ANALISTA DE SISTEMAS
INFORMATICOS
MODULO DE INGLES TECNICO
S.E.C.(Secretaría de Cultura y Capacitación)- Instituto Raúl Scalabrini OrtizBmé. Mitre 970 5º piso- 1036- Capital Federal- Tel: 4342-2357- E-mail: [email protected]
1.
" Education is not a matter of filling a pail but of lighting a fire"
William Butler Yeats.
Dear students,
It is of paramount importance to study the English language. Why?
Because you need to communicate. Communication is an essential activity for any
human being. Within a frame of globalization,this idea emerges as an undeniable reality.
The budding 21th century is already unfolding. The world has changed dramatically in the
last decade and unquestionably the English language has, more than ever before, become
a vital tool to develop any kind of activity for say professional, business, academic or
social purposes.
The English language is universal. The computer language is universal as well.
Needless to say, they already co-exist and one could not survive without the other, at
this point they need each other. This is a fact. Therefore,the professional career you
have chosen, enhances communication. You have chosen a major that, if properly studied,
developed and accomplished, will turn you into a successful top-notch professional with
the ability to fly freely, that is with the capacity to become a fully-fledged human being.
Don't you think this is a wonderful objective to be pursued? Don't you think this could
be an outstanding achievement for anybody? Make a serious decision and try hard. Light
the fire. The fire of WILL is what matters.The rest will come automatically. You have an
appointment with the world, don't be late!
I really wish you good luck and Happy English Lessons!
With warm regards,
Dr. Alicia Ramasco
Unidad I
Contenidos (Contents):
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Sustantivos comunes (Nouns)
Plurales y singulares (Plurals and singulars)
Artículos (Articles)
Pronombres personales
Verb “to be” (Positivo, Interrogativo y Negativo)
This/ That/ These/ Those (Demostrativos)
There is/ There are (Hay)
Palabras interrogativas (Who/What/Where/When, etc…)
Objetivos:
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Comprender algunos sustantivos comunes y usarlos en oraciones.
Conocer estos sustantivos en singular y plural
Usar correctamente el artículo “the”
Conjugar correctamente el verbo “to be” en sus tres formas (Positivo, interrogativo y
negativo)
Formular oraciones simples utilizando el verbo “to be” en sus tres formas.
Utilizar correctamente los pronombres demostrativos.
Expresarse correctamente usando las estructuras “there is, there are”
Formular preguntas con las distintas palabras interrogativas: who, what, where,
when, how, how many, etc…
Unidad I
Hello! Welcome to the English course!
Quizás tu crees no conocer nada de Inglés. Sin embargo ya conoces las siguientes
palabras internacionales (International words)
BAR- CINEMA- CLUB- COFFEE- ENGLISH- FOOTBALL- HAMBURGER- HOTELJEANS- PIZZA- RESTAURANT- ROCK- SANDWICH- TAXI- TENNIS- VIDEO
(Listen and repeat several times)
Others words
Singular
Table
Pencil
Ruler
Book
Umbrella
Plural
Tables
Pencils
Rulers
Books
Umbrellas
Articles
The (el/la/los/las)
Examples:
The flowers
The flower
The student
The students
The street
The school
The hotel
(las flores)
(la flor)
(el estudiante)
(los estudiantes)
(la calle)
(la escuela)
(el hotel)
Personal pronouns
It (esto)
I (yo)
You (tú, usted)
We (nosotros)
He (él)
You (vosotros)
She (ella)
They (ellos)
Positive
Verb “to be” (ser o estar)
Negative
Interrogative
I am
I am not
Am I?
You are
You are not
Are you?
He is
He is not
Is he?
She is
She is not
Is she?
It is
It is not
Is it?
We are
We are not
Are we?
You are
You are not
Are you?
They are
They are not
Are they?
Examples:
I am Paul. I am 25 years old.
I am a student. I am at home now.
Yo soy Pablo. Tengo 25 años. (El verbo “to be” se usa para expresar la edad)
Yo soy estudiante. Yo estoy en casa ahora.
Dialogue 1
Student A: Hello!
Student B: Hello!
A: How are you?
B: I’m fine, thank you.
(o I am)
Dialogue 2
Martin: Hello!
Laura: Hello!
Laura: What is your name?
Martin: Martin, What’s yours?
Laura: I’m Laura. How old are you?
Martin: I´m fourteen. What about you?
Laura: I’m fifteen. Are you Argentine?
Martin: Yes, I am. And You?
Laura: I’m Argentine too.
Martin: Where are you from?
Laura: I’m from Salta.
Martin: Oh! I’m from Tucumán. It’s near Salta.
Laura: Yes, it is indeed!
En general, para el lenguaje hablado se usa la contracción o “contractions”
I’m
You’re
He’s
She’s
It’s
We’re
You’re
They’re
Mini dialogues
A: Are you tired? (cansado)
B: Yes, I am
A: Are you tired? (cansado)
B: No, I’m not but I’m hungry (hambriento)
A: Is this seat free? (seat: asiento/free: libre)
B: Yes, it is
A: Where are you from?
B: I am from Bs. As.
A: How old are you?
B: I am 20 (twenty)
A: What’s your surname? (apellido)
B: My surname is Gonzalez
A: What’s your address? (dirección)
B: My address is 259 Arenales street
A: Are you married? (casado)
B: No I´m not. I’m single (soltero)
Exercise Nº 1
1.
Complete the chart about yourself
NAME: ____________________________________________
SURNAME:_________________________________________
AGE:____________________
NATIONALITY: ______________________________________
OCCUPATION:________________________________________
MARITAL STATUS:____________________________________
ADDRESS:__________________________________________
ID NUMBER: ____________________________________
TEL. NUMBER: ________________________________________
2. Now write sentences:
My name is ____________________________________________
My surname is _________________________________________
I am ____________________________ years old
I am ________________________________________ (Nationality)
I am _______________________________________(Occupation)
I am ______________________________________(Single/ married)
My address is __________________________________________
My ID number is ______________________________________
My tel. Number is _________________________________________
Exercise Nº 2
Write questions from these words. Use am – is – are
Example:
1.
Your mother at home: Is your mother at home?
2. Your parents at home: _____________________?
3. This hotel expensive:_______________________?
4. You interested in art: _______________________?
5. The shops open today: ______________________?
6. The park open today:________________________?
Exercise Nº 3
Turn into the negative
Example:
1.
My mother isn’t at home
My mother is at home
2. My parents are at home
____________________
3. This hotel is expensive
____________________
4. I am interested in art
____________________
5. The shops are open today
____________________
6. The park is open today
____________________
Exercise Nº 4
Answer these questions (contestar) (yes-no)
1.
Are you married?
2. Are you tall?
Tall: alto
3. Are you a teacher?
4. Is it cold today?
Cold: frío
5. Are you tired?
6. Is it dark now?
Dark: oscuro
7. Are your hands cold?
Hands: manos
8. Are you hungry?
Hungry: hambriento
9. Is your father tall?
10. Is it sunny?
Sunny: soleado
Exercise Nº 5
Write complete sentences. Use a- is- are
Example:
1.
My shoes are very dirty
My shoes/very dirty
2. My bed/ comfortable
__________________________
3. Your cigarettes /in your bag
__________________________
4. I /not very happy today
__________________________
5. The houses in this street/very old
__________________________
6. The flowers/beautiful
__________________________
7. The examination/not difficult
__________________________
Palabras interrogatorias
What?
Qué?
Who?
Quién?
Where?
Dónde?
Why?
Por qué?
When?
Cuándo?
How?
Cómo?
How old?
Qué edad tienes?
Examples:
1.
What is your name?
My name is Juan
2. Who is in the kitchen?
Mother is in the kitchen
3. Where is your house?
My house is near the school
4. When is your birthday?
My birthday is in June
5. How are you?
I am fine, thank you
6. Why are you tired?
Because (porque para contestar) the exercise is long
7. How old are you?
I am 24 years old
Exercise Nº 6
Translate into English
1.
Mi nombre es Mike Evans
My name is Mike Evans__________
2. Mi apellido es Evans
________________________________
3. Mi dirección es Alberdi 269
________________________________
4. Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
________________________________
5. Cuántos años tienes?
________________________________
6. Eres casado o soltero?
________________________________
7. Mi amigo es argentino, es de Salta
________________________________
8. Estás cansado?
________________________________
9. Cuál es tu número de documento?
________________________________
10. Los negocios no están abiertos hoy
________________________________
Demonstrative Pronouns
(Pronombres demostrativos)
This is my dog
(Este es mi perro)
(Singular)
(Cercano)
That is my car
(Ese es mi auto)
(Singular)
(Lejano)
These are my friends
(Estos son mis amigos)
(Plural)
(Cercano)
Those are my friends
(Esos son mis amigos)
(Plural)
(Lejano)
Exercise Nº 7
Complete using: “This, these, that, those”
1.
__________________ is my house
2. __________________ are my students
3. __________________are my pencils
4. __________________is my wife (esposa)
5. __________________are my books
6. __________________is my computer
There is /There are
La expresión “there is” se traduce como “Hay” en singular
Examples:
There is a book on the table
There is a car in the street
There is a pupil at school
La expresión “there are” se traduce como “Hay” pero se usa en el plural
Examples:
There are 3 books on the table
There are 4 cars in the street
There are 3 pupils at school
Para preguntar, la expresión “there is” se invierte:
Is there a book on the table?
Is there a car in the street?
Is there a pupil at school?
Para negar: (Negative form)
Examples:
There is not (isn’t) a book on the table
There isn’t a car in the street
There isn’t a pupil at school.
Lo mismo ocurre con la expresión “there are”
Examples:
Are there any books on the table?
Are there any cars in the street?
Are there any pupils at school?
Para negar (Negative form)
Examples:
There aren´t any books on the table.
There aren’t any cars in the street
There aren’t any pupils at school
(“any” se traduce como “algunos” para el Interrogativo y Negativo)
(“some” se traduce como “algunos” para el Afirmativo)
Exercise Nº 8
Read these words. Use your dictionary if necessary. Listen and repeat.
Apples
Manzana
Newspaper
Periódico
Orange juice
Jugo de naranja
Bread
Pan
Cheese
Queso
Biscuits
Galletitas
Sugar
Azúcar
Toothpaste
Pasta dental
Tickets
Boletos
Stamps
Estampillas
Tomatoes
Tomates
Coffee
Café
Postcards
Postales
Cigarettes
Cigarrillos
Wine
Vino
Bag
Cartera
Shoes
Zapatos
Butter
Manteca
Guide books
Guía de ciudad
Suncream
Bronceador
Grapes
Uvas
Dress
Vestido
T-shirt
Remera
Map
Mapa
Magazine
Revista
Soap
Jabón
Hotel bill
Cuenta de hotel
Restaurant bill
Cuenta de restaurant
Water
Agua
Icecream
Helado
Please, look at the picture and answer the questions:
Are there any apples in the picture?
No, there aren’t any apples in the picture
Is there any orange juice ____________________________?
Yes, there is some orange juice, in the picture
Is there a guide book in the picture?
Yes, there is a guide book in the picture
Is there a car in the picture?
No, there isn’t a car in the picture
Are there any grapes in ____________________________?
No, there aren’t any grapes in the picture
Is there a map ______________________________________?
Yes, there is a map in the picture
Are there any shoes in the _________________________?
Yes, there are 2 shoes in the picture
You continue: answer the questions
Key to the exercises (Respuestas a los ejercicios)
Free (libre)
Ex.1:
Ex.2:
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Are your parents at home?
Is this hotel expensive?
Are you interested in art?
Are the shops open today?
Is the park open today?
Ex.3:
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
My parents aren´t at home
This hotel isn’t expensive
I am not interested in art
The shops aren’t open today
The park isn’t open today
Free (libre)
Ex.4:
Ex.5:
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
My bed is very comfortable
Your cigarettes are in your bag
I am not very happy today
The shops are not open today
The houses are very old
The flowers are beautiful
The examination is not difficult
Ex.6:
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
My surname is Evans
My address is 269 Alberdi Street
When is your birthday?
How old are you?
Are you married or single?
My friends is Argentinian, he is from Salta
Are you tired?
What is your ID number?
The shops are open today
Ex.7:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
This
Those
These
That
These
This
Ex.8:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
No, there aren’t any biscuits…
Yes, there are some cigarettes…
Yes, there is a T-shirt in …
No, there isn’t a soap…
Yes, there is some water…
No, there isn’t any coffe…
No, there isn’t any butter…
No, there aren’t any coins…
Unidad I: Actividad Integradora
Answer these questions:
1.
What’s your name?
2. What’s your surname?
3. How old are you?
4. What’s your occupation?
5. What’s your nationality?
6. Are you married or single?
7. What’s your address?
8. What’s your telephone number?
Write questions
1.
Paul is at work
Is Paul at work?
2. Robert is an engineer
3. The children are in the park
4. That restaurant is very expensive
5. I am interested in English
Write in the negative
1.
There is some coffee in the kitchen
2. There are some oranges in the picture
3. We are near the airport
4. They are at the club now
5. You are a good student
6. My address is 237 Warren Road
7. Tom’s telephone number is 4767-2383
What does A say? Complete:
1.
A: _________________________________________
B: I’m a student
2. A:__________________________________________
B: Yes, I am. My husband’s name is Pedro
3. A:__________________________________________
B: 29 Newmarket Road
4. A:__________________________________________
B: I’m 24 years old
5. A:__________________________________________
B: It’s 4593-4782
6. A:__________________________________________
B: Yes, there are some apples in the kitchen
7. A:__________________________________________
B: No, there isn´t any sugar
8. A:__________________________________________
B: No, there isn’t a book on the table
Ahora, chequea en la página siguiente, si puedes cumplir los objetivos de la Unidad 1
Key to the test
1)
2)
3)
4)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
My name is ____________________________________
My surname is _________________________________
I am _______________________ years old
I am a student
I am __________________
I am __________________
My address is ______________________
My telephone number is _______________________
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is Robert an engineer?
Are the children in the park?
Is that restaurant very expensive?
Are you interested in English?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
There isn’t any coffee…
There aren’t any oranges…
We aren’t…
They aren’t…
You aren’t..
My address isn’t …
Tom’s telephone number isn’t
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What’s your occupation?
Are you married?
What’s your address?
How old are you?
What’s your telephone number?
Are there any apples in …?
Is there any sugar?
Is there a book on the table?
Unidad II
Contenidos (Contents):
9
9
9
9
9
Can- May
The Present Continuous Tense
Adjetivos
Comparativos y Superlativos
The Simple Present Tense
Objetivos:
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Formular oraciones utilizando los verbos “can” y “may”
Afirmar, interrogar y negar usando el tiempo Presente Simple
Usar el “Do” y el “Does” correctamente
Expresar en lenguaje sencillo la rutina diaria del alumno
Utilizar adjetivos en oraciones para completar
Usar correctamente los adjetivos en los grados comparativos y superlativos
Expresar oraciones correctas utilizando el tiempo Presente Continuo en sus 3 formas
(afirmativa, interrogativa, negativa)
Realizar traducciones del Castellano al Inglés utilizando las estructuras dadas.
Unidad II
Modal Verb: can
Can: Expresa habilidad física o mental para realizar algo
El verbo “can” significa “poder”
Examples:
I can play the piano
Yo puedo tocar el piano
I can speak English
Yo puedo hablar Inglés
The children can play football
Los niños pueden jugar al fútbol
Se utiliza can para todas las personas
Para preguntar se invierte:
Can you play tennis?
(Puedes jugar al tennis?)
Can you swim?
(Puedes nadar?)
Para negar se utiliza la estructura cannot ( o can’t)
I cannot/can’t speak Japanese
No puedo hablar Japonés
They can’t sing a song
Ellos no pueden cantar una anción
A: Can you go to the cinema tomorrow?
A: Puedes ir al cine mañana?
B: No, I can’t. I am busy
B: No, no puedo. Estoy ocupado
Exercise Nº 1
1.
Can you swim?
2. Can you ski?
3. Can you play chess?
4. Can you drive?
5. Can you run ten kilometers?
6. Can you ride a horse?
Exercise Nº 2
Read, please
Liz can swim but she can’t play chess. She can speak Spanish but she can’t speak English.
She can run but she can’t play football. She can drive but she can’t ride a horse.
Answer these questions about Liz
1.
Can Liz swim?
2. Can she play chess?
3. Can she speak English?
4. Can she run?
5. Can she play football?
6. Can she ride a horse?
Exercise Nº 3
Turn into the interrogative
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mark can speak German
Mr. Brown can ride a horse
Mrs. Brown can drive a car
John can play basketball
Ted can write quickly
Ben can swim very well
Modal verb: May
La palabra “May” (verbo) se usa para expresar “posibilidad”
Example:
I may go to Paris next year
(Quizás vaya a París el año que viene)
Se usa May para todas las personas
He may study at home
(Quizás el estudie en su casa)
She may buy some shoes
(Quizás ella compre algunos zapatos)
It may rain tomorrow
(Quizás llueva mañana)
Exercise Nº 4
Translate into English:
1.
Quizás mi madre vaya al supermercado
2. Quizás juegue al tennis mañana
3. Quizás estudie Derecho en el futuro
4. Quizás viaje a Francia en el 2001
5. Quizás tú apruebes el exámen
Exercise Nº 5
Complete use can or may.
1.
He _____________play football very well
2. They ____________come tomorrow
3. We ________________study every day
4. Tom ________________travel to London in 2002
5. I ________________cook very well. My food is delicious!
The present continuous tense
Se utiliza para expresar acciones que están ocurriendo ahora o en el momento de hablar.
Se forma de la siguiente manera:
Sujeto + Verb “to be” (conjugado) + Verbo + Ing
Examples:
I am studying my book now
Yo estoy estudiando mi libro ahora
Paul is eating an icecream now
Paul está comiendo un helado ahora
Robert is watching TV now
Robert está mirando televisión ahora
Para interrogar el orden es el siguiente:
Verb “to be” (conjugado) + Sujeto + Verbo + Ing
Examples:
Are you drinking coffee now?
Is it raining now?
(lloviendo)
Are they playing football now?
Para negar el orden es el siguiente:
Sujeto + Verb “to be” (conjugado) + Not + Verbo + Ing
Examples:
I am not studying now
She is not watching TV now
He is not sleeping now
(durmiendo)
Exercise Nº 6
Complete using the Present Continuous
1.
Paul ______________________pizza now (eat)
2. Bob ______________________to New York (travel) [viajar]
3. They ______________________ chocolate now (eat)
4. He ________________________a film now (watch)
5. She ________________________ a cake now (make)
Exercise Nº 7
1)
2)
A:
_________________________________________________________
B:
I am eating a sandwich
A:
______________________________________________________
B:
Yes, I am watching the news (noticias)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A:
_______________________________________________________
B:
No, it isn’t raining now
A:
______________________________________________________
B:
Yes, I am studying English
A:
______________________________________________________
B:
No, my mother is going to the office
A:
_______________________________________________________
B:
No, I am reading a book
Exercise Nº 8
Answer these questions (complete answers)
1.
Are you studying English now?
2. Are you studying French?
3. Are you watching TV?
4. Is your sister drinking tea?
5. Is your friend listening to music?
6. Is your brother playing tennis?
The Simple Present Tense
El Presente Simple se usa para hablar sobre acciones habituales, “every day actions” o
rutinas.
Examples:
I get up at 7 every day
Me levanto a las 7 todos los días
En el afirmativo, el verbo lleva una “s” para las terceras personas del singular (He, She,
It)
Para las formas interrogativa y negativa se usan los auxiliares “Do” y “Does”
“DO” para
“DOES” para
I
HE
YOU
SHE
WE
IT
THEY
Veamos la conjugación del verbo “like” (gustar)
Verb “to like” (gustar) Simple Present Simple
Afirmative
Interrogative
Negative
I like
Do you/ I like?
I do not (don’t like)
You like
Do you like?
You don’t like
He likes
Does he like?
He does not (doesn’t) like
She likes
Does she like?
She does not (doesn’t) like
It likes
Does it like?
It does not like
We like
Do we like?
We don’t like
You like
Do you like?
You don’t like
They like
Do they like?
They don’t like
Exercise Nº 9
Turn into the Interrogative and Negative
1.
I like chocolates
Do I like chocolates?
I don’t like chocolates
2. She drinks tea every day
Does she drink tea every day? (No se usa la S en Interrogativo y Negativo)
She doesn’t drink tea every day
Now you continue:
1.
We watch TV every day
2. They walk to the park on Sundays
3. She cooks her meal every day
4. He reads the newspaper every day
5. I speak English very well
6. You speak English very well
Algunos verbos cambian al tomar la S de la tercera persona:
Examples:
Go
goes
Study
studies
Fish (pescar)
fishes
Have (tener)
has
Watch
watches
Exercise Nº 9
Turn into the Interrogative and Negative
1.
She goes to school on Mondays
Does she go to school on Mondays?
She doesn’t go to school on Mondays
Now you continue:
1.
He studies English every day
2. He fishes in the lake
3. He has lunch at 1 pm
4. She watches TV in the afternoon
5. He goes to the supermarket on Saturdays
Para usar el Simple Present con palabras interrogativas, el orden en la oración es el
siguiente:
Interrogative Word
Auxiliary
+
Subject
+
Verb
When
do
you
study?
2. Where
do
you
live?
3. What
does
she
do?
4. When
does
she
work?
1.
1.
+
Cuándo estudias?
2. Dónde vives?
3. Qué hace ella?
4. Cuándo trabaja ella?
La excepción es Who. En este caso no usamos auxiliar y el verbo queda igual
Who lives here?
(Quién vive aquí?)
Who speaks English?
(Quién habla Inglés?)
Exercise Nº 11
Read the following passage:
Sheila is a teacher. She works very hard. Every day she gets up at 7 o’clock. She brushes
her teeth, takes a shower and then drinks coffee.
Then, she reads the newspaper.
She doesn’t read the newspaper everyday because it is expensive.
Then she takes the bus to school.
She takes nº36. The trip to school takes about 20 minutes. She pays $3. She arrives at
school at 8 o’clock. Then she goes to her classroom up to 12 o’clock. At 12 o’clock, she is
very tired. Then she has lunch at 12:30 every day.
Answer these questions:
1.
What is Sheila’s job?
2. At what time does she get up?
3. What does she brush?
4. Does she brush her hair?
5. Does she drink tea?
6. Does she read a magazine?
7. Does she read the newspaper?
8. Does she read the newspaper every day?
9. Does she go to school by taxi?
10. What number does she take?
11. How long is the trip?
12. How much does she pay?
13. Does she arrive at school at 7:30?
14. Where does she go?
15. What time does she have lunch?
Exercise Nº 12
Answer the following questions about you:
1.
What time do you get up?
2. What time do you have breakfast? (desayuno)
3. What do you read every day?
4. What time do you go to work?
5. What time do you finish?
6. What do you do at weekends?
7. When do you study English?
8. Do you speak Spanish?
9. Do you speak Portuguese?
10. Do you play football on Sundays?
11. When do you have lunch at the restaurant?
12. When do you go to the cinema?
13. Do you like computers?
14. Do you like fish?
15. Do you like cheese? (queso)
Exercise Nº 13
Look at these verbs:
SMOKES-GOES-COST-HAVE-SPEAKS-TEACHES
Complete these sentences using the verbs:
1.
She’s very clever. She ________________________4 languages
2. Steve ___________________________10 cigarettes a day
3. John ________________________to school by bus
4. How much does the pen__________________________?
5. Tina is a teacher. She ____________________ Mathematics.
6. Do you _______________________a paper?
Adjetives- Comparatives and Superlatives
TOM
9
PETER
BOB
Tom is a tall boy
(alto)
9
Tom is taller than Peter (comparative)
(más alto que)
9
Tom is the tallest boy (superlative)
(el más alto)
9
Bob is a short boy
(bajo)
9
Bob is shorter than Peter
(más bajo que)
9
Bob is the shortest boy
(el más bajo)
Other adjectives
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
Long (largo)
Longer than
The longest
Big (grande)
Bigger than
The biggest
Small (pequeño)
Smaller than
The smallest
Clean
Cleaner than
The cleanest
Dirty (sucio)
Dirtier than
The dirtiest
Tidy (prolijo)
Tidier than
The tidiest
Para los adjetivos de más de 2 sílabas usamos more than and the most
Examples:
Expensive (caro)
More expensive than
The most expensive
Interesting (interesante)
More interesting than
The most interesting
Important (importante)
More important than
The most important
Beautiful (hermoso)
More beautiful than
The most beautiful
Algunos adjetivos cambian totalmente en el comparativo y superlativo
Good (bueno)
Better than (mejor que)
The best (el mejor)
Bad (malo)
Worse than (peor que)
The worst (el peor)
Exercise Nº 14
Complete the chart (use a dictionary)
Adjective
Comparative
1) big
2) modern
Superlative
The biggest
More modern than
3) old
The oldest
4) cold
Colder than
5) happy
Happier than
6) careful
The careful
7) difficult
More difficult than
8) pretty
Prettier than
9) heavy
The heaviest
10) cheap
The cheapest
11) rich
Richer than
12) poor
Poorer than
Key to the exercises (Respuestas a los ejercicios)
Yes, I can/ No, I can’t/cannot- El resto es lo mismo
Ex.1:
Ex.2:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Yes, Liz can swim
No, she can’t
Yes, she can
Yes, she can run
No, she can’t play football
No, she can’t ride a horse
Ex.3:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Can Mark speak German?
Can Mr. Brown ride a horse?
Can Mrs Brown drive a car?
Can John play basketball?
Can Ted write quickly?
Can Ben swim very well?
Ex.4:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
My mother may go to the supermarket
I may play tennis tomorrow
I may study law in the future
I may travel to France in 2001
You may pass the exam
Ex.5:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Can
May
Can
May
Can
Ex.6:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
is eating
is travelling
are eating
is watching
is making
Ex.7:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
What are you doing?
Are you watching the news?
Is it raining now?
Are you studying English?
Is your mother going to the park?
Are you listening to music?
Ex.8:
1)
Yes, I am studying English/ No, I am not studying English
Libre
Ex.9:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Ex.10:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Ex.11:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
Does he study__________________?
He doesn’t study_______________
Does he fish______________?
He doesn’t fish_________________
Does he have___________________?
He doesn’t have___________________
Does she watch____________?
She doesn’t watch__________________
Does he go______________________?
He doesn’t go_____________________
Sheila is a teacher
She gets up at 7 o’clock
She brushes her teeth
No, she doesn’t
No, she doesn’t. She drinks coffee
No, she doesn’t. She reads the newspaper
Yes, she does
No, she doesn’t
No, she doesn’t
She takes nº 36
About 20 minutes
She pays $3
No, she doesn’t. She arrives at 8 o’clock
She goes to her classroom
She has lunch at 12:30
Libre
Ex.12:
Ex.13:
Do we watch TV every day?
We don’t watch TV________________
Do they walk_______________?
They don’t walk _______________
Does she cook her meal______________?
She doesn’t cook__________________
Does he read_____________________?
He doesn’t read__________________
Do I speak _______________?
I don’t speak__________________
Do you speak ____________________?
You don’t speak________________________
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
speaks
smokes
goes
cost
teaches
have
Ex.14:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10
11)
12)
bigger than
the most modern
older than
the coldest
thehappiest
more careful than
the most difficult
the prettiest
heavier than
cheaper than
the richest
the poorest
Unidad II: Actividad Integradora
Translate into English:
1.
Yo puedo hablar Inglés
2. Quizás llueva mañana
3. Mercedes Benz es el auto más caro del país
4. Que estás haciendo ahora?
5. Pedro es más alto que Juan
6. Hablás Inglés?
7. Nosotros no nos levantamos temprano los Domingos
8. Él lee el diario todas las mañanas
9. Tomás café?
10. Cuándo trabajas de noche?
Key
1.
I can speak English
2. It may rain tomorrow
3. Mercedes Benz is the most expensive car in the country
4. What are you doing now?
5. Peter is taller than John
6. Do you speak English?
7. We don’t get up early on Sundays
8. He reads the newspaper every morning
9. Do you drink coffee?
10. When do you work at night?
Unidad III
Contenidos (Contents):
9
9
9
9
Verb “to have”
The Simple Past Tense
Regular and Irregular Verbs
Verb “to be”(Simple Past)
Objetivos:
9
9
9
9
9
9
Expresar posesión (to have) en el Simple Present
Hablar sobre el pasado (Simple Past)
Utilizar correctamente “Did”
Reconocer los verbos regulares e irregulares
Distinguirlos
Usar correctamente el “verb to be” en el Pasado Simple
Verb “to have” (Simple Present)
“To have” significa “tener”
Conjugación
I have
You have
He has
She has
It has
We have
You have
They have
Para las formas Interrogativas y Negativas, usamos “Do” y “Does” al igual que para los
otros verbos (excepto be y can)
Do you have an umbrella?
Does he have a camera?
Do they have a pencil?
Exercise Nº 1
Write in the Interrogative and Negative
1.
Mary has a toothache (dolor de muelas)
2. John has a red car
3. My friends have a beautiful house
4. I have a blue book
5. You have a lot of money
Exercise Nº 2
Write A’s words
1)
A:___________________________________________________
B: Yes, I have a blue pen
2)
A:___________________________________________________
B: No, I don’t have any coins
3)
A:____________________________________________________
B:Yes, he has a big house
4)
A:____________________________________________________
B: I have some keys in my bag
5)
A:______________________________________________________
B: I have my exam on Tuesday
The Simple Past Tense
Para estudiar el tiempo pasado en Inglés, primero debemos reconocer como se forma el
pasado en los distintos verbos; estos se dividen en Regulares e Irregulares
Los regulares terminan en “ed”
Por ejemplo: learn (aprender)
learned
Los irregulares cambian totalmente
Por ejemplo: go (ir)
went
Examples:
I learned English last year
(Yo aprendí Inglés el año pasado)
Peter went to school yesterday
(Pedro fue a la escuelas ayer)
Some regular verbs (algunos verbos regulares)
To study
studied
To play
played
To watch
watched
To phone
phoned
To talk (conversar)
talked
To wait (esperar)
waited
Some irregular verbs (algunos verbos irregulares)
To begin
began (comenzar)
To bring
brought (traer)
To buy
bought (comprar)
To do
did (hacer)
To drink
drank (beber)
To eat
ate (comer)
To find
found (encontrar)
To get up
got up (levantarse)
To give
gave (dar)
To go
went (ir)
To have
had (tener)
To know
knew (saber)
To write
wrote (escribir)
To speak
spoke (hablar)
To sleep
slept (dormir)
Para interrogar y negar en el pasado, usamos el auxiliar “Did” para todas las
personas
Verb “to buy” (comprar)
Affirmative
Interrogative
(1)
Negative
I didn’t buy (did not)
I bought
Did I buy?
You bought
Did you buy?
You didn’t buy
He bought
Did he buy?
He didn’t buy
She bought
Did she buy?
She didn’t buy
It bought
Did it buy?
It didn’t buy
We bought
Did we buy?
We didn’t buy
You bought
Did you buy?
You didn’t buy
They bought
Did they buy?
They didn’t buy
(1) El verbo vuelve al infinitivo por estar el auxiliar
Exercise Nº 3
Write in the Interrogative and Negative
Example:
John travelled to Europe last year
Did John travel to Europe last year?
John didn’t travel to Europe last year
1.
My father bought a car last week
2. The children brought the books
3. Shakespeare wrote “Hamlet”
4. The President spoke on TV last night
5. I found some money in the street
6. He ate a sandwich for lunch
7. He phoned me yesterday
8. The pupils talked during the test
9. He studied French in Paris
10. She drank some coffee for breakfast
Exercise Nº 4
What did you do yesterday?
(your sentence can be positive or negative)
Example:
Watch TV
1.
I watch TV yesterday
Get up before 7:30
2. Have shower (ducha)
3. Buy a magazine
4. Speak English
5. Do an exam
6. Eat meat
7. Go to bed before 10:30
8. Write a letter
Para preguntar en Pasado Simple usando palabras interrogativas (who, what, where, etc…)
el orden en la oración es el siguiente:
Interrogative Word
+
What
Auxiliary
did
+
Subject
+
you
Verb
buy yesterday?
Other examples:
1.
I met somebody
Who did you meet?
2. Harry arrived
When did Harry arrive?
3. I saw somebody
When did you see anybody?
4. He waited outside
Where did he wait?
5. They had dinner
Where did they have dinner?
6. It cost a lot of money
How much did it cost?
Verb “to be” (Simple past)
El verb “to be” en el Simple Past se conjuga de la siguiente manera:
Affirmative
I was (yo era o estaba)
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
Interrogative
Was I?
Were you?
Was he?
Was she?
Was it?
Were we?
Were you?
Were they?
(1)
Negative
I was not/wasn’t
You were not/weren’t
He was not/wasn’t
She was not/wasn’t
It was not/wasn’t
We were not/weren’t
You were not/weren’t
They were not/weren’t
(1) Para interrogar, se invierte
Exercise Nº 5
Complete with was/ wasn’t/ were/weren’t
1.
We didn’t like our hotel room. It __________________ very small and it
______________ very clean
2. Kate got married when she________________________24 years old
3. I phoned you yerterday but you ___________________at home
4. George _________________________ at work last week because he
___________ ill. He’s better now.
5. The shops ______________________open yesterday because it
_______________ a public holiday
6. ___________________________ you at home at 9:30? No, I ____________.
I _______________________ at work.
Exercise Nº 6
Reading Comprehension
Why is America called America?
1.
Write the infinitive of the verbs in the Simple Past
Europeans geographers gave the name America to the lands that Columbus discovered.
Columbus thought that his discoveries were part of Asia. But an Italian sailor, Americo
Vespuccio, corrected this idea. He understood that these lands were a new continent.
A German scholar, read about Vespuccio’s ideas, he came to a conclusion: the lands were
a new continent.
To honour Vespuccio, the scholar named them America.
2. Answer
(1) Who gave the name America to the new continent?
(2) What did Columbus think?
(3) Who was Americo Vespuccio?
(4) What did he discover?
(5) What did a German scholar read?
(6) What was his conclusion?
Key to the exercises (Respuestas a los ejercicios)
Ex.1:
Does Mary have _________________?
Mary doesn’t have__________________
Does John have a red________________?
John doesn’t have____________________
Do my friends have___________________?
My friends don’t have ____________________
Do I have a ____________________?
I don’t have ________________________
Do you have __________________________?
You don’t have _____________________
Ex.2:
Do you have a blue pen?
Do you have any coins?
Does he have a big house?
Do you have the keys?
When do you have your exam?
Ex.3:
Did my father buy _______________?
My father didn’t buy _______________
Did the children bring______________?
The children didn’t bring _____________________
Did Shakespeare write “Hamlet”?
Shakespeare didn’t write __________________
Did the President speak?
The President didn’t speak________________
Did I find _________________?
I didn’t find________________________Did he eat a __________________________?
He didn’t eat _________________
Did he phone_______?
He didn’t phone ___________________
Did the pupils talk_________?
The pupils didn’t talk________________
Did he study_____________?
He didn’t study____________
Did she drink__________________?
She didn’t drink _________________________
Ex.4:
I got up before _______________ I didn’t get up before ________
I had_______________/I didn’t have
I bought/ I didn’t buy________________
I spoke English/I didn’t speak___________
I did an exam/ I didn’t do____________
I ate meat/ I didn’t eat________________
I went to bed/ I didn’t go __________________
I wrote/ I didn’t write
Ex.5:
Was/ wasn’t
Was
Weren’t
Was/ wasn’t
Weren’t/ was
Were/ wasn’t/ was
Ex.6: 1)
Give(dar), discover(descubrir), think(pensar), be, correct, understand
(entender), be, read, come(llegar, venir), be, name(nombrar)
Ex.6: 2)
European geographers gave the _______________
Columbus thought that the lands were part of Asia
A. Vespuccio was an Italian sailor
He discovered that the lands were a new continent
He read about Vespuccio’s ideas
The lands were a new continent
Unidad III: Actividad Integradora
1. El tiene tres hermanos
2. Yo fui al cine ayer
3. Mr. Brown estuvo en Paris el año pasado
4. Fuiste al dentista ayer?
5. Ellos trajeron algunos diccionarios
6. Cervantes escribió Don Quijote
7. Tienes un caramelo?
8. Ellos estuvieron en Europa en 1991
9. Cuándo estudiaste Inglés?
10. Dónde pusiste el paraguas?
Key
1.
He has three brothers
2. I went to the cinema yesterday
3. Mr. Brown was in Paris last year
4. Did you go to the dentist yesterday?
5. They brought some dictionaries
6. Cervantes wrote Don Quijote
7. Do you have a candy?
8. They were in Europe in 1991
9. When did you study English?
10. Where did you put the umbrella?
Unidad IV
Introducción
Something about Computer Science
A growing number of students of Computer Science and people working with computers
have an immediate and specific need to acquire a reading knowledge of computer science
in English
To read effectively in a second or foreign language requires both an understanding of
the grammar and vocabulary of that language and also the development or application of
reading skills. This booklet will help you in three main ways. Fistly, you will be given
exercise material on formal aspects of language, such as grammar and vocabulary.
Secondly, you will practise your reading skills such as locating information, finding the
main idea of a text, translating passages accurately, etc. Thirdly, you will count with upto-date basic information about computers and how they operate through the subject
matter presented in each reading passage.
1) What is a computer?
Read the following passage, answer the questions and then translate it into Spanish (Use
your dictionary)
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate
switches or magnetize tiny metal cores.
The switches, like the cores, can be in one of two possible states, that is, on or off;
magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating
numbers, letters and characters. The basic idea of the computer is that we can make
the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn
others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
Answer these questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is a computer?
In which states can the switches be?
What can the machine do?
What is the basic idea of the computer?
How can we operate the computer?
2) Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use punched cards,
magnetic tape, disks and terminals.
The computers’s input device (which might be a card reader, a tape drive or disk drive,
depending on the medium used in inputting information), reads the information into the
computer.
1. Monitor, 2. Placa base, 3. CPU, 4. Memoria de computadora (RAM), 5. Tarjeta de
expansión, 6. Fuente de alimentación, 7. Disco óptico, 8. Disco duro, 9. Teclado y
10.Mouse
Read the following passage
A computer can solve series of problems and make hundreds, even thousand of logical
decisions without becoming tired or bored. It can find the solution to a problem in a
fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it has no originality, it works
according to the instructions given to it and cannot exercise and value judgements.
Sometimes, a computer operates like a mechanical “brain”, but its achievements are
limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person
tells it what to do and gives it the appropriate information; but because electric pulses
can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmeticlogical operations almost instantaneously. A person can do everything a computer can do ,
but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
a) True of False? (Pensar)
T
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A computer can work and get tired very soon
A computer cannot work without instructions
Dull, routine tasks can only be done by computers
The tasks a computer can do is limitless
Electric pulses can move at the speed of light
A computer can carry out logical operations in two hours
A person cannot do a job meant for computers
b) Now, translate the passage into Spanish
F