Malay Style Guide
Contents
What's New? .................................................................................................................................... 4
New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4
Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5
About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5
Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5
Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5
Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 5
Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 7
Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7
Informative References ............................................................................................................. 7
Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 8
Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 8
Characters ................................................................................................................................ 8
Date .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Time ........................................................................................................................................ 10
Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 12
Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 21
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 21
Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 21
Articles .................................................................................................................................... 22
Capitalization .......................................................................................................................... 23
Compounds............................................................................................................................. 23
Gender .................................................................................................................................... 24
Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 24
Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 24
Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 25
Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 25
Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 26
Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 27
Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 28
Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 28
Symbols .................................................................................................................................. 28
Non-Breaking Spaces ............................................................................................................. 28
Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 29
Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 30
Audience ................................................................................................................................. 30
Style ........................................................................................................................................ 30
Tone ........................................................................................................................................ 30
Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 30
Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 31
General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 31
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 31
Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 32
Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 32
Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 32
Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 33
Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 33
Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 33
Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 33
Standardized Translations ...................................................................................................... 33
Unlocalized Items.................................................................................................................... 34
Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 34
Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 35
User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 35
Messages ................................................................................................................................ 36
Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 44
Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 44
What's New?
Last Updated: May 2011
New Topics
The following topics were added:

N/A
Updated Topics
The following topics were updated:

Informative References

Tone and Voice

English Terminology and the Malay Language System

Help and documentation guideline

Date Format

Measurement units
4
Introduction
This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove outdated and unnecessary
content. It contains information pertaining to all Microsoft products and services.
About This Style Guide
The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localization of Malay Microsoft products
with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than
those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context
based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be
localized.
The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as stylistic criteria. It also
presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a
revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardized, more structured,
and easier to use as a reference.
The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localize Microsoft products
and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us
your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page.
Scope of This Document
This Style Guide is intended for the localization professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to
be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference
or deviates from standard practices for Malay localization.
Style Guide Conventions
In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct
translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples.
In Microsoft localization context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g.
a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a
traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph.
References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements.
Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source
of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database.
Sample Text
Johor: Keluarga daif
Oleh Sahlina Sahkirin
5
[email protected]
2010/08/16
ENDAU: “Berat mata memandang, berat lagi bahu memikul. Saya sudah tidak tahu lagi ke mana hendak
mengadu,"kata seorang ibu yang juga orang kurang upaya (OKU), Iadayati Ahmad, 37, yang terbabit dalam
kemalangan jalan raya sembilan tahun lalu.
Lebih menyayat hati, kejadian pada 2001 di persimpangan Jalan Kota Tinggi-Kulai meragut nyawa suaminya, Md
Amin Marsat.
Beliau yang koma selama dua tahun enam bulan terlantar di hospital tanpa mengetahui nasib suaminya.
Selepas pulih daripada kecederaan, beliau berulang-alik ke mahkamah untuk proses tuntutan insurans beliau dan
suaminya.
Katanya, syarikat insurans hanya memberikan pampasan sebanyak RM4,000 dan sebahagiannya digunakan
untuk membayar khidmat peguam.
“Dengan RM2,000, apa sangat yang boleh dilakukan, sedangkan kos berulang-alik ke mahkamah lebih daripada
itu, ” katanya kepada Edisi Johor.
Beliau yang mempunyai dua anak, masing-masing berumur sembilan dan 15 tahun hanya bergantung hidup
dengan elaun OKU yang diterima daripada Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM) sebanyak RM300 sebulan.
Kini, beliau berumahtangga dengan Abdul Lani Mohamad, 47, suami barunya yang hanya bekerja sebagai buruh
dan masa yang sama menghidap asma.
Katanya, atas ihsan ibu mentua, mereka sekeluarga menumpang berteduh di rumah yang serba daif.
“Saya memohon kepada sesiapa yang boleh membantu supaya kes itu dibuka kembali kerana saya berhak untuk
memohon pampasan daripada syarikat insurans berikutan kejadian berkenaan.
“Saya menerima notis daripada peguam supaya menandatangani dokumen untuk menutup kes itu tanpa alasan
kukuh, ” katanya.
Katanya, beliau pernah meminta khidmat Biro Bantuan Guaman Johor Bahru tetapi diarahkan merujuk perkara
berkenaan di ibu pejabat biro di Kuala Lumpur.
Iadayati berkata, baru-baru ini doktor mengesahkan beliau menghidap penyakit jantung akibat kemalangan
sembilan tahun lalu. “Kini, saya terpaksa berulang-alik ke hospital untuk rawatan sakit jantung dan sedang
menunggu tarikh untuk temu janji dengan doktor pakar di Johor Bahru,” katanya.
6
Beliau yang cedera parah dan dimasukkan besi pada kaki dan tempurung lutut yang pernah terkeluar, hanya
berdaya membuat kerja ringan.
“Saya berharap ada pihak sudi membantu untuk membuka semula kes berkenaan.
“Sekiranya syarikat insurans membayar pampasan yang sepadan dengan kecederaan yang saya alami dan
kematian Allahyarham suami, dapatlah saya membesarkan dua anak yang masih bersekolah,” katanya yang
tidak mampu bekerja.
Sesiapa yang ingin menghulurkan pertolongan dan mendapatkan penjelasan lanjut boleh menghubungi beliau di
alamat:
Nombor 54, Jalan Masjid, Felda Endau, 86900 Endau, Mersing, Johor atau telefon 017-7656447.
http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/Johor_Keluargadaif/Article/
Dihasilkan pada 16 Ogos 2010 jam 1:00 pagi
Recommended Reference Material
Use the Malay language and terminology as described and used in the following publications.
Normative References
These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases.
When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the
Style Guide.
1. Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 2005
2. Kamus Inggeris Melayu Dewan (An English-Malay Dictionary), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1992
3. Tatabahasa Dewan Edisi Baru, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 2002
4. Daftar Istilah MABBIM, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1992
5. Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah Bahasa Melayu, Dewan Bahasa
Informative References
These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc.
1. http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Search.aspx?
2. www.dbp.gov.my (Institute Of Language And Literature)
3. http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/www.karyanet.com.my (for terminology)
4. www.dewanejapro.com (Dewan Eja Pro – dictionary and spell checker for Malay language)
7
Language Specific Conventions
This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Malay.
Country/Region Standards
Characters
Country/region
Malaysia
Lower-case characters
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
Upper-case characters
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
Characters in caseless
scripts
n/a
Extended Latin characters
n/a
Note on alphabetical order
Alphabetical order is based on the list of letters in the alphabet.
Total number of characters
26
Unicode codes
A (0041); a (0061); B (0042); b (0062); C (0043); c (0063); D (0044); d (0064); E
(0045); e (0065); F (0046); f (0066); G (0047); g (0067); H (0048); h (0068); I
(0049); i (0069); J (004a); j (006a); K (004b); k (006b); L (004c); l (006c); M
(004d); m (006d); N (004e); n (006e); O (004f); o (006f); P (0050); p (0070); Q
(0051); q (0071); R (0052); r (0072); S (0053); s (0073); T (0054); t (0074); U
(0055); u (0075); V (0056); v (0076); W (0057); w (0077); X (0058); x (0078); y
(0079); Z (005a); z (007a)
Notes
N/A
Date
Country/region
Malaysia
Calendar/Era
Gregorian calendar and Lunar calendar
First Day of the Week
Sunday
First Week of the Year
The week with the first Sunday after 1 January
Separator
/
Default Short Date
d/M/yy
8
Country/region
Malaysia
Format
Example
17/3/11
Default Long Date Format d MMMM yyyy
Example
17 Mac 2011
Additional Short Date
Format 1
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Short Date
Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Long Date
Format 1
n/a
Example
n/a
Additional Long Date
Format 2
n/a
Example
n/a
Leading Zero in Day Field
for Short Date Format
No
Leading Zero in Month
Field for Short Date
Format
No
No. of digits for year for
Short Day Format
2
Leading Zero in Day Field
for Long Date Format
No
Leading Zero in Month
Field for Long Date
Format
n/a
Number of digits for year
for Long Day Format
4
Date Format for
Correspondence
Default Long Date Format
9
Country/region
Malaysia
Example
17 Mac 2011
Notes
n/a
d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd =
digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name)
Abbreviations in Format
Codes
M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading
zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full
name)
y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits)
Time
Country/region
Malaysia
24 hour format
No
Standard time format
h:mm:ss
10
Country/region
Malaysia
Standard time format
example
3:24:12
Time separator
Colon (:)
Time separator examples
3:24:12
Hours leading zero
No
Hours leading zero example
n/a
String for AM designator
12:00AM Tengah malam
12:01AM – 11:59AM Pagi
12:00PM Tengah hari
String for PM designator
12:01PM – 6:59PM Petang
7:00PM – 11:59PM Malam
Notes
To tell the time in Malay, it is always starts with “pukul” or “jam”, followed by the
time: 9:25AM Pukul 9:25 pagi; 7:30PM Pukul 7:30 malam
Days
Country/region: Malaysia
Day
Normal Form
Abbreviation
Monday
Isnin
n/a
Tuesday
Selasa
n/a
Wednesday
Rabu
n/a
Thursday
Khamis
n/a
Friday
Jumaat
n/a
Saturday
Sabtu
n/a
Sunday
Ahad
n/a
First Day of Week: Sunday
Is first letter capitalized?: Yes
Notes: It is not recommended to abbreviate the days.
11
Months
Country/region: Malaysia
Month
Full Form
Abbreviated Form
Long Date Form
January
Januari
Jan.
Januari
February
Februari
Feb.
Februari
March
Mac
Mac
Mac
April
April
Apr.
April
May
Mei
Mei
Mei
June
Jun
Jun
Jun
July
Julai
Jul.
Julai
August
Ogos
Ogos
Ogos
September
September
Sept.
September
October
Oktober
Okt.
Oktober
November
November
Nov.
November
December
Disember
Dis.
Disember
Is first letter capitalized?: Yes
Notes: The following is the month of Lunar Year, as referred to Islamic calendar:
-
Muharam
Safar
Rabiul Awal
Rabiul Akhir
Jamadil Awal
Jamadil Akhir
Rejab
Syaaban
Ramadhan
Syawal
Zulkaedah
Zulhijah
Numbers
Numbers used are from 0 to 9.
12
Phone Numbers
Country/
region
International
Dialing
Code
Area
Codes
Used?
Number of
Digits – Area
Codes
Separator
Number of
Digits –
Domestic
Digit
Groupings –
Domestic
Malaysia
+60
Yes
1 to 2 digits.
1 digit for
Peninsular
Malaysia, 2
digits for Sabah
and Sarawak,
and mobile
numbers
Hyphen
8; 9;
##-######; #### ####; ##### ####;
Country/
region
Number of
Digits –
Local
Digit
Groupings
– Local
Number of
Digits – Mobile
Digit
Groupings –
Mobile
Number of
Digits –
International
Digit
Groupings –
International
Malaysia
6; 7; 8
######;
### ####;
#### ####
Numbers used
are 0-9 and with
the symbol +
preceding the
numbers if calls
are made from a
mobile line
##-### ####
11; 12; 13;
+60##-######;
+60#-### ####;
+60##-###
####; +60##### ####
Notes: Depending on the area, the number of digits for a phone number ranges from 6 to 8. For Sabah and
Sarawak, the area code consists of 2 digits while the phone number consists of 6 digits. For the rest of the
country, the area code consists of 1 digit and the phone number is either 7-digit or 8-digit.
Addresses
Country/region: Malaysia
Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as
fictitious information.
Address Format:
[Title/Honorific] Name
[Company Name]
Address 1
[Address 2]
Postal Code
City
13
State
[Country]
Example Address:
Datuk Yahya Ali,
Petronas Dagangan Berhad
Lot 5, Jalan Bukit
43000 Kajang
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Malaysia
Local Postal Code Format: xxxxx
Notes: Title / Honorific details. Listed below are the common titles used locally:
-
Tan Sri
Dato‟ Seri
Datuk
Dato‟
Datin
Tun
Tuan
Encik
Puan
Cik
State details. The states listed below can be written as full state name or the abbreviated version as represented
in brackets[]
-
Johor Darul Takzim [Johor]
Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah [Melaka]
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus [Negeri Sembilan]
Selangor Darul Ehsan [Selangor]
Perak Darul Ridzuan [Perak]
Kedah Darul Aman [Kedah]
Pahang Darul Makmur [Pahang]
Terengganu Darul Iman [Terengganu]
Kelantan Darul Naim [Kelantan]
Perlis Indera Kayangan [Perlis]
Currency
For Malaysia only.
Country/region
Malaysia
Currency Name
Ringgit Malaysia
14
Currency Symbol
RM
Currency Symbol Position
Placed before the amount and usually contains no space between the
symbol and the number.
Positive Currency Format
RM123,456.78
Negative Sign Symbol
Dash “-“ or bracket “(##)”
Negative Currency Format
-RM123,456.78 or (RM123,456.78)
Decimal Symbol
. (period)
Number of Digits after Decimal
2
Digit Grouping Symbol
, (comma)
Number of Digits in Digit
Grouping
3
Positive Currency Example
RM123,456.78
Negative Currency Example
- RM123,456.78 or (RM123,456.78)
ISO Currency Code
MYR
Currency Subunit Name
sen
Currency Subunit Symbol
N/A
Currency Subunit Example
5 sen
15
Digit Groups
Country/region: Malaysia
Decimal Separator: .
Decimal Separator Description: Period
Decimal Separator Example: 9.18, RM91.75
Thousand Separator: ,
Thousand Separator Description: comma
Thousand Separator Example: 123,456
Notes:
• It is acceptable to omit thousand separator (comma) for numbers with 4 digits in their integer part, but better
readability, it is advisable to put comma as the thousand separator.
• Numbers not in regular text may or may not have thousand separators. For examples, values in Excel do not
have thousand separators.
16
Measurement Units
Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes
Temperature: Celsius
Category
English
Translation
Abbreviation
Linear Measure
Kilometer
kilometer
km
Meter
meter
m
Decimeter
desimeter
dm
Centimeter
sentimeter
sm
Millimeter
milimeter
mm
Hectoliter
hektoliter
hL/hl
Liter
liter
L/l
Deciliter
desiliter
dL/dl
Centiliter
sentiliter
sL/sl
Milliliter
mililiter
mL/ml
Ton
tan
n/a
Kilogram
kilogram
kg
Pound
paun
lb
Gram
gram
g
Decigram
desigram
dg
Centigram
sentigram
sg
Milligram
miligram
mg
Inch
inci
in or “
Feet
kaki
ka or „
Mile
batu
bt
Gallon
gelen
n/a
Capacity
Mass
English Units of
Measurement
Notes: Please use full variant unless there is space restriction or repetitive mention of the measurement units.
17
Percentages
Percentage symbol (%) is placed after the number. No space in between numbers and the symbol. E.g. Please
write as 10% and not 10 %.
Sorting
Sorting rules
1. The order of sorting is according to whichever character comes first: regardless of whether
they are in the form of letters, digits or roman numerals.
2. Capital letters and lowercase letters are equal. No distinction is made between them.
Character
sorting order
A (65); a (97); B (66); b (98); C (67); c (99); D (68); d (100); E (69); e (101); F (70); f (102); G
(71); g (103); H (72); h (104); I (73); i (105); J (74); j (106); K (75); k (107); L (76); l (108); M
(77); m (109); N (78); n (110); O (79); o (111); P (80); p (112); Q (81); q (113); R (82); r (114); S
(83); s (115); T (84); t (116); U (85); u (117); V (86); v (118); W (87); w (119); X (88); x (120); y
(121); Z (90); z (122)
1
@
Aaron
Aaron
andere
andere
ändere
Chaque
chaque
chemin
Examples of
sorted words
chemin
cote
cote
coté
côte
côté
čučēt
Czech
Czech
hiša
Irdisch
irdisch
18
lävi
lie
lie
lire
lire
llama
llama
lõug
Löwen
lòza
Lübeck
luč
luck
luck
lye
lye
Männer
màšta
mîr
möchten
myndig
myndig
piña
pint
pint
pylon
pylon
sämtlich
šàran
savoir
savoir
Šerbūra
Sietla
Sietla
ślub
19
subtle
subtle
symbol
symbol
väga
verkehrt
verkehrt
vox
vox
waffle
waffle
wood
wood
yen
yen
yuan
yuan
yucca
yucca
ţal
ţena
Ţenēva
zoo
zoo
Zürich
Zviedrija
Zviedrija
zysk
zzlj
zzlz
zznj
zznz
20
Geopolitical Concerns
Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While
the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the
localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region.
Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in
any of the following:

Maps

Flags

Country/region, city and language names

Art and graphics
 Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references may
occur
Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localizer to always
have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and
regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language
names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved.
A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of
cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures.
Guideline
As country/region and city names can change, please use the most up-to-date Malay list for every release of your
product.
Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions
This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Malay language to Microsoft products
and documentation.
Adjectives
In Malay, adjectives come after noun.
Possessive adjectives
The frequent use of possessives is a feature of English language. However in Malay, these possessive objectives
are seldom used in formal settings. They are frequently found in fiction writing.
Possessive adjective
my
(+) saya
21
Possessive adjective
your
(+) anda
his
(+) -nya
her
(+) -nya
its
(+) -nya
our
(+) -nya
their
(+) -nya
Articles
General considerations
The article a, an, and the are generally not translated as nouns in Malay are generally plural by default.
They are not relevant for Malay translations.
Example:
Ali is a teacher is not translated (+) Ali adalah seorang guru
But translated as Ali guru
adalah seorang is an attempt to translate is a but in actual fact is redundant.
Unlocalized Feature Names
Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the
English language. The same rules applied for Malay.
Example:
(+) Internet Explorer 9
(+) Microsoft Office Live
Localized Feature Names
Translated feature names are used with a definite or indefinite article as they are not treated as proper names.
The examples are:
Keyboard is translated as (+) Papan Kekunci
Screen is translated as (+) Skrin
Memory is translated as (+) Ingatan
Articles for English Borrowed Terms
When faced with an English loan word previously used in Microsoft products, consider the following options:

Motivation: Does the English word have any formally motivated features that would allow a
straightforward integration into the noun class system of Malay language?
22


Analogy: Is there an equivalent Malay term whose article could be used?
Frequency: Is the term used in other technical documentation? If so, what article is used most often?
The internet may be a helpful reference here.
Capitalization
Malay language capitalizes only first letter in a sentence and proper nouns.
However, there are certain occasions where the first letter in each word is capitalized (title case) for titles.
Compounds
Generally, compounds should be understandable and clear to the user. Overly long or complex compounds
should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue.
In the Malay Language, compound words are written as two separate words, except for a few exceptions.
23
If the two words can stand on its own they are not combined. If one of the words does not make sense on its own,
then it has to be combined without the hyphen.
Example:
Ultra-Mobile PC is translated as (+) PC Ultra Mudah Alih
Keyboard is translated as (+) Papan Kekunci
3-D is translated as (+) 3D
When the compound words contain both a prefix and a suffix, then, the two words are combined into one word.
Example:
Enforcement is translated as(+) Penguatkuasaan
Gender
Malay language is not gender biased in general. For example, the third person pronoun “dia” can be either “he” or
“she”. In English, there are gender-specific words that describe roles, such as “actor” and “actress”, “headmaster”
and “headmistress”, “chairman” and “chairwoman”, etc. The translations in Malay are simply (+) “pelakon”, “guru
besar” and “pengerusi” respectively. They apply to both genders.
Genitive
This section does not apply to Malay.
Modifiers
In Malay localized text, you do not need to add modifier (in the form of an adjective, an adverb, or a phrase or
clause acting as an adjective or adverb) to add information to another element in the sentence.
Example:
The system works slowly is translated as (+) Sistem berfungsi dengan lambat
Note: The word lambat is not modified to reflect the actual meaning for slowly. On the other hand, dengan is used
to denote the translations for ly.
Nouns
General considerations
Only proper nouns are written with capital letter for the first alphabet. Common name, pronouns and derivative
nouns are written in small letters.
24
Inflection
This section does not apply to Malay.
Plural Formation
Nouns in Malay language are by default plural. However, there may be situations whereby plurals and singulars
need to be differentiated. In such cases, reduplication (repetition with a hyphen to denote that the noun is in the
plural form) is used for differentiation purposes.
Example:
Keys is translated as (+) Kekunci-kekunci
Prepositions
Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many
translators omit them or change the word order.
Malay prepositions link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the
preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Influenced by the English language, many
translators omit them or change the word order. Translate English prepositions according to their context and
avoid Anglicism. The following prepositions have become standard practice at Microsoft:
US Expression
Malay Expression
Comment
Welcome to Windows Vista
(+) Selamat Datang ke Windows
Vista
„to‟ is the preposition and translated
as „ke‟.
Pronouns
There are not many first person singular pronouns in the Malay language. Apart from “saya” the others are “aku”
and “gua” (slang). It is better to stick to “saya” as “aku” and “gua” are usually used among friends and equals only.
There are more than one way to say “we” in Malay, but the distinctions implied are not quite the same as those
implied by other pronouns (“kita” means “you” and “me” whereas “kami” means “we” in the sense of a group that
does not include “you”).
25
Punctuation
The Malay general punctuation rules are identical to English. Punctuation spacing in Malay is also as in English,
i.e. punctuation marks are always followed by one space.
Comma
In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.
Before the last term, „dan‟ is used in replace of comma.
Example
English: red, blue and white
Malay: (+) merah, biru dan putih
Colon
A colon tells the reader that what follows is closely related to the preceding clause. The colon has more effect
than the comma, less power to separate than the semi colon, and more formality than the dash.
It usually follows an independent clause and should not separate a verb from its complement or a preposition
from its object.
Example:
To function properly, your computer requires the following items: keyboard, mouse/touchpad, monitor and CPU
(+) Untuk berfungsi dengan betul, komputer anda memerlukan item-item ini: papan kekunci, tetikus / pad
sesentuh, monitor dan CPU.
Dashes and Hyphens
This section does not apply to Malay.
Ellipses (Suspension Points)
Follow English style. There is no space in before the ellipses sign
Example:
English: Loading…
Malay: (+) Memuatkan…
26
Period
Period is used to denote the end of a sentence.
English: This is a computer program.
Malay: (+) Ini atur cara komputer.
Question Marks
Question mark is a punctuation mark that replaces the full stop (period) at the end of an interrogative sentence. It
is used when referring to a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply.
English: Are you sure you want to close the program?
Malay: Adakah anda pasti mahu menutup atur cara ini?
Quotation Marks
In Malay, the commonly used quotation marks are single quote („) and double quote (“).
Formal quotations cited as documentary evidence are introduced by a colon and enclosed in quotation marks.
Example:
English: The website on ABC company states: "We are using Microsoft operating system throughout the
company.”
Malay: (+) Laman web mengenai syarikat ABC menyatakan: “ Kami menggunakan sistem pengendalian Microsoft
di seluruh syarikat ini.”
Parentheses
In Malay, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them. The placement of a full stop with
the parentheses depends on what they refer to: if they enclose a part of the sentence, the full stop is placed after
the closing bracket; if they enclose the full sentence, the full stop is placed inside the parentheses.
Example:
(+) Untuk meneruskan, klik "Seterusnya" (anda mungkin perlu menentukan kunci produk).
(+) Untuk meneruskan, klik Seterusnya. (Anda mungkin perlu menentukan kunci produk.)
Singular & Plural
There is no differentiation between singular or plural noun though the noun in Malay is by default plural. However,
if a need arises to differentiate between the two states, then reduplication of noun is used to denote the plural.
27
Examples:
English
Malay
1 day
(+) 1 hari
5 days
(+) 5 hari
character
(+) aksara
characters
(+) aksara-aksara
Split Infinitive
This section does not apply to Malay.
Subjunctive
This section does not apply to Malay.
Symbols
Please refer to these sections:
Currency
Digit Groups
Percentage
Non-Breaking Spaces
In computer-based text processing and digital typesetting (e.g. HTML), a non-breaking space is created by
replacing the space with   to prevent an automatic line break at the wrong position.
Example:
Pulau Pangkor will give result as:
Pulau Pangkor
Pulau Pangkor might give result as:
Pulau
Pangkor
28
Syntax
Syntax is a crucial element of clear communication in any language. For example, Malay has its own syntax,
structure and grammar. Rules regarding spelling, sentence structure, word placement and punctuation help to
convey ideas and make the intended meaning clear.
Example:
(+) If, for instance, an email address were to be typed with the word “dotcom” instead of “.com,” the message
would be undeliverable because of a syntax error.
Verbs
Sometimes an English verb can be used as loan word in the target language. Such loan words usually follow the
syntactic and morphological rules of the target language. For the sake of exposition, let us assume that the verbs
in red below are not translated in Malay.
Example:
English
example
export
standard
computer
global
universal
Malay examples
Malay examples
Malay examples
(+) eksport
(+) standard
(+) komputer
(+) global
(+) universal
(+) mengeksport
(+) menstandardkan
(+) berkomputer
(+) mengglobalkan
(+) keuniversalan
(+) pengeksportan
(+) penstandardan
(+) pengkomputeran
-
Word Order
There are four forms of word order in Malay.
Word Order
Example
Subject + Predicate
Subject / Predicate
1. Noun Phrase + Noun Phrase
Sistem pengendalian saya / Microsoft Office
2. Noun Phrase + Phrasal Verb
Sistem itu / sedang menjalankan sandaran
3. Noun Phrase + Adjective Phrase
Sistem itu / sangat pantas
4. Noun Phrase + Conjunction Phrase
Sistem pengendalian / dari Microsoft
29
Style and Tone Considerations
This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice.
Audience
Please take the target audience into account when translating Microsoft products. For example, translation of
learning materials targeted at new users should be more direct and friendly than that of IT Pro materials, which
should be more formal.
Example:
Example for IT knowledgeable person: A mouse is an input device with the following features: a flat-bottomed
casing designed to be gripped by one hand; one or more buttons on the top; a multidirectional detection device (a
ball, laser or optical device) on the bottom; and a cable or wireless connection to the computer.
Style
Do not use colloquial, slang, local, poetic, rare words and expressions or other words and expressions, which do
not belong to standard literary language.
English: You can create a comprehensive information system that displays all the subjects that are available
Use rare words: Anda boleh mencipta sistem maklumat tuntas yang memaparkan semua subjek yang ada
Use of formal word: Anda boleh mencipta sistem maklumat komprehensif yang memaparkan semua subjek yang
ada
Tone
In general please use formal tone, though in online materials the tone can be friendlier.
Example :
Formal tone: Dalam masa 15 saat, Hotmail yang baharu akan dilancarkan.
Informal tone: Beri kami 15 saat... Kami akan menunjukkan Hotmail yang baharu kepada anda.
Voice
In general please use the active voice rather than the passive voice, similar to the English language.
Note: "You" must be translated as „Anda‟ in Malay.
Example:
English
You are now connected to the Internet.
Translation
(+) Anda kini bersambung ke Internet.
(-) Internet telah disambungkan kepada anda.
30
Localization Guidelines
This section contains guidelines for localization into Malay.
General Considerations
The localized text should be as if it was originally written in Malay. It has to be accurate, correct and clear. To
achieve that try to avoid wordiness and word-by-word translation.
Abbreviations
Common Abbreviations
You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space. This
can be done in the following ways:
In online help or documentation, spell out the words that comprise an acronym or abbreviation the first time that
acronym is used in the text. You should include the language-specific translation, the US term, and the acronym
as in the following example:
•
(+) Objek Capaian Data (Data Access Objects, DAO)
•
(+) Objek Data ActiveX (ActiveX Data Objects, ADO)
•
(+) Halaman Pelayan Aktif (Active Server Pages, ASP)
•
(+) Bahasa Penanda Hiperteks (Hypertext Markup Language, HTML)
•
(+) Protokol Pemindahan Fail (File Transfer Protocol, FTP)
Note: Although the English acronym cannot generally be derived from the language-specific translation, creating a
new acronym derived from the language-specific translated term is not an option. For example, do not replace an
English acronym with a language-specific acronym; instead, leave the English acronym or abbreviation intact, as
in the following examples “where DLL” and “DPI” are correctly rendered as “DLL” and “DPI”:
Some examples of the most common abbreviations for Malay are:
Expression
Acceptable Abbreviation
dan lain-lain
(+) dll.
contohnya
(+) cth.
misalnya
(+) mis.
Application Initialization DLL
(+) DLL Pemulaan Aplikasi
DPI scaling
(+) Penskalaan DPI
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Expression
Acceptable Abbreviation
Okay
(+) OK
Don‟t abbreviate such words as:
Online (do not abbreviate to OL).
Offline (do not abbreviate to OL).
Note: As you can see above, if these words are abbreviated, the audience would not know the actual meaning of
the abbreviation.
Accessibility
Microsoft provides people with disabilities (single-handed or with hearing or motion disabilities) with more
accessible products and services. These may not be available in Malaysia. Please check with your Microsoft
contact.
Acronyms
Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples
are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random
Access Memory).
Some widely-used acronyms for Malay are: YM (Yahoo Messenger), OS (Operating System), IP (Internet
Protocol), PM (Private Message) and etc.
English acronyms that do not have commonly accepted Malay translations should not be translated.
Localized Acronyms
There is no known acronym that has been localized.
Unlocalized Acronyms
Most of the acronyms are not localized even though the full word is localized.
Example:
OS (Operating System is translated as (+) Sistem Pengendalian).
IP (Internet Protocol is translated as (+) Protokol Internet)
Applications, Products, and Features
Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely
translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any
application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way.
32
Those product names that are very well localizable or contain a well localizable part are usually localized. Please
always check their translation in Terminology Studio.
Note: Mistakes with product names and trademarking are considered Sev. 1 accuracy errors.
Frequent Errors
This section does not apply to Malay.
Glossaries
You can find the translations of terms and UI elements of Microsoft products at Microsoft Language Portal
(http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Default.aspx).
Fictitious Information
Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localization
issue. Below is some basic information and contact points when dealing with fictitious content:
Vendors and Localizers are not allowed to create their own fictitious names. You must either use the source
names or use the list of legally approved names.
Please contact your product team representative for further information on how to deal with fictitious companies,
names, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, etc. in your product. For technical products, you may also
check with the product team representative whether localized fictitious content is required or not (e.g. Visual
Studio).
Recurring Patterns
This section does not apply to Malay.
Standardized Translations
There are a number of standardized translations mentioned in all sections of this Style Guide. In order to find
them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for you reference.
Standard Phrases in Error Messages
One of the area where standardized translations is very important is for the links.
33
Examples:
English
Malay
Click Here
(+) Klik di Sini
Learn More
(+) Ketahui Lebih Lanjut
Unlocalized Items
Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn‟t be localized. A list of Microsoft trademarks is
available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm.
Using the Word Microsoft
The word Microsoft is written in full in UI and text. It should not be abbreviated to MS as it could be misunderstood
with Malaysian Standard (MS) used by Sirim.
Exception: MS-DOS.
34
Example:
English: Microsoft Software License Terms
Malay: (+) Syarat Pelesenan Perisian Microsoft
English: Microsoft Corporation Site
Malay: (+) Laman Microsoft Corporation
Software Considerations
This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently
translated in the localized product.
Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface
guidelines (English).
User Interface
Translating UI items can be challenging at times. One of the main difficulties in many cases is the lack of context
and information on the exact function of a particular UI item. This topic is intended to give some general
guidelines.
Always use all available resources to establish the context for UI items. In EDBs, these could be: the columns
Instructions, Resource ID, String ID, sometimes also Previous Source and Term Note.
Translation of Menus, Commands and Buttons
When translating menus, commands, and buttons, you should translate a verb as a verb (infinitive form), unless
there is a good reason not to do so. Always try to establish whether a word is a noun or a verb, using all available
context and material.
Translation of Checkboxes and Radio Buttons
The text for checkboxes and radio buttons does not typically address the user directly.
Punctuation in the source text often indicates whether a string is to be interpreted as a full sentence, but
unfortunately this is not always the case. As a general rule, checkboxes and radio buttons receive no period at the
end. If the period is there in the source text and if the string is a complete sentence, the localized string should
also end with a period. A period is also advised if the target string is a complete and complex or long sentence
(full sentence with sub-clauses or stretching over several lines).
35
Translation of Dialog Box Titles
Dialog box titles should have the same linguistic form as the corresponding menu items. This pattern is usually
observed in the source text, and the source text format is decisive here.
Translation of Tool Tips
Tool tips should be short and concise, but helpful to the users. In very many cases, they have exactly the same
linguistic form as menus, commands or buttons and use an impersonal style without a period, but in other cases
they serve as short explanations and address the user directly (see for instance the extended tool tips in Office
2007). A consistent and usability-centered approach should be taken.
Messages
Messages are localized based on the Malay Language grammatical and linguistic rules.
Status Messages
What is a Status Bar Message?
A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as
about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window
when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar
messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below).
Malay Style in Status bar Messages
In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In
Malay, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below.
Name
Edit
Malay Name
(+) Edit
Category
English Status Bar
message
Malay Status Bar
message
menu
Contains editing commands
(+) Mengandungi perintah
penyuntingan
36
Name
Malay Name
Copy to
Folder...
(+) Salin ke Folder…
New
(+) Baru
Category
English Status Bar
message
Malay Status Bar
message
menu
Copies the selected items to
a new location
(+) Menyalin item yang
dipilih ke lokasi baru
command
Creates a new document
(+) Mencipta dokumen
baru
Make object visible?
(+) Jadikan objek
kelihatan?
Word is converting the
document. Press Esc to
stop.
(+) Word sedang
menukar dokumen. Tekan
kekunci Esc untuk
menghentikannya.
Datasheet View
(+) Paparan Helaian Data
Done
(+) Selesai
The importance of standardization
In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same
meaning. Try to avoid this in the localized Malay version. Use one standard translation as in the examples below:
English term
Correct Malay translation
Press F1 to get Help
(+) Untuk mendapatkan Bantuan, Tekan F1
If you want Help press F1
To get Help press F1
Not enough memory
(+) Ingatan tidak mencukupi
Insufficient memory
There is not enough memory
Save changes to %1?
(+) Simpan perubahan ke %1?
Do you want to save changes to %1?
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Error Messages
What Is An Error Message?
Here is an example:
Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that
must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to
take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer.
Malay Style in Error Messages
It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just
translate as they appear in the US product.
The main principles for translation are clarity, comprehensibility, and consistency
Error messages written in US-English are occasionally inconsistent. As you localize the software into Malay, you
should ensure that you use a standard phrase for error messages that have the same meaning and purpose in
the US-English version.
Standard Phrases in Error Messages
When translating standard phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the
same thing.
The following table provides US-English examples of inconsistent error messages and their corresponding,
standardized Malay:
English
Translation
Example
Comment
Cannot …
(+) Fail tidak dapat
dijumpai
(+) File could not be found
No past or present tense
in Malay
(+) Gagal untuk
menyambung
(+) Failed to connect
Could not …
Failed to …
Failure of …
Cannot find …
Could not find …
Unable to find …
(+) Tidak dapat mencari
perisian pemacu
(+) File cannot be found
(+) Failure to connect
(+) Cannot find driver
software
(+) Could not find driver
38
English
Translation
Unable to locate …
Example
Comment
software
(+) Unable to find driver
software
(+) Unable to locate driver
software
(+) Not enough memory
Not enough memory
Insufficient memory
Insufficient memory
There is not enough memory
(+) Kekurangan ingatan
There is not enough memory
available
... is not available
... is unavailable
(+) There is not enough
memory
(+) There is not enough
memory available
(+) Perintah itu tidak
tersedia
(+) The command is not
available
(+) The command is
unavailable
Error Messages Containing Placeholders
When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is
necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase.
Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below:
%d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number>
%c means <letter>
%s means <string>
Examples of error messages containing placeholders:
"Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>".
"INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section".
When localizing error messages containing placeholders, find out what text will replace the placeholder when the
user sees the error message. This process is necessary because you must ensure the resulting sentence will be
grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase. Most source strings have
instructions that detail what text will replace the placeholder.
In the English source string, placeholders are found in the position where they would naturally occur in that
language. Since in English numerals typically precede the noun, the numeral placeholders typically precede the
noun in the source strings. If the numeral follows the noun it modifies in Malay, you have to move the placeholder
after the noun.
39
Keys
The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency,
most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys,
key combinations and key sequences.
In English, References to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not
in small caps).
Keys which are physically printed with English word on the keyboard are not translated in Malay. Unless, for
symbols, please translate it accordingly, e.g. Arrow Up, Down, Left, Right.
Access Keys/Hot keys
Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters
refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly.
“Hot keys” are a combination of keys such as ALT+F or Ctrl+S that move the focus to a menu, command, or
control, without using the mouse.
Hot key special options
Usage: is it allowed?
"Slim characters", such as i, l, t, r, f
can be used as hot key
Example: Alat
Characters with downstrokes, such
as g, j, y, p and q can be used as
hotkeys
Yes
Notes
Yes
40
Hot key special options
Usage: is it allowed?
Notes
N/A
Malay language does not include
any extended character.
Yes
Any single letter available on the
keyboard can be used.
A number, appearing (between
brackets or not) after item name, can
be used as hotkey
Example: Opsyen 3 / Opsyen (3)
Yes
Any single letter available on the
keyboard can be used.
A punctuation sign, appearing
(between brackets or not) after item
name, can be used as hotkey
Example: Opsyen > / Opsyen (>)
Yes
Any single letter available on the
keyboard can be used.
Note that it can be difficult to see the
hotkey underline for these characters
Example: Opsyen
Extended characters can be used as
hotkeys
Example: N/A
An additional letter, appearing
(between brackets or not) after item
name, can be used as hotkeys
Example: Opsyen w / Opsyen (w)
Additional notes: n/a
Arrow Keys
The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input
focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control.
Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control
group using arrow keys.
Numeric Keypad
It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by
a given application. In case which keys to be pressed is not obvious, provide necessary explanations.
Shortcut Keys
Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software
application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and they are sometimes given next to the command they
represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys
can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen.
41
Standard Shortcut Keys
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Malay
Command
Malay
Shortcut key
General Windows Shortcut keys
Help window
F1
Tetingkap bantuan
F1
Context-sensitive Help
Shift+F1
Bantuan peka konteks
Shift+F1
Display pop-up menu
Shift+F10
Paparkan menu timbul
Shift+F10
Cancel
Esc
Batal
Esc
Activate\Deactivate
menu bar mode
F10
Aktifkan/Nyahaktifkan mod bar
menu
F10
Switch to the next
primary application
Alt+Tab
Beralih ke aplikasi utama
berikutnya
Alt+Tab
Display next window
Alt+Esc
Paparkan tetingkap berikutnya
Alt+Esc
Display pop-up menu
for the window
Alt+Spacebar
Paparkan menu timbul untuk
tetingkap
Alt+Spacebar
Display pop-up menu
for the active child
window
Alt+-
Paparkan menu timbul untuk
tetingkap anak yang aktif
Alt+-
Display property sheet
for current selection
Alt+Enter
Paparkan helaian sifat untuk
pilihan semasa
Alt+Enter
Close active
application window
Alt+F4
Tutup tetingkap aplikasi yang
aktif
Alt+F4
Switch to next window
within (modelesscompliant) application
Alt+F6
Beralih ke tetingkap berikutnya
dalam aplikasi (patuh tanpa mod)
Alt+F6
Capture active window
image to the Clipboard
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Tangkap imej tetingkap aktif ke
Papan Klip
Alt+Prnt Scrn
Capture desktop
image to the Clipboard
Prnt Scrn
Tangkap imej desktop ke Papan
Klip
Prnt Scrn
Access Start button in
taskbar
Ctrl+Esc
Capai butang Start dalam bar
tugas
Ctrl+Esc
Display next child
window
Ctrl+F6
Paparkan tetingkap anak
berikutnya
Ctrl+F6
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US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Malay
Command
Malay
Shortcut key
Display next tabbed
pane
Ctrl+Tab
Paparkan anak tetingkap bertab
berikutnya
Ctrl+Tab
Launch Task Manager
and system
initialization
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
Lancarkan Pengurus Tugas dan
pemulaan sistem
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
File Menu
File New
Ctrl+N
File New
Ctrl+N
File Open
Ctrl+O
File Open
Ctrl+O
File Close
Ctrl+F4
File Close
Ctrl+F4
File Save
Ctrl+S
File Save
Ctrl+S
File Save as
F12
File Save as
F12
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
File Print Preview
Ctrl+F2
File Print
Ctrl+P
File Print
Ctrl+P
File Exit
Alt+F4
File Exit
Alt+F4
Edit Menu
Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
Edit Repeat
Ctrl+Y
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
Edit Cut
Ctrl+X
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
Edit Copy
Ctrl+C
Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
Edit Paste
Ctrl+V
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Delete
Ctrl+Backspace
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
Edit Select All
Ctrl+A
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
Edit Find
Ctrl+F
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
Edit Replace
Ctrl+H
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
Edit Go To
Ctrl+B
Help Menu
Help
F1
Help
F1
Font Format
43
US
Command
US English
Shortcut Key
Malay
Command
Malay
Shortcut key
Italic
Ctrl+I
Italic
Ctrl+I
Bold
Ctrl+G
Bold
Ctrl+G
Underlined\Word
underline
Ctrl+U
Underlined\Word underline
Ctrl+U
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Large caps
Ctrl+Shift+A
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Small caps
Ctrl+Shift+K
Paragraph Format
Centered
Ctrl+E
Centered
Ctrl+E
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
Left aligned
Ctrl+L
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
Right aligned
Ctrl+R
Justified
Ctrl+J
Justified
Ctrl+J
Document Translation Considerations
Document localization may require some specific considerations that are different from software localization. This
section covers a few of these areas.
Titles
In English the titles for chapters usually begin with "How to …" or with phrases such as "Working with …" or
"Using …". In the Malay version of Microsoft documentation, please translate it accordingly based on the English
text.
Example:
English: The Microsoft Word is a word-processor software launched in 1983 by the Microsoft Corporation
Malay: (+) Microsoft Word adalah perisian pemprosesan kata yang dilancarkan pada tahun 1983 oleh Microsoft
Corporation
Copyright
Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from
which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated.
Proper nouns and copyrighted product names should always be capitalized.
Example: (+) Hak cipta @ 2005 ESL Pro Systems Ltd. Hak cipta terpelihara
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