CHAPTER 2, SECTION 1 – SOLIDS, LIQUIDS,
AND GASES
PA STANDARDS:
3.2.C.A1 – Differentiate
between physical and chemical
properties of matter
22. CHAPTER 2, SECTION 1:
Matter is classified by “state” including  Solids
 Liquids, or
 Gases


The state depends on the temperature.
Solid, Liquids, and Gases
Animation
(Click on this link, then
open the “States of Matter
Animation”
23. PROPERTIES OF THE STATES OF MATTER

Solids, liquids and gases are defined by:
 Shape
 Volume
(space occupied)
 Particle motion
24. SHAPE OF A SOLID:
There is a definite shape
 Two shape types exist:

 Crystalline
solids – particles have a
definite pattern arrangement
(ex: salt, sand, or ice crystals)
 Amorphous
solids – particles do not
have a definite pattern arrangement
(ex: plastic, glass, rubber)
25. VOLUME OF A SOLID:
Every solid has a definite volume
 Its volume is easily measured
by (L x W x H)


or through water displacement
26. PARTICLE MOTION IN SOLIDS:

Particles are packed close together

They move, but only vibrating in place
27. SHAPE OF A LIQUID:

Does not have a definite shape

Takes the shape of any container
28. VOLUME OF A LIQUID:
Has a definite volume
 Not compressible (the volume can’t be
squeezed smaller)

29. PARTICLE MOTION IN LIQUIDS
Particles are free to move around and
change location
 Movement makes a liquid “fluid” (able to flow)
 Fluids have differing “viscosity” (resistance to flow)


Low viscosity = thin liquids
that flow quickly (ex: water)

High viscosity = thick liquids
that flow slowly (ex: molasses)
30. SHAPE OF A GAS:
Has no definite shape
 Forms shapeless mist, or takes the shape of a
container

31. VOLUME OF A GAS:
Has no definite volume since the volume
changes with the size of the container
 Can be compressed to fit in a small container
or will expand to fill a larger one

32. PARTICLE MOTION IN A GAS:
Particles move at high speeds
 Particles spread apart to fill the available space
 Gases can flow (like liquids)

View an animation comparing the particle motion in
solids, liquids, and gases by right clicking this link,
then select “Open Hyperlink”:

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/c
haracter.html
VISUAL REVIEW
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/state.html
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES SIMULATIONS
Click on the following to view how particles
behave in the different states of matter
 States of Matter and Particle Behavior
 Next, click this site then open “Solids, Liquids
and Gases”:
 States of Matter in Our Environment
