material, and the conclusions longer. And it was a unanimous by„the law but to see that
drawn from it, were displayed Supreme Court of the United law faithfully applied. Richard •
and debated in the Judiciary States, which in an opinion M. Nixon repeatedly and willCommittee's deliberations that authorized by the Chief Justice fully failed to perform that
led, by July 30, to the adoption whom he appointed, ordered duty:He failed to perform it
, of three articles of impeach- Richard Nixon to surrender that by authorizing and directing
ment.
evidence to the special prose- actions that violated the rights
Moreover, - the final version cutor, to further the ends of of citizens and that interfered
with the functioning of execuNYTimes AUG 2 3 1974 did not differ markedly from a justice.
tive agencies. And he failed to
draft that was obtained by The 'Tragedy
Had Many Facets
By DAVID E4ROSENBAUM
perform it by condoning and
New York Times last week.
Special to The New York Times.
"The tragedy that finally en- ratifying, rather than acting to
Nonetheless, the final report
is certain to have major his- gulgulfed Richard Nixon had stop, actions by his subordiWASHINGTON, Aug. 22—The
many fatets. One was the very nates interfering with the entorical significance.
final impeachment report of the
Representative Jerome R. self-inflictedh nature of the forcement of the laws.”
House Judiciary Committee
Waldie, a California Democrat, harm. It is triking that such
'Minority Views'
was published today, providing
said that the report would pro- an able, experienced and perThe 10 Republicans who opfor history the official record
vide for "all in the future the ce ptive man, whose ability to
on which Richard, M. Nixon,
full extent of Mr. Nixon's abuse grasp the global implications posed the article maintained
their opposition in their "miof America a full record of the of events little
had he not resigned, would
by nority views." They said that
`nightmare' he visited uponsus." others may well noticed
have been brought to trial
been
un- terms
they did
in Presalenstrongest
The House voted, 412 to 3, surpassed by anyhave
of his
predethe"deplore
aspects of
in the Senate and probably reon Tuesday to accept the report cessors, should fail to compre- tial wrongdoing to Which the
moved from the Presidency.
and to commend the committee hend the damage that accrued article is addressed."
The 528-page document gives
daily to himself, his Adminisfor its work.
But they
that the
in detail the "clear and conThe first half of the report is tration and to the nation, as article
was contended
vaguely worded
vincing evidence" on which the a step-by-step listing of the evi- day after day, month after
was a "catch-all repository
committee concluded that Mr. dence supporting the articles of month, he imprisoned the truth and
for miscellaneous and unreNixon hall obstructed justice impeachment and the conclu- about his role in the Water- lated Presidential offenses."
sions the committee's biparti- gate cover-up so long and so
in the Watergate case, had san
"It is a far-reaching and danmajority drew from the tightly within the solitude , of
abused his Presidential powers evidence.
his Oval Office that it could gerous proposition that conduct
is in violation of no
for his personal and political
The second half contains the not be unleashed without de- which
known law but which is consibenefit and had defied Con- individual views of the cornrait- i stroying his Presidency."
, The majority report, prepared dered by a temporary majority
gressional demands for infor- tee members,
of Congress to be 'improper' beArticle
I
alleges
that
Mr. under the direction of the spe- cause
mation.
undertaken for 'political'
cial
impeachment
counsel,
John
Nixon
participated
in a criminal
purposes
can constitute
Standards of Conduct
M.
Boar,
gave
a
chronological
conspiracy to cover up the Wafor impeachment," the
It describes the standards of tergate burglary. The committee description of the Watergate grounds
minority concluded.
Presidential conduct on which approved the article by a vote break-in and its cover-up.
Article III called for Mr. NixIt then cited 36 specific inMr. Nixon was judged and was of 27 to 11.
stances of Mr. Nixon's action on's impeachment for having
Opponents Shift Little
found to have abused.
or failure to act that, it said, refused to comply with the JuAnd it sets precedents for
However, after the vote and formed "a pattern of undis- diciary Committee's subpoenas
the tape recordings of 147
impeachment proceedings by four days before he resigned, puted acts" that "cannot other- for
conversations and other dowise
be
rationally
Mr.
explained"
'Nixon
released
new
evifuture Congresses.
by a conclusion, that Mr. cuments.
The document also contains dence—transcripts of conversa- except
It was adopted by a vote of
Nixon was part of a cOrispiracy
tions
he
had
with
aideS
on
June
personal statements of views 23, 1972—that persuaded the 11 to obstruct justice.
21 to 17.
by all the Judiciary Committee Republicans who had v d
The bipartisan majority deConclusions on Article I
members except the chairman, against the article that
clared, "unless the defiance of
In discussing Article I, the the committee's subpoenas is
Representative Peter W. Rodino President should be impeac
The Republicans, in a 139- majority report concluded:
Democrat of New Jersey.
"President Nixon's actions
The Republicans who voted page section of "minority resulted in manifest injury to 'considered grounds for imviews"
that
is
part
of
the
reagainst impeachment but who port, praised Mr. Nixon's the confidence of the nation peachment, it is difficult to
supported Mr. Nixon's removal "accomplishments" but gave and great prejudice to the e6601*: of'T'any President acfrom office after he produced the following explanation for cause of law and justice, and knowledging that he is obligated'
new evidence early this month their decision to support im- was subversive of constitution- to supply the relevant evidence
al government. His actions necessary for Congress to exerdeclared in a signed statement peachment:
were contrary to his trust as
"We
know
that
it
has
been
cise.•its constitutional responsithat Mr. Nixon had not been
said, and perhaps some will President and unmindful of the bility in an impeachment ,
duties of his high office.
Continued on Page 30, Column 1 continue to say, that Richard solemn
Nixon was 'hounded from office' It was this serious violation tof proceeding. If this were to ocby his political opponents and Richard M. Nixon's constitu- cur, the impeachment power
Continued From Page 1, Col. 4W media critics. We feel con- tional obligations as President, would be drained of its vitalito point out, however, and not the fact that violations ty."
"hounded from office" by his strained
that it was Richard Nixon who of Federal criminal statutes ocThe minority declared that,
curred,
critics.
impeded the F:B.I.'s investig4 of
articlethat
I." lies at the heart standing alone, the defiance of
Rather, the Republicans stated,
of the Watergate affair by
The second article, alleging subpoenas would not warrant
ino
the former President had "imgfully
attempting
to impli- abuse of Presidential power impeachment and that, further°ate
the
'Central
Intelligence
prisoned the truth about his
and violation of the Presidential
rile in the Watergate cover-up Agency; it was Richard Nixon oath to exectite the nation's more, there was an "element of
so long and so tightly within who createICAnid preserved the laws, .was approved by a vote Unfairness" in impeaching a
President for not providing
the solitude of his Oval Office evidencedrthet" transkressib of 28 to 10.
After noting allegations that evidence against himself.
that it could not be unleashed and Who, knowing that it h "
been subpoenaed by this -corn- Mr. Nixon had attempted to
Praise for Presidency
without destroying his Presi- mittee
and the special prosedency?'
Several
of the Republicans, in
cutor, concealed its terrible use the Internal Revenue ServHad the House decided to import, even from his own ice, the Federal Bureau of
their
views, broadly
individual
Inproceed with an impeachment counsel, until he could do so no vestigatidn and other
agencies) praised the Nixon Presidency.
vote, the report would have
for his own benefit, the majOrity Reprelsentative Edward Hutchprovided the basis for the floor.
report concluded:
inson of Michigan, the panel's
debate.
A summary of the House
[Mr. Nixon] has repeatedly ranking Republican, offered the
With Mr. Nixon's resignation
Judiciary Committee reused his authority as President following conclusion:
two Weeks ago, and the• conseport to the House on the
quent termination of the imtoAriolate the Constitution and
"History will deal more kindimpeachment
of President
peachment proceedings, the rethg, law of the land. In so ly with Richard Nixon than did
port has limited current value.
Nixon, including extendoing, he violated the obligeThere are no important new
Iran that every citizen has to his contemporaries. As the
sive textual excerpts. will
items of information in the
live
under the law. But ,he did 'Watergate affair moves into the
be published Monday by
voluminous report. Most of the
more, for it is the duty of the Pag'it may be seen for what a
The New York Times.
President not merely to live littM ,thing a President was
Rodin Unit Issues
Report Describing
Case Against Nixon
w
forced to resign from office
when `compered with the accomplishments of his Administration. A legal case of obstruction of justice was made
against him. But instructions by
other Presidents have undoubtedly altered the course of other investigations without controversy. The abuses of power
charged against the President
were probably no greater than
have occurred in some other
administrations. What to one
man seems an abuse of power
appears to another to be strong
executive discretion."
Representative David W.
Dennis, an Indiana Republican,
said that the committee "must
follow the facts, and we must
vindicate the law." l5ut he declared that Mr. Mxon had
"served his country and all of
humanity well.as probably the
foremost international statesman and the most able architect
of world order who has occupied the Presidency during
our time."
Democrats Highly Critical
On the other hand, many of
the committee's Democrats offered views highly critical of
aspects of Mr. Nixon's conduct
of office that were not included
in the three impeachment
articles.
Eleven Democrats signed a
statement that "the evidence is
overwhelming that Richard
Nixon has used the office of
the President to gain political
advantage, to retaliate against
those who disagreed with him
and to acquire personal wealth."
Ten Democrats argued that
the secret bombing of Cambodia was "one of the most
serious" offenses committed by
Mr. Nixon and should have been
part of -the impeachment
recommendation.
Nine committee members of
both parties who had voted
against including the Cambodia
bombing in the impeachment
articles said that they "certainly did not intend our vote
to indicate approval of such!
conduct."
Representative Don Edwards,
a California Democrat, npted
the contention by Mr. ^Nixon
and some of his supporters that
national security `considerations
justified..actions that might otherwise have been outside the
Ilaw. Mr. Edwards then stated:
"Congress, the press and indeed all of the American people
must be vigilant to the perils
of the subversive notion that
any public official, the. President or a policeman, possesses
a kind of inherent power to set
aside the Constitution whenever he thinks the public interest, or `nationalosecurity' •warrants it. That nation is the essential postulate of tyranny."