Chapter 13 Outline
Standards Addressed
Ohio’s Learning Standards for Social Studies Grade 4
2. Primary and Secondary sources can be used to create historical narratives.
8. Many technological innovations that originated in Ohio benefited the United States.
9. A map scale and cardinal and intermediate directions can be used to describe relative
location of physical and human characteristics of Ohio and the United States.
10. The economic development of the United States continues to influence and be
influenced by agriculture, industry, and natural resources in Ohio.
12. People have modified the environment since prehistoric times. There are both positive
and negative consequences for modifying the environment in Ohio and the United
States.
14. Ohio’s location in the United States and its transportation systems continue to influence
the movement of people, products, and ideas.
16. Civic participation requires individuals to make informed and reasoned decisions by
accessing and using information effectively.
23. Entrepreneurs in Ohio and the United States organize productive resources and take
risks to make a profit and compete with other products
Ohio’s Learning Standards for English Language Arts Grade 4
 RF 4.4 Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.
 RL 4.10 By the end of the year, reach and comprehend literature, including stories,
drama, and poetry, in the grades 4-5 text complexity bad proficiently, with scaffolding as
needed at the high end of the range.
 RI 4.1 Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says
explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
 RI 4.3 Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or
technical text, including what happened and why, based on specific information in the
text.
 RI 4.4 Determine the meaning of general academic and domain specific words or
phrases in a text relevant to a grade 4 topic or subject area.
 RI 4.7 Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts,
graphs, diagrams, time lines, animations, or interactive elements on web pages) and
explain how the information contributes to an understanding of the text in which it
appears.
 RI 4.10 By the end of the year, read and comprehend informational texts, including
history/social studies, science, and technical texts, in the grades 4-5 text complexity
band proficiently, with scaffolding as necessary at the high end of the range.
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Chapter 13 Outline
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SL 4.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups,
and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 4 topics and texts, building on others’
ideas and expressing their own clearly.
SL 4.1D Review the key ideas expressed and explain their own ideas and understanding
in light of the discussion.
SL 4.4 Report on a topic or text, tell a story, or recount an experience in an organized
manner, using appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details to support main ideas
or themes; speak clearly at an understandable pace.
SL 4.5 Add audio recordings and visual displays to presentations when appropriate to
enhance the development of main ideas or themes.
W 4.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organization
are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
W 4.7 Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through investigation of
different aspects of a topic.
W 4.9 Draw evidence from literacy or informational texts to support analysis, reflection,
and research.
W 4.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and
revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of
discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.
Ohio’s Learning Standards for Science Grade 4
 LS Changes in an organism’s environment are sometimes beneficial to its survival and
sometimes harmful.
Essential Question
 How have Ohio’s inventors and entrepreneurs influenced the United States?
 How have people modified Ohio’s natural environment?
 How have Ohio’s natural resources and location impacted the development of
transportation, industry and agriculture in Ohio and the United States?
Learning Statements
 I can identify important inventions and inventor of Ohio.
 I can explain the characteristics of entrepreneurship.
 I can describe ways people modify the natural environment.
 I can provide examples of positive and negative consequences of modifying the
environment.
 I can explain who Ohio and its transportation systems have helped move people,
products, and ideas around the United States.
Activities
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Chapter 13 Outline
Activity 13.1: Innovations from Ohio!
 Students will become aware of the contributions of Ohio’s inventors in the areas of
safety, communication, and economic development.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 8
o ELA: RF 4.4
 Attachments
o SR 13.1: Innovations from Ohio
o SR 13.1: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Scoot Game Cards and Response Sheets
 Videos
o Granville Woods
Activity 13.2: Create an Invention
 Students will learn about various inventions that were created in Ohio by completing a
student reading and watching a video. Students will then create an advertisement for
their own invention.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minutes class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 8
o ELA: RI 4.3 and RI 4.7
 Attachments
o SR 13.2: Ohio’s Creative Inventors
o SR 13.2: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Create an Invention Rubric
o Create an Invention Worksheet
 Videos
o The Wright Brothers
Activity 13.3: Getting to Know Ohio’s Inventors
 Students will learn about Ohio inventors, their innovations and the impact they had on
the United States. Students will learn about the problems inventors saw and solutions
they came up with that helped industries grow and prosper in Ohio as well as the United
States.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
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Chapter 13 Outline
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Standards Addressed
o SS: 8
o ELA: RI 4.1, RI 4.3, and RI 4.4
Attachments
o SR 13.3: Getting to Know Ohio’s Inventors
o SR 13.3: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Ohio Inventors Bump Game
o Ohio Inventor T-chart Worksheet
Videos
o Thomas Edison
Activity 13.4: There’s a Better Way!
 Students will participate in an interactive PowerPoint presentation that features primary
source items from the Ohio canal era.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 14
o ELA: RI 4.4, RI 4.10, SL 4.1,and SL 4.1D
 Attachments
o SR 13.4: There’re a Better Way!
o SR 13.4: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Ohio Canals and Waterways PowerPoint
o How Did You Get There? Worksheet
 Videos
o The Canal System
 Interactive Map Layers
o Canals
o Rivers
Activity 13.5: Railroads
 Students will learn about the advantages of railroad over canals through a reading and
video. Then they will apply their learning in an online quiz-style game.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 14
o ELA: RI 4.1
 Attachments
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Chapter 13 Outline
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o SR 13.5: Railroads
o SR 13.5: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
Videos
o Canals vs. Railroads
Interactive Map Layers
o Railroads
Primary Sources
o Railroad Map of Ohio
o Railway and County Map
Activity 13.6: A Journey on the National Road
 Students will learn about the National Road, the route from Cumberland, Maryland to
Vandalia, Illinois and how it expanded settlement in Ohio and the western states.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 14
o ELA: W 4.10
 Attachments
o SR 13.6: Ohio Roads
o SR 13.6: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Postcards from the Road
o Postcards from the Road Rubric
o National Road Timeline and Map Worksheet
o National Road Timeline and Map Worksheet: Answer Key
o National Road PowerPoint
 Interactive Map Layers
o Early Roads
Activity 13.7: Contemporary Travel Modes
 Students will learn about contemporary travel modes. Students will think critically about
how Ohio’s location in the United States and its transportation systems continue to
influence the movement of people, products, and ideas.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 14
o ELA: RI 4.3, RI 4.10, W 4.9 and SL 4.1
 Attachments
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Chapter 13 Outline
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Video
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SR 13.7: Contemporary Travel Modes
SR 13.7: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
Create a New Mode of Transportation Project
Importance of Transportation in Ohio
Activity 13.8: You are the Curator: Transportation
 Students will learn how to analyze and interpret primary sources related to
transportation in Ohio and then use them to create a museum exhibit about Ohio
transportation.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 2 and 14
o ELA: W 4.7, SL 4.1, and SL 4.5
 Attachments
o SR 13.8: Transportation in Ohio: Making Connections
o SR 13.8: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Historical Analysis and Interpretation PowerPoint
o You are the Curator Handout
o Primary Source Packet
Activity 13.9: Ohio’s Natural Resources
 Students will identify natural resources and agricultural products from Ohio by
completing a map activity.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 10 and 16
o ELA: RI 4.4 and RI 4.7
 Attachments
o SR 13.9: Ohio’s Natural Resources
o SR 13.9: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Natural Resource Worksheet
o Ohio’s Natural Resource Map Worksheet
o Ohio’s Natural Resource Map Worksheet: Answer Key
 Interactive Map Layers
o Minerals
o Industry and Agriculture
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Chapter 13 Outline
Activity 13.10: The Regions of Ohio
 Students will create, locates, and draw symbols on a map grid that represents Ohio’s
cities, natural resources, agriculture, and major regions of the state.
 Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 2, 9 and 10
o ELA: RI 4.7
 Attachments
o SR 13.10: The Regions of Ohio
o SR 13.10: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Blank Map Grid
o Map Grid Clue Sheet
o Primary Source Worksheet
 Map
o Ohio’s Natural Regions
Activity 13.11: Ohio Agriculture
 Students will use what they have learned about natural resources to help connect how
natural resource impact agriculture and our state’s economy.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 10
o ELA: RI 4.4, W 4.4, and SL 4.1
 Attachments
o SR 13.11: Agriculture
o SR 13.11: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Ohio Agriculture Cause & Effect Worksheet
o Ohio Agriculture Cause & Effect Worksheet: Answer Key
 Interactive Map Layers
o Industry & Agriculture
o Rivers
o Topographic Regions
o Major Cities
Activity 13.12: Ohio Industry
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Chapter 13 Outline
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Students will use the interactive map to learn about industry in Ohio from the 1800s to
today and how changes in industry correspond to the development of transportation,
and access to natural resources.
Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
Standards Addressed
o SS: 10
o ELA: RI 4.4, W 4.4, and SL 4.1
Attachments
o SR 13.12: Industry
o SR 13.12: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
Videos
o Cincinnati and the Origins of Procter and Gamble
Primary Sources
o Buckeye Furnace
o Coal
o Coal Mine Birdcage
Interactive Map Layers
o Industry & Agriculture
o Rivers
o Topographic Regions
o Major Cities
Activity 13.13: Ohio Industry Part Two
 Students will make an origami fortuneteller to demonstrate their understanding of the
different industries in Ohio.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 10
o ELA: RI 4.4, W 4.4, and SL 4.1
 Attachments
o SR 13.13: Industry Part Two
o SR 13.13: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Origami Fortune Teller
Activity 13.14: Starting a Business
 Students will practice thinking like an entrepreneur by deciding on a good or service
they can sell and creating a business plan.
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Chapter 13 Outline
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Class Periods
o 2 (50 minute class periods)
Standards Addressed
o SS: 23
o ELA: and SL 4.4
Attachments
o SR 13.14: Entrepreneurship & the Accidental Potato Chip
o SR 13.14: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Goods and Services Worksheet
o Goods and Services Worksheet: Answer Key
o Business Plan Questions
Videos
o Creating a Brand: Procter and Gamble’s Entrepreneurial Strategy
Activity 13.15: Stewards of the Environment
 Students will learn about ways they can be stewards of the environment by designing a
public service announcement and by persuading other students to be stewards of the
environment.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 12
o ELA: RI 4.3, RI 4.10, W 4.9, and SL 4.1
 Attachments
o SR 13.15: Stewards of the Environment
o SR 13.15: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Public Service Announcement Worksheet
Activity 13.16: Modifications to Ohio’s Environment: Good or Bad?
 Students will be able to identify several activities that impact Ohio’s environment and
determine if these modifications to the environment are positive or negative.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 12
o ELA: RF 4.4, and RI 4.7
 Attachments
o SR 13.16: Modifications to the Environment
o SR 13.16: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
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Chapter 13 Outline
o Environment Chart Worksheet
o Environment Chart Worksheet: Answer Key
Activity 13.17: Change All Around US
 Students will learn about modifications to the environment by analyzing and discussing
before and after pictures of the environment in a PowerPoint presentation.
 Class Periods
o 1 (50 minute class periods)
 Standards Addressed
o SS: 12
o Science: LS
o ELA: RL 4.10, SL 4.1, and RI 4.4
 Attachments
o SR 13.17: Change All Around Us
o SR 13.17: Reading Comprehension Questions: Answer Key
o Modifications to the Environment PowerPoint
o How DO Humans Modify the Environment Worksheet
o Modifications in My Neighborhood Worksheet
Videos
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Canals vs. Railroads (3.47)
o A narrator provides an overview of how the building of canals and railroads in Ohio
helped to develop the state’s economy.
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Cincinnati and the Origins of Procter and Gamble (1.19)
o Shane Meeker, Procter and Gamble Corporate Storyteller & Company Historian,
discusses how Procter and Gamble got their start in Ohio.
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Creating a Brand: Procter and Gamble’s Entrepreneurial Strategy (4.12)
o Shane Meeker, Procter and Gamble Corporate Storyteller & Company Historian,
discusses the Entrepreneurial strategy employed by Procter & Gamble and how they
created their brand.
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Granville Woods (3.31)
o Granville T. Woods discusses his inventions and how they impacted the economic
and social development of the United States.
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Life on the Ohio Canal (2.57)
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Chapter 13 Outline
o Jeremiah Watkins discusses what life is like for a canal boat driver and how canal’s
impacted Ohio’s economy.
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Ohio’s Ecology: Change Over Time (1.33)
o Bob Glotzhober discusses how Ohio’s ecology has changed over time.
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The Canal System (3.24)
o A narrator discusses the role the canal system played in the development and
settlement of Ohio.
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The Importance of Transportation in Ohio (3.09)
o David Stradling, Professor of History at the University of Cincinnati, discusses why
Ohio’s location and natural resources made it a good place to build major
transportation systems.
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The Wright Brothers (2.16)
o A narrator provides a biographical overview of the Wright Brothers and the
contributions they made to Ohio and the United States through their inventions and
innovations.
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Thomas Edison (2.13)
o A narrator provides a biographical overview of Thomas Edison and the contributions
he made to Ohio and the United States through his inventions and innovations.
Primary Sources and Maps
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1841 Map of Ohio
o 1841 map of Ohio showing the main transportation routes.
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Alexander Mitchell Letter to David J. Heaton
o Alexander Mitchell letter to David J. Heaton about the building of the National Road
and the effect it will have on the towns located along the route.
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Birthplace of Ohio Inventions
o Map showing the birthplace of Ohio inventors and inventions.
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Buckeye Furnace Photographs
o Buckeye Furnace was built in 1852 and operated until 1894. It was one of nearly
eighty charcoal iron furnaces in the Hanging Rock Iron Region in southern Ohio.
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Chapter 13 Outline
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Canals of Ohio Map
o Map of Ohio Canals.
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Cash Register
o Cash register.
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Charles Kettering’s Self-Starter
o Charles Kettering’s self-starter.
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Charles Lindbergh
o Col. Charles Lindbergh sitting in the cockpit of a plane at Norton Field, Columbus,
Ohio, on August 10, 1928.
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Coal
o An image of coal.
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Coal Mine Birdcage
o Coal Mine Birdcage used in southeastern Ohio around 1900.
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Cuyahoga River Waterfront
o Cuyahoga River waterfront.
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Edison Light Bulb
o Thomas Edison’s carbon-filament bulb.
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Edison Phonograph
o Edison Phonograph.
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Etch a Sketch
o Etch A Sketch toy invented by Arthur Granjean in the late 1950s.
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First Powered Flight Photograph
o The Wright Brother’s first powered flight.
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Helen Venskus
o Helen Venskus was the first female tower operator at the Port Columbus Airport.
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John Henry Patterson
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Chapter 13 Outline
o A portrait photograph of John Henry Patterson, the president, manager and owner
of the National Cast Register Company.
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John K. Robinson Patent for Match-Sticks
o John K. Robinson Patent for Match-Sticks.
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Major Rivers and Streams
o Map of the major rivers and streams in Ohio.
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National Road Construction Photographs
o Photographs showing workers building the National Road.
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North Star Washing Machine
o Image of a North Star Washing Machine.
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Ohio’s Natural Regions
o Map of Ohio’s Natural Regions.
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Public Works of Ohio
o This map shows the routes of the Ohio & Erie Canal and the beginning of the Miami
Canal.
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Railroad Map of Ohio
o This map shows the railroads, proposed railroads, canals, and many town names in
1875 Ohio.
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Railway and County Map
o Map of railways in Ohio.
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State Highway Map
o Map of Ohio’s state highways.
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W.P. Snyder Steamboat
o The steamboat the W.P. Snyder Jr. docked at the Ohio River Museum on the
Muskingum River, Marietta, Ohio, ca. 1980.
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Chapter 13 Outline
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Chapter 13 Outline