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Naval Warfare
When the First World War broke out
in 1914, the British navy was
stronger than any other. France and
Germany also had large naval forces.
Germany believed that Britain was
successful in the war because of their
navy. Germany started putting
together fleets of submarines and
warships, which created competition
between the two countries in their
production of naval technology. More
countries started to get involved in
the rapid advance of naval technology.
In 1906, Jackie Fisher launched Her Majesty’s Ship (HMS) Dreadnought, built in Royal
Portsmouth Dockyard. The ship was the most advanced of its time, further strengthening the
British Navy. The Dreadnought held an extensive amount of weaponry. The Dreadnought
outgunned any existing battleship by 2:1.
The Battle Of Jutland (Skagerrak) in 1916 was fought on the North Sea near Jutland,
Denmark from 31st May to 1st of June. This was a battle that would determine whether
Germany’s navy would retreat from the sea battle. It was the largest naval battle between the
opposing sides during the war, the Royal British Navy and the Germany’s Naval fleet. The
battle consisted of 151 British battleships and 99 German ships.
During World War One, there was rapid development in Navy warfare. This rapid
development influenced multiple countries to develop their naval weaponry and influenced the
fleets we have today.
References
OrdinaryGentlemen. (2011, November 7). Retrieved January 21, 2014, from YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJCx9LlovJM
Smith, G. (n.d.). United States Navy, USN, World War 1. United States Navy, USN, World
War 1. Retrieved January 21, 2014, from http://www.naval-­history.net/WW1NavyUS.htm
Battle of Jutland, 1916, World War I. (n.d.). World of Warships official forum. Retrieved
January 23, 2014, from
https://docs.google.com/a/canacad.ac.jp/document/d/1cL-h-Z3snsijnGaIKuv0QXMe1_4yOgyxrCa1FE8d9Kc/edit#
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http://forum.worldofwarships.com/index.php?/topic/657-­battle-­of-­jutland-­1916-­world-­war-­i/
Paris Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference was an
international meeting held in
January 1919. The purpose of the
conference was to establish peace in
the war and over 30 countries
participated. However, the treaty
negotiations were weakened by the
absence of important nations such as
Russia. During the conference The
Treaty of Versailles was created,
under the supervision of ‘The Big
Four.’ The big four consisted of
representatives of Great Britain,
France, United States and Italy.
‘The Big Four’ dominated most of the activities and discussions during the meeting. The
Treaty of Versailles included a plan to form a League of Nations. The League of Nations was
an international organization created after the war to provide a forum for resolving
international disputes. The terms of The Treaty of Versailles also put Germany under strict
order.
The Terms of The Treaty of Versailles
Under the terms of the treaty Germany had to accept responsibility for causing the war and
had to pay a fine to their allies. The Determined Reparations was $32 billion, or £6,600
million. Restrictions were also placed on Germany’s army and navy. Germany was restricted
to 100,000 military personnel and a maximum of six battleships and was forbidden from using
submarines or aircrafts. The German government had to give up 10% of the territory they
held prior to the war in Europe and surrender all colonies overseas. High-­ranking German
officials were also trialled as war criminals and German troops were sentenced to a 50-­mile
radius away from France. Although Germany accepted the terms of this agreement they soon
started to resent the conditions of the treaty.
The Conference had a major impact on the war because this was a place were most of the
countries at battle could discuss mutually beneficial ideas. The Paris Peace Conference also
helped establish the League of Nations, an organization to help solve international disputes to
avoid another war. However, the terms of The Treaty of Versailles were so extensively harsh
on Germany that they started to resent the treaty. This caused major disputes just two decades
later.
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References:
(N.A.) Terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Retrieved January 27, 2014
Paris Peace Conference -­ 1919 -­ and T.E. Lawrence. (n.d.). Paris Peace Conference -­
1919 -­ and T.E. Lawrence. Retrieved January 30, 2014, from
http://www.cliohistory.org/thomas-­lawrence/paris/
The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles -­ 1914–1920 -­ Milestones -­
Office of the Historian. (2010, December 3). The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of
Versailles -­ 1914–1920 -­ Milestones -­ Office of the Historian. Retrieved January 27, 2014,
from http://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-­1920/paris-­peace
Image:
This is an image of the members that attended the Paris Peace Conference. Retrieved from:
http://www.cliohistory.org/thomas-­lawrence/paris/ on January 30, 2014
Mustafa Kemal
Mustafa Kemal was born in 1881 in
Salonika, Ottoman Empire (Thessaloniki,
Greece) and died in 1936. He is
acknowledged for leading and winning
battles against western European powers
and alterations he made to the social and
political changes in Turkey. He was
known as Atatürk, meaning 'Father of the
Turks'. After graduating from Ottoman
Military College, he joined the Ottoman
army as a captain. From 1912 to 1913 he
fought in the Balkan war;; a war started
by an alliance of the countries Bulgaria,
Greece, Serbia and Montenegro. In 1919,
he began a nationalist revolution in
Anatolia and, in 1921, established a
temporary government in Ankara. In
1923, Turkey became a secular republic
with Mustafa as President, and ran a
party that lasted until 1945. During his
leadership, he started a programme to
revolutionise and modernise Turkey’s society in order to move away from decisions motivated
by religious beliefs. His improvements included the introduction of Western dress, laws,
calendar and alphabet, replacing the Arabic writing with a Latin one, eliminating all Islamic
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establishments and giving women free rights. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk legacy modernized
Turkey.
References:
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. (n.d.). About.com Asian History. Retrieved February 4, 2014, from
http://asianhistory.about.com/od/turkeyhistoryculture/p/Ataturk-­Biography-­of-­Mustafa-­Kemal.
htm
The First Balkan War. (n.d.). First Balkan War: 1912-­1913. Retrieved February 4, 2014,
from http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/easteurope/firstbalkan.html
firstworldwar.com. (n.d.). First World War.com. Retrieved February 4, 2014, from
http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/kemal.htm
Image:
Mustafa Kemal retrieved from
http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk/134505 on
February 4, 2014
https://docs.google.com/a/canacad.ac.jp/document/d/1cL-h-Z3snsijnGaIKuv0QXMe1_4yOgyxrCa1FE8d9Kc/edit#
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