Chapter 6 Guided Reading: Chemical Bonding
Section 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding
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Define: Chemical Bond –
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Nature favors arrangements in which _________________ energy is minimized. Most atoms are less
__________ exisiting by _____________ than when they are __________________. By bonding with
each other, atoms ________________ in potential energy, creating more _____________
arrangements of matter.
MAIN IDEA: Atoms form _____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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What type of electrons are involved in bonding?
Main-group metals tend to ____________ electrons to form ______________ ions, or
_______________
Non-metals tend to ____________ electrons to form _____________ ions, or ______________
Define: Ionic Bonding –
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o In purely ionic bonding, atoms ___________________ give up ______________ to other atoms
Define: Covalent Bonding –
o In a purely covalent bond, the _______________ electrons are “___________” equally be the 2
bonded atoms
Ionic or Covalent?
 Bonding between atoms of different elements is ______________ purely ionic or purely covalent. It
usually falls somewhere ________________ these two extremes, depending on how ____________
the atoms of each element attract _____________.
 Define Electronegativity –
o The degree to which bonding between atoms of 2 elements is ionic or covalent be estimated by
______________________________________________________________________________
o **We will go into more details with this in our next activity!**
 Define Polar –
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Define Nonpolar-Covalent Bond –
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Define Polar-Covalent Bond –
Section 2: Covalent Bonding & Molecular Compounds
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Many chemical _______________, including most of the chemicals that are in living things and are
produced by living things, are composed of __________________.
Define Molecule –
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Define Molecular Compound –
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Define Chemical Formula –
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Define Molecular Formula –
MAIN IDEA: Covalent bonds ________________________________________________________________
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The relative strength of ___________________ and _______________________ between the charged
particles depends on the distance separating the atoms. When the atoms first “sense” each other, the
_______________ - _____________ attraction is stronger than the electron-electron and protonproton ___________________. Thus, the atoms are ___________ to each other, and their
_______________ energy is lowered.
Define Bond Energy –
MAIN IDEA: Atoms tend to form ____________________________________________________________
 Discuss why the noble-gas atoms exist independently in nature:
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Define Electron-dot Notation –
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Define Lewis Structures –
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Define Single Bond –
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Define Multiple Bonds –
Section 3: Ionic Bonding & Ionic Compounds
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Define Ionic Compound –
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Most ionic compounds exist as _______________ solids. A crystal of any ionic compound is a ________
- _________________ network of _______________ and ________________ ions mutually attracted
to one another. As a result, in contrast to a molecular compound, an ionic compound is _______
composed of __________________, neutral units that can be isolated and examined.
The ________________ formula of an ionic compound merely represents the ____________ ratio of
the compound’s combined ions that gives electrical _______________.
Define Formula Unit –
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MAIN IDEA: Ionic Bonds form _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Describe and illustrate how Sodium and Chlorine atoms bond to form Sodium chloride:
MAIN IDEA: Difference in attraction ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
 Compare/contrast the properties discussed for Ionic and Molecular (covalent) Bonds:
MAIN IDEA: Multiple atoms can _______________________________________________________________
 Define Polyatomic Ion –
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Polyatomic ions ______________ with ions of ________________ charge to form _____________
compounds.
Section 4: Metallic Bonding
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Chemical bonding is _________________ in ______________ than it is in ionic, molecular, or covalent
compounds. The difference is reflected in the ___________ properties of metals.
MAIN IDEA: Metal electrons _________________________________________________________________
 Define Metallic Bonding –
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Discuss/describe the different Metallic Properties: