THE ECONOMY OF SHOPPING SMALL REPORT A report into Australia’s small businesses and the emotional and physical value they provide to our communities NOVEMBER 2015 • PA R T S O N E A N D T W O • Prepared by American Express With contributions from: • The Hon. Kelly O’Dwyer MP, Minister for Small Business and Assistant Treasurer • Nick Lim-Howe, Clinical Psychologist, Free Minds • Warwick Brooks, Director, Domain Advocates • Byron Rose, Rose and Jones Property Buyers Agents and Advisors FOUNDED BY TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD – THE HON. KELLY O’DWYER MP, MINISTER FOR SMALL BUSINESS AND ASSISTANT TREASURER 2 CREATING SMALL HEROES – INTRODUCTION 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 JUGGLING ‘WANTS AND NEEDS’ 6 PART 1: THE EMOTIONAL VALUE OF AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESSES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COMMUNITY 9 PART 2: THE PHYSICAL VALUE OF AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESSES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COMMUNITY 17 METHODOLOGY24 REFERENCES25 PART 3: INNOVATION AND THE FUTURE OF AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESSES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COMMUNITY RELEASE DATE: NOVEMBER 26 2015 A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 FOREWORD It gives me pleasure to write this foreword for The Economy of Shopping Small Report. As the Minister for Small Business, I am keenly aware of the positive financial and emotional impact small businesses have on the Australian economy, our community and our families. With around two million small businesses employing over 4.5 million Australians, the small business sector is one of Australia’s largest employers and is critical to the lifeblood of our economy. This report looks to identify the emotional and physical benefits small businesses afford communities across Australia, with commentary from a selection of our many wonderful small business owners. These comments and insights align with the conversations I have had with many of the small business owners I have met – their passion, drive, commitment, and sheer hard work must be recognised and celebrated, for they really are the engine room of our economy. We want small businesses to be able to grow and become even bigger businesses if that is their dream. We want them to be able to create wealth for themselves, for their families and for our nation. The Turnbull Government has a number of initiatives that create the right environment for small business, including an immediate tax deduction for every eligible asset costing less than $20,000 purchased until the end of June 2017, giving small business owners the ability to buy new assets sooner. We have improved the taxation of employee share schemes so that small business can access and retain talented employees and we will have legislation supporting crowd-sourced equity funding before the Parliament in 2015 so that small business can access new funding. Further Government small business initiatives include: • 1.5 per cent small business company tax cut • 5 per cent tax discount for unincorporated small businesses • The ability for start-ups to immediately deduct professional expenses • A wage subsidy for employers who hire job seekers and parents returning to the workforce • Changes to Pay As You Go tax thresholds, removing almost 450,000 small businesses from the system and saving small business around $67 million each year in red tape. The Shop Small movement reminds Australians that if we truly value small business and want to see them thrive, as a community we all need to show our support to ensure they are here for years to come. The Hon Kelly O’Dwyer MP Minister for Small Business and Assistant Treasurer Federal Member for Higgins A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 CREATING ‘SMALL HEROES’ – INTRODUCTION Communities are at the heart of what makes living in Australia great. Mateship and helping one another is the cornerstone of Australian society. We rise in times of struggle and turn to each other when we need a helping hand. A vital ingredient in helping make our communities what they are today, are the small businesses that form the foundation of our neighbourhoods. As with any economy, Australian small businesses face many daily challenges preventing them from becoming the Small Heroes they wish to be. Cash flow, trading conditions, competition, retaining staff and managing overheads are some of the typical issues small businesses face (Sensis, 2015). [smawl] [heer-ohs] To help combat this, innovation is becoming increasingly vital to help small business owners embrace challenges and trends and move with the times. It enables small businesses to remain relevant and successful, and empowers small businesses to move from survival, to become a Small Hero. noun Small businesses that challenge the conventional way of running a business of ‘growing at all costs’, in favour of a different set of practices and characteristics that make them nimble and intimate with their customers. But changing doesn’t mean losing any of the core values that made that business special in the first place. Being successful doesn’t have to mean big. It’s about being the best – and best is not always achieved by focusing on volume and increased turnover. Definition: Small Heroes They are our Small Heroes. They embody the very definition of customer service and intimacy. Together they form a hero-like bond across our communities, bringing distinct tangible and intangible value. Small Heroes and their businesses provide people with a place to congregate. They feel more vibrant; have a sense of spirit and diversity too. There’s a real feel good factor from walking into your local store to chat with friends and other ‘locals’. You achieve a sense of who they are, in the very place that helps shape their identity. The traits of a Small Hero play heavily to the advantages of small businesses. They can get close to and understand their customers, with capacity to change and innovate quickly with an organisational structure set-up to allow them to do so. They bring a distinct sense of emotional and physical value to not only the customer experience, but the local community experience as well. The challenge many small businesses face, is pushing beyond mere survival and a focus on financials, to understanding how they can grow without losing any of the values which help make them great. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The small businesses that line our streets are more than bricks and mortar. They are the heart and soul of our neighbourhoods. Now in its third year, Shop Small – a nationwide movement founded by American Express – is again shining the spotlight on small business. By bringing together the business community, government and consumers, it aims to support and champion the small business owners across the country: from start-up cafes and established accountants to fifth generation biscuit manufacturers and newly-shod cobblers. Recognising the importance of the small business sector, American Express commissioned a report into small businesses and the physical and emotional value they provide. The Economy of Shopping Small Report examines our community commitment to shopping small: investigating both the attitudes of proprietors, as well as the customers they depend upon. The report sought to answer a question many small business owners ask themselves daily, “How do I grow my business to be successful, yet remain small and retain my core values?” Small business owners come in many different shapes, but it used to be that size didn’t determine success. Passion, personalisation and sheer persistence has helped generations of Australian business owners stay true to their values and remain centered in their communities; this report indicates small businesses are coming to a critical junction point. The very existence of Australia’s stoic small business sector is under threat. A large majority of small business owners surveyed said financial stability was a concern heading into the future. This concern will also have a big impact on the local communities small businesses serve, in terms of the emotional and physical benefits they provide. DON’T LOSE THE EMOTION For a lot of small business owners, the reasons for ‘setting up shop’ lies just as much in wanting to pursue a dream, as it does in serving the community they live and operate in. Money is important to survive, but satisfaction through the resulting emotional benefits rank highly too. Running a small business is highly enjoyable and rewarding, It provides owners with a different lifestyle to a typical 9 to 5 job, but above all, it allows them to pursue a passion. With passion comes emotion and for small business owners, there’s a lot of ‘skin in the game’. For consumers, the emotional value a small business brings lies in the simple things in life. A friendly smile or knowing a customer’s name and order makes Australians proud to shop at their ‘local.’ The Economy of Shopping Small Report identified a range of trends around family run small businesses that make up 70 per cent of all businesses in Australia (Commonwealth of Australia, Family Businesses in Australia – different and significant: why they shouldn’t be overlooked, 2013). Family businesses represented 39 per cent of our sample. The often-intangible, emotional attributes play a large role in the success of businesses in this demographic and consumers recognise that too. Family run small businesses rank significantly higher in providing emotional value to consumers than non-family small businesses and large organisations. Often there’s a lot more at stake than merely generating revenue for these types of businesses. Small businesses deliver a level of interaction with the local community that goes beyond just serving customers. That’s the emotional tug at its strongest and why we need to ensure preservation of this sector. A big majority of Australians would miss the small businesses in their area if they were forced to close. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 4 MEASURE THE PHYSICAL Preservation of Australian small businesses starts by ensuring the books are balanced, but physical value goes beyond just being ‘in the black.’ For many small business owners, contributing and serving the community is just as big a priority for some, if not more so. Australian consumers agree small business owners bring physical value to their community in the form of aesthetics, standard of living, financial support for charities and schools, as well as employment. It is in the communities’ best interest to maintain the survival of this highly valuable sector. The physical value of small businesses has an additional knock-on effect to the physical value of property too. This report reveals that vibrant clusters of small businesses help boost nearby property prices, improve the standard of living, and shape the identity of the local community. INNOVATION – CHAMPIONING SMALL HEROES Innovation is a key ingredient towards helping small businesses deliver emotional and physical value. Many Australians are motivated to start their own small business because they found a solution to a problem, a niche in the market or a unique product or service. The report reveals innovation is associated with higher levels of success and competitive advantage over large or solely online businesses. Consumers are again in line with what business owners are saying. They agree unique products and services are important when choosing to ‘Shop Small’ and this influences them to switch to a small business. While the desire is there, Australian small businesses do not always focus on the right type of innovation. Could their concerns with cash flow and financial stability get in the way? The Economy of Shopping Small Report offers a new way of thinking that doesn’t involve a focus on financials or a solution to increase sales. Instead, it is focused on helping small businesses retain their core values and passion – the very reason they started business in the first place. Over the following pages, the report delves deeply into the three areas outlined, namely the emotional and physical value small businesses bring, before looking at the role of innovation and future challenges. SURVEY METHODOLOGY • Small business owners • Business operating in one of the selected industries SURVEY as defined by ANZSIC LENGTH: 45 minutes • Business owner is a key decision maker within the business to 1 hour • Business owner has owned the business for 6+ months Qualitative interviews with small business owners Quantitative survey of small business owners Quantitative survey of general public • Business has 1 to 20 employees (excluding the owner) • Business is not solely online • Business is not solely B2B (i.e. it has private consumer customers) • Small business owners • Business operating in one of the 5 selected industries as defined by ANZSIC: Retail, Hospitality, Travel, Professional SURVEY services and Healthcare services LENGTH: 25 minutes • Business owner is a key decision maker within the business • Business owner has owned the business for 6+ months • Business has 1 to 20 employees (excluding the owner) • Business is not solely online • Business is not solely B2B (i.e. it has private consumer customers) • Online survey conducted on sample of general public SURVEY aged between 18 to 64 LENGTH: 15 minutes • Sample weighted to be represent of Australian general population • Structured questionnaire A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 5 JUGGLING ‘WANTS AND NEEDS’ JUGGLING ‘WANTS AND NEEDS’ An interesting juxtaposition has formed around how small businesses in Australia view the need to survive, versus their want or desire to expand the business and be successful – to become a Small Hero. Additionally, 82 per cent are concerned with the cost and overheads of running a small business, with 76 per cent worried about the economic climate and 74 per cent worried about future cash flow. PARADOX ONE SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS CONCERNS FOR THE FUTURE OF THEIR BUSINESS The driving sentiment from the report is that while small business owners did not start their small business to make money, the reality is, cash flow is needed for their survival. Nearly three out of four (73 per cent) small business owners are concerned about the financial stability of their business. Most also view (89 per cent) the financial performance of the business as an important measure of the overall success of their business. SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS CONCERNS FOR THEIR BUSINESS AND MEASURES OF SUCCESS Increasing costs and overheads 82% The economic climate in Australia 76% Future cash flow 74% 89% 73% They don’t necessarily want money as a reward for what they do, but they need it to ensure survival. Thus more often than not, volume and sales will take priority over the core values of the business. Concerned about financial stability of their business Consider financial performance of their business a measure of success Herein lies our first paradox. Financial success isn’t an aspiration, but without it, the business can asphyxiate. Owners fear that becoming too focused on balancing the books may erode the wider emotional pay-offs they are pursuing, and need help in finding a stable middle ground. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 7 PARADOX TWO Herein lies the second paradox. Small business owners want their business to stay ‘small’ (56 per cent agree), yet the top three future priorities lie in the need to push their brand and business further through greater marketing and brand awareness activities (62 per cent); into new channels, such as social media (59 per cent) and new technology (57 per cent). Together this will enable them to reach a wider audience and grow the business. For small businesses the challenge can often become ‘How do I grow faster, go further, while staying rooted in the same place? How do I fuel my business without switching out the ‘moonshine’ which made it mine in the first place? SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS PRIORITIES IN RELATION TO FUTURE BUSINESS STRATEGY, LEADERSHIP AND OWNERSHIP Keep the business small 56% Invest in technology, innovation These questions may seem simple, but the answers are as complex as they are varied. One businesses elixir for success could be another’s recipe for disaster, but the key ingredient in thriving businesses is they’ve found a formula to stay true to themselves, while testing new flavours and different combinations. Without that sense of experimentation, individual businesses and the entire sector will likely sour, leaving a bad taste, not just for owners, but for consumers and communities as well. 57% Expand social media presence 59% Build marketing/branding 62% A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 8 • PA R T O N E • THE EMOTIONAL VALUE OF AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS THE EMOTIONAL VALUE They say money makes the world go round, but not for our Small Heroes, who hold emotional value close to their hearts. In this section, the report focuses on what success looks like for the business, as well as the value small businesses bring to the consumer, their community, and to society as a whole. FLEXIBLE WORKING BUT WHAT IS EMOTIONAL VALUE? Janet Smith, Toyworld It is the intangible positive feelings small business owners, consumers and the community receive from the small business sector. Women are at the helm of 43 per cent of the small businesses surveyed. Two-thirds (66 per cent) started their small business because they needed a flexible work arrangement, 14 per cent higher than men (52 per cent of men). To quote a well-known saying, ‘it’s the things money can’t buy’. “I might make a lot more money if I operated the business another way but it wouldn’t sit with my values. All my cut making and trimming is done in India. Creating employment and helping local Indian women learn to be tailors and believe in themselves – that’s a goal I’d really like to achieve with my business.” “The biggest reason customers come back to you is because they have a good feeling when they come into your store. If they are treated well, they don’t mind paying a little bit extra for great customer service.” WOMEN IN SMALL BUSINESSES 43% Two thirds started their small business because they needed a flexible work arrangement Carlie Ballard, Carlie Ballard Clothing While money is one indicator of success, entrepreneurial spirit helps provide a sense of worth. It’s an enormous challenge to step off any pre-ordained ‘career ladder’ to create your own path. Setting up a small business provides those doing so with an opportunity to ‘follow their dreams’, to be proud of their successes, and contribute to the broader community. It’s these intangibles that deliver strong emotional benefits to small business owners. They meet the emotional needs of Australians who ‘Shop Small’, even if they charge a small premium. The majority of consumers also agree that small businesses provide this positive emotional value; it breeds feelings of attachment, gives the community its identity and adds to its charm. “Flexibility and control over my personal situation was the catalyst for starting my business. Being able to spend as much time with the family, when my kids are growing up, is what made me decide to do this versus going back into where I was working for someone else. The self determination to control my own hours and take holidays when I wanted was a big plus.” Susie Fischer, Devour Fine Food WHAT IS SUCCESS? Over three-quarters (76 per cent) of small business owners agreed that setting up a small business was about pursuing a dream, vision and passion or seeking new challenges. For just over two-thirds, (68 per cent), it’s also about proving to themselves it can be done. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 0 WHAT MOTIVATES SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS TO OWN AND RUN A SMALL BUSINESS? THE EMOTIONAL VALUE SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS RECEIVE FROM THEIR BUSINESS “The lifestyle the business affords you and your family” “I wanted to pursue a vision, dream, passion or new challenge” “I wanted to prove to myself that I could do it” 76% 68% “I wanted to serve the community” 59% The pull of serving the community is strong too. Fifty-nine per cent agreed this was a major reason for setting up in the first place. “I’ve always had that entrepreneurial side of me. I wasn’t working at the time of my injury (Roy is a C1 incomplete quadriplegic) and found this and thought, great – let’s see where it goes. I’m pretty self-motivated and passionate about helping others and saw this as something that doesn’t just benefit me, but can help others.” Roy Davies, Drink Handlers When judging the success of their business, an overwhelming 91 per cent agreed it was about the level of enjoyment they received from simply working at the business. “With Australians being asked to work into a later age, we’re seeing a real shift with how people define their versions of success. It isn’t simply defined in monetary terms anymore. People are wanting to design a career and own a business that aligns to their personal passions and values. It is this congruence that people are seeking in work and life that is fueling this desire to be a small business owner. The challenge for many small business owners is how to evolve their business, yet remain true to their values and ultimately the reasons as to why they started their small business.” 83% 91% “The level of enjoyment you get from working at the business” Similarly, 83 per cent agreed success was about the lifestyle that running a small business afforded them and their family. Eighty-two per cent agreed it gave them the ability to freely pursue a passion. Seventy-nine per cent told us their business success was also about positive economic and social impact on local communities. For family run businesses, the emotional ties and value runs deep. Eighty-eight per cent love working together, while the same percentage said there was a higher level of trust and understanding between family employees compared to non-family employees. WHAT DRIVES FAMILY RUN SMALL BUSINESSES TO WORK TOGETHER? “We enjoy working together” “Higher level of trust & understanding between family employees” “We want to build a future for our family through our business” 88% 88% 84% For family run businesses, it provides owners with the satisfaction of building something for the future of the family – 84 per cent agreed this was one of the reasons why they set up in the first place. Nick Lim-Howe, Clinical Psychologist, Free Minds A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 1 “My son has been working for the business for the last 25 years. The value he brings is the loyalty and the trust. You can trust him more than anyone else. He runs it like he owns it. We’ve had good loyal staff over the years, but we have had our fair share of dishonest staff too.” Anna Cecere, Cecere’s Music THE EMOTIONAL VALUE SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS PROVIDE TO THEIR CUSTOMERS Always welcome customers with a smile 99% Personally thank all customers Know the names of all their regular customers 94% 92% VALUE TO THE CONSUMER: THE POWER OF PERSONALISATION Personalisation is a key differentiator for small businesses over their larger rivals. Being nimble and at the heart of their operation affords small business owners the luxury of getting their ‘hands dirty’, dealing with the community at large. “My wife is the office manager, she understands the business…there is stuff we can talk about after hours, which brings a lot of convenience.” In line with this, 94 per cent always personally thank their customers and 92 per cent of small business owners know the names of all their regular customers. Dr John McNamara, GP Never underestimate the cost of a smile. Even with a 10 per cent increase in prices, 42 per cent of Australians would still continue to support small family run businesses, whereas only 26 per cent would continue to support solely online businesses. “Innovation is based around trying new things and being flexible when it comes to marketing and getting your name out there.” Joe Pitari, JHP Financial Services Small business owners provide a positive emotional experience to consumers; they know their customers’ preferences, pre-empt their needs, actively take an interest in their personal lives and avert any negative feelings of risk by having ‘skin in the game’. It might be a small gesture, but it can so easily be lacking in large businesses – 99 per cent of small business owners said they always welcome their customers with a smile – first impressions count. Faced with a rational choice, emotional attachment wins over cost. While a large business will likely use technology to personalise their communications with customers, the art of putting a face to a name, remains a key advantage for those who own a business. Personalisation for small business owners goes beyond the basics however. Eighty-eight per cent know their customer preferences, favourite orders and previous purchases. Eight-three per cent can pre-empt the needs of their customers too. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 2 THE EMOTIONAL VALUE SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS PROVIDE TO THEIR CUSTOMERS Small businesses are a major focal point for the community at large. Forty-four per cent agreed their business is the heart of their community, while 42 per cent said it provided a place for local residents to socialise. THE EMOTIONAL VALUE SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS FEEL THEY ARE DELIVERING TO THE COMMUNITY 88% 83% Know their customers preferences Add to the cultural diversity Helps shape the identity Heart of the local community A place for locals to socialise 52% 52% 44% 42% Can pre-empt the needs of their customers How many large businesses with a multi-million dollar CRM systems do we know that still can’t get that right? “One thing that we look for in our business is really high quality service because that’s what sets us apart from the supermarkets. We take the time to build the relationships with our customers. So you really get to know your customers, what their names are, what their children’s names are or, who their partner is.” Seventy-five per cent believed there was a high level of interaction between the local community and their business, while 92 per cent said the local community benefits from their business too. Nick Lim-Howe, Clinical Psychologist, Free Minds comments, “Small businesses are fundamental to the way of life in communities. While there is the obvious tangible benefit they bring in the form of goods and services they provide; much of the hidden value of small businesses is entrenched in their enduring relationship with their customer base. There is this lovely and often unspoken transaction of trust between a small business owner and that of their customer, because they know the owner, they know the person and witness their passion firsthand. The transaction of emotions is pure, making it easy to assess if this person is someone that you want to do business with.” COMMUNITY BENEFITS FROM SMALL BUSINESSES “They provide us with a sense of connection and a focal point for people to gather. Remove that, and an entire Angela Cashion, Howrah Point Store FOR THE LOVE OF THE COMMUNITY social structure will be removed from that community too.” Level of interaction with local community 75% Does the local community benefit from your business? 92% “While our business relies on sick people, in reality we really want everyone to be healthy. We care about the community and we want it to succeed. We provide a teenage pregnancy support group for young women aged between 15 to 19 years and we do this off our own back. It costs us, but we just do it. ” Robert Sterry, Plaza Medical Centre The emotional values of small businesses extend even further. Just over half (52 per cent) said their business adds to the cultural diversity of the local community. The same percentage agreed small businesses in their area helped shaped the identity of their local community. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 3 Not only do small business owners care about the community, they also put their money where their mouth is to further add to the emotional value. Seventy‑three per cent of small business owners give back to the community through charitable giving or sponsorship, often in the form of cash donations to local charities and local community programs. THE VALUE SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS FEEL THEY DELIVER TO THE COMMUNITY 73% Business supports the community through charitable giving or sponsorship FAMILIES DO IT BEST SAY CONSUMERS Australian consumers agreed small businesses brought an incredible amount of emotional value. Those who prefer customised service, supporting the local community and friendly staff are more likely to ‘Shop Small’. CONSUMER PREFERENCE TO ‘SHOP SMALL’ Those who prefer businesses that support the local community are 15 per cent more likely to preference shopping small. 15% Small family run businesses also deliver more emotional value to consumers than their non-family small businesses and larger organisations. Consumers are more likely to associate them with positive emotional attributes such as personal, friendly service, passion, honesty and integrity. “To remember Ajay (Mary’s son who the restaurant is named after) each year we hold a large annual community event. It’s a big day, we have a band playing, car show, jumping castles, Elvis and Michael Jackson impersonators. Everybody comes together to raise money for the Royal Children’s Hospital.” Consumers recognise the passion of family run small businesses, with 81 per cent strongly associating this attribute with that group. This compared to 37 per cent for small non-family businesses, and a mere 21 per cent in large organisations. A similar story emerged when understanding consumer needs. Australians most strongly associated this with small family run businesses (75 per cent), compared to 36 per cent with small non-family and just 22 per cent with large businesses. Ajays Pizzeria, Mary Psaila “We donate and give out vouchers to a lot of schools and church groups. I’d estimate our current level of donations is probably around the $40,000 per annum mark.” Marcus Vermey, Vermey’s Quality Meats A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 4 THE ATTRIBUTES CONSUMERS ASSOCIATE WITH AUSTRALIAN BUSINESSES 6% 22% 21% 36% 37% Passionate Knows me & anticipates my needs 81% Small family EMOTIONAL VALUE DELIVERED TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY BY SMALL BUSINESSES 10% 67% I would miss the small business in the area if they were forced to close 17% 6% 75% Small non-family 11% Large Small family run businesses also deliver more emotional value to consumers. “There’s something about a family run business you don’t get in other businesses. You know it’s not just a job for these guys. It’s a way of life – their values are passed down through their family unit, its inherited. Their life centres on their passion and their passion is about serving and being part of a healthy community first and foremost. Sure, you might pay a bit extra for what they offer, but that extra is the value they bring not only to your experience, but to your community overall.” The local shopping village adds to the aesthetics or charm of the area 21% Agree Neutral Disagree The majority of consumers agreed small businesses provide positive emotional value to the broader community, breeding feelings of attachment. Not sure Fifty-four per cent felt very attached to their local shopping area, while the same percentage agreed it helps promote cultural diversity. EMOTIONAL VALUE DELIVERED TO THE LOCAL COMMUNITY BY SMALL BUSINESSES Nick Lim-Howe, Clinical Psychologist, Free Minds VITAL TO SOCIETY 62% I feel very attached to my local shopping village 54% Two-thirds of consumers agreed (67 per cent) they would miss the small businesses in their area if they were forced to close. Sixty-two per cent said the local shopping village, containing small businesses add to the looks, aesthetics and charm of the area they live in. The local shopping village helps promote cultural diversity 54% A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 5 CASE STUDY: CONTINENTAL TARALLI BISCUITS OVERVIEW IS MONEY THE MOTIVATOR? Established in 1945, owners John and Anna manufacture gourmet European snacks, using recipes dating back a century and featuring local ingredients. This family business started when John and Anna migrated from Italy in 1969. After working for others, they were eventually able to build their own wood oven to bake bread. Today they manufacture and sell biscuits across Australia – predominantly continental Taralli biscuits (a type of Italian pretzel). “When everyone knows your name and brand, that’s what makes us proud. I think that’s success to me. I don’t care about money, money comes and goes…what’s important is your brand, your name, your heritage, your reputation and people enjoying products. I think that’s the measure of success.” WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT A FAMILY BUSINESS COMPARED TO ANY OTHER TYPE OF BUSINESS? “There is more passion and drive with a family business, it’s a bit of history, a sense of pride. I think that’s what makes us a bit different. It’s my father who’s been baking. He’s 74 years old and he’s still going out every morning and baking and producing these biscuits with love, passion and pride.” POWERING PERSONALISATION: UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMER NEEDS “That’s what I love about my job. I’ve had customers say ‘my daughter or son has allergies’, they can’t have certain foods like egg, nuts, lactose.’ Our products are lactose free, a lot of mums are struggling out there to find suitable food for their kids.” A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 6 • PA R T T W O • THE PHYSICAL VALUE OF AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESSES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE COMMUNITY THE PHYSICAL VALUE OVERVIEW The previous installment of the report discussed the emotional value of shopping small. We all recognise what emotional value feels like – the gratifying experience of being greeted with a smile, the satisfaction of being served by someone who knows the name of your children, but it can be a hard thing to measure. Though it’s an important aspect of the overall shopping experience, emotional value is an individualised and largely an intangible product that can really only be traced by repeat business and word-of-mouth referrals. In terms of return on investment for business owners, it can be frustratingly hard to quantify. However, when it comes to the physical value small businesses provide - and specifically provide to the consumer, the homeowner and the local community - the numbers tell a different story. The Economy of Shopping Small Report quantifies some of those benefits to the business and the community at large. One of the major findings from the report is the direct, positive relationship small businesses have on the variability of median house prices. Many factors contribute to the price of the average home, but probably unknown to many, is the positive impact small businesses play. Small businesses deliver value to communities in the form of better aesthetics, standard of living, increased financial support for charities and schools and helping boost employment in the local area. The Economy of Shopping Small Report quantifies this, placing a value on the passion and commitment from this group of highly dedicated people. This value is clearly reflected in the attributes consumers appreciate about family run small businesses in Australia. FINANCIAL GAIN FOR HOMEOWNERS One of the aims of The Economy of Shopping Small Report was to understand if a positive relationship existed between the presence of small businesses in local communities and their impact on median house prices. The focus for this understanding was to look at house prices at the SA21 level in Significant Urban Areas, with a population of over 50,000 capturing 78 per cent of the Australian population. The analysis took into account four variables, which together accounted for 39 per cent of variance in median house prices and were regarded as significant factors in determining as such. These were: • Distance from the CBD • Beachfront location • Number of people per square kilometre • Number of small businesses THE FOUR VARIABLES USED TO MAP THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMALL BUSINESSES AND MEDIAN HOUSE PRICES Number of people per square kilometre Distance from CBD Their value goes far beyond a simple transaction between business and customer. Their removal from community life would have a deep impact - an issue discussed in more detail in the next section of the report. Small family run businesses also have the advantage of highly dedicated labour from family members. 1. Beachfront Number of small businesses ABS definition of SA2s: general purpose medium-sized areas that represent communities that interact together socially and economically. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 8 Together these were mapped against median house price data at the SA2s level. HOUSE HUNTING AUSTRALIANS WILLING TO PAY A PREMIUM FOR A HOME NEAR A SHOPPING VILLAGE The positive finding for all concerned was that, holding all the other above factors constant, every small business in an SA2 is associated with an average increase of $164 to the median house price. To put this into context: if we take two non-beachfront SA2s, both situated an average distance from a CBD and with average population density, but one has the average number of small businesses (375) and the other has twice this number, the estimated median house price in the latter would be 10 per cent higher than the former (an absolute increase of an estimated $61,400). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMALL BUSINESSES AND MEDIAN HOUSE PRICES Take two non-beachfront SA2s both situated an average distance from a CBD and with average population density 47% 47% of house hunting Australians prepared to pay a premium for a home located near a local shopping village But what would they pay? House hunting Australians who are willing to pay a premium are happy to invest – on average – an additional 4.4 per cent or $30,486 2 to purchase a home located near a local shopping village. WHO WILL PAY A PREMIUM FOR A HOME NEAR A SHOPPING VILLAGE? One has an average number of small businesses One has double the average number of small businesses MEDIAN HOUSE PRICE would be 10% higher 17% of Australians aged 18–64 are currently looking for a new home 47% would pay a premium to live near a shopping village The message is clear. Small businesses and their presence in the local community have a positive relationship with median house prices. This equates to paying 4.4% extra on average to purchase a home near a local shopping village While the data above tells one side of the story, consumers back up this notion. One fifth of Australians would pay a premium to rent or purchase a home located near a local shopping village. This figure jumps to 47 per cent among the 17 per cent of Australians who are currently in the market for a new home. 2.This is based off the additional field work from a subgroup of those who would pay a premium to live near a shopping village. For more information, refer to the Methodology A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 1 9 “When you find a small business that’s really innovative, doing something unique, or offering something a bit different, people will flock to it. House hunters will definitely pay more to be close to shops or cafes that are unique, and that are a drawcard in the local community.” WHAT’S IMPORTANT FOR MEN AND WOMEN IS DIFFERENT WHEN IT COMES TO PROXIMITY TO BUSINESSES WHAT’S IMPORTANT Warwick Brooks, Director, Domain Advocates Proximity to a vibrant strip of local shops proves to be a big consideration among nearly half of all Australians seeking to purchase property. Byron Rose, from Rose and Jones Buyers Agency and Advisors offers his experience and thoughts. “Evidence and experience shows us that the demographic driving property values up the fastest is couples aged 25-39. They are high income earners, which underpins the type of retail this demographic is looking for, where the strip mall shopping experience is favoured over the shopping centre.” AUSTRALIANS WANT TO LIVE NEAR SMALL BUSINESSES 100 80 HEALTHCARE FOOD PROVIDORES AMENTITIES 68% 64% 59% 60 40 20 0 AUSTRALIANS WANT TO LIVE NEAR SMALL BUSINESSES TOO Sixty-eight per cent agreed access to healthcare services was very important. Sixty-four per cent want specialised convenience stores such as a deli, butcher, fruit shop and fishmonger, along with other similar shops. There was a matching desire (59 per cent) for amenities such as schools, libraries and newsagents. FOR MEN 59% FOR WOMEN 54% 69% 65% 38% 36% 31% 31% Lowest on the priority list for both men and women, was professional services firms – accountants and lawyers. Interestingly, 38 per cent of males agreed it was a priority to live near a bottle shop, compared to females (31 per cent). Women were also more likely to want to live near a deli or convenience store (69 vs. 59 per cent); closer to schools and libraries (65 vs. 54 per cent) and cafes (57 vs. 50 per cent). WHAT’S PHYSICAL SUCCESS FOR THE BUSINESS OWNER? Small business owners may not be aware they positively impact mean house prices to such an extent, however, there is agreement at a broad level as to the physical benefits they bring, both to their own business and the wider community. When asked whether or not they felt their business boosts property prices in their local community, nearly a third (30 per cent) believed they did. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 0 SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS AGREE THEIR BUSINESSES BOOST PROPERTY PRICES IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY 30% of small business owners believe their business boosts property prices in their local community Seventy nine per cent agreed their business success was also about positive economic and social impact on local communities. While these might be secondary or indirect benefits, they are critical to that overall sense of community and help to build its foundations. 30% SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS MEASURE THEIR SUCCESS BASED ON THE PHYSICAL VALUE THEIR BUSINESS PROVIDES TO THE COMMUNITY The positive economic and social impact of the business on local communities 79% But this is merely one view of what constitutes success for a small business owner. Success means a lot of different things to different people. The report found 89 per cent of small business owners agreed financial performance was the biggest indicator of physical value and success. It’s also in line with what you would expect too – a quantifiable outcome and of course reward for the small business owner. SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS MEASURE THEIR SUCCESS BASED ON THE PHYSICAL VALUE THEIR BUSINESS PROVIDES TO THE COMMUNITY Support their community through charitable giving or local sponsorship 73% Seventy-three per cent of small businesses supported their community through charitable giving or sponsorship of local sports and ‘not for profits’. Seventy-one per cent agreed they provided a unique product or service to the local community, supporting the notion that small businesses in Australia are very innovative. While 69 per cent agreed they brought employment to local residents. The financial performance of the business 89% A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 1 THE PHYSICAL VALUE SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS BELIEVE THEIR BUSINESS DELIVERS TO THE COMMUNITY 71% Bring employment to local residents 69% Provide a unique product or service to the local community “We try and do things for our community. We help schools and sporting groups when we can. We say, if you’re from a certain school or organisation and you come in and put your purchase under that school or organisation’s name, then when their next event comes, we’ll give them five percent of the sale in gift vouchers or toys that they can use as fundraisers.” Janet Smith, Toyworld FAMILY VALUE – TURNING EMOTIONAL VALUE INTO PHYSICAL REWARDS HOW FAMILY MEMBERS DELIVER PHYSICAL VALUE FOR SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS Ability to discuss business issues outside of traditional working hours Family members are a great source of guidance and advice for the business 88% 80% This demonstrates that for family run small businesses, the working day and business strategy extends beyond the typical hours of 9 to 5 and is perhaps reflected in the emotional value consumers see in these types of businesses. 78% OF SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS BELIEVE THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS WORK HARDER AND LONGER THAN NON-FAMILY EMPLOYEES 78% Family run small businesses derive significant physical value from family members employed in the business – something a non-family run small business would not experience. Eighty-eight per cent of family run small businesses discussed business issues outside of traditional working hours. Eighty per cent said family members are a great source of guidance and advice for the business. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 2 HOW MUCH PHYSICAL VALUE DO FAMILY MEMBERS CONTRIBUTE TO THE BUSINESS? Seventy-eight per cent believed family members worked harder and longer hours than non-family employees, which is reflected in the dollar value small family run business owners place on that time. Importantly, the physical value number, uncovered by The Economy of Shopping Small Report, is reflective of the emotional value family run small businesses provide. Especially when compared to larger organisations and even non-family run small businesses. Consumers are more likely to associate family run small businesses with positive emotional attributes such as personal, friendly service, passion, honesty and integrity. So the question becomes ‘what are the above attributes worth to family run small businesses?’ On average, small family business owners say family members contribute an additional $41,090 of worth to their business each year. ON AVERAGE SMALL FAMILY BUSINESS OWNERS SAY FAMILY MEMBERS CONTRIBUTE $41,090 OF UNPAID WORK $41,090 “If I compared the value my wife brings to the business, to another senior vet, it would probably cost me about $50,000 a year, but that excludes the fact she helps me manage the place, so it’s very hard to measure the total value. She completely buys into the ethos and philosophy of the practice.” Peter Lee, Two by Two Animal Hospital WHAT DRIVES FAMILIES TO WORK TOGETHER? 89% Higher level of dedication 84% Complementary skill set When asked what drives family members to work together within a business, 84 per cent cited complementary skill sets. An even bigger number (89 per cent), said there was a higher level of dedication to the business among family employees compared to non-family employees. What’s apparent is that, in family run small businesses, the emotional value invested by other family members, transpires into concrete physical outputs and outcomes. They are a vital component of our communities, providing greater emotional value to customers, and tangible physical value to their owners. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 3 METHODOLOGY SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS – QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS ADDITIONAL FIELD WORK QUANTITATIVE SURVEY METHOD Ten qualitative interviews were conducted between 3rd to 14th of August 2015, the results of which informed the content of the quantitative surveys. The remaining 30 interviews were conducted between 17th August to 25th September 2015. Location: Australia Location: Australia Survey length: 5 minutes Survey methodology: Face-to-face interviews with respondents in Victoria and New South Wales, phone interviews with respondents in other states Fieldwork dates: 8th to 12th October 2015 Survey length: 45 minutes to 1 hour Sample definition: • Small business owners • Business operating in one of the selected industries as defined by ANZSIC • Business owner is a key decision maker within the business • Business owner has owned the business for 6+ months • Business has 1 to 20 employees (excluding the owner) • Business is not solely online • Business is not solely B2B (i.e. it has private consumer customers) Sample size: 40 Sample source: Qualitative Recruitment Australia (QRA) Survey methodology: Online survey Sample definition: Australian general public aged 18 to 64 and currently in the market for a new home and would pay a premium to live near a shopping village Weighting: Sample was weighted to the proportion of Australians currently in the market for a new home, targets obtained in original American Express Shop Small general public survey. HOUSE PRICE METHODOLOGY Small business definition = 1 to 19 employees June 2012 median house prices (CoreLogic RP Data, 2012) and small business numbers used (ABS, 2014). Fieldwork dates: 3rd August to 25th September 2015 ABS definition of STATISTICAL AREA LEVEL 2 (SA2): The SA2s are a general-purpose medium-sized area. Their aim is to represent a community that interacts together socially and economically. SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS QUANTITATIVE SURVEY METHOD Only SA2s in 29 ‘Significant Urban Areas’ with populations over 50,000 included (but outside of CBD of these areas); 1570 SA2s accounting for (overall, including CBDs) 78 per cent of the Australian population. Location: Australia Regression results for median house price: Survey methodology: Telephone (CATI) survey Constant Survey length: 25 minutes Sample definition: • Small business owners • Business operating in one of the 5 selected industries as defined by ANZSIC: Retail, Hospitality, Travel, Professional services and Healthcare services • Business owner is a key decision maker within the business • Business owner has owned the business for 6+ months • Business has 1 to 20 employees (excluding the owner) • Business is not solely online • Business is not solely B2B (i.e. it has private consumer customers) Distance from CBD Beach suburb No. small businesses 163.729*** (17.936) R-squared GENERAL PUBLIC QUANTITATIVE SURVEY METHOD No. observations Survey methodology: Online survey 90541.268*** (17994.589) 86.582*** (4.746) Fieldwork dates: 24th August to 25th September 2015 Location: Australia -1334.709*** (198.995) Population density Sample size: 694 Sample source: Impact lists 384842.135*** (11008.556) Standard errors are reported in parentheses. *** indicates significance at the 99 per cent level Survey length: 15 minutes Sample definition: Representative of the Australian general population aged 18 to 64 Sample size: 1,006 Sample source: Online interviews accessed through the Online Research Unit (ORU) panel using a structured questionnaire. The ORU panel is the largest research only panel in Australia and currently holds ISO 20252 ‘Market, opinion and social research’ and ISO 26362 – ‘Access panels in market, opinion and social research’ status. Fieldwork dates: 7th to 21st September 2015 Weighting: The sample was weighted to age and gender quotas representative of the Australian population aged 18 to 64. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 4 0.386 1570 REFERENCES ABS. (2014, June). Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/ Lookup/8165.0Main+Features1Jun%202010%20to%20Jun%202014?OpenDocument Burlingham, B. (2005). http://www.smallgiantsbook.com/. Retrieved from http://www.smallgiantsbook.com/excerpts/ SmallGiants_Intro.html Burlingham, B. (2005). Small Giants: Companies That Choose to Be Great Instead of Big. Commonwealth of Australia. (2013, March). Family Businesses in Australia – different and significant: why they shouldn’t be overlooked. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/: file:///C:/Users/smay/Downloads/report_pdf.pdf Commonwealth of Australia. (2015). Budget 2015 Growing Jobs and Small business. Retrieved from http://www.budget. gov.au/: http://www.budget.gov.au/2015-16/content/glossy/sml_bus/download/Growing_Jobs_and_Small_Business.pdf CoreLogic RP Data. (2012). http://www.corelogic.com.au/research/monthly-indices.html. Retrieved from http://www. corelogic.com.au. Sensis. (2015, June). Sensis Business Index. Retrieved from https://www.sensis.com.au: https://www.sensis.com.au/ content/dam/sas/PDFdirectory/Sensis_Business_Index_June_2015.pdf The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America. (2009). Six Signs Of Small-Business Success. Retrieved from https://www. guardianlife.com/news/new-research-identifies-six-dimensions-characterize-success-oriented-small-business-owners A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 5 OUR RESEARCH PARTNER One of Australia’s leading locally owned research consultancies with more than 25 years in research, consultancy and advice, AMR regularly conducts research studies on consumers, businesses, governments, countries and cities. AMR is part of STW group, Australasia’s leading marketing content and communications services group. OUR CONTRIBUTORS NICK LIM-HOWE Clinical Psychologist/Practice Director B. Psych (Hons), M. Clin Psych, MAPS Nick is a dedicated, warm and friendly Clinical Psychologist who enjoys working collaboratively with people of all backgrounds. He derives great reward in helping people and their families attain their goals, as well as achieve a newfound quality and empowerment in their everyday life. Nick is trained in a variety of evidence-based therapies that include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), Motivational Interviewing, Schema Therapy and Positive Coaching. Nick has worked with a variety of different client groups in a range of clinical settings (both public and private) that include Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service at Royal North Shore Hospital, working with both families and young adults as well as assisting running anxiety groups for children and their parents as part of his training. He has also worked in the field of brain injury at Royal Rehabilitation Centre where he helped design neuro‑psychosocial rehabilitation programs. He has conducted research at the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre and has experience teaching Psychology at the University of Sydney. His most recent position at the Happiness Institute promoted the principles of positive psychology in his therapeutic approach. Nick completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Sydney, where he achieved first class honours in a Bachelor of Psychology. He completed his Masters of Clinical Psychology at the University of New South Wales. At present Nick splits his time between Manly Hospital and private practice. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 6 WARWICK BROOKES Director, Property Advocate As a Director of Domain Property Advocates, and leader of the Buyer Advocacy and Seller Advocacy divisions of the business, Warwick leads his team with a hardworking attitude, drive to provide a premium service and commitment to impart valuable, trustworthy expertise to his clients. His contributions to the industry have been acknowledged by a variety of accolades such as winner of Buyers Agent of the Year from the REIV, and roles such as President and past Vice President of the Real Estate Buyers Association of Australia. Warwick is also a sought after presenter on Property Investment topics, and frequently leads discussion forums for major financial institutions. Warwick’s first job in property was selling. ‘Selling’ didn’t resonate with him; he saw how people required assistance to make the right property decisions and avoid being misled and out-negotiated by professional sales agents. He acknowledged a gap in the market that actively required restoration of balance into the selling and buying process, levelling the playing field for prospective purchasers and sellers by offering independent professional advice. This gave rise to Domain Property Advocates. With a vision for difference, Warwick’s objectives were strong; to tell it how it is, impart quality advice and experience, help people make more informed decisions and avoid costly mistakes and reducing risk when purchasing or selling property. Driven and motivated by an end result Warwick enjoys seeing the success and benefit Domain’s contributions have on people’s lives. Over time he has witnessed the business form a solid reputation out of successful results, time in the industry and the trust his client place in him. His methodology to success is simple: • Devise a long term, well thought out plan that is achievable within personal circumstances • Being able to stick to a plan • Select the right team and trust their advice • Be patient, slow and steady wins the race. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 7 His industry knowledge, understanding of property markets & value, proven negotiation skills - enables him to provide superior advice; alongside his investment-analysis and asset-management expertise positions him as a leader in the property industry. BYRON ROSE Managing Director & Buying Consultant Byron is a licensed real estate agent & auctioneer, licensed buyer’s agent, a founding member of the Buyer’s Agent Chapter/Membership Committee of the Real Estate Institute of NSW, and a member of the Real Estate Buyers Agent Association of Australia (REBAA). With more than 25 years’ experience in residential and commercial property acquisition, leasing and asset‑management, Byron is in a unique position to consult on property acquisition on all aspects of the property market. Byron is a past President of the Real Estate Buyers Agents Association – REBAA; the industry body formed to promote the services of exclusive Buyer’s Agents and be a voice for the property buyer. As well as creating a code of ethics as a standard for all Buyers Agents in Australia. Rose & Jones Property has been in operation since 1998. Since then the firm has inspected over 35,000 residential and commercial properties and purchased more than $1 billion worth of property on behalf of our clients. Byron is sort by the Media for comment on the property market. He spent six years working for the leading global commercial property services company – Jones Lang LaSalle, and a further four years managing and developing a private property portfolio with more than $190 million in assets. A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 8 ABOUT AMERICAN EXPRESS American Express is a global services company, providing customers with access to products, insights and experiences that enrich lives and build business success. Learn more at americanexpress.com.au and connect with us on facebook.com/americanexpressaustraliayoutube.com/americanexpressau or by visiting our Media Room. Key links to products and services: charge and credit cards, travel services, foreign exchange, prepaid travel cards, merchant services, business travel, and corporate card. FURTHER INFORMATION MEDIA ENQUIRIES Jane Clapcott Director, Public Affairs & Communications Australia & New Zealand Telephone +612 9152 3601 [email protected] A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 2 9 FOUNDED BY A M E R I C A N E X P R E S S – T H E E C O N O M Y O F S H O P P I N G S M A L L – PA G E 3 0
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