Parts all fungi have
• Hyphae
Lab 13
• Mycelium
• Rhizoids
• Cell Walls w/ chitin
Fungi
• Basic Life Cycle on p.
300
– Most of its life is haploid
Benefits
• Penicillin
• Nutrient cycling
(decomposers)
• Used to make food
(cheese, bread)
• Eatable (some)
• Attach to plants to
help plants absorb
nutrients
• Used to make alcohol
Detriment
• Rot food
• Cause diseases in
humans
• Toxic
• Destroys crops
(blights & smuts)
Vegetative vs Fruiting Bodies
• Vegetative Body
– Asexual Reproduction
(some clonal)
– Haploid
• Fruiting Body
– Sexual Reproduction
– Diploid
1
Phylum Zygomycota- Bread molds
Conjugation and Zygospore
• Multiple nuclei in a
single hyphae, no
septa
• Sexual reproduction
through non-motile
spores
• Includes sporangia,
rhizoids, zygospores
Zygomycota Lifecycle
Phylum Ascomycota- Sac Fungi
• Separate hyphae
cells with one nuclei
• Sexual reproduction
via ascospores
produced in the ascus
• Asexual spores
produced in
conidiophore
2
Ascomycota Life Cycle
Ascus Examples
Ascospores
Fungus in History
Ascocarp
• Ergot Poisoning for Witch Trials
Dikaryotic
hyphae
3
Basidiomycota Life Cycle
Phylum Basidiomycota- Club Fungi
• Hyphae with septa, one nucleus per
cell
• Mycelia underground or in dead
organisms
• Only sexual reproduction
• Mushrooms, toad stools, etc…
– Some edible, some are toxic
• Agricultural nuisance
– Smut, rust, blights
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota Anatomy
Basidia
Pileus
Basidospores
4
Phylum Lichenes: Lichen
Foliose lichen
• Fungus with a algae
or a cyanobacteria
Thalli- look like liverworts
• Asexual reproduction
via soredia
– Hyphae surrounding
algal cells
• Color is based on
accessory pigments
in alga or
cyanobacteria
Crustose- Encrusting lichen
Soridial cups that release soredia
Fruticose Lichen
Highly branched and
tall bush-like structure
5