Anonymous candidate code: -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Joseph Fourier University BIO 111 – Final exam -‐ 1rst session – 15th of December, 2015 Final mark /20 Q1 : Q2 : Q3 : Q4 : Calculators and documents are not allowed -‐Time : 1h30 The exam contains 3 independent questions and 50 TRUE / FALSE items. Answer in the space allocated to each question. Give your anonymous candidate code on the top of each page. At the end of the exam, you must put all 3 pages in an exam sheet completed with the required references. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Question 1. (3.5 points) Complete legends 1 to 9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Propose a full title for the photograph ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Knowing that the magnification of the photograph is 4000 x, what would be the length of a 10 µm scale bar? ………………………………………………………………………………………… Anonymous candidate code: -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Question 2. (4.5 points) Draw a detailed scheme of the organelle N°9. What is the function of this organelle?…………………………………………………………………………………………………… On your drawing, indicate the localisation and orientation of the ATP synthase. On your drawing, indicate the localisation and orientation of the H+ gradient. Anonymous candidate code: -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Question 3. (8 points) Answer the questions by TRUE or FALSE by filling in in the table on the next page. Point system: + 0.5 point for right answers; -‐ 0.5 point for wrong answers; 0 for no response. You have 2 microscopes with the following optical characteristics : objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Ocular Magnification Numerical aperture Microscope A 10x 20x 1 Microscope B 12x 40x 0.5x The microscope B has a better resolution than the microscope A. The microscope B has a higher magnification than the microscope A. The magnification of the observed image using microscope B is 40x. The magnification of the observed image using microscope B is 2.4x greater than with microscope A. The minimal separation distance of microscope A is smaller than with microscope B. In connective tissues, cells are tightly associated. Epidermis is an epithelial tissue. The spinal cord contains nervous tissue. The mean size of animal cells is 300µm. The bacteria you observed during practicals are around the same size as plant mitochondria. Histology is the study of tissues. On a stained histological section, one can observe all the details of the internal organisation of a cell. Atoms can be seen with the transmission electron microscopes used in biology. The electron microscope can magnify the image of an object in the range of 4000x up to 200000x. After fixation, a biological sample remains alive. On the above graph, the Y-‐axis represents the opacity of the medium. On the graph, Y-‐values are inversely proportional to the number of cells in the medium. Curves A and B could correspond to two different bacterial strains cultivated in the same medium. Curves A and B could correspond to the same bacterial strain cultivated in two different media. The generation time of culture A is greater then the generation time of culture B. The generation time of culture B is 5.5 hours. At OD=0.6, both A and B cultures are in the stationary phase. At OD= 0.04, both A and B cultures are in the latency phase. At t= 20h, both A and B cultures are in the stationary phase. Phototrophic organisms use light as an energy source. Humans are autotrophic. Green plants are lithotrophic. Biological membranes are made of glycerophosphoproteins. ATP synthase is a peripherical membrane protein. The glycocalyx is made of membrane glucides. In electron microscopy, a 1000x magnification is sufficient to distinguish the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. 32. The fluidity of the membrane allows lateral diffusion of transmembrane proteins. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Anonymous candidate code: -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ 33. A lipid bilayer devoid of transmembrane proteins is impermeable. 34. Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport. 35. The electrochemical gradient is the driving force for passive transport. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. On the above figure, if [A]int > [A]ext, then B is transported from the inside to the outside. If [A]int > [A]ext and if [B]ext > [B]int, then B is transported from the inside to the outside. The type of transporter described in the propositions 36 and 37 is called an antiport. The transport of B is saturable. Exocytosis vesicles transport clathrine towards the extra-‐cellular medium. Vesicular traffic is necessary for the secretion of glycoproteins. Cell respiration takes place in the mitochondria of animal cells, and in the chloroplasts of plant cells. The products of the Krebs cycle are CO2 and NADH. O2 is the electron donor in the respiratory chain. H2O is the electron donor in the photosynthetic chain. Protein transcription occurs in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes and transfer RNA are necessary for translation. Interphase chromosomes do not exist. In human cells at the end of mitosis, each daughter cell contains 23 chromosomes with 2 chromatids. After mitosis of a 2n cell, each daughter cell contains 2n chromosomes. Cross in the box corresponding to your answer. N° True False N° True False N° True False N° True False N° True False 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Anonymous candidate code: -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ Question 4. (4 points) – From the gene to the secreted protein. Legend the following scheme in the answering table. Be aware to distinguish structures and cellular localisations (numbered 1 to 14) from cellular process (A to F). Legends must be precise and written (no abbreviation). A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 F 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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