ArtificialIntelligence
intheWorld
Prof.Levy
FrommInstitute
SpringSession,2017
Lecture3agenda
•Robots – laws,applications,technology,examples,impact
•Historyofcomputing– 1965- 1980
•KeypeopleinAI– AndrewNg
•ReviewofkeyquestionsaboutAI– appliedtorobots
Asimov’sLawsofRobotics(1942)
• Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingor,throughinaction,allowa
humanbeingtocometoharm.
• Arobotmustobeytheordersgivenitbyhumanbeingsexceptwhere
suchorderswouldconflictwiththeFirstLaw.
• Arobotmustprotectitsownexistenceaslongassuchprotection
doesnotconflictwiththeFirstorSecondLaws.
Asimov’s0thLaw
• Arobotmaynotharmhumanity,or,byinaction,
allowhumanitytocometoharm.
• Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingor,throughinaction,allowahumanbeingto
cometoharm.
• Arobotmustobeytheordersgivenitbyhumanbeingsexceptwheresuchorderswould
conflictwiththeFirstLaw.
• Arobotmustprotectitsownexistenceaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwith
theFirstorSecondLaws.
• (seeWikipedia)
Technologyneededforhomerobots
• Standardprotocolsforcommunication
• WiFi,Internet(TCP/IP),Bluetooth
• Communicationwithcentralcomputer
• &withotherbotsinthehome
• Communicationwithbotinthecar
• Communicationwithonline webservices
• Voicecommunicationbots(speech)
• Locomotion?
Robotsathome(1)
• “Smarthome”centralplatform(computer)
• Nest – thermostat,smoke&firedetector,…
• Alexa,Siri,Google,Cortana inthehome
• Speechrecognition,connectedtoInternet
Robotsathome(2)
• Howdoweestablishtrust withahomerobot?
• AI/robotwith“ArtificialEmotion”(AE)
• Voicetone,attitude,gesturesthatcommunicatefeelings
• Annoyingrobots
• Robocalls
• Countermeasure:roboanswerer??
Robotsathome(3)
• Annoyingrobots
• Robocalls
• Countermeasure:roboanswerer??
• AIinmarketing– marketingtoyourhomebot
• McKinseyexhibit:marketingtothesmarthome
Someunusualrobotsindevelopment(1)
• +Cozmo Apalm-sizedrobot,fromAnki inSanFrancisco
• +BallBot (Carnegie-MellonUniversity)
• +Jackrabbot (StanfordUniversity)
• +SoftRobot-Octopus (Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna,Pisa,Italy)
• +BERT2 – ahumanoid/expressiverobot
• (UniversityCollegeLondonandtheUniversityofBristol
Someunusualrobotsindevelopment(2)
• Robotsuit/JeffBezos
• https://youtu.be/8NHwvbVyKi0
• Erica/HiroshiIshiguro
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57Maw9Sn89w
• (1:45– 4:30)(10:30– 11:40)(13:30toend)
Someunusualrobotsindevelopment(3)
• Roboticcheetah – Univ.ofTwente (NL)
• https://www.utwente.nl/en/news/!/2017/4/21747/ut-researchercreates-robotic-cheetah
• Robotsinsurveillance teams – Cornell/ONR
PeopleofAI– AndrewNg
• AndrewNgisVP&ChiefScientistofBaidu;
• Co-ChairmanandCo-FounderofCoursera;
• AdjunctProfessoratStanford University.
• In2011heledthedevelopmentofStanfordUniversity’smain
MOOC (MassiveOpenOnlineCourses)platform
• taughtanonlineMachineLearningclassthatwasofferedto
over100,000students,leadingtothefoundingofCoursera.
AndrewNgcurrentwork
• Ngworksonmachinelearningwithanemphasisondeeplearning.
• Hefoundedandledthe“GoogleBrain”projectwhichdeveloped
massive-scaledeeplearningalgorithms.Thisresultedinthefamous
“Googlecat”result,inwhichamassiveneuralnetworkwith1billion
parameterslearnedfromunlabeledYouTubevideostodetectcats.
• Hecontinuestoworkondeeplearninganditsapplicationsto
computervisionandspeech,includingsuchapplicationsas
autonomousdriving.
AndrewNgonAI
• WhatdoesAndrewNgthinkaboutDeepLearning?
• Whenwillself-drivingcarsbeavailabletoconsumers?
• AndrewNgblogonjobdisplacement
• IsA.I.anexistentialthreattohumanity?
• http://www.andrewng.org/
History– from1965to1980(1)
• 1965– TedNelson– hypertext
• 1967– ARPANET designbegins(leadstoInternet)
• 1968– DougEngelbart – “TheMotherofallDemos”
• Mouse,Desktop,Pull-downmenu,Hypertext
• 1972– NolanBushnell,AlAlcorn– Pong (Atari)
• 1973– XeroxPARC
• Alto AlanKay–;Ethernet BobMetcalfe
History– from1965to1980(2)
• 1975– hobbycomputers
• Altair
• BASIC programminglanguage(BillGates&PaulAllen)
• AppleI(SteveJobs&SteveWozniak)
• 1977– firstcommercialPC– Apple][
• 1979– SteveJobs visitsXeroxPARC,seestheAlto
• whichleadstoLisa/Macintosh
• 1980– IBMcommissionsMicrosofttodevelop
• anOperatingSystem(PC-DOS)fortheIBMPC(1981)
Keyquestions
• IsitAIorIA?
• Intelligenceinamachinevs.Augmentationforahuman
• Whatisintelligence?
• Inmachines
• Reading&writingasdistinguishingcharacteristics?
• Whatisconsciousness?
• Canamachineeverbecomeconscious?
• Fictionalview?
• SciFi – uploadingmyconsciousness/personalityintoamachine
• SciFi – creatingasyntheticworldformyconsciousness
• TheMatrix