Study Guide: Chapter 3 Age of Explorations and Isolation
Directions: Define each term as completely as possible
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Bartolomeu Dias
Henry the Navigator
Vasco De Gama
Treaty of Tordesillas
Dutch East India Company
Christopher Columbus
Junk
Caravel
Japanese feudalism
Silk Road
Hongwu
Ming Dynasty
Yonglo
Zheng He
Manchus
Quing Dynasty
Kangxi
Daimyo
Oda Nobunaga
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
kabuki
Shogun
Haiku
Tokugawa Shogunate
Samurai
Answer each of the following questions in complete sentences:
1.
By the early 1400s, what encouraged the European spirit of adventure and curiosity and led
to the exploration of the world around them?
2.
What was the main reason for European exploration?
3.
What were the Europeans introduced to during the Crusades which was sold by Muslims to
the Italians who then resold it to the rest of Europe at greatly increased prices?
4.
The desire to spread Christianity fueled European exploration as many European nations
believed they had the sacred duty to continue fighting whom, as well as continue to convert
non- Christians throughout the world?
5.
During the 1700s, it would have been nearly impossible for a European sea captain to cross
the 3000 miles of the ocean and return again without what new ship with triangular sails as
well as the astrolabe and magnetic compass?
6.
Which nation was a leader in developing and applying sailing innovations and set up
navigation schools, established trading posts along the shores of Africa, and was the first to
sail around the tip of Africa on the way to the riches of Asia?
7.
Which Portuguese explorer was the first to reach India and brought back from his 27,000
mile voyage such spices as pepper and cinnamon?
8.
In 1492, which sea captain convinced Spain to finance a voyage west across the Atlantic
Ocean to Asia, but mistakenly landed on an island in the Caribbean which would open the
way for European colonization of the Americas?
9.
The Portuguese broke up the old trade network from the East between the Muslims and the
Italians which resulted in more affordable goods at what fraction of the price?
10. By 1600, the English and the Dutch broke Portugal’s control of Asian trade, but what was the
richest and most powerful organization that directed trade throughout Asia?
11. By the time westerners arrived in the 1500s, China had already driven out which enemy and
was the dominant power under the control of a strong government?
12. Which Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) was a dominant power and would not allow outsiders
from distant lands to threaten the peace and prosperity they brought to China following the
end of Mongol Rule?
13. Starting in 1400, the Chinese Muslim Admiral Zheng He launched how many voyages that were
remarkable in magnitude in terms of distance traveled, size of fleet, and the size of vessels?
14. Although Chinese merchants in the 1500s smuggled cargos of silk, porcelain and other valuable
goods out of the country and into Europe, China’s official trade policy reflected what position?
15. Ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, and a government out of money led to the rise of which
dynasty which was comprised of the Manchus from Manchuria and would rule China for 260
years?
16. The Manchus earned the respect of the Chinese by upholding what traditional beliefs and social
structures as well as securing the country’s frontiers and restoring its prosperity?
17. The Dutch were successful in their trade with the Chinese emperor because they paid tributes and
performed the “Kowtow” ritual, but by 1800, what item would make up 80 percent of shipments
to Europe?
18. The Dutch were successful in their trade with the Chinese emperor because they paid tributes and
performed the “Kowtow” ritual, but by 1800, what item would make up 80 percent of shipments
to Europe?
19. Daily life in China was devoted to agriculture which led to larger families and a greater
population, however who could not carry on vital religious rituals, was dominated by others and
generally suffered as a result of their inferior status?
20. The emphasis on tradition and culture in early modern China produced little creativity but
provided a sense of what in a time of change that helped unify Chinese society?
21. From 1467 to 1568, civil war shattered Japan’s feudal system causing chaos and the end to
centralized rule, and warrior chieftains called what would become the source of power and
security while the emperor at Kyoto became just a figure-head?
22. Tokugawa Ieyasu completed the reunification of Japan in 1600 by defeating his rivals at the Battle
of Sekigahara which earned him the loyalty of the daimyo throughout Japan and three years later
he became the sole ruler called what?
23. What term describes the dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603 to 1867, and
enjoyed more than two centuries of stability, prosperity and isolation?
24. . While most peasants were weighed down by heavy taxes and led lives filled with misery,
who prospered in Tokugawan society?
25. According to Confucius, the ideal society depended on what, but by the mid-1700s many people
abandoned farm life and headed to cities?
26. Traditional Japanese entertainment faced competition from what type of theater where
actors in elaborate costumes, using music, dance and mime, performed skits about modern
urban life?
27. What term describes a Japanese form of poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven,
and five syllables?
28. Japanese merchants, eager to expand their markets, were happy to receive Portuguese sailors and
their goods, but what forever changed the tradition of the Japanese warrior and led to daimyos
building fortified castles?
29. By 1600, 300,000 Japanese were converted to Christianity, but due to a rebellion in 1612,
Tokugawa Ieyasu focused on ridding Japan of Christians and forced all Japanese to demonstrate
faithfulness to some branch of what?
30. In 1639, shoguns instituted what and persecuted Christians in an attempt to control foreign ideas
because they did not want European ideas and ways to influence society?