Pollution haven hypothesis and Environmental impacts of foreign direct investment: The Case of Industrial Emission of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in Chinese provinces Jie He To cite this version: Jie He. Pollution haven hypothesis and Environmental impacts of foreign direct investment: The Case of Industrial Emission of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in Chinese provinces. 2005.06. 2011. <halshs-00564699> HAL Id: halshs-00564699 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00564699 Submitted on 9 Feb 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 Document de travail de la série Etudes et Documents Ec 2005.06 Pollution haven hypothesis and Environmental impacts of foreign direct investment: The Case of Industrial Emission of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) in Chinese provinces Jie HE CERDI Université d’Auvergne 65 Boulevard de F. Mitterrand 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France Tel: 00.33.4.73.17.74.23 Fax: 00.33.4.73.17.74.28 Email: [email protected] (Feb 9th 2005) 38 p. CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 ! $ %& $ ) '( % "# " "* '( % +, '( % -" -&&, $ ". $ / 0 $ "1 " / " 2 '( % $ CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 ! " # $% &' # 3 +&&- 4 " 5 6 ' "1 (7 "1 (7 3%--84 %--9 :9" : 6 6' ' 38- ; 6' 4 :-- " 38< 6' 4 %: 6' "3''. %--84 +&<= + 5 . +&&9" ! "(7 3%--84 $ ! $ 3 > " + 4 $ %: "1 ! +&=-$"1 +&&-$ CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 %?9 7 ! 0 1 $ 37014 @ + " * A' $ A 1 ! $ "# 3'( %4 %& +&&8 %--+ "# "# ;BB 3+&&=4 ' # 3+&&C4 . ! ! B . " ; 3;BB4 " # " "' 9 "# "# ' ' C" + " :" CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 $' ( ) ! B $ "# / $ % " # $ / / $ $ 9 " . " $ " " * * 3+&&<4 5 <-,"D $ % # ; 3%---4 ' ' 3+&&%4 F * 3%--+4 G ". 3+&=: +&== +&=&4 ; 3+&&% +&&C4 . 3+&&C4 E E 3%--%4 F 6" '"# E F B 3+&&+4 3%--+4 F 3%--94 "B "# "B ; 3%--94 > 9 # E HI $ G " # 3+&&+4 B * B B D " E 3%--%4 6' " 3%--%4 . B 7 %% CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 "3 +&=+ +&<& ; 4# (7 "3J / +&=< > $ "+&&:4' K 0 30 G L F +&&&4"# +&&:) / $ "3J $/ +&&:4 $ " # "( / $ 3 / +&&%4"( $ M "3B * +&&<4; " "> N M N CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 8 " ; ) "1 37 > +&&<) " 4 "# $ ! 3 B F +&&<4) " "B " # "# 3 4 3 3 ! 4 4 ; 3+&&:4 "( 3 4 8 7 ! 4 3 "1 > 3+&&<4 " HI $ D B CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 "( " 3F %--+) 3# %--% %--%) %--84 F F * %--8 3# P F %--94 O E %--84"' $ "( / $ $ "( $ " # 3+&&8 +&&<4 1 "3%--+4 " # "# " " ; $ F E ! "* 3%---4 CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 ! *' " #$ # %: " % '( % : %--+" 9- "# ; 0 "* ; 0 '( % "# '( % ! ; " 1 '( % > 5 ' 5 '( % 3 % Q '( % " 4 9 '( % "7 6! "( :# +&&- " CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 # " 3 +' 9 4 , ( - '( % " 1 3+&&=4" "> M N " '( % : ! " 3+4 3%4 394 384 3:4 Ω τ ! CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 " # " # " # ! ! # ! !!" # $ %" ! ! ' & !! % # (& " Ω *& ! > . & !# & & %" # & & ! & !! ! #! ) ) # 0" %" τ 0 && * *& & & # & $+ & !! # & % + # & !! ) # ! + $ # ! , )! . τ %" # ! + )" + !% & !! Ω # % & & !! & Ω & )/ & + !) $+ # + ! #! " # ) < # ! " 3+&=94 ! 3%4" ! "# ! 3%4 ! 3C4" $ CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 ! δ" ' 2 F >F E >E 7 >7 "1 3+&=94 $ $ $ "# 3C4 ! ! 3%4 1 ! " 3%4 $ "# % ! " ! 2 " $ "# 394"# M τ N " "* &' τ() "# &' "()" " CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 # ! 384 ! "1 ! "3F R +&&8)' ' +&&:4* " 5 $ "# $ # 7+ 3T 4"0 ) T S-"; *)"# ! ! " 7! 3:4 # " 3+&&:4 1 "3%--+4 ! $ "' τ F "* τ $ + "1 / + $ T " + S-" CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 8 "# ! " "( " 3 8 4 # "# "# " +, - - . - - - . . 1 /, - 0, 2, - - - 3, 3U4 34 3U4 - CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 # 5 "* 2 1 # 2 ! ! " "* ! "# "( ". ! 3+V4 3:V4 3<4 3E 4 9 2 34 3 8 4 " # $ "# "# "# 5 " U ( # $ && ' ( "" # %( # % $#%& 3<4 "" # ( # #+ ./ "" # #+% # , # )( * + CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 0 ( # 1 , 2 (% 2" (,% 0 # , 2 3 #+% ( # ( )/&% %& 1 , 2 0 * ( # (% 2" (,% ( " (# , "" # : "# "# $ "# ! "# " 3 : 4 .' 4 # $ +&&8 %--+ " $ "# ! " ' $ %: $ "# +&&% +&&8 %--+ " $ CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 " +5 ! # '( % # ! " '( % "# 3#'04 "1 +&&"' '( % "# M N "; $ '( % "# '( % C " "* 4 4 4 " ; 0 +9 6 +9 <= +&&+" 6 < > # B"E" +9 3 5 '( % 6) C "# ! #"B"' 2 3%---4 '(% 7 ' " T +&=& %--%4 CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 3E?F4 1 "3%--+4 "3%--94 # 3+&&8 +&&:4 3%--84 " ! "6 3E?F4 " 3%---4 > 3%--94 $ M N3 %---4 "# +9 " +9 &=, ; 0 " 1 / $ $ 37 +&&<)E F +&&&)' * %--+ $ M# 7 7 F > %--- "# Q 3#7Q 4N ! = E 5 F "6 M =-, N3 " 4"> +&&&4"1 +&&-$ 3%--%4 " CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 #7Q "* 3%--%4 ! " " ! =-, " "# '( % $ " # ! +&&$ $ ! "1 ! 3:V4 " / 5 7! # # "# +&&"0 "# CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 $ " # + "1 " 3 # + 4 # 5 . "# "( "( ". ;BB . 1 > . 3+&=%4 ! 3+&&=4 1 . ! " 3+&&+4"# "1 1 3+&&+4" # ! 8 79 79 : 6 5 5 "ε "* 5 5 : : 8 : ; 79 79 "# 3+&=%4 . : 6 5 5 . 1 . 3+&&+4 : "# 5 . 3+&&=4 1 > CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 ". : ./ 1 : 1 . > 3+&=%4 . . 3+&&+4 : % 9 8 W + " 1 . $ . . 3+&&=4 "M# ;BB 1 . " N 3. %--94 ! "# : ./ + .0 ./ . 8 .0 / .0 + . .2 8 # / . + " "1 # ' 5 54 ! "* ; 5 4 B B 3;BB4 "> ;BB . "F ' # . ;BB . 3+&&C4 P 3+&CC4 CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 ! ;BB " # " # ' 3+&&C4 " ;BB " ! " 3 # # % 4 % "# "B "# > 3+&<=4 J ! "1 ! ! "# ;BB # # ! " % '(% ; "# " CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 '( & " ! # "# -" C&9 3E 4 "; % -" %9+ ; 0 -" %9+×-" C&9X-" +C, +, " +, -" 98:,$ "( ; 0 $ +, ; 0 -" :-:,"# "3+&&:4 -" C9:"# "# +" :, # "# "1 "# & +- δ?3 +Uδ4X-" -8& δX-" -:" " CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 "> $ "( +, -" +9+, $ # # " % $ "* 3+" -%<4 $ 3-" +<C4"# 7E $ 3> %--94 +&&- * * 3+&&C4 $ * . 3%---4"1 "( "# N "# M N $ "* "# "# "# ++ " " . 2 3 4( & M CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 "# ! " "' '( % ! "# ! "* $ "# 3Y-" -+%4 ! $ 3 C / " 4 C '( % "# '( % -" -&&,"# " /' +,$ $ CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 '( % "* ? 2 ! " # 1 * $ %& 3%--+4 $ '( % " '( % " " +, '( % -" -&&, $ " . $ / N "1 '( % / $ " 0 1 7 1 #" "> +=2 C< =%" * "." " &+3842=<< &-=" +&=%" B" '"# "J %--+" # ; # 7 A1 7 CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec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tudes et Documents, Ec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tudes et Documents, Ec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tudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 &' 1 # 1 " 1 '(% ; 0 +-& T Ω ' τ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tudes et Documents, Ec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×+-+< 3 %"1 +"VVV &&, VV &:, V &-," ! ;BB ! * " 9"# ! > ! " 8"1 * 3%--%4 0%=% %=9" #% <8 :"# ! 2 = <8< (( ( X9 8 W #)X+ % W P"* Y-" : " J ;BB +%8" &9X-" <+=×+<8 +C-" &< C" <" % "B ' %+-3 +" ---" J "; 4 % " '( % " ! $ 20 03 20 01 19 99 19 97 19 95 19 93 19 91 19 89 19 87 19 85 19 79 -1 98 3 !"# CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 < < < < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 #( ,-&#. "$% ' ' 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ) (# (# (# (# 5 5 5 & & 6 % & % & 78# "$% &#.. ' #() "$% 9 :, ; * ) %++ 6 (% "$% CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 SHANGAI 16291.2 × 9?87$9=5 $9==,> × >?@ AAA E:F C> F:D B C: AAA NINGXIA 29.9789 9?87$9= @ C; : EF BEIJING TIANJIN HEBEI SHANDONG GUIZHOU SHAANXI LIAONING GUANGXI GUANGDON JIANGSU Sichuan+ GANSU ZHEJIANG FUJIAN GUANGDON XINJIANG JILIN HUBEI HEILONGJ HEBEI XINJIANG INNER MO ANHUI SHANXI JIANGXI HUNAN QINGHAI HENAN GUANGXI NINGXIA SHAANXI Sichuan+ YUNNAN GANSU 1709.91 GUIZHOU BEIJING HUNAN HENANHUBEI YUNNAN JILIN JIANGXI HEILONGJ ANHUI QINGHAI hainan FUJIAN hainan 2.42249 1.40695 85.4767 fdi_gdp 1.40695 NINGXIA C: E:F : SO2PC-FDIK/GDP ×$9==,@ ;' =,> SHANXI 85.4767 fdi_gdp FDIK/GDP-GDPPC 29.9789 @?D AAA F:D SHANGAI JIANGSU LIAONING SHANDONG : INNER MO TIANJIN ZHEJIANG × 9?87$9=@ ;' =,>5 SHANXI D: A hainan 85.4767 F:D ×A +) @ :@ : CC AA 9?8>5 B CC AAA GUANGDON E:F ; F:D FUJIAN TIANJIN INNER MO TIANJIN SHANGAI SHANGAI HEBEI GUIZHOU SHAANXI GUANGXI Sichuan+ GANSU SHANDONG JIANGSU LIAONING BEIJING JIANGSU ZHEJIANG GUANGDON XINJIANG HUNAN HENAN HUBEI JILIN YUNNAN JIANGXI HEILONGJ ANHUI QINGHAI BEIJING GUANGXI SHANDONG FUJIAN 1709.91 HUBEI SHAANXI HUNAN HEBEI JIANGXI HENAN SHANXI ANHUI MO NINGXIAINNER GUIZHOU YUNNAN GANSU XINJIANG 1.40695 gdppc 16291.2 .014059 SO2PC-GDPPC ( *' ZHEJIANG Sichuan+ hainan 2.42249 LIAONING JILIN HEILONGJ QINGHAI envregso2 .15409 FDIK-Env Regulation 8( 8 #$ "$44&% CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 + /0 τ ! #! 1 9? ) 2 ) # " /" 30 ? / ! ' & 2 #(4 ' Ω 2 CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 8 # % 4 4 4 " 7 ↑ . ↑ ↑ & ↑ ' GH ↓ 9 & ;&! !+ ↓ 6 ↑ 0 1 #(↑ 5 7 ↓ ' ∆ /2 ' ∆ !" > @ $#%& 9( "" # #$ @ # , 2 "" # @ # , 2 ' "" # #( : ' #+ ./ "" # CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 % 4 4 4 " 7 % ↑ +%3%× ×+9+95 + %%5 . ↑ & ↑ ↑ × & ↓5 9 ;&! !+ < . ! ' × <> < % 6 ↑ × <> ↓ +:+;×++ 5 +++:5 < 0 1 7 #(↑ 5 % ↓ 4+ 9×+9 ;5 ++<+5 ' ' ↑+ :5 , & & !! /2 ↑ +:+;×+ : 5 ++3+5 !" > ::J @ 1 , $#%& <# ' B ! #( . ! B J ' 5 C J5 #+ ./ ;J > # , : DDJ %& #I CERDI, Etudes et Documents, Ec 2005.06 !' ( "&79*% 3+&=94 > 2 >" " + 6 2 ' 2 * 9 9∈ K " " 2 × × # $ " " C
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz