Social Studies: Chapter 5 Study Guide – Beginnings of an American Identity
(Use the blank spaces to draw pictures that will help you remember!)
Who controlled the original 13 Great Britain
colonies?
The Great Awakening
•
Religious movement in the colonies (1730s – 1740s) when
eople left their churches and started new religions (like the
Baptists). In other words, people attended a wider variety
of churches.
•
Encouraged the idea of equality among people/religions,
and the right to challenge authority (“Religious
Town Meetings
•
Pluralism”)
The New England colonists had town meetings, which took
place in meetinghouses
•
Town meetings were used for both church services and
government affairs.
English Bill of Rights
•
People were given the right to complain about their
Parliament without being arrested (this became our right
to free speech!)
•
ALSO guaranteed that people would have no taxation without
representation (new taxes had to have the government’s
approval, and not just that of the king or queen)
•
Served as a model for the U.S Bill of Rights
Magna Carta
English document that guaranteed important rights to free
Englishmen, and eventually ALL people in England.
It guaranteed the rights to:
•
trial by a jury of peers (people like you)
•
no unlawful searches and seizures (the police or the
government could not take your property, or search it,
Albany Plan of Union
•
without a legal reason to)
Ben Franklin’s formal proposal to unite the colonies for
defense against their enemies
John Locke
•
•
Franklin’s plan was rejected by colonial legislatures
Enlightenment philosopher who argued that people had
natural rights to life, liberty and property
•
He thought that governments should protect those rights.
•
If governments FAIL to grant or protect those rights, the
people have the right to change it.
French and Indian War
CAUSES:
1. Conflict over land to the west of the Appalachian mountains
because of competition between the British and the French
**Be able to write out TWO of
these for the test!**
over control of the profitable fur trade.
(There were lots of animals out there. Both the British and the
French wanted control so they could sell the furs for money.)
In Europe, this is called the 7years war!
2. Control over the fur trade (see above)
3. Religion: England was trying to prevent the spread of
Catholicism by the French)
Can you tell why the war was
called the French and Indian
4. Struggle for supremacy – England and France had battled
for a long time over who should have power in North America
War?
Why did most of the Native
•Most Native Americans supported the French because they were
American tribes support the
like business partners in the fur trade, and were viewed as less
French during the French and of a threat to their land
Indian war?
•Most of the Native Americans’ dealings with England ended up
being bad for them, so they trusted the French more
• (the Native Americans were afraid the English would
continue to take more and more land – which they did!
Pontiac’s Rebellion
•
After the French and Indian war, British traders took over
French forts and raised prices in trading with the Native
Americans. They treated Native Americans badly, and did
not do business with them fairly
•
British settlers kept claiming more and more Native
American land
•
Because of this Chief Pontiac formed an alliance of Native
American tribes to lead attacks on British forts, killing many
settlers along the frontiers of Pennsylvania and Virginia.
•
Native Americans wanted to join this rebellion because
they were so tired of being treated badly by the British!
•
Led to the Proclamation of 1763, because the expense the
war left England unable to afford to protect settlers who
wanted to move west.
Battle of Quebec
•
The turning point in the French and Indian war, when
British General James Wolfe took the most important French
Treaty of Paris
**Be able to write TWO of
•
fort at Quebec.
Officially ended the French and Indian war
•
Ended France’s power and influence in North America
•
Gave the British claim over all land in North America east of
these for the test!**
the Mississippi River
•
Gave Spain all of the land west of the Mississippi river PLUS
it also gave them New Orleans
•
Britain got Florida from Spain in exchange for giving them
Cuba and the Philippines
Proclamation of 1763
•
Issued by King George III
•
Forbid settlers to move west of the Appalachian
mountains without the king’s permission
•
Made colonists mad because they thought they had earned
the right to these lands after fighting to win it from the
French
•
Caused early hostility (anger) between the British government
and the American colonists, and eventually led to the
revolution
Parliament
Colonial governments
Person in charge: King
Person in charge: Royal Governor
Divided into two bodies: the House Divided into two bodies: the Council
of Commons and the House of Lords
and the Colonial Assembly
House of Commons – elected by the
Colonial Assembly – elected by
people
eligible colonists
House of Lords – appointed (non- Council – appointed by the governor
elected) nobles, judges and church
officials
(not elected)