
though it is not considered a big park, it is still one if
the bigger green areas here. It is frequently used for dog
walkers and the elderly. Since the school is placed in the
park and there are quite a few football fields here, the
park is naturally used by children as well. There are also
several other activities through the year that focuses on
kids, such as the children’s festival. It is important to develop the offers for some of the most frequent users.
3
SWOT analysis
Strengths Weaknesses
- Location (much used by locals and the school)
- Amphitheatre
- Activities (football, children’s festival etc.)
- Wet areas increasing biological values
- Grown and well-developed trees and plantings
Opportunities
- Dog feces
- Many wet or swampy areas
- The parking lot is a bit too big (other than
during sport activities and arrangements)
- Uninteresting schoolyard
- Areas not used as inteded
Threats
- Wet areas with focus on biodiversity
- Combine the use of wet areas: biodiversity and education (the school is located in the park)
- Park developed for the existing users and their wants and needs
- Flooding
- Drainage problems
- Economy
- Ash disease
4
Existing trees
Row of platanus trees
Mixture of alder, fraxinus and prunus padus
Playground with birch, quercus
robur, conifers and shrubs of symphoricapos albus
Shrubs of Symphoricapos albus
Mixture of conifers and broadleaves
Shrubs of Cornus alba
5
Soil profile for the area
The soil in the area is mixed with soil from other areas. It
is decomposed, removed soil and therefore an extremely
disturbed soil situation. Soil has been removed from certain places and put on top somewhere else. Parts of the
former gravel pit are today made into an amphitheater
in the hillside. Only one place is relatively undisturbed
when it comes to the soil situation. This is the boggy area
north of the school (area 5).
A soil sample here shows peat on the bottom, and a wet
soil with drainage problems. This is also visible though
the water tolerant species growing in the area. There is
also clay here, indicating nutrition.
The quality of the soil, shown in water and nutrition
would in an ecogram show 8 (out of 9) on the water
scale, and 5 (out of 6) on the nutrition scale.
These soil samples shows to different profiles.
The picture on the right, had soil
very similar to the rest of the
area.
The picture on the left had a
very clayish soil, and was the
most natural soil that we found
in the park.
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Topography
Elverparken has both hills and smaller valeys. There are
two small ponds in the park, both placed in a low area.
This means that the areas often get flooded.
The park has a main path that leads to the school, and
smaller paths that leads around in the park.
According to historical maps, the area where the park
is now, was a field and a gravel pit and as time passed,
buildings where established around it. Later on, the park
was created.
A map from 2012, that shows the levels in the
park. The darkest areas are the steepest.
A map from 1995, showing that the area is starting
to take form as the park we know from today.
A map from 1945, showing the gravel pit.
7
The park today
This picture shows who the main users are in each area
today.
The park is not used in the way the municipality wishes
for. There are many potentials, which are not exploited.
Area number 1 is often flooed, and are mostly used as a
walking through area, because the soil is often wet.
Area number 2, is two small football fields, but are used
as a dog park insted. There is a problem with dog leavings, which results in an unused football area, and a not
so attractive dog walking area.
Area number 3, is not very interesting, since it’s a big
asphalt area used only by children from the school with a
forest like landscape nearby. This is not in use, since there
are shrubs in the understory.
Area number 4 is a football field, on a very wet soil. The
area is often flooded. It’s used by children for recreational
used, but because of floodings, there are seasons when it’s
not in use.
The area number 5 is unused. It looks ‘cluttered’ and wet,
so people don’t want to spend time there. However it has
a lot of unexploited potentials.
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Problems
The park is not used as the municipality inteded. There are
problems with dog leavings, and very wet soil in the recreational
areas.
Area 1:
The area around the small pond is often flooded, so after heavy
rain this place is unable to be used. When the area is not flooded, there are nice green areas and also a small amfitheater. The
main problem is that the area is often flooded, and the ground is
wet, so the area has become a ‘passing thorugh’ area.
In the area where the children festival is held (in the red circle
on the map) there is not much activity during the rest of the
year. Its a very open area, and have potentials of other uses during the year, but it should still be kept as a big open area, since it
has a great size for the festival.
Area 2:
Here there are two small football fields. Both fields are used for
dogwalking, which has lead to that the area is a huge dog toilet.
This means that no children are using the area for its purpose:
playing football.
Area 3:
This is a schoolyard, with a small forestlike area with trees of
birch and scots pine and shrubs. The planted area is not in use.
Area 4 is a football field that is often flooded. Its lying next to a
big road. It needs to be safer.
Area 5 looks messy, and its not used. The soil is wet, and people
dont use the area.
9
Functions today
This picture shows how the local people uses the park,
and what function each area play.
Area 1:
Today this area is mostly used as a walking through area.
It is als the area with big open space, which is used for
the childrens festival. There is also a smaller playing area
near the schoolyard.
Area 2:
This area is mostly used for walking dogs, and are rarely
in use as a footballfield.
Area 3:
The schoolyard, where the children are playing when
they have a break from school. In the planted area, there
are no users since the place is planted with shrubs in the
entire understory. However, there is a small playground
between the schoolyard and the planted area.
Area 4 is a football field.
Area 5 appears as a ‘cluttered’ area, with no proper acces
to the small pond and the trees. The area is not very often
in use, and people are passing by it.
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Future potentials and functions
Each area will be used for different things, to provide recreational values for different kind of users of the park.
Area 1:
This area will be an open playground as well as an educational area for children. The flooded area will be used
for recreational use, and by enhancing and exploiting the
flooding, there will be a possibility of enhancing biodiversity. The water can be used as a playing and leraning
element, by implementing a boardwalk. This will also
be a recreational area for elderly people, since it’s nice to
look at and take a walk in. The childrens festival area, will
have a few plants, to make the area a little less open. This
will provide a felling of encloseness and still keep the
area open. This will make it possible for all local users to
use the area at all times.
Area 2a:
One of the football fields will be used as a dogagility area.
This will give the dogwalkers a place to be, and decrease
the dog leaves. The equipment will be made of wood
from the park.
Area 2b:
This area will continue to be a football field, free of dog
leaves. The two areas will be devided with a fence.
Area 3:
This will still be a schoolyard, but some of the shrubs will
be removed so there will be room for playing in the area.
Lightdemanding trees will be planted, so the area will
function as a natural playground, with stumps and fallen
11
trees. This will also be an extension of the small playground in area 1.
Area 4:
This will continue to be used as a football field.
Area 5:
This will be planted with dense trees, for enhancing biodiversity in a different way than the rest of the park. It
will be a fun area to play in, since there will be many hiding places, and there will also be many insects and other
animals living in this area. There will be implemented a
boardwalk, so people can pass through the area if they
are curious to see what is going on. It will be an area of
playing and learning.
This picture shows an example of how the
boardwalk could look like.
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Aim - how to reach the goal
We want to make the changes in a way so the costs will
be as small as possible. This means, that we will keep the
existing plants in some areas, and use the trees that will
be cut down, as equipment for the dogs and children.
There will be implemented new trees and shrubs, to
reach the goal for using the park for learning and playing.
The concept is to reorganize the functions in the area to
make it more useful, and to explore and exploit untapped
potential.
We will start by dividing the park in smaller parts. This
will provide different areas for different users, because
there are problems with areas that are not really in use,
flooded areas and dog leavings in the whole park.
We will focus on area 1, 3 and 5, since these have the biggest potentials for reaching our vision ‘A park for learning and playing’. Area 2a, 2b and 4 will be mentioned
briefly.
Area 1:
The main idea is to design a platform to make this place
more accessable for people as it is temporary flooded after heavy rain.
It will be used as a play and learn area. It will be possible for children to play safely in the shallow water, when
there has been heavy rain and the area is flooded. It will
also function as an area with increased biodiversity, since
there will be planted new tree species.
13
Aim - how to reach the goal
Area 2a and 2b:
The main assumption was dividing this area, so there
wasan area for dogs and an area for playing football. The
project involves special equipment in area 2a, and will be
made from wood from the park. This will reduce costis.
Area 3:
In the area with the trees and shrubs, most of the shrubs
will be removed to make room for playing. The rest of
the shrubs will be surrounding the area for more encloseness. This will also provide hiding places for both children and animals living in the shrubs.
This will extend the existing playground. There will be
planted pioneer species that will provide light. The equipment for playing, will be the fallen trees and the stumps.
Instead of shrubs, the soil will be covered with bark.
As and extra edition, we will change the asphalt in the
schoolyard with a rubber surface, in many colors, for a
more interesting playground.
Area 4:
The football field must be drained.
Area 5:
In this area we want to combine biodiversity functions
with educational functions. We will plant FDT 32 consisting of alnus, populus and 5-10% oak, lime and rowan.
This terrain is often flooded and inaccessible and its
small, so by creating a boardwalk, the area will be accesible, interesting and useful. It would create an opportunity
to introduce children to nature develops, and which animals that lives in a wet area.
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Our Vision
Our vision
‘A park for playing and learning about nature’
D
The users will be the local people; children, dogowners and elderly
people.
E
4
5
3
1. Wetland- and childrens festival area
2a. Dogagility area
2b. Football field
3. Playground near schoolyard
4. Football field
5. Wet dense area
A. New path
B. East forest with FDT 13
C. West forest with FDT 23
D. Northern forest with FDT 32
E. Boardwalk
1
C
1
A
B
2b
E
2a
We will focus on area 1, 3 and 5 since these
areas has the best possibilities for combining
learning, playing and biodiversity.
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Areas of focus
The marked areas shows which part of the park that we
choosed to focus on. These areas have great potential for increasing biodiversity, which we will enhance, as well as the
possibilities of experiencing and learning from the nature.
FDT 32
Extension of
playground
FDT 23
FDT 13
This picture shows the borders for our FDT’s
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Biodiversity - how do we enhance it?
In the park there are some places that occasionally get
flooded and there are also quite wet areas.
The simplest solution for these areas would be to keep its
impression of being natural, and let them develop into
swampy areas for biodiversity to flourish.
In area 1 there is a permanent pond that gets substantially bigger during periods with heavy rainfall. Simultaneously, water inundates the surrounding area. By creating
an environment where biodiversity will be in focus, the
educational values will also be heightened, something
that is even more suitable when there is a school nearby.
In order for people to be able to use the area, a boardwalk could be created, that will lead down to the pond.
This will also provide an educational values where both
children and adults can go and see what lives in the water
and in the tress in an area like this.
In area 5, tree species such as ash, alder and salix grow
by the wet area north of the school. The area gives off an
impression of being “cluttered” and there is a big distance
between the water and the trees. The vegetation in this
area will be replaced by FDT 32 (poplus and alnus with
oak, lime and rowen), becuase this will give the dense
and biodoverse area that we wish for. In this area there
will also be implemented a boardwalk, that will be above
water level, so people can walk through the area, finding
animals in the water, and discover insects and birds, living in a dense area like this.
The two areas will distinguish from each other because
of the different species there will be planted in each area.
Area 1 will be light, and area 5 will be dense.
A picture from the pond in area
1, where its easy to see that its a
wet area.
A picture from area 5. The area
seems cluttered, and has a dense
right side, and an open, also
cluttered, left side. This area has
a great potential to enhance bio17
diversity.
BIODIVERSITY
CURRENT CONDITION
This picture shows the current condition in
area 1. We made a transect, and divided the
area into east and west, because of the species
that are already growing there. We made an
unmanged transect from 0 to 50 years, and
a managed transect with the FDT’s that we
chosed for east and west from 0 to 50 years.
Mixed forest of conifers and broadleaves,
with a variety of different species.
Dense underbrush of bushes, with many
hiding places for smaller wildlife.
Degeneration seems to be present, especially in the inner parts of the planted belt.
Surface of water - the cradle of life.
Home for many aquatic plants, animals
and insects, and a source of drinking water
for the wildlife.
This picture shows the transect for area 1
Island of grass in close proximity to the
lake. Potentially good area to create a
naturally grown meadow, potentially enhancing biodiversity by introducing new
biotopes.
Plant belt of mixed trees, bsuhes and
shrubs. Areas with beech have less undergrowth due to lack of light. Another
forest-like biotope.
Edges between biotopes are important areas in terms of biodiversity, and Elverpark
is not lacking on this part.
18
Eastern forest-strip (unmanaged)
Current condition:
Currently the forest consists mainly of sycamore
and beech with a couple of other species such as
norway spruce and bird cherry.
50 years after current condition:
100 years after current condition:
Shade tolerant species beech and sycamore will
slowly take over the area, eventually overshading
any other potential species.
In a long timespan beech might become the most dominant specie,
due to a longer lifespan and higher growth.
Unmanaged, the eastern forest-strip will most likely turn into a
forest very similar to FDT 12 (Beech, sycamore, ash) although the
ash would have to migrate to the forest from the nearby areas.
19
Eastern forest-strip (managed FDT-13)
Management year 0:
The first management will clear areas of trees
to allow group regeneration for new plantings.
Certain healthy trees are kept to maintain a
forest-like feeling.
50 years after management:
100 years after management:
Over time the dominant species should become
beech, douglas fir and larch (FDT-13).
The relatively short lifespan, and fast growth rate, of larch and douglas fir, will be able to keep up with the shade tolerance and long
lifespan of the beech,. The
creating
self-regenerating
forest. will the
treesawill
regenerate in groups
help of clearing maintenance.
During wintertime the douglas fir will stand out being the only evergreen specie in this FDT.
20
21
Western forest-strip (unmanaged)
Current condition:
The forest in this area consists of a mixture of
different species such as betula, tilia, acer, pinus
and picea.
50 years after current condition:
100 years after current condition:
The lower area of the strip is slightly more wet
due to it’s close proximity to the lake, and will
appeal to wet tolerant species such as betula.
Over time the area will most likely develop into a more open and wet
area on the lower part of the hill and a more dense and dry area on
the upper part of the hill.
22
Western forest-strip (managed FDT-23)
Management year 0:
The first management will remove many trees to
make space for group regeneration of new planted trees. Further regeneration requires removal
of the canopy in gaps.
The aim is to turn the western forest-strip into
FDT23 which consists of oak, pine, larch and
some smaller species.
50 years after management:
100 years after management:
This FDT is a very light forest, allowing a varied undergrowth of
smaller trees (betula) and shrubs.
The undergrowth, combined with trees such as oak and pinus, will
create many small biotopes to increase the biodiversity in the area.
During wintertime, pinus will stand out between the other naked
trees and shrubs.
23
24
Suggestions
Area 1:
In this area there is a great possibilty for a biodiverse
area, since there are many different trees and shrubs. In
our transect we discovered many conifers, prunus, fagus, acer and betula. There are many exotic species in the
area, which will be replaced with native species, when the
trees starts degenerating. The shrubs consists of sambucus nigra, symphoricarpos albus and rosa canina.
Many of the trees and shrubs are growing on a steep hill,
and the broadleafs, provide a great ground flora, because
of all the leafs that animals both lives and hide in.
The native trees are growing well in the area, and has the
potential of providing great biodiversity in the area for
plants, birds and insects, but this has to be developed
further. It will also provide great biodiversity when the
trees are dead.
As in the previous pictures, we decided to devide area 1
in a western and eastern part. For a more biodiverse area,
we will not leave the area unmanged, but instead plant
new FDT’s. The existing trees will be removed, and new
trees will be planted. We found the trees that will thrive
the best in this area, by looking at the trees that were already growing there, and also consider that the soil is
disturbed.
In the western part FDT 23 (oak with scots pine and
larch) will be planted since there are so many conifers
in the area. This FDT provides a rich flora, including an
understory of shrubs. Both oak and scots pine are homes
for a large number of insects. They are light demanding
pioneer species, and provide light to a diverse community of animals and plants.
In the eastern part FDT 13 (beech with douglas fir and
larch) will be planted. This forest type resembles a natural
beech forest. In spring and summer it resembles a beech forest,
and during fall and winther it resembles a conifer forest.
This FDT provides a variation of birds, plants and other animals.
For making people more aware of the biodiversity in the pond,
and also making people more atracted to the pond, we will removed the existing path, and make a boardwalk as the picture
shows. Higher up the hill, we will build a more solid path, since
there is already a natural path made by humans walking here.
25
26
Area 3:
In this area we will keep as many trees as possible, since
the trees that are already planted, are growing very well
and are good for biodiversity. The existing plantings are
birch, different conifers and shrubs of snowberry.
Birch is a pioneer specie, and is light demanding. It has
a short life span, which gives a lot of dead wood, and are
therefore important habitats for fungi, insects, and birds.
In an area with these types of trees, there a good possibilites of spotting hollows with nesting birds.
Most of the shrubs in the area will be removed, so its
possible for children to use it as a playground. Some of
the shrubs will probably try to grow, but these will be
removed by the municipality, or will not grow as much
because children will use the area so much. Some shrubs
should be kept for increasing biodiversity and also provide encloseness. In this area there are birch and conifers
and the ground will be covered with bark.
Since this area will be used more as a playground than
a learning forest, it will be possible to spot some of the
many wonders of nature on the trees, and in the tree
tops.
This area will be an extension of the schoolyard, since it
will function as a playground in the nature, with deadwood and stumps, and it will also be educational, because children can explore the wildlife and flora in the
area.
The area is similar to FDT 41, but it will only have confiers and birch, and some of the existing shrubs.
Some reference pictures, showing
how the area could function as a
natural playground, and as a place
for discovering.
27
28
Transects - unmanaged
29
Northern wetland (unmanaged)
Current condition:
50 years after current condition:
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior
Alnus glutinosa
Prunus padus
Alnus glutinosa
Original plantings:
After 50 years:
-Prunus padus
-Fraxinus excelsior
-Alnus glutinosa
-Alnus glutinosa
-Fraxinus excelsior (some dead or removed due to disease)
-Other minor shrubs and trees in undergrowth
Location: wetland close to a small pond or puddle.
FDT 31 due to natural succession. Prunus padus not as able of
handling the wet terrain as Fraxinus and Alnus, and will therefore
diminish in numbers while the wet tolerant species will thrive.
Unmanaged the forest will maintain a natural regeneration depending on degeneration of old trees.
30
Northern wetland (managed - FDT 32)
Management year 0:
10 years after management:
20 years after management:
50 years after management:
100 years after management:
Fraxinus excelsior
Prunus padus
Alnus glutinosa
Self-invented FDT-32 (basicly same as FDT 31 but
replacing Fraxinus excelsior with Populus nigra to
counter the ash disease.
Populus nigra has fortunately very similar attributes to Fraxinus excelsior.
The first 20 years the area will require a group
regeneration management to introduce the new
specie (Populus nigra) and giving it a chance to
grow. Clearings of the understory might be
needed to promote regeneration of the trees.
After 50 years, the area should be capable of regenerating itself naturally by using the openings left
by trees in a degenerative state.
The dominant species would be Populus nigra and
Alnus glutinosa - our self-invented FDT-32 has
come to life.
Populus nigra
Alnus glutinosa
31
32
Area 5:
Today this area consists of grass, a pond and some trees
of the species ash, alder and bird cherry. The species near
the pond are cattail and some mushrooms. It is clear
from the species growing here that the conditions are
wet. Cattail might be considered a problem for the biodiversity since it is a dominant species that grows quite
aggressively and push other species aside. Because of the
dense layer it creates, the cattail suppresses other species.
Some animals do however make use of the cattails, for
example birds using their material when building nests.
There could also be a certain educational value in having
aggressive, although native, species some places, to illustrate how one should be careful when introducing new
species to an area and that not all species are “kind” to
each other.
Dead material from the trees are not removed and this
creates more biodiversity. By not removing the dead
trees or debris, there will be more habitats for insects and
decomposers (e.g. beetles), mosses and other types of
plants, as well as habitats for nesting birds and other animals.
We invented our own FDT, and called it FDT 32. It consists of Alnus glutinosa, Populus nigra and 5-10% rowan,
oak and lime.
We want more trees in the area and to make it denser
with less of the cluttered impression that it now gives off,
and we think that this FDT would help achieve this goal.
We chosed Populus nigra, because it has similar attributes as the fraxinus
Planting denser and creating a small “neighbourhood
forest” will involve gaining more forest species and nesting areas.
lime is important for a number of insects. Each tree contributes to the biodiversity in the area. Oak provides
acorns and are home for insects and birds. The pioneer
species and the life span is therefore short. This will provide more deadwood and also mosses and good conditions for biodiversity in general.
The boardwalk going through the area, will provide accesibility and a view into the wildlife in the nature.
33
Budget - parklawn and forest areas
These maps shows the size of the parklawn and the forest areas.
We want to keep the maintenance as it is today, since it is working
very well for the park. We want to cut the existing plantings and
plant new trees and various species and then develop a new more
or less self-sustainable forest type.
The picture on the left shows the parklawn in the
park. Its 18.354m2.
The picture on the right shows the forest. Its
7402m2.
34
Budget
220m2 park lawn
converted into
forest.
18134
56215,4
13261
6630,5
220m2 park lawn
converted into
forest.
13261
6630,5
Maintenance cost per year:
Before: 188932,2 kr
After: 188101,8 kr + 3460 kr
Conclusion: Budget stays more or less
the same due to very few changes.
188101,8
Maintenance cost per year:
Boardwalk
Before: 188932,2 kr
After: 188101,8 kr + 3460 kr
Conclusion: Budget stays more or less
10
346 m2
3460 kr
35
Discussion and conclusion
Already from the beginning we decided that the park
should be developed with the current users in mind, as
well as enhancing biological values in certain areas. The
park is most frequented by children, dog walkers and
elderly people, and so ideas were exchanged to what they
may want to gain out of a park to like it even more.
The main challenges in the area were the flooding and
the football field being covered with dog feces. The
economy of the municipality and the tight budget had to
be considered during every step and decision that was
made. The time set for maintenance was also considered.
As the course has a large focus on forest development,
the main focuses was the existing and future plantings in
the park and the development of different forest development types for different uses. Among other possibilities
that were spotted, was the potential of giving the areas
with risk of flooding a positive element. The flooded
areas should not be a barrier for people wanting to use
them.
The aim to enhance biodiversity is achieved by replanting areas with native species after cutting existing trees
down. This prevents non-native or unwanted species
from taking over the sites. Moreover, the new forest development types will create new habitats for lots of native
species of beetles and other insects (e.g. by leaving trunks
and standing or lying dead wood). As many researches
show, by increasing biodiversity of insects in a given site
it will at the same time support biodiversity of amphibians and vertebrates (e.g. birds and mammals).
Educational functions that the project assumes to provide are achieved by creating different types of habitats
were children can play and learn about the nature at the
same time. Using wood and trunks when making the
natural playground causes a less disturbed environment,
and the playground will fit better into the nature in the
park. Visitors will get platforms and more access to the
water as well as a more planned shape of the path regarding the problems with flooding. The dogs and dog walkers get a whole area assigned for them.
This way it was made sure that every site should have a
use, that no site should be left abandoned, whether it is
because of dog leavings, too wet, inaccessible or uninteresting areas. The users needs were also kept, and hopefully the solutions will lead to more visits.
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