Canadian Contribution to the Phoenix Mars Mission
Canadian Science Team
James A. Whiteway (Lead for Canadian Science Team, York University)
Mike Daly (Lead for Canadian Engineering Team, MDA (now at York U.))
Peter Taylor (York University)
Allan Carswell (York University)
Carlos Lange (University of Alberta)
David Fisher (NRCan)
Thomas Duck (Dalhousie University)
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Canadian Science Team Achievements During the Phoenix Mars Mission
Mission Results
The Phoenix spacecraft was launched on 4 August 2007, landed in the Arctic region of the
planet Mars on 25 May 2008, and then operated for five months until the available solar energy
was not sufficient to continue. The Canadian Science Team (CST) led the implementation of
LIDAR instrument and the pressure and temperature probes that were funded by the Canadian
Space Agency (CSA). Prior to the launch of Phoenix, the CST led the conceptual design,
characterization, and testing of the instruments. The prime contractor for the instrument detailed
design and construction MDA Space Missions. The Canadian instruments operated as planned
throughout the entire mission on Mars, producing scientific discoveries that have been published
in peer reviewed scientific journals (21 separate articles so far). The results have also been
presented at international conferences (50 papers presented), public outreach events, and in the
news media worldwide. The project publication output is listed below.
LIDAR Measurements
The LIDAR was the most significant instrument supplied from Canada for the Phoenix
mission. It was also the most challenging, as it was the first time that this technology was applied
on the surface of another planet. The instrument was described in a publication by Whiteway et
al. in the Journal of Geophysical Research (2008). The basic measurement technique was to emit
pulses of laser light into the atmosphere and detect the light that was scattered back from dust
and cloud particles. This provides a measurement of the vertical distribution of dust and clouds
in the atmosphere. Figure 1 shows a photograph of the Phoenix LIDAR. The measurements were
conducted usually three or four times each day (e.g. early morning, afternoon, evening, night)
with a duration between 15 and 60 minutes for each run. On average, the LIDAR was operated
for about one hour each day during the mission on Mars.
Figure . Photographs of the Phoenix LIDAR with the cover removed.
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Figure 2 shows the basic LIDAR measurement and analysis product for the study of dust in
the atmosphere of Mars. The backscatter of pulsed laser light (wavelength 532 nm) is detected to
a height of about 20 km. Analog detection is used for heights below 10 km and photon counting
is used up to 20 km. The height distribution of the detected backscatter signal on mission sol 48
(solar longitude, Ls = 98.57o) is shown in Fig 2. (A Mars sol is about 40 minutes longer than an
Earth day.) The amount of scattering material in the atmosphere is proportional to the extinction
coefficient. This is the fractional decrease in laser pulse energy per unit length as it propagates
through the atmosphere. The extinction coefficient can also be considered as the effective cross
sectional area of particulates per unit volume. This was derived from the LIDAR signal as
described in Whiteway et al. (2008) and the analysis method was validated during the Australia
Desert dust campaign as described by Dickinson et al. (2010). Figure 2 shows the profile of
extinction coefficient derived from the measurements in Fig 1.1a.
The profile measured on sol 48 (Fig. 2) is typical for moderate dust loading with no clouds.
There is a layer of enhanced dust loading that is distributed approximately evenly to a height of 4
km above the ground. This is due to the lifting of dust from the surface and the vertical mixing
by convection and turbulence during daytime within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). The
vertical distribution of dust provides an indication of the depth of the PBL, which was variable
between 4 km and 6 km. The signal above height 4 km is due to the background dust content of
the atmosphere.
Figure 2. Phoenix LIDAR backscatter signal at wavelength 532 nm on mission sol 48 (a) and the
derived extinction coefficient (b). There is greater atmospheric dust loading at heights below 4
km due to lifting from the surface and mixing within the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL).
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A contour plot of LIDAR backscatter coefficient from sol 99 is shown in Figure 3. The
enhanced backscatter at 3 – 4 km and below 1 km indicates the outline and internal structure of
the clouds that drifted above the Phoenix landing site. These clouds formed at an estimated
temperature of -65o C, consistent with water ice crystals (Whiteway et al. 2008). The pattern of
vertical streaks at the base of the 3 – 4 km cloud after 05:00 is consistent with ice crystals
precipitating from the cloud, and eventually sublimating in the dry air below the cloud. Later in
the mission the precipitation streaks were observed to reach the ground.
The most significant result from the Phoenix LIDAR observations was the observation that
water ice crystals grow large enough to precipitate significant distances through the atmosphere
of Mars. In the early morning hours the clouds formed at ground level and at heights around 4
km since these were the coldest parts of the PBL. The cloud was capped at the top of the PBL
because daytime turbulent mixing does not transport moisture above that height. The overall
process was that water ice was transported downward by precipitation at night, it sublimated as
the atmosphere warmed in the morning, and then the vapour was mixed back up through the PBL
by turbulence and convection during the daytime. The clouds and precipitation act to confine
water within the PBL.
Figure 3. Contour plot of LIDAR backscatter coefficient for measurements on sols 99 (Ls=
127o). The backscatter coefficient is the fraction of the laser pulse that is scattered back to the
LIDAR per unit length and solid angle.
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Temperature Measurements
Thermocouples at three levels on a 1-m mast on the deck of the Phoenix lander provided
temperature measurements throughout the 150 sol Phoenix mission (a Mars sol is about 40
minutes longer than an Earth day). Figure 4 shows the temperature measurements over the first
two sols of the mission. Figure 5 shows the record of temperature over the entire mission. Air
temperatures showed a large diurnal cycle with little sol-to-sol variation. Daytime temperatures
exhibited fluctuations (10° C) due to turbulence and reached a maximum in the early afternoon.
The warmest temperature of -25° C was recorded on sol 60, which was 30 sols after the summer
solstice. The minimum temperature occurred around 2 AM and this decreased through late
summer to from -80° C to -90° C.
Figure 1.5 Atmospheric temperature recorded by the MET station on the during the first two sols
of the Phoenix mission
Temperature (oC) at 2 m above the surface (Sol 0 - 150)
Martian time (Ls)
80
100
120
140
Temperature (oC) at 2 m above the surface
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
0
50
100
150
Martian time (Phoenix sols)
Figure 5. Temperature recorded by the MET station on the surface of Mars throughout the entire
Phoenix mission.
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Pressure Measurements
The Phoenix MET station provided a record of surface atmospheric pressure measured at 2second intervals throughout the entire the 150-sol Phoenix mission. Figure 6 shows the pressure
record. The surface pressure dropped from around 860 Pa at the start of the mission to a
minimum (daily average) of 724 Pa on sol 140 (Ls 143). The instrument limitations, data
corrections, comparisons with previous missions and atmospheric models were published by
Taylor et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010).
80
100
Martian time (Ls)
120
140
860
840
820
Pressure (Pa)
800
780
760
740
720
700
0
50
100
150
Martian time (Phoenix sols)
Figure 6. Measurements of atmospheric pressure by the MET station on the surface of Mars
during the entire Phoenix Mission.
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Publications in International Scientific Journals (peer reviewed)
(Canadian Science Team Members and employees are underlined)
1. LIDAR Instrument and Results
LIDAR on the Phoenix Mars mission
Whiteway, J., M. Daly, A. Carswell, C. Dickinson, T. Duck, L. Komguem, and C. Cook.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, E00A08, doi:10.1029/2007JE003002 (2008).
Mars Water Ice Clouds and Precipitation
Whiteway, J. A., L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, C. Cook, M. Illnicki, J. Seabrook, V. Popovici, T.
J. Duck, R. Davy, P. A. Taylor, J. Pathak, D. Fisher, A. I. Carswell, M. Daly, V. Hipkin, A. P.
Zent, M. H. Hecht, S. E. Wood, L. Tamppari, N. Renno, J. Moores, M. T. Lemmon, F. Daerden,
P. H. Smith
Science, vol . 325, page 68, 3 July 2009.
LIDAR measurements of clouds in the planetary boundary layer on Mars
Dickinson, C., J. Whiteway, L. Komguem, J. Moores, M. Lemmon
Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 37, L18203, doi:10.1029/2010GL044317 (2010).
LIDAR Atmospheric Measurements on Mars and Earth
Dickinson C., L. Komguem, J. A. Whiteway, M. Illnicki, V. Popovici, W. Junkermann, P.
Connolly, J. Hacker
Planetary and Space Science, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2010.03.004 (2010).
Observations of Near-Surface Fog at the Phoenix Mars Landing Site
Moores, J. E., L. Komguem, J. A. Whiteway, M. T. Lemmon,
C. Dickinson, and F. Daerden
Geophysical Research Letters. Accepted January 2011.
Phoenix MET LIDAR Calibration, Characterization, and Catalog Report (Version 2)
Whiteway, J. A., and C. Dickinson
NASA Planetary Data System – Planetary Atmospheres Node (v1-2009; v2-2010)
2. Temperature and Pressure Instruments and Results
Temperature, pressure, and wind instrumentation in the Phoenix meteorological package
Taylor, P. A., D. C. Catling, M. Daly, C. S. Dickinson, H. P. Gunnlaugsson, A. Harri, and C. F.
Lange, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, E00A10, doi:10.1029/2007JE003015 (2008).
Initial analysis of air temperature and related data from the Phoenix MET station and
their use in estimating turbulent heat fluxes
Davy, R., J. A. Davis, P. A. Taylor, C. F. Lange, W. Weng, J. Whiteway, H. P. Gunnlaugson.
Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2009JE003444. (10 March 2010).
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On pressure measurement and seasonal pressure variations during the Phoenix mission
Taylor, P. A., H. Kahanpää, W. Weng, A. Akingunola, C. Cook, M. Daly, C. Dickinson, A. Harri,
D. Hill, V. Hipkin, J. Polkko, J. A. Whiteway, Journal of Geophysical Research,
doi:10.1029/2009JE003422 (30 March 2010).
Convective vortices and dust devils at the Phoenix Mars mission landing site
Ellehoj, M.D., H. P. Gunnlauggson, P. A. Taylor, H. Kahanpää, K. M. Bean, B.A. Cantor, B.T.
Gheynani, L. Drube, D. Fisher, A.-M. Harri, C. Holstein-Rathlou, M. T. Lemmon, M. B. Madsen,
M. C. Malin, J. Polkko, P. H. Smith, L. K. Tamppari, W. Weng, and J. Whiteway. Journal of
Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2009JE003413 (2010).
3. ‘Tell Tale’ Instrument and Results (wind measurements)
Winds at the Phoenix landing site
Holstein-Rathlou, C., H. P. Gunnlauggson, J. P. Merrison, K. M. Bean, B. A. Cantor, J. A. Davis,
R. Davy, N. B. Drake, M.D. Ellehoj, W. Goetz, S.F. Hviid, C. F. Lange, S. E. Larsen, M. T.
Lemmon, M. B. Madsen, M. Malin, J. E. Moores, P. Nornberg, P. H. Smith, L. K. Tamppari, and
P. A. Taylor. Journal of Geophysical Researh, doi:10.1029/2009JE003411 (2010).
4. Mars Atmospheric Simulation
A model of dust in the Martian lower atmosphere
Davy, R., P. A. Taylor, W. Weng, and P.-Y. Li, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D04108,
doi:10.1029/2008JD010481 (21 February 2009).
Simulating Martian boundary layer water ice clouds and the LIDAR measurements for the
Phoenix mission
Pathak, J., D. Michelangeli, L. Komguem, J. Whiteway, L. Tamppari.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, E00A05, doi:10.1029/2007JE002967 (2008).
Modelling dust distributions in the atmospheric boundary layer on Mars
Taylor P.A., Li P.Y., Michelangeli D.V., Pathak J., and Weng W. Boundary-Layer Meteorology,
125, 305-328 (2007).
Simulating Observed Boundary Layer Clouds on Mars
Daerden F., J. A. Whiteway, R. Davy, C. Verhoeven, L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, P. A. Taylor, N.
Larsen
Geophysical Research Letters., 37, L04203, doi:10.1029/2009GL041523 (2010).
5. Mars Ice Processes
A perchlorate brine lubricated deformable bed could facilitate flow of the North Polar Cap
of Mars: possible mechanisms for water table recharging
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Fisher, D.A., M. Hecht, S. Kounaves, D. Catling. Journal of Geophysical Research,
doi:10.1029/2009JE003405. (16 February 2010).
D/H ratio during the northern polar summer and what the Phoenix mission might measure
Fisher, D., R. Novak, and M. J. Mumma, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, E00A15,
doi:10.1029/2007JE002972 (2008).
6. Collaboration with other Phoenix Instrument Teams
Atmospheric dynamics at the Phoenix landing site as seen by the Surface Stereo Imager
Moores, J. E., M. T. Lemmon, P. H. Smith, L. Komguem, J. A. Whiteway
Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2009JE003409. (13 January 2010).
Phoenix and MRO coordinated atmospheric measurements
Tamppari, L. K., D. Bass, B. A. Cantor, I. Daubar, C. Dickinson, D. Fisher, K. Fujii, H. P.
Gunnlauggson, T. L. Hudson, D. Kass, A. Kleinbohl, L. Komguem, M. T. Lemmon, M. T.
Mellon, J. E. Moores, A. Pankine, J. Pathak, M. Searls, F. Seelos, M. D. Smith, S. E. Smrekar, P.
A. Taylor, C. Holstein-Rathlou, W. Weng, J. Whiteway, and M. Wolff . Journal of Geophysical
Research, doi:10.1029/2009JE003415 (2010).
Water at the Phoenix landing site
Smith, P. H., L. K. Tamppari, R. E. Arvidson, D. Bass, D. Blaney, W. V. Boynton, A. Carswell,
D. C. Catling, B. C. Clark, T. Duck, E. DeJong, D. Fisher, W. Goetz, H. P. Gunnlaugsson, M. H.
Hecht, V. Hipkin, J. Hoffman, S. F. Hviid, H. U. Keller, S. P. Kounaves, C. F. Lange, M. T.
Lemmon, M. B. Madsen, M. Malin, W. J. Markiewicz, J. Marshall, C. P. McKay, M. T. Mellon,
D. W. Ming, R. V. Morris, N. Renno, W. T. Pike, U. Staufer, C. Stoker, P.Taylor, J. A. Whiteway,
A. P. Zent.
Science, Vol. 325. no. 5936, pp. 58 - 61 DOI: 10.1126/science.1172339. (3 July 2009).
Introduction to special section on the Phoenix Mission: Landing site characterization
experiments, mission overviews, and expected science
Smith, P., L. Tamppari, R. E. D. Arvidson, D. S. Bass, D. Blaney, W. V. Boynton, A. Carswell, D.
C. Catling, B. C. Clark, T. J. Duck, E. M. DeJong, D. Fisher, W. Goetz, H.P. Gunnlaugsson, M.
Hecht, V. Hipkin, J. H. Hoffman, S.F. Hviid, H.U. Keller, S. Kounaves, C. F. Lange, M. T.
Lemmon, M. B. Madsen, M. C. Malin, W. J. Markiewicz, J. Marshall, C. P. McKay, M. T.
Mellon, D. Michelangeli, D. W. Ming, R. Morris, N. O. Renno, W.T. Pike, U. Staufer, C. R.
Stoker, P. A. Taylor, J. A. Whiteway, S. Young, and A. P. Zent.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, doi:10.1029/2008JE003083 (2008).
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Publications in Refereed Conference Proceedings
LIDAR atmospheric measurements on Mars
Whiteway, J., M. Daly, A. Carswell, C. Dickinson, T. Duck, L Komguem, C. Cook
Reviewed and revised papers presented at the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, St.
Petersburg, Russia, July 2010.
Phoenix LIDAR observations of dust in the atmosphere of Mars
Whiteway, J., L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, Mars Dust Cycle Workshop at Ames Research Center,
September 15-17, 2009 (NASA/CP-2010-216377).
Phoenix LIDAR Observations of Dust, Clouds, and Precipitation on Mars
J. Whiteway, L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, C. Cook, T. Duck, P. Taylor, R. Davy, J. Seabrook, D.
Fisher, A. Carswell, M. Daly, V. Popovici
Proceedings of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, March 2009.
LIDAR on the Phoenix Mars Mission: First Results
Whiteway, J., M. Daly, A. Carswell, C. Dickinson, T. Duck, L Komguem, C. Cook
Reviewed and revised papers presented at the 24th International Laser Radar Conference,
Boulder, June 2008.
Observation of Australian Desert Dust: Comparison of LIDAR and Aerial In Situ
Measurements
Dickinson, C., J Whiteway, J. Hacker, W Junkermann, R. Mitchell, V. Popovici
Reviewed and revised papers presented at the 24th International Laser Radar Conference,
Boulder, June 2008.
Characterization of the Phoenix LIDAR
Whiteway, J., C. Cook, L. Komguem, M. Ilnicki, M. Greene, C. Dickinson, A. Heymsfield
Proceedings of the Forth Mars Polar Science Conference, Davos, 2006.
LIDAR on the Phoenix Mars Mission
Whiteway, J. A., T. J. Duck, A. I. Carswell, C. R. Cook, C. Dickinson, L. Komguem, M. Daly, J.
F. Hahn, P. A. Taylor
Reviewed papers presented at the 23rd International Laser Radar Conference, pages 981 – 984,
2006 (ISBN4-9902916-0-3)
Cloud characterization with the Phoenix Field LIDAR
Komguem, L., J. Whiteway, C. Cook, M. Illnicki
Reviewed papers presented at the 23rd International Laser Radar Conference, pages 469 – 470,
2006 (ISBN4-9902916-0-3)
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Presentations and International Scientific Conferences
LIDAR atmospheric measurements on Mars
Whiteway, J., M. Daly, A. Carswell, C. Dickinson, T. Duck, L Komguem, C. Cook
International Laser Radar Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, July 2010.
LIDAR atmospheric measurements on Mars
J. Whiteway, C. Dickinson, L. Komguem, P. Connolly, F. Daerden
Canadian Association of Physicists, Toronto, June 2010
Measurements and Modelling of Clouds in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer on
Mars
J. Whiteway, F. Daerden, L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, R. Davy, P. A. Taylor
American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, December 2009
Phoenix LIDAR Atmospheric Dust Measurements on Mars
J. Whiteway, C. Dickinson, L. Komguem
Mars Dust Cycle Workshop, NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA, September 2009.
LIDAR Atmospheric Measurements from the Surface of Mars (Invited)
J. Whiteway, M. Daly, A. Carswell, T. Duck, C. Dickinson, L. Komguem, C. Cook
American Geophysical Union, Toronto, May 2009.
Phoenix LIDAR Observations of the Cloud Topped Boundary Layer on Mars
J. A. Whiteway, L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, C. Cook, M. Illnicki, J. Seabrook, V. Popovici, T. J.
Duck, R. Davy, P. A. Taylor, J. Pathak, D. Fisher, A. I. Carswell, M. Daly, V. Hipkin, L.
Tamppari, N. Renno, J. Moores, M. T. Lemmon, F. Daerden, P. H. Smith
American Geophysical Union, Toronto, May 2009.
Phoenix LIDAR observations of dust, clouds and precipitation on Mars
Whiteway, J., L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, C. Cook, T. Duck, P. Taylor, R. Davy, J. Seabrook, D.
Fisher, A. Carswell, M. Daly, V. Popovici. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston,
March 2009.
Pressure data from the Phoenix landing site
Taylor P. A. Weng W. Cook C. Dickinson C. Akingunola A. Polkko J. Kahanpää H.
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, March 2009.
Dust devils and vortices at the Phoenix landing site on Mars
Ellehøj M. D., Gunnlaugsson H. P., Taylor P. A., Gheynani B. T., Whiteway J., Lemmon M. T.,
Bean K. M. Tamppari L. K. Drube L. Von Holstein-Rathlou C. Madsen M. B. Fisher D. Smith P.
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, March 2009.
Numerical study of the effect of the Phoenix Mars lander on the temperature sensors.
Davis, J. A., C.F. Lange, and P.A. Taylor. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston,
March 2009. (Poster).
11
Winds at the Mars Phoenix landing site
Holstein-Rathlou, C., H. P.Gunnlaugsson, J. Merrison, P.Taylor, C. Lange, J. Davis, M. Lemmon,
and the Phoenix Science Team. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, March
2009.
Analysis of dust devils on Mars using CFD
C. F. Lange, K-C. Chen, J. A. Davis, B. T. Gheynani. American Geophysical Union, Toronto,
May 2009.
LIDAR atmospheric measurements from the surface of Mars (Invited)
Whiteway, J., M. Daly, A. Carswell, T. Duck, C. Dickinson, L. Komguem, C. Cook. American
Geophysical Union, Toronto, May 2009.
Phoenix LIDAR observations of the cloud topped boundary layer on Mars
Whiteway, J. A., L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, C. Cook, M. Illnicki, J. Seabrook, V. Popovici, T.
J. Duck, R. Davy, P. A. Taylor, J. Pathak, D. Fisher, A. I. Carswell, M. Daly, V. Hipkin, L.
Tamppari, N. Renno, J. Moores, M. T. Lemmon, F. Daerden, P. H. Smith. American Geophysical
Union, Toronto, May 2009.
Winds at the Mars Phoenix landing site
Gunnlaugsson, H. P., C. Holstein-Rathlou, J. P. Merrison, C. F. Lange, M. Lemmon, P. Nørnberg,
P. Taylor, and P. Smith. European Geophysical Union Conference, Geophys. Res. Abstracts 11 –
7208, April, 2009.
Simulations of vertically dominant flow around the wind sensor on the Phoenix Mars
Lander
Davis, J. A., C.F. Lange. , 17th Annual Conference of the CFD Society Canada, Ottawa, Canada,
May, 2009.
Winds at the Mars Phoenix landing site
Gunnlaugsson, H. P., C. Holstein-Rathlou, J. P. Merrison, K. M. Bean, B. A. Cantor, J. A. Davis,
R. Davy, N. B. Drake, M. D. Ellehoj, W. Goetz, S. F. Hviid, C. F. Lange, S. E. Larsen, M.
Lemmon, M. B. Madsen, M. Malin, J. E. Moores, P. Nørnberg, P. Smith, L. Tamppari and P. A.
Taylor. European Planetary Sciences Conference, Potsdam, Germany, 2009.
Phoenix LIDAR Atmospheric Dust Measurements on Mars
Whiteway, J., C. Dickinson, L. Komguem. Mars Dust Cycle Workshop
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field California, Sept 2009.
Measurements and modelling of clouds in the atmospheric boundary layer on Mars
Whiteway, J., F. Daerden, L. Komguem, C. Dickinson, R. Davy, P. A. Taylor.
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 2009.
LIDAR measurements of Aeolian dust: Mars and Earth
Dickinson, C. S., Davy, R., Komguem, L., Junkermann, W., Whiteway, J. A.
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American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 2009.
Phoenix Results Summary
Allan Carswell, International LIDAR Users Group Conference in Toronto June 25, 2009.
LIDAR on the Phoenix Mars mission: First results
Whiteway, J., M. Daly, A. Carswell, C. Dickinson, T. Duck, L Komguem, C. Cook Reviewed and
revised paper presented at the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, Boulder. June 2008.
Observation of Australian Desert Dust: Comparison of LIDAR and aerial in situ
measurements
Dickinson, C., J Whiteway, J. Hacker, W Junkermann, R. Mitchell, V. Popovici Reviewed and
revised paper presented at the 24th International Laser Radar Conference, Boulder,. June 2008.
Phoenix: Summer weather in Green Valley (126W, 68N ON MARS)
Taylor, P. A., Haraldur P. Gunnlaugsson, Christina Holstein-Rathlou, Carlos F. Lange, John
Moores, Clive Cook, Cameron Dickinson, Vlad Popovici, Jeff Seabrook, and James Whiteway
Presented at the Third International workshop on the Mars atmosphere: Modelling and
Observations November 10–13, 2008 Williamsburg, Virginia.
Temperature and wind data from the Phoenix MET Station and their use in estimating
turbulent heat fluxes
Davy R., Taylor P. A. Gunnlaugson H. P. Davis J. A. Lange C. F. Weng W. Presented at the
Third International workshop on the Mars atmosphere: Modelling and Observations November
10–13, 2008 Williamsburg, Virginia.
Phoenix: Dustless devils at the lander Site
Ellehøj M. D., Taylor P. A., Gunnlaugsson H. P. Gheynani B. T. Holstein-Rathlou C. Drube L.
Whiteway J., Presented at the Third International workshop on the Mars atmosphere: Modelling
and Observations November 10–13, 2008 Williamsburg, Virginia.
Phoenix LIDAR measurements of atmospheric dust and clouds (Invited)
J. Whiteway, C. Dickinson, C. Cook, L. Komguem, M. Illnicki, V. Popovici, J. Seabrook, M.
Daly, A. Carswell. Presented at the Third International workshop on the Mars atmosphere:
Modelling and Observations., November 10-13, 2008. Williamsburg, Virginia.
Temperature and pressure at the Phoenix landing site
Taylor, P A., Cook, C, Daly, M G, Davy, R , Dickinson, C., Drube, L , Ellehoj, M D, Gheynani,
B T, Gunnlaugsson, H P, Harri, A, Hipkin, V, Holstein-Rathlou, C, Kahanpaa, H, Lange, C F,
Polkko, J, Popovici, V, Renno, N, Weng, W, Whiteway, J. Presented at the AGU Annual
Meeting, San Francisco, Dec 2008.
Winds at the Phoenix landing site
Holstein-Rathlou, C , Gunnlaugsson, H P, Taylor, P , Lange, C, Moores, J , Lemmon, M,
2008, Presented at the AGU Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Dec 2008.
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Phoenix Mars lander: Vortices and dust devils at the landing site
Ellehoj, M D, Taylor, P A, Gunnlaugsson, H P, Gheynani, B T, Drube, L , Von HolsteinRathlou, C, Whiteway, J , Lemmon, M , Madsen, M B, Fisher, D , Volpe, R, Smith, P.
Presented at the AGU Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Dec 2008.
Mobile perchlorate sludge at the bed of Mars northern ice cap allows flow at low basal
temperatures: possible mechanisms for water table re-charge
Fisher, D.A, Hecht, M., Kounaves, S. and D. Catling. Presented at the AGU Annual Meeting,
San Francisco, Dec 2008.
Subsurface materials exposed at the PHOENIX landing site
Blaney, D.,Archer, D., Arvidson, R., Cull, S., Ellehoj M., Fisher, D., Hecht, M., Lemmon, M.,
Mellon, M., Morris, R., Piuke, T., Smith, P., Stocker, C., and the PHOENIX team. Presented at
the AGU Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Dec 2008.
Physical and thermodynamic evidence of liquid water on Mars
Renno, N., Bos, B.J., Catling, D., Clark, B.C., Drube, L., Fisher D., Goetz, W., Hviid, S. F.,
Keller, H.U., Kok, J.F., Kounaves , S.P., Leer, K., Lemmon, M., Madsen, M.B., Markiewicz, W.,
Marshall, J., McKay, C., Mehta, M., Smith, M., Smith, P.H., Stocker, C., Young, S.M.M., and A.
Zent. Presented at the AGU Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Dec 2008.
Magnesium perchlorate and the Mars water cycle
Hecht, M., Kounaves, S. Fisher D.A. and 4 others. Presented at the AGU Annual Meeting, San
Francisco, Dec 2008.
Observations of dust, ice water clouds and precipitation in the atmosphere of Mars
Whiteway, J., Komgeum, J.L., Dickinson, C., Cook, C., Duck, T., Taylor, P., Seabrook ,J., Fisher,
D., Carswell, A., Daly, M., Popovici, V. and the PHOENIX Team. Presented at the AGU Annual
Meeting, San Francisco, Dec 2008.
PHOENIX and MRO coordinated atmospheric science
Tamppari, L.K., Bass, D.S., Cantor, B., Daubar, I., Fisher, D., Fujii, K., Gunnlaugsson, H.P.,
Hudson, T., Kass, D., Kleinboehl, A., Lemmon, M., Mellon, M., Pankine A., Searls, M., Seelos,
F., Smrekar, S., Taylor, P., von Holstein-Rathlou, C., Whiteway, J., and M.Wolff . Presented at
the AGU Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Dec 2008.
Design of a translating vortex generator using CFD
Presentation and article by G. Altimas, J. A. Davis, K. C. Chen and C. F. Lange. 16th Annual
Conference of the CFD Society Canada, Saskatoon, Canada, 2008.
Simulation of the momentum transfer over the Phoenix Mars lander
Presentation and article by J. A. Davis and C. F. Lange. 16th Annual Conference of the CFD
Society Canada, Saskatoon, Canada, 2008.
Numerical Implications in Modeling Local Atmospheric Flows on Mars
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Presentation and article by A. Farahani and C. F. Lange. 16th Annual Conference of the CFD
Society Canada, Saskatoon, Canada, 2008.
Effect of natural convection and horizontal winds on the water vapour transport from the
Martian regolith
Presentation by C. F. Lange and A. Farahani. 37th COSPAR (Committee on Space Research)
Scientific Assembly, Montreal, Canada, 2008.
Characterization of the Canadian meteorological instruments on the Phoenix Mars Lander
using CFD
Poster by C. F. Lange and J. A. Davis. 37th COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) Scientific
Assembly, Montreal, Canada, 2008.
Effect of local atmospheric flows on water vapour transport from the Martian regolith
Presentation by A. Farahani and C. F. Lange. Mars Water Cycle Workshop, Paris, France, 2008.
The Telltale Wind Experiment for the NASA Phoenix Mars Lander 2008
C. Holstein-Ratlau, H. P. Gunnlaugsson, S. K. Jensen, C. F. Lange, M.B. Madsen, J. Merrison, P.
Nørnberg, P. Smith and the Phoenix Science Team. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10,
EGU2008-A-11861, 2008. Abstract and Poster presented at the European Geophysical Union
General Assembly 2008, Vienna, Austria.
Effect of natural convection on the mass transfer coefficient from the Martian regolith
Farahani A. and C. F. Lange. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, EGU2008-A-11316,
2008. Abstract and Poster presented at the European Geophysical Union General Assembly 2008,
Vienna, Austria.
The NASA Phoenix Mars mission
Taylor, P. CMOS Annual Congress, Kelowna, Plenary Talk, May 29, 2008.
Introduction to Phoenix
Presentation by Jim Whiteway to CSA Mars Atmosphere Discipline Working Group, York
University, March 24, 2008.
Large eddy simulation of highly convective boundary layers on Earth and Mars Gheynani,
B., CMOS Congress, St John’s May, 2007.
Modelling dust distributions in the atmospheric boundary layer on Mars
Talyor, P., CMOS Congress, St John’s May 2007.
Effective mass transfer coefficient from the Martian regolith
Farahaninia, A. and C. Lange 7th International Conference on Mars, Pasadena, CA 2007.
The effect of natural convection on the temperature of the Phoenix Lander
Davis, J. and C Lange 5th International Conference on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer,
Canmore, AB 2007.
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The effect of natural convection on the temperature measurements taken from the Phoenix
Mars Polar Lander
Davis, J. and C Lange 15th Annual Conference of the CFD Society of Canada, Toronto On.
2007.
Phoenix Project
Fisher, D., International Polar Year Conference, Ottawa, Oct 2007.
Brief to Phoenix IPY
Fisher, D. Brown University, Nov 2007.
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Public Outreach in Print
Canada Joins the Phoenix Mission to Mars A. I. Carswell Chapter 8 of “Canada’s Fifty Years
in Space” by G. Shepherd and A. Kruchio, Apogee Books, 2008.
Phoenix MET - a Weather Station on Mars by Peter Taylor, James Whiteway, Allan Carswell,
Cameron Dickinson, Mike Daly, Vicky Hipkin, David Fisher and Carlos Lange
page 43-48, CMOS Bulletin, Volume 37 No.2 April 2009. (Available electronically in March 09).
How's the Weather on Mars? J. A. Davis and C. F. Lange, ANSYS Advantage, v. 4, issue 1,
2010.
Students have hand in Mars exploration by C. Lange. Faculty of Engineering Alumni
Magazine, Mechanical Engineering Insert, Univ. of Alberta.
Public Outreach Presentations
A Laser View of the Atmosphere on Mars (or Snow on Mars)
Invited Public lectures by Jim Whiteway
York University, Event for High School Teachers, 10 November 2010
University of British Columbia, Dept of Physics, 20 September 2010
Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vancouver, 18 September 2010
Ontario Association for Remote Sensing, 17 February 2010
Royal Military College, Dept. of Physics, 15 October, 2009.
University of Western Ontario, Dept. of Physics, 2 April 2009.
Environment Canada, Toronto, 10 March 2009.
CSA Mars Atmosphere Discipline Working Group, Toronto, 18 February 2009.
Dawson College, Montreal, 2 December 2008
Canadian Space Exploration Workshop, CSA, Montreal, 1 December 2008.
York University, Dept of Physics, 28 October 2008.
Texas A&M University, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, 21 October 2008.
York University, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, 23 September 2008
York University, ESSE Department Seminar, 3 July 2008
Phoenix-MET: Canada's Weather Station on Mars.
Seminar by C. Lange to grades 4 and 5 at Faith Lutheran School, Edmonton, Alberta. 35
students. March 10, 2009.
Phoenix-MET: Canada's Weather Station on Mars.
Several seminars by C. Lange to grades 1 to 9 at Stony Plain Central School, Stony Plain,
Alberta, totalling 500 students and teachers in attendance, Feb 25, 2009.
Phoenix: Following the Water on Mars.
Invited Lecture by C. Lange “Geology of the Solar System” (EAS 206), University of Alberta.
90 students. March 26, 2009.
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Seminar to students of grades 7 to 9 participants in the First Space Academy Summer Camp at
the UofA, July 2009. 40 students was given by Prof. C. Lange.
CFD-Lab: Improving Meteorological Measurements on Mars presentation by C. Lange at 6th
Univ. of Alberta Space Exploration Symposium 2009 (Sept.25-26) co-organized by Prof. C.
Lange and featuring the PI of the Phoenix Mission, Dr. Peter Smith, as a keynote speaker.
Remote Sensing of Aerosols from Earth and Outer Space. Presentation given by J.
Freemantle to Grade 11 and 12 Physics classes at Sacred Heart CHS, Newmarket, Ontario, Dec
7, 2009 (8 + 15 students).
Phoenix, Mars glaciology,water cycle and isotopes. Summer 2009; David Fisher lecturer at
ESA/NASA summer school for extreme biology, which was held in Iceland.
Mars glaciology Winter 2009. David Fisher gave 1 hour lecture to Glenn Milne’s class about
Mars glaciology. University of Ottawa.
Phoenix overview and tutorial by Allan Carswell to Grade 5 Class in Toronto (~25 students)
June 16, 2009.
Phoenix overview by Allan Carswell to U of T Alumni Group in Mississauga (~125 attendees)
October 18, 2009.
The Phoenix Mission: A Maple Leaf on Mars Peter Taylor, Presented to
Royal Canadian Institute, Noel Ryan Auditorium, Mississauga Central Library 2008.
The Phoenix Mission. J. Freemantle Presented at the World Science Congress, Ontario Science
Centre, Toronto, June 17, 2008.
Café Scientifique, The Race to Mars: Should we go? J. Freemantle York University May 10,
2008.
The Phoenix Mission. Peter Taylor. Presentation to the Toronto Branch of The Canadian Space
Society at the Toronto Aerospace Museum, May 20, 2008.
The Phoenix Mission. J. Freemantle. Presented at “Science Rendezvous” at York University
May 10, 2008.
The Phoenix Mission. J. Freemantle. Presented at the Ontario Science Center at a special
landing day event May 2008.
The Phoenix Mission. J. Freemantle. Presented at special landing day event at UTIAS
University of Toronto, May 2008.
The Phoenix Mission. J. Freemantle. Presentation to the Gr 3-6 Lego Club at St. Thomas
Aquinas CES Keswick, May 22, 2008.
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The Phoenix Mission: Initial Results. Peter Taylor. Presented to MENSA – Toronto September
18, 2008.
A Summer on Mars Presentation to four different groups of engineers, technologists and
general public by Allan Carswell, Nov 6, 7, 12 and 20 2008 .
Dr. Allan Carswell participated in a presentation to the Canadian Aviation Historical Society in
Toronto, 2008.
Phoenix Mars Lander Mission. Invited Lecture by C. Lange at the course “Geology of the
Solar System” (EAS 206), Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, March 2008.
Approx. 70 students March 13, 2008.
Landed Operations of the Phoenix Mars Lander, talk by C. Lange at the Northern Prairie
Starfest of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada – Edmonton Centre. 25 amateur
astronomers. Sept 6, 2008.
“Landed Operations of the Phoenix Mars Lander” and “Estimating the Effect of Winds on
the Canadian Meteorological Station MET on the Phoenix Mars Lander”, talks by C. Lange
at the 5th Annual University of Alberta Space Exploration Symposium. 50 students and general
public. Sept 26, 2008.
Surface Operations of the Phoenix Mars Lander, talk by C. Lange at the Royal Astronomical
Society of Canada – Calgary Centre. Attendance: 120 amateur astronomers, Oct , 16, 2008.
Phoenix-MET: Canada's Weather Station on Mars, talk by C. Lange at the University of
Calgary's Department of Geoscience's Friday Afternoon Talk Series (FATS). Attendance: 60
students and faculty members, Oct 17, 2008.
The Phoenix Mission to Mars Allan Carswell. Presentation to group of senior engineers,
Toronto. May 24, 2007.
The Phoenix Mission to Mars Allan Carswell. Presentation to Grade 6 Class June 18, 2007.
Remote Sensing of Aerosols J. Freemantle Presentation to High School Science Class
Sacred Heart CHS, Newmarket, June 12, 2007.
Remote Sensing of Aerosols Jim Freemantle. Presentation to Grade 3-6 Lego Club St. Thomas
Aquinas CES May 25, 2007.
The Phoenix Mission to Mars Jim Whiteway. Presentation to Kindergarden Class, May 2007.
The Phoenix Mission to Mars Peter Talyor RCI Gala Dinner, April 26, 2007.
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Phoenix: Following the Water on Mars C. Lange. Presentation to Grade 9 Honour math
students from Mackenzie Junior High, Edmonton. May 2007.
Phoenix: Following the Water on Mars C. Lange. Invited Lecture for course “ Geology of the
Solar System” (EAS 206) University of Alberta March 2007.
The Phoenix Mission David Fisher NRCan “Fun Fair” October 2007.
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