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Release Date: February 10-16
Especially
7-1 (90)
kids
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By BETTY DEBNAM
from The Mini Page by Betty Debnam
C>
1990 Un iversa l Press Syndicate
ALL ABOUT EARTHQUAKES
Today scientists
can usually
predict where
earthquakes
might happen
and how big they
might be.
But they don't
know exactly
when they'll occur.
Scien tis ts predicted that the area
in the Santa Cruz Mountains, some
50 miles from San Francisco, was a
likely spot for an earthquake.
It struck on the afternoon of Oct.
17, 1989.
This house is
near the San
Andreas fault
in California.
People were
inside when
the earthquake
hit, but they
were not hurt.
The 2o-footdeep crack just
missed the
house.
Where
Faults
Earthquakes usually occur where
they have happened in the past.
In the United States, earthquakes
as large or larger than the Oct. 17
earthquake have struck in the states
shaded in the map.
The crust that surrounds the
Earth is broken into 15 huge parts
called plates.
The weak edges around these
plates are called faults.
Most earthquakes tend to occur
along these faults.
~"!~ ~~2~:~;~it:~:~
plate might move the other way.
Or one plate migh t
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Quakes of this size have also
struck in Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands.
The chances of an earthquake are
much less in the eastern than in the
western United States. However, at
least some spot in every state has
felt the effects of an earthquake.
The shaded area shows the most active
earthquake areas.
When
Earthquakes happen in cycles. One
might happen in some places in
California every 10 years. In other
places, an earthquake might happen
every 100 or every 1,000 years!
Most earthquakes
occur in areas around
the Pacific Ocean. This
earthquake area is called
the "ring of fire./1
The Oct. 17
...
earthquake in California occurred
along the San Andreas fault. It
stretches 650 miles along the coast
of California. Many earthquakes
occur along this fault.
photos courtesy U.S. Geological Survey
.. A view from
the air of part
of the San
Andreas fault
in California.
The fault runs
through desert,
but it also runs
through cities
and towns
where many
people live.
The Mini Page
thanks Dr.
Walter W.
Hays, Office
of Earthquakes,
Volcanoes and
Engineering,
U.S. Geological
Survey, for
help with this
story.
7-2 (90)
Release Date: February 10-16
from The Mini Page by Belly Dd>nam
~
1990 Universal Press Syndicote
S as in Stegosaurus
Stegosaurus ...
• walked on all four legs, but the hind ones were
much longer than the front.
• could not run very fast so it had to stay and fight
its flesh-eating attackers.
• had about 17 big, tough, bony plates
down its back. The largest was about 3
feet high. The plates helped protect it from
flesh-eating dinosaurs. They also helped it
control its body temperature. They acted
as solar panels when it was cool and as
This is
radiators when the temperature was hot.
the 5
• had small, weak teeth in the back of its
in our
Dinosaur
mouth. It probably ate ferns and other
ABCs
ground cover because it carried its head so
series.
close to the ground.
Pronounced: steg-oh-SAW-russ.
Meaning: "roofed reptile:'
When it lived: 55-35 million years ago.
What it ate: soft plants.
Where bones have
been found:
North America.
e
from The Mini Page by Belly Debnam
~
Microwave Turkey Bean Casserole
You'll need:
• 1 medium onion, chopped
• 11;2 cups cooked turkey, shredded
• 1 16-ounce can pork and beans in
toma to sauce
• 1 IS-ounce can kidney beans, drained
• 1;2 cup mushrooms, sliced
• 1;2 cup chili sauce
• 1;4 teaspoon pepper
What to do:
1. Place onion in a 2-quart microwave-safe casserole.
Cover and microwave on HIGH for 3 minutes. Stir
after 11;2 minutes.
2. Stir in remaining ingredients. Mix well.
3. Cover and microwave on HIGH for 10 minutes.
Stir at 3 and 6 minutes. Let stand S minutes before
serving. Serves 6.
Mini Spy and her friends are having an earthquake drill.
The items hidden are things your family needs to store
in case of an earthquake.
• flashlight
I~ f I I
• blanket
• radio
• trash bag
• hammer
• wrench
• fire
extinguisher'
• 2 tin cans
• Band-Aid
• word
MINI
• book • boot • can opener • glove • aspirin bottle
1990 Universal Press Syndicate
•
You Need to Read!
Literate people know how to read. Can you read these handling words?
HANDLING
WORDS
THIS END UP
HANDLE
WITH CARE
PULL
HANDS OFF!
PUSH
Look around for more handling symbols and words in your neighborhood.
M ~~J~o'~-
• •
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B. Literate's
~~~s~
fro m The Mini Page by Betty Debnam e 1990 Universal Press Syndi ca te
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from The Mini Page by Betty Debnam
1990 Un iversa l Press Syndico te
~Rookie Cookie's Recipe
Mini Spy
The Mini Page thanks the Department of Paleobiology, National Museum
of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for help with this series.
~~
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FIND
Words about earthquakes are hidden in the block below. See if you
can find: EARTHQUAKE, INNER CORE, IRON, OUTER CORE,
ROCK, CRUST, FORCE, FOCUS, VIBRATIONS, ENERGY,
MEASURE, WAVES, RELEASE, CRACKS, HOLES, SAFETY, FAULT.
A 0 UTE R COR E N Y R G I
C 0 F 0 C U S H 0 L E S 0 Z N
E 0 P B MEA SUR E I C K N
N F E Q C R E LEA S E K J E
E 0 F U EAR T H QUA K E R
R R G V I BRA T ION S V C
GCCRACKSWAVESHO
Y E I RON J W C R U S TOR
K X S A F E T Y F A U L T F E
7-3 (90)
Release Date: February 10-16
For use by kids, parents and teachers, The Mini Page and Your Newspaper
Activity Book is a valuable resource in teaching youngsters to read. Activities in
The Mini Page lead children from The Mini Page to the local newspaper. Great for
the classroom! To order, send $7.95 plus $1 for postage and handling for each
book. Make check or money order payable to Andrews and McMeel and mail to
P.O . Box 419150, Kansas City, Mo. 64141.
Help Alpha Mouse find the desk to hide underneath!
Go dot to dot and color.
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from The Mini Page by Betty Debnam
C
1990 Universal Press Syndinte
New! The Mini Page Body Parts Book
Developed from the popular Mini Page series, this 38-page
book makes learning about the body fun for kids. Easy to
understand and illustrated throughout, the Body Parts Book
(8lh by 5lh inches) is perfect for classroom use or reading at
home.
from The Mini Page by Betty Debnam
C
1990 Universol Pre•• Syndicate
from The Mini Page by Betty Ikbnam C 1990 Universal Pres. Syndicate
Meet John StallloS
John Stamos plays Jesse on
the popular show "Full House."
John, 26, was born in
Orange County, California.
His father, Bill, owns some
restaurants and his mother,
Loretta, is a homemaker.
John's grandfather emigrated
from Greece .
John goes to church every
Sunday and spends time
visiting sick children in hospitals.
He lives in Los Angeles. He is also a musician and
has a recording studio in his home.
He has been interested in acting since he was
young.
~. MIGHTY~o
n@T1nofo'")~
0
~FUNNY'Sll\Jl.l]]lJil]] C!:LJ
~\.9~
WHAT IS A la-CENT
CITRUS FRUIT?
QDIME l.IME!
")
Name ____________________________
Address ________________________
City __________________________
Q: What did Ms. Melon say to Mr.
Melon?
State __________ Zip ______
Mighty Funny: We cantaloupe!
To order, send $3 for each book. Price includes
postage and handling. Send only checks or money
orders payable to Andrews and McMeel. Allow
4-6 weeks for delivery. Mail to Mini Page Body
Parts Book, p.n Box 419150, Kansas City,
Mo. 64141 . (Bulk discount information will
be provided upon request.)
Q: What did the string bean say
when it proposed to the pod?
Mighty Funny: Peas be mine!
(All jokes sent in by Mindy Nierman)
from The Mini Page by Betty Debnam C 1990 Universal Pre•• Syndicate
7-4 (90)
Release Date: February 10-16
from The Mini Poge by Betty Oebnom
C>
1990 Universol Press Syndicote
MORE ABOUT EARTHQUAKES
Our Earth
A. Inner core of solid iron and
nickel
B. Outer core of melted iron and
nickel
C. Mantle of solid rock
D. Hard crust, from 5 miles to 40
miles deep
The force of most earthquakes
is centered in the crust (D) and in
the upper part of the mantle (C).
Epicenter
Mantle
The focus is where the
earthquake starts.
The epicenter is the point on the
. Earth's surface just above the
focus. .
The Mercalli scale
(~ Scientists have ways
~to record how big
(~\;)
earthquakes are. The
~
Mercalli scale is based
on what people see. It
measures the effect of
earthquakes on people, landscape
and buildings, roads and bridges.
It uses Roman numerals from I
to XII.
. Below are just a few of the steps.
I. Not felt except by a few.
v. Felt by practically all and
frightened a few.
XII. Damage nearly total.
Tsunamis (soo-NAHM-ees) are
huge waves caused by earthquakes in the ocean. The waves
can be 100 feet high and travel
at speeds up to 600 miles per hour.
Seismic waves
A geophysicist points to the zigzag lines
recorded at a seismograph station. A
geophysicist (je-o-FIZ-i-cist) is a scientist
who studies the behavior and makeup of
the Earth.
During a quake, the Earth's
crust may first bend and then
snap into position.
While it's bending and breaking,
vibrations called "seismic waves"
travel from the source of the
quake to faraway places.
Seismographs (SIZE-mohgraphs) are instruments that
measure seismic waves. They can
measure earthquakes thousands of
miles away.
The instruments make zigzag
records on special paper.
This is how the. Oct. 17, 1989,
quake looked. It was rated 7.1 on
the Richter scale. It was a major
quake.
The Richter scale
The Richter scale measures how
much energy is released in an
earthquake.
It uses a special math formula.
1.0 to 2.0 - Usually only
detected by instruments
3.0 to 4.0 - Can hardly be felt
4.0 to 5.0 - Generally felt,
slight damage
6.0 - Moderately destructive
7.0 - Major earthquake
8.0 - Great earthquake
What happens
An earthquake is the sudden
release of energy caused by the
movement of the Earth's crust.
During an earthquake:
• the Earth shakes and cracks.
• there are landslides.
• sandy areas with a lot of
water might turn to liquid for a
matter of seconds up to a few
minutes. The liquid can be forced
upward as high as 20 feet. It blasts
through cracks and holes much
like a volcano erupts. The holes it
makes are called "sand boils" or
"sand blows."
The Charleston, S.c., earthquake of 1886
caused this sand boil.
Earthquake safety
Inside: Learn the
safe spots in each
room.
• under supported
archways
• against inside
walls
• under heavy pieces of
furniture such as a desk or heavy
table
• Stay away from things that,
could break or fall on you.
• Stay where you are. If
outdoors, stay outdoors. If
indoors, stay indoors. Most people
get hurt when they are entering
or leaving buildings.
Outside: Move away from
buildings, telephone and electric
wires. Once in the open, stay
there until the shaking stops.
Release Date: February 10-16
Read all
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about
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Appearing in your
newspaper on ____
(Note to Editor: Above is a
camera-ready, one columnby-414-inch ad promoting
Issue 7.)
tit;°I\Jtii~1 ~ej
7 (90)
from The Mini Page by Belly Debnam
Teacher's
Guide
For use by teachers and parents at home and at
school.
For use with issue: All About Earthquakes
Main idea: This issue is about earthquakes. The following is a list of activities to be
used with this issue. They are listed in order of difficulty, with the easier pre-reader
assignments listed first . Ask the children to do the following :
1. Practice what you should do if an earthquake hits your area . Discuss the safety
procedures.
2 . What do you think it would be like to feel an earthquake? How do you think the
children felt who were in the earthquake last October? Did you read any of the
newspaper articles on the earthquake?
3 . Why do you think it is so hard for scientists to predict when an earthquake will
hit? Would you like to be a scientist who studies earthquakes? What do you think a
job like that would be like?
4 . Look through the pictures in your newspaper for safe places to be if an
earthquake should hit.
5 . Look at and compare the different photos of the land . What words describe them ?
6. Look at the map in this issue to see if your area has ever been hit by an
earthquake like the one in California. Count the number of states that have.
7. Underline all the places mentioned. Find each one on a map or globe.
S. Find the following words: inner core, effects, crust, fault, landscape, predicted,
outer core, instruments, cycles, plates . Define and make up a new sentence for each
one.
9 . Pretend an earthquake hit your area . Write a newspaper article describing its
effects.
C
1990 Univer.al Pre•• Syndicate
~Gus Goodsport's Beport
Supersport: Ron Hextall
Height: 6-3
Weight: 192
Birthdate: 5-3-64
Birthplace: Brandon,
Manitoba, Canada
Ron Hextall is in his fourth season as
goaltender for the Philadelphia Flyers.
In 1987, Ron became the first goalie
in NHL history to score a goal by
shooting the puck into the opponent's
net.
Last year he was named the Flyers'
Most Valuable Player for the third
time. He also led all goaltenders in
games played (64) and minutes played (3,756). He tied
for first in assists (8) and was third in wins (30).
Ron lives in Voorhees, N.]., with his wife, son and
daughter.
(Note to Editor: Above is copy block for Page 3, Issue 7, to
be used in place of ad if desired.)