Scientists utilize Bernoulli principle to ‘lift’ aircrafts against the Earth’s
gravity but I am sure they don’t really understand how this principle works.
If they had, they would have realized long ago that it is the same principle
that underlies the mystery of gravity. And Bernoulli principle would have
become much more famous than Newton’s laws and wouldn’t have let
Einstein’s theories distort our understanding of Gravity.
Bernoulli principle as understood by physicists states that ‘the pressure
exerted by a fluid decreases as its velocity increases’. In other words, as a
fluid moves faster, it exerts less pressure. Some physicists think that it is
the law of conservation of energy that underlies the Bernoulli principle;
while others attribute it to Newton’s 2nd law. That just highlights the
physicist’s ignorance on not just Bernoulli Effect but also on the laws which
they try to make use of to explain Bernoulli Effect. The fact is that we need
neither of them to understand how Bernoulli principle works. What we need
is just common sense.
To correctly explain Bernoulli’s effect we must first correctly understand
about pressure. Pressure is defined as force per unit area. We know that
force is a vector which means that a force is not just a quantity but also has
a direction. For example if someone says ‘‘a force of 1Newton is applied on
the ball’’, it conveys little meaning because we need to mention in what
direction that said force is applied to make sense. There could be a number
of forces acting simultaneously on a body from many directions, but the
sum total of all the forces is what decides the final force vector and hence
the direction of work. Because pressure is nothing but force, it implies that
pressure is also a vector. So whenever we talk about pressure, it makes
again no sense if we just say 1 Pascal or 2 Pascals and not mention the
direction of pressure. This fact is often ignored or forgotten when physicists
talk about pressure. Pressure i.e. the force exerted by a body, can be
different in different directions. For example a book lying on a table may
exert a downward pressure of 1pascal but it exerts no pressure in the
upward direction or laterally. And we all know that the pressure exerted by
water inside a container on the earth is not same in all directions.
Having realized that pressure is a vector; now we will go on to understand
what pressure means at a deeper level. We know that a gas or a liquid
exerts pressure on the walls of its container. But what is the fundamental
mechanism that underlies the phenomenon of pressure? In other words
from where does that force which we feel as pressure come? For this we
will have to go to the kinetic theory of gases which states that the pressure
of a gas is caused by collisions of its molecules against the walls of the
container. The sum of the impacts per unit area of a wall is what we
measure as the pressure applied upon that wall or in that direction.
We ‘know’ that the molecules or the atoms of a gas are in a state of random
motion and collide with each other and with the walls of the container.
Random motion implies that the molecules of a gas move equally in all
directions (or in other words there is no net movement) and hence collide
equally with all the walls and exert equal pressure in all directions. This is
probably the reason why physicists ignore direction when they talk about
pressure.
It is may be true that a gas inside a balloon exerts equal pressure in all
directions in some situations, for example in the outer space and away from
the celestial bodies when there is no ‘external influence’ upon the gas
particles. But in the vicinity of earth, the effect of gravity can make the
molecules move faster toward the bottom wall of a container and hence we
may expect a little more pressure exerted upon that wall. (More over the
term ‘random motion’ is only true at a gross level. If we magnify things and
look deeply into the microcosm we would probably appreciate a highly
ordered motion of the molecules and will be able to appreciate the slight
differences in pressure in different directions)
In summary,
1) Pressure is nothing but force exerted per unit area of a surface
2) Pressure is a vector quantity
3) It is collisions of particles against a surface which manifests as pressure
upon that surface.
Now imagine a container ‘filled’ with some gas. The gas molecules or
particles move randomly and collide with the walls of the container. As
discussed earlier, the sum of the impacts per unit area of a wall is what we
measure as pressure upon that wall. If we ignore gravity and other external
influences, the gas molecules collide equally against all the walls and
hence exert equal pressure in all the directions i.e. on all the walls of the
container. Now let’s remove the left and right walls of the container and
make the gas to flow through the box in the rightward direction. Obviously
the gas particles no longer move ‘randomly’ in all directions but move
‘preferentially’ towards the right. So the number of collisions against the
top, bottom and other remaining walls of the container diminish. The result
is that we measure less pressure being exerted by the gas on these
remaining walls of the container. And the faster a gas flows in a given
direction, the lesser the number of collisions on the side walls and hence
the lesser the sideward pressure.
!
The gas particles collide equally against all the walls
and hence exert equal pressure in all directions
!
The gas particles are no longer in random motion but are moving preferentially toward the right.
So they impinge less often upon the sidewalls and hence exert less pressure sideward. The
particles obviously exert more pressure towards the right.
The statement that a fast moving fluid exerts less pressure makes no
sense. The truth is that it exerts less pressure only on the side walls (i.e. in
the perpendicular direction). If we place a pressure gauge just opposite to
the flow of gas, we will realize that it actually exerts much higher pressure
in the direction of flow. (And obviously much lower pressure in the opposite
direction)
Now imagine a body suspended in a tank of still water. Obviously the water
particles keep colliding with the body on all its sides with equal force. In
other words the water exerts equal pressure on all the sides of the body.
And because there is no net force acting upon it, the body remains still and
suspended inside the water.
!
Now imagine that there exists another body in the vicinity and which starts
spinning vigorously. The body obviously stirs the water around it and
induces circular currents in the water tank. Obviously the water particles
that are closer to the spinning body get stirred faster than the ones that are
farther away.
How would this scenario influence the first body?
1
2
3
the body which was still before starts moving in the direction of the
water currents
it starts spinning (in the opposite direction to that of the ‘inducer’)
and it gets dragged towards the second body (why?)
!
Now replace water tank with Ether universe. Imagine a body suspended in
still Ether. Imagine Earth nearby and allow it to spin. That explains gravity.
http://debunkingrelativity.com/gravity-and-bernoullis-principle/
http://debunkingrelativity.com/2015/11/06/demystifying-electromagnetism/