Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8781–8793, 2015
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/8781/2015/
doi:10.5194/acp-15-8781-2015-supplement
© Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
Supplement of
Seasonal variation of secondary organic aerosol tracers in
Central Tibetan Plateau
R.-Q. Shen et al.
Correspondence to: X. Ding ([email protected])
The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence.
15
16
20
(b) Methylation
17
18
Retention Time (min)
3-Methyl-1,2,3-butantricarboxylic acid (19.06)
Pinic acid (16.94)
cis-Pinonic acid (16.48)
Responses
15
-Caryophyllenic acid (29.82)
3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethylglutaric acid (24.52)
2-Methylerythritol (21.02)
3-Hydroxyglutaric acid (21.40)
2-Methylthreitol (20.56)
2,3-Dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid (20.08)
trans-2-Methyl-1,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene (17.12)
3-Methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene (16.88)
cis-2-Methyl-1,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene (16.31)
2-Methylglyceric acid (15.08)
Responses
(a) Silylation
Retention Time (min)
25
30
19
20
Figure S1 TIC of silylated (a) and methylated samples (b). Retention time of each tracer is labeled
in brackets. Green, blue, orange and red represent SOA tracers from isoprene, monoterpenes,
β-caryophyllene and aromatics, respectively.
73
73
219
(a) 2-Methylerythritol
(b) 2-Methylthreitol
219
117 147
147
117
129
129
321
277
50
100
73
150
200
250
300
277
409
350
400
450
50
147
100
150
200
250
321
300
409
350
400
450
73
(d) cis-2-Methyl-1,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene
(c) 2-Methylglyceric acid
231
147
219
233
277
50
100
73
150
200
250
157
321
300
350
50
Col 2
(e) 3-Methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene
100
150
200
250
300
350
73
(f) trans-2-Methyl-1,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene
147
231
147
215
231
244
157
319
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
50
Figure S2 EI spectra of silylated isoprene SOA tracers
100
150
200
250
300
350
83
114
(a) cis-Pinonic acid
69
69
(b) Pinic acid
83
98
128
96 98
125 128
109
167
50
100
139 151
183
150
200
50
100
184
150
200
73
(c) 3-Methyl-1,2,3-butantricarboxylic acid
(d) 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid
85
155
114
147
146
145
187
215
185
133
216
349
259
231
50
100
150
200
250
50
100
150
200
250
333
300
350
73
(e) 3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethylglutaric acid
147
217
185
232
50
100
150
200
377
287
259
250
392
300
350
400
Figure S3 EI spectra of methylated (a-c) and silylated (d and e) monoterpene SOA tracers
400
73
73
(a)-Caryophyllenic acid
(b) 2,3-Dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid
147
147
383
309
217
189
263 293
50
100
150
200
250
300
217
203 230
350
400
50
100
150
200
259 277
250
305 321 349
300
350
Figure S4 EI spectra of silylated SOA tracers from β-caryophyllene (a) and aromatics (b)
400
.20
.30
T
.25
Yield
.15
Yield

T
.20
.10
.15
.05
.10
0.00
.05
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
Temperature (K)
Figure S5 Temperature dependence of α-pinene emission rate (γT) and SOA yield
.8
p = 0.108
DHOPA (ng m-3)
.6
.4
.2
0.0
0
1
2
3
Levoglucosan (ng m-3)
Figure S6 Scatter plot of DHOPA and levoglucosan
4
5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure S7 Global distribution of population density in 2000 (a), AOT (b), tropospheric
NO2 VCD (b), and surface CO (d) in May 2013. The area within the red circle is the
northern India subcontinent.
Table S1 Estimation of measurement uncertainty
Tracer formula
Surrogates
cis-Pinonic acid
C10H16O3
cis-Pinonic acid
1
Pinic acid
C9H14O4
Pinic acid
30
3-Methyl-1,2,3-butantricarboxylic acid
C8H12O6
cis-Pinonic acid
C10H16O3
60
1
60
3-Hydroxyglutaric acid
C5H8O5
cis-Pinonic acid
C10H16O3
95
1
95
3-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethylglutaric acid
C7H12O5
cis-Pinonic acid
C10H16O3
65
1
65
cis-2-Methyl-1,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene
C5H10O3
Erythritol
C4H10O4
85
35
92
3-Methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene
C5H10O3
Erythritol
C4H10O4
85
35
92
trans-2-Methyl-1,3,4-trihydroxy-1-butene
C5H10O3
Erythritol
C4H10O4
85
35
92
2-Methylglyceric acid
C4H8O4
Erythritol
C4H10O4
20
35
40
2-Methylthreitol
C5H12O4
Erythritol
C4H10O4
15
35
38
2-Methylerythritol
C5H12O4
Erythritol
C4H10O4
15
35
38
β-Caryophyllenic acid
C13H20O4
Octadecanoic acid
C18H36O2
155
17
156
2,3-Dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid
C5H8O5
Azelaic acid
C9H16O4
90
11
91
a
Surrogate formula
ER is the difference between 100% and mean recovery of each surrogate standard.
EQ (%)
ER (%) a
Tracers
EA (%)
Table S2 Two-product model parameters for α-pinene SOA
α1
α2
0.038
0.326
K1* (mg/μg)
0.171
K2 (mg/μg)
T* (K)
H1=H2 (kcal/mol)
R (J/K mol)
0.004
308
17.5
8.314
*
Data used by Sheehan and Bowman (2001)
Reference
Sheehan, P. E., and Bowman, F. M.: Estimated effects of temperature on secondary organic aerosol
concentrations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2129-2135, 2001.