From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
List of Greek phrases
List of Greek phrases
List of Greek Phrases/Proverbs
π = 3,1415926...
Αα
Ἀεὶ
ὁ
θεός
ὁ
μέγας
γεωμετρεῖ τό
σύμπαν
3
1
4
1
5
9
6
3
1
4
1
5
9 letters
letters letter letters letter letters
(h)a
Aγεωμέτρητος μηδεὶς εἰσίτω
Ageōmetrētos mēdeis eisitō.
2
2
6
letters letters
Aετοῦ γῆρας, κορυδοῦ νεότης
Aëtou gēras, korydou neotēs.
"Let no-one without knowledge of geometry
enter". Motto over the entrance to Plato’s
Academy (quoted in Elias’ commentary on
Aristotle’s Categories).
"An eagle’s old age (is worth) a sparrow’s youth".
Aεὶ Λιβύη φέρει τι κακόν / καινόν
Aei Libyē pherei ti kakon / kainon.
"Libya always bears something evil / new",
Aristotle, Historia Animalium. (Cf. Latin Ex Africa
semper aliquid novi, "From Africa always something
new" -Pliny)
Motto of the Boston College
Aἰὲν ἀριστεύειν
aien aristeuein
Ἀεὶ κολοιὸς παρὰ κολοιῷ ἱζάνει
„Ever to Excel“
Aεὶ κολοιὸς παρὰ κολοιῷ ἱζάνει
Aei koloios para koloiōi hizanei.
"Ever to Excel" is the English translation of the Ancient
Greek motto of the University of St Andrews (founded
1410), the Edinburgh Academy (founded 1824), and Boston College (founded 1863).
It is derived from the sixth book of Homer’s Iliad,
(Iliad 6. 208) in a speech Glaucus delivers to Diomedes:
"Hippolocus begat me. I claim to be his son, and he sent
me to Troy with strict instructions: Ever to excel, to do
better than others, and to bring glory to your forebears,
who indeed were very great ... This is my ancestry; this is
the blood I am proud to inherit."
"A jackdaw is always found near a jackdaw", i.e.
"birds of a feather flock together."
Aεὶ ὁ θεὸς γεωμετρεῖ
Aei ho theos geōmetrei.
"God always geometrizes", Plato
Aεὶ ὁ θεὸς ὁ μέγας γεωμετρεῖ τό σύμπαν
Aei ho theos ho megas geōmetrei to sympan.
Aνάγκᾳ δ’οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται
Anankāi d’oude theoi machontai.
"Always the great god applies geometry to
everything", A mnemonic for π (pi)
"Even the Gods do not fight necessity", Simonides,
8, 20.
1
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List of Greek phrases
Γγ
Aνδρῶν γαρ ἐπιφανῶν πᾶσα γῆ τάφος
Andrōn gar epiphanōn pasa gē taphos.
g
For illustrious men have the whole earth for their
tomb. Pericles’ Funeral Oration from Thucydides,
The Peloponnesian War 2.43.1
Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος
Anerriphthō kybos.
Alea iacta est.
"The die has been cast." Pronounced by Julius
Caesar when he entered Italy with his army in 49
BC. The phrase is reported in greek by Plutarch but
in latin by Suetonius.
Aνθρωπος μέτρον
Anthrōpos metron.
"Man the measure (of all things)", motto of
Protagoras.
Ἅπαξ λεγόμενον
Hapax legomenon.
Owl on the Greek Euro coin
Γλαῦκ’ Ἀθήναζε / Γλαῦκ’ εἰς Ἀθήνας
Glauk’ Athēnaze / Glauk’ eis Athēnas.
"Once said", i.e. a word that only occurs once in a
text or body of literature.
"Owls (drachma coins) to Athens", i.e. coals to
Newcastle, ice to the Eskimos.
Aπὸ μηχανῆς Θεός
Apo mēchanēs Theos
Γνῶθι σεαυτόν
Gnōthi seauton.
Deus ex machina
"God out of the machine"
"Know thyself" — the motto over the entrance to
the temple of Apollo at Delphi, as well as the motto
of Hamilton College, a small liberal arts college in
the United States.
Aριστον μὲν ὕδωρ
Ariston men hydōr.
"Greatest however is water", Pindar, Olymp. 1, 1.
Used as the inscription over the Pump Room at
Bath.
Δδ
d
Ββ
b
βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν
basileia tōn ouranōn
"Kingdom of Heaven"
Βρῶμα θεῶν
Brōma theōn.
Deimos and Phobos
Δεῖμος καὶ Φόϐος
"Food of the gods" — allegedly said by Nero of the
poisoned mushrooms with which his mother
Agrippina the younger murdered Claudius.
Δεῖμος καὶ Φόβος
Deimos kai Phobos
"panic and fear"
2
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List of Greek phrases
Deimos and Phobos are moons of Mars. They are
named after the Greek god Deimos, a figure
representing panic in Greek Mythology and Phobos
(which means "fear"), sons of Ares (Mars).
Διαίρει καὶ βασίλευε
Diairei kai basileue.
"Divide and rule".
Δῶς μοι πᾶ στῶ καὶ τὰν γᾶν κινάσω
Dōs moi pā stō, kai tan gān kināsō.
"Give me a place to stand and I will move the
earth". Attributed to Archimedes.
Εε
(h)e
Εἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος, ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης
Eis oiōnos aristos, amynesthai peri patrēs
Εὕρηκα!
that the volume of irregular objects could be
calculated with precision, a previously intractable
problem. He was so excited that he ran through the
streets naked and still wet from his bath, crying "I
have found it!".
"There is only one omen, that a man should fight
for his country" — Hector to Polydamas when the
latter was superstitious about a bird omen. The
omen was an eagle that flew with a snake in its
talons, still alive and struggling to escape. The
snake was twisting itself backwards till it struck
the bird on the neck, forcing the eagle to let the
snake fall. (Homer, Iliad, 12).
Ζζ
Ηη
Ἓν οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα
Hen oida hoti ouden oida
(h)ē
"I know one thing, that I know nothing", (Socrates,
paraphrased from Plato’s Apology)
Ἐπεὶ δ’ οὖν πάντες ὅσοι τε περιπολοῦσιν φανερῶς καὶ
ὅσοι φαίνονται καθ’ ὅσον ἂν ἐθέλωσιν θεοὶ γένεσιν
ἔσχον, λέγει πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁ τόδε τὸ πᾶν γεννήσας τάδε
Epei d’ oun pantes hōsoi te peripolousin phanerōs kai
hōsoi phainontai kath’ hōson an ethelōsin theoi genesin
eschon, legei pros autous ho tode to pan gennēsas tade
"When all of them, those gods who appear in their
revolutions, as well as those other gods who
appear at will had come into being, the creator of
the universe addressed them the following" (Plato,
Timaios on gods and the creator of the universe)
Maniot flag: Νίκη ἢ Θάνατος - Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς "Victory or
Death : Either With [Your Shield] or On It"
Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς
Ē tan ē epi tas
Εὕρηκα!
Heurēka!
"Either with it, or on it", "Either with your shield,
or upon it " - meaning "either you will win the
battle, or you will die and then be carried back
home on your shield".
"Eureka!" — while Archimedes was taking a bath,
he noticed that the level of the water rose as he got
in; having suddenly discovered that the volume of
water displaced must be equal to the volume of the
part of his body he had submerged. This meant
3
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List of Greek phrases
It was said by Spartan mothers to their sons before
they went out to battle to remind them of their
bravery and duty to Sparta and Greece. A hoplite
could not escape the field of battle unless he tossed
away the heavy and cumbersome shield. Therefore
losing one’s shield meant desertion. (Plutarch,
Moralia, 241)
Luke chapter 4:23. Luke the Evangelist was himself
a physician.
Ἡ φύσις οὐδὲν ποιεῖ ἅλματα.
Hē physis ouden poiei halmata.
"Nature does not make (sudden) jumps."
A principle of natural philosophies since Aristotle’s
time, the exact phrase coming from Carl von Linné.
Latin: Natura non facit saltus.
ΙΧΘΥΣ: Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς Θεοῦ Υἱὸς Σωτήρ
Θθ
Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς Θεοῦ Υἱὸς Σωτήρ
Iēsous Christos Theou Hyios Sōtēr
th
Θάλασσα καὶ πῦρ καὶ γυνή, κακὰ τρία
Thalassa kai pŷr kai gynē, kaka tria.
"Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour." As an acronym:
ΙΧΘΥΣ (Ichthys) — "fish".
"Sea and fire and woman, three evils."
Ισχύς μου η Αγάπη του Λαού.
"Ischys mū i agapi tou laou."
Θάλαττα, θάλαττα.
Thalatta, thalatta.
"The people’s love, my strength.“
„The Sea! The Sea!“
Motto of the Royal House of Glücksburg.
Thalatta! Thalatta! from Xenophon’s Anabasis. It
was the shouting of joy when the roaming 10,000
Greeks saw Euxeinos Pontos (the Black Sea) from
Mount Theches (Θήχης) in Armenia after
participating in Cyrus the Younger’s failed march
against Persian Empire in the year 401 BC.
Κκ
k, c
θέρος, τρύγος, πόλεμος.
Theros, trygos, polemos.
„Summer, autumn, war.“
Ιι
Marcus Junius Brutus
(h)i
Ἰατρέ, θεράπευσον σεαυτόν·
Iatre therapeuson seauton;
Καὶ σὺ τέκνον;
Kai sy teknon;
"Physician, take care of your own self!"
"And thou, my child?" or "Even you, my child?" (Et
tu, Brute?)
"Medice cura te ipsum."
This is a Latin injunction, urging physicians to care
for and heal themselves first, before dealing with
patients. It was made famous in the Latin
translation of the Bible, the Vulgate. The proverb
was quoted by Jesus, recorded in the Gospel of
On March 15, 44 BC, Julius Caesar was attacked by a
group of senators, including Marcus Junius Brutus,
a senator and Caesar’s close friend. Caesar initially
resisted his attackers, but when he saw Brutus, he
supposedly spoke those words and resigned
himself to his fate. It is almost certain that Caesar
4
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List of Greek phrases
did not actually say these exact words. Ancient
sources report that he either died wordlessly or
said "Καὶ σύ, τέκνον" (Kai sy, teknon?), Greek for
"You too, my child?" (Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum,
LXXXII [1]). This Latin version was made famous by
William Shakespeare, who used it in his play, Julius
Caesar (act 3, scene 1,85).
idea will be heavily criticized by Cicero who, as a
stoic, had a completely different opinion about
politics.
λέγειν τὰ λεγόμενα
Legein ta legomena
"I tell as I was told", or "I report reports"
Κακοῦ κόρακος κακὸν ὠόν
Kakou korakos kakon ōön.
From Herodotus (7,52 etc.):
Ἐγὼ δὲ ὀφείλω λέγειν τὰ λεγόμενα, πείθεσθαί γε
μὲν οὐ παντάπασι ὀφείλω.
"From a bad crow, a bad egg", i.e. like father, like
son.
Latin: Prodenda, quia prodita or Relata refero
Κακὸς ἀνὴρ μακρόβιος
Kakos anēr makrobios
Μμ
"A bad man lives long"
m
Μέτρον ἄριστον or Πᾶν μέτρον ἄριστον
Métron áriston or Pân métron áriston
Καλλίστῃ
Kallistēi
"Moderation is the best thing", literally: "there is a
perfect measure for everything" Cleobulus
"For the prettiest one", "To the most beautiful",
from the myth of the Golden Apple of Discord.
Μὴ γένοιτο
Mē genoito.
Κάτθανε, Διαγόρα, οὐ καὶ ἐς Ὄλυμπον ἀναβήσῃ
Katthane, Diagora, ou kai es Olympon anabēsē.
"Let it not be!" / "Heaven forbid!" — phrase used
by St Paul.
"Die, Diagoras, for ascend Olympus (i.e. join the gods)
you cannot" — A Spartan spectator to Diagoras of
Rhodes, a former Olympic champion himself,
during the 79th Olympiad, when his two sons
became Olympic champions and carried him
around the stadium on their shoulders.
κτῆμα ἐς ἀεί
ktēma es aei
"everlasting possession" (Thucydides)
Κύριε ἐλέησον
Kyrie eleēson.
"Lord have mercy" — a very common phrase in
Greek Orthodox liturgies, and also used in Greek in
the Roman Catholic Mass.
Archimedes: Μὴ μοῦ τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε
Λλ
Μὴ μοῦ τοὺς κύκλους τάραττε
Mē mou tous kyklous taratte.
l
Λάθε βιώσας
Lathe biōsas
"Do not disturb my circles". The last words
attributed to Archimedes, referring to the circles
in the mathematical drawing that he was
supposedly studying when disturbed by a Roman
soldier
"Live hidden", an Epicurean phrase. It synthesizes
Epicure’s dislike for politics. In fact, they trouble
men and don’t allow him to reach "inner peace" which is the main goal for Epicureans. So Epicurus
suggested that everybody should live "Hidden" far
cities, not even considering a political career. This
Μὴ χείρον βέλτιστον
Mē cheíron béltiston.
5
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List of Greek phrases
Ξξ
"The least bad [choice] is the best", when there is
no good option, one should pick the one that does
the least harm.
x
Μηδὲν ἄγαν
Mēden ágan.
"Nothing in excess" — a carving from the temple of
Apollo at Delphi.
Μηκέτι υδροπότει, αλλ’ οἴνῳ ὀλίγῳ χρῶ διὰ τὸν
στόμαχόν σου και τας πυκνάς σου ασθενείας
Mēketi hydropotei, all’ oinōi oligōi chrō dia ton
stomachon sou kai tas pyknas sou astheneias
Trireme
Drink no longer water, but take a little wine for thy
stomach’s sake, and thine often infirmities.
Ξύλινον τεῖχος
Xýlinon teîchos
— I Timothy 5:23
"wooden defensive wall" (literally and, especially,
the "walls" of ships during the Persian Wars)
Οο
(h)o
Ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι
Hoper edei deixai.
"Quod erat demonstrandum" — (abbreviated as
"ΟΕΔ") used by early mathematicians including
Euclid and Archimedes, written at the end of a
mathematical proof or philosophical argument, to
signify the proof as complete. Later it became
"QED" or the Halmos tombstone box symbol.
The words (ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ) as they are inscribed on the marble
of the modern era monument at Thermopylae.
Ου με πείσεις, καν με πείσεις
"You will not convince me even if you do convince
me"
Μολὼν λαβέ!
Molōn labe!
Οὐ φροντὶς Ἱπποκλείδῃ
Ou phrontis Hippokleidēi.
"Come take them!" — King Leonidas of Sparta, in
response to King Xerxes of Persia’s demand that
the Greek army lay down their arms before the
battle of Thermopylae.
"Hippocleides doesn’t care." From a story in
Herodotus (6.129), in which Hippocleides loses the
chance to marry Cleisthenes’ daughter after
getting drunk and dancing on his head. Herodotus
says the phrase was a common expression in his
own day.
Νν
n
Νίψον ἀνομήματα μὴ μόναν ὄψιν
Nipson anomēmata mē monan opsin
Οὖτις ἐμοὶ γ’ ὄνομα
Outis emoi g’ onoma.
"Wash the sins not only the face"
"My name is Nobody". Odysseus to Polyphemus
when asked what his name was. (Homer, Odyssey).
A palindrome inscription on fountains of
Asclepieia, later inscribed in Hagia Sophia[1]
Ππ
p
6
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List of Greek phrases
Σσ
Παπαί, Μαρδόνιε, κοίους ἐπ’ ἄνδρας ἤγαγες
μαχησομένους ἡμέας, οἳ οὐ περὶ χρημάτων τὸν ἀγῶνα
ποιεῦνται ἀλλὰ περὶ ἀρετῆς.
Papai, Mardonie, koious ep’ andras ēgages
machēsomenous hēmeas hoi ou peri chrēmatōn ton
agōna poieuntai alla peri aretēs
s
Σπεῦδε βραδέως
Speude bradeōs.
"Hasten slowly" (cf. Latin festina lente), "less haste,
more speed".
"Good heavens! Mardonius, what kind of men are
these against whom you have brought us to fight?
men who do not compete for money, but for
honour. — Spontaneous response of
Tritantaechmes, a Persian general while Xerxes
was interrogating some locals at Thermopylae.
Xerxes asked why there were so few Greek fighters
at Thermopylae. The answer was "All the others
are participating in the Olympic Games". And when
asked "what is the prize for the winner?", "An
olive-wreath" came the answer.
Σὺν Ἀθηνᾷ καὶ χεῖρα κίνει
Syn Athēnāi kai kheira kinei.
"With Athena, and move your hands", or "Goddess
Athena supports you, but you yourself must act
too." (Cf. the English "God helps those who help
themselves.")
Ττ
t
Τὰ πάντα ῥεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει.
Ta panta rhei kai ouden menei.
Πέμπε δέ μιν Λυκίην δέ, πόρεν δ’ ὅ γε σήματα λυγρὰ
γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά
pempe de min Lykiēn de, poren d’ ho ge sēmata lygra
grapsas en pinaki ptyktōi thymophthora polla
"Everything flows, nothing stands still." Heraclitus
"so he sent him to Lycia with lying letters written
on a folded tablet, containing much ill against the
bearer." Homer, Iliad - This passage allegedly
shows that Homer was familiar with writing, but
the verb γράφειν write had the primary meaning
’scratch’ so a tablet ’scratched with symbols’ might
not necessarily constitute true writing.
Τὴν δέ μεγάλην ἤπειρον, ὑφ’ ἧς ἡ μεγάλη περιέχεται
κύκλῳ θάλαττα, τῶν μὲν ἂλλων ἔλαττον ἀπέχει, τῆς δ’
Ὠγυγίας περὶ πεντακισχιλίους σταδίους.
Tēn de megalēn ēpeiron hyph’ hēs hē megalē periechetai
kyklō thalatta, tōn men allōn elatton apechei, tēs d’
Ōgygias peri pentakischilious stadious.
"The great continent which is surrounded on all
sides by the great sea, they say, lies less distant
from the others, but about five thousand stadia
from Ogygia." Plutarch on the great continent west
of the Atlantic Ocean
Πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη
Pistis, elpis, agapē
"Faith, hope, (and) love." (1 Corinthians, 13, 13.)
πύξ, λάξ, δάξ
pyx, lax, dax
Τί δύσκολον; Τὸ ἐαυτὸν γνῶναι.
Ti dyskolon? To eauton gnōnai.
"With fists, kicks, and bites"
"What is hard? To know yourself." Thales
Πύξ: πυγμή = fist, Λάξ: λάκτισμα = kick, Δάξ:
δαγκωματια = bite
Τί εὔκολον; Τὸ ἄλλῳ ὑποτίθεσθαι.
Ti eukolon? To allō hypotithestai.
Epigram describing how laypersons were chased
away from the Eleusinian Mysteries.
"What is easy? To advise others." Thales
Τί κοινότατον; Ἐλπίς. Καὶ γὰρ οἳς ἄλλο μηδέν, αὔτη
παρέστη.
Ti koinotaton? Elpis. Kai gar hois allo mēden, autē
parestē.
Ρρ
rh
Ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς
Rhododaktylos Ēōs
"What is quite common? Hope. When all is gone,
there is still hope." Thales
"Rosy-fingered dawn." Occurs frequently in the
Homeric poems.
Τί τάχιστον; Νούς. Διὰ παντὸς γὰρ τρέχει.
Ti tachiston? Nous. Dia pantos gar trechei.
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"What is the fastest? Nous (mind). It travels
through all media." Thales
Χαίρε, Καίσαρ, οἱ μελλοθάνατοι σε χαιρετούν.
Khaire Kaisar, hoi mellothanatoi se khairetoun.
Τὸ γὰρ ἡδύ, ἐὰν πολύ, οὐ τι γὲ ἡδύ.
To gar hēdy, ean poly, ou ti ge hēdy.
Hail, Caesar, those who are about to die salute you.
Latin: "Ave Caesar morituri te salutant." The first
literary attestation is in Suetonius, De Vita
Caesarum, 5 (Divus Claudius), 21, 6,
"A sweet thing tasted too often is no longer sweet."
Τὸ δὶς ἐξαμαρτεῖν οὐκ ἀνδρὸς σοφοῦ.
To dis examartein ouk andros sophou.
Χαλεπὰ τὰ καλά
Khalepa ta kala.
"To commit the same sin twice is not a sign of a
wise man."
"The good/beautiful/fine/honorable things are
difficult [to attain]." [cf Plato, Republic 4, 435c.]
Τὸ πεπρωμένον φυγεῖν ἀδύνατον.
To peprōmenon phygein adynaton.
Ψψ
"It’s impossible to escape from what is destined."
ps
Υυ
(h)y
Ὕστερον πρότερον
Hysteron proteron
"The latter one first".
Φφ
ph
The Ancient Library of Alexandria.
Ψυχῆς ἰατρεῖον :Psykhēs iatreion :hospital of the soul
The Library of Alexandria, also known as the Great
Library in Alexandria, Egypt, was once the largest
library in the world.
A story concerns how its collection grew so large:
by decree of Ptolemy III of Egypt, all visitors to the
city were required to surrender any form of
written media in any language in their possession
which, were listed under the heading "books of the
ships"; these writings were then swiftly copied by
official scribes. Sometimes the copies were so
precise that the originals were put into the Library,
and the copies were delivered to the unsuspecting
previous owners. This process also helped to create
a reservoir of books in the relatively new city.
Φοβοῦ τοὺς Δαναοὺς καὶ δῶρα φέροντας
Φοβοῦ τοὺς Δαναοὺς καὶ δῶρα φέροντας
Phobou tous Danaous kai dōra pherontas.
"Beware of the Danaans (Greeks), even bearing
gifts." Well known as a verse from the Aeneid
written by Virgil, reading (Quidquid id est) timeo
Danaos et dona ferentes.
Χχ
kh, ch
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The phrase is used "in reverse" as ἰατρεῖον ψυχῆς
as a motto for Carolina Rediviva, a university
library in Uppsala.
line is also an allusion to one of Æsop’s fables, The
Mountain in Labour.
The title to Shakespeare’s play, Much Ado about Nothing,
expresses a similar sentiment.
Ωω
See also
(h)ō
Ὦ ξεῖν’, ἀγγέλλειν Λακεδαιμονίοις ὅτι τῇδε
κείμεθα τοῖς κείνων ῥήμασι πειθόμενοι.
Ō xein’, angellein Lakedaimoniois hoti tēde
•
•
•
•
keimetha tois keinōn rhēmasi peithomenoi.
"Stranger, tell the Spartans that here we lie,
obedient to their laws." (Epigram , a single elegiac
couplet by Simonides on the dead of Thermopylae).
English words of Greek origin
Greek language
List of Greek words with English derivatives
List of Latin phrases
Notes
[1]
῎Ωδινεν ὄρος καὶ ἔτεκε μῦν.
Ōdinen oros kai eteke myn.
[2]
In the Greek alphabet, the /ps/ sound is rendered
by the single letter ψ (psi).
Horace, Ars Poetica, l. 139. Often misquoted as
Parturiunt montes, nascitur ridiculus mus.
Make a mountain out of a molehill
Horace wrote Parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus
mus;[2] "the mountains will labour, a ridiculous
mouse will be born." Horace here meant to poke
fun at heroic labours producing meager results; his
External links
• Greek proverbs on Wikiquote
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_phrases"
Categories: Quotations, Greek language, Greek words and phrases, Lists of phrases
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