3.01 Remember the structures of
the nervous system
Essential Question
What are the structures of the nervous system?
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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Introduction: Structures of the
nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuron
Dendrites - many
Axon - one
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Myelin sheath - a
special covering of the
axon
Synapse – the space
between neurons
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nervous system
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Structures of the nervous system
Central nervous
system
Brain
Spinal cord
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nervous system
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Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous
system
Nerves
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Sensory receptors
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system:
BRAIN
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nervous system
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3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebrum
Divided into two
hemispheres
(right and left)
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Located between the
cerebrum and the
midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Thalamus – spherical mass of gray
matter; deep in the cerebral
hemispheres
Hypothalamus – lies below the
thalamus; part of the limbic system
Pineal body – endocrine system
gland
Pituitary gland – endocrine
system gland
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Limbic system
Located in the center
of the brain
Encircles the top of
the brain stem.
Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other
intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Cerebellum
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Meninges
Dura mater
Outermost layer
Arachnoid
Middle layer
Pia mater
Innermost layer
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system: BRAIN
Ventricles - lined cavities
deep within the brain
filled with cerebrospinal
fluid
Choroid plexus – rich
network of blood vessels
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nervous system
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Structures of the Central NS:
Spinal Cord
Surrounded by the vertebrae,
meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid
Nerve = bundles of nerve fibers
enclosed by connective tissue.
Sensory (afferent)-carry impulse from
sensory organ to the brain/spinal cord
Motor (efferent)-carry impulse from
brain/spinal cord to muscles or glands
Mixed nerve contains both fibers.
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nervous system
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Structures of the central nervous
system: Spinal Cord
Peripheral
nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system
I. Olfactory--Smell
II. Optic --Vision
III. Oculomotor—Movement of eye muscle
IV. Trochlear—Movement of eye muscle
V. Trigeminal—Chewing (face/teeth muscle)
VI. Abducens—Movement of eye muscle
VII. Facial—Facial Expressions, taste
VIII. Vestibulocochlear--Hearing and Balance
IX. Glossopharyngeal—Movement of throat, taste
X. Vagus—Movement of throat affects heart, digestive
XI. Accessory—Movement of neck
XII. Hypoglossal—Movement of tongue
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system
Peripheral
nervous system
31 pairs of spinal
nerves
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous
system
Peripheral
nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of nervous
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system
Motor system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system-may accelerate
heart rate in response to fear
Parasympathetic nervous system-may slow
heart rate
Both are strongly influenced by emotion and
work together to balance responses .
Somatic nervous system
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nervous system
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3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic
nervous system
Extends from the base
of the brain, along both
sides of the spinal
column
These nerves connect
to all internal organs
Parasympathetic
nervous system
The vagus nerve
connects the medulla
with organs of the
upper body
The pelvic nerve
emerges from the
spinal cord and
connects with the
organs of the lower
body
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system
Somatic nervous system
These nerves are
located along the
spinal cord.
Connect skeleton,
muscles and joints
to the brain.
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nervous system
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Structures of the
central nervous system
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nervous system
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Structures of the nervous system
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nervous system
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Essential question
What are the structures of the nervous system?
3.01 Remember the structures of the
nervous system
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