#2 Latinos and Native Americans Seek Equality On Back: Origins • 1960s, Latino pop. Grows from 3 mil. to 6 mil. o Largest group ‐ Mexican Americans (mostly in Southwest) o Almost 900,000 Puerto Ricans in NYC o Cubans fleeing communism settle in NYC, New Jersey and Miami o Central Americans and Colombians escaping civil wars and poverty • Face discrimination in jobs, housing, and education On Front: What did Latinos campaign for? 1. Improved working conditions and better treatment for farm workers a. Chavez formed 2 unions, went on a 3‐week fast, launched nation‐wide boycott of grapes b. None 2. Educational programs for Spanish‐speaking students a. Various groups fought for classes taught in Spanish, smaller classes, more Chicano teachers and admins., programs to reduce dropouts, programs in Latino studies; students held strikes (Brown Berets in E. LA) b. Bilingual Education Act 3. More political power a. MAPA and La Raza Unida sponsored candidates, registered and educated voters b. None What did Native Americans campaign for? 4. Healthier, more secure lives of their own choosing a. Drafted Declaration of Indian Purpose, which advocated self‐determination and policies that would create economic opportunities on reservations b. Indian Education Act, Indian Self‐Determination and Education Assistance Act 5. Restoration of Indian lands, burial grounds, fishing and timber rights a. Used militant actions to confront gov’t: Alcatraz, Bureau of Indian Affairs in DC, and town of Wounded Knee; various groups also tried the courts b. Alaska Native Lands Claims Settlement Act