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U.S. Congressional districts in 1948
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Democratic share of vote for Congress
U.S. Congressional districts in 1988
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Democratic share of vote for Congress
1.0
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Left-wing
D
M
R
Right-wing
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Congressmember’s ideology score
-0.5
0.0
0.5
Republicans
Democrats
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Democratic vote for President in the district
0.9
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