Title of work: “Station on Jupiter”
Project name: “Mums pieder debesis”
Author: Vladislav Korotkov
City: Riga
12c class
School N13
School teacher: Maija Samusevich
2009-2010
Plan of work
Introduction.............................................................................................................................3
1. Practical part.................................................................................................................4
1.1. Information about the Jupiter............................................................................4
1.2. The station. Original appearance.......................................................................5
1.3. Atmosphere of the station. Density. Altitude of the station.............................7
1.4. Energy...................................................................................................................9
1.5. Spaceship............................................................................................................10
1.6. Engines................................................................................................................12
1.6.1. Engine with blades..............................................................................12
1.6.2. Engine which uses the ingoing and outgoing water stream
reaction...........................................................................................................13
1.7. Flights from the Jupiter.....................................................................................14
References..............................................................................................................................16
Conclusions............................................................................................................................17
2
Introduction
In the near future Humanity will live on the stars. I want to present my work connected
with researching of the biggest planet – Jupiter. I have developed the project of the station on the
Jupiter. It is a station for 20 researchers who could find a lot of new information about this huge
planet. The atmosphere of Jupiter consists of H2 75 % and He 24 %. Mean density of Jupiter is
1333 kg/m^3 but density of the Earth is 5500 kg/m^3. It seems that a human being can’t live
there but I will prove that it isn’t true. [1]
The aim of the work
To create the station on the Jupiter where people could live and work.
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1. Practical part
1.1. Information about the Jupiter
At the beginning we should count the acceleration on the Jupiter. We know the mass
M=1.9 x 10^27 kg; the radius R=71 492 km and period of rotation T=9.925 h (using Earth’s
time); G=6.67 x 10^-11 m^3/(kg x s^2) [1]
Speed of rotation at equator V = 2 R/T = 12 572 m/s
Centripetal acceleration a = V^2/R = 2.21 m/s^2
Gravity acceleration F1=mg; F2=Gm1m2 / R^2; F1=F2; m=m1; M=m2; g=GM/R^2=24.8
m/s^2
Acceleration of free falling on the Jupiter gS=a+g=27 m/s^2
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1.2. The station. Original appearance.
The Jupiter consists of hydrogen and helium. The density of the station should be very
small. Because of this it will “fly” in upper-airs.
Draft of the station.
Top view
Denotations:
5
1. Dome.
2. Engine with blades (it is able to change the corner of blade attack and move the station (X;Y
co-ordinates).
3. and 4. Grounds (or runways) are used for landing of aircrafts.
5. Technical apartment of the engine (N2).
6. and 7. Technical apartments for grounds (runways). Sluices are on a platform.
8. Apartments for personal of the station.
9. Dining-room and resting-room.
10. Technical apartments.
11. Hangars for the modules exploring the planet.
12. Runways for modules. Sluices are on a platform.
13. Chemical laboratories.
14. and 15. Scientific laboratories.
16. Power unit.
17. Synthesizer of atmosphere (it will contain oxygen and 34580 Pa; it is used on APOLLO
ships).
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1.3. Atmosphere of the station. Density. Altitude of the station.
Density of the Jupiter is 1333 kg/m^3. It changes from upper-airs to the center of the
planet. If the density of the station is equal to the density of the atmosphere around the station,
the station does not change its altitude.
Atmosphere on the station will be the same with the spaceships “APOLLO”. 260
millimeters of mercury post (260 x 133 = 34580 Pa). The temperature T=293 K (room
temperature). R = 8.31 J/(mol x K).
PV=νRT; ν=m/M; m=ρV; ρ=PM/TR; ρatm.=0.45 kg/m^3
Radius of the dome R=100m. The station has a form of half of sphere. Mass of the
station’s constructions (there will be used a lot of polymers) mcon.=5 x 10^5 kg. Middle density
ρcon.= 2000 kg/m^3.
Vst.=2/3πR^3=2.1 x 10^6 m^3
V=mcon./ ρcon.=matm./ρatm. matm.=945 000 kg.
ρst.=(matm.+mcon.) / Vst. ρst. = 0.69 kg/m^3.
We need to count distance from the upper-airs to the station.
The mass of the Jupiter m=1.9 x 10^27 kg. ωH2=76%; ωHe=24%
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An average molar mass of Jupiter.
Mav.=2.3 x 10^-3 kg/mol
We use formula:
Where: acceleration of free falling on the Jupiter g=27 m/s^2. The average temperature
at the Jupiter T=340K. ρ0 – density of the upper-airs. ρ = 1333 kg/m^3
P=10^6 Pa; ρ0=0.8 kg/m^3
h = 6370 m
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1.4. Energy
The station needs energy. We can get it from the reaction.
In the Internet I found the information that from 1 kg of H2 we can achieve 119.7 x 10^6
J. [2] You can find it using formula:
We can transport O2 by spaceships from the Earth. We can count how much oxygen the
station will use per year.
Engine with blades (N2 in the draft) will use some energy
Mass of blades is 0.3kg (it is made from modern materials using the best technologies). R
= 2 m; It makes 700 rounds per minute ν=11.7 hertz.
W=Iω2=0.5mR2 ω2=2π2mR2ν2=3243J
For example we can use this engine 1.5 hours in a day.
W = 17 510 000 J (in a day)
W1 = 6 400 000 000 J (in a year)
The other outlays of the station amount W2 = 10^10 J (in a year)
W=W1+W2
W=1.64 x 10^10 J
We need m=W/q; m=137 kg H2
It can be kept in cylinders. P=1000 atm.=10^8
Pa; T=-253C or 20 K; R = 8.31 J/(mol x K)
V=mTR/PM=0.06 m^3. We can transport the
oxygen to the station once every 10 year. We can
also use water from the reaction. mH2O=1233kg
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1.5. Spaceship
It is used for researching the planet.
The draft
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Denotations:
1) Depository for oxygen.
2) Sprayer for oxygen.
3) Cone-shaped head part of rocket (for diminishing of windage).
4) Space for hydrogen.
5) Chamber for combustion of hydrogen.
6) Place for products of burning.
7) Exit for the products of burning.
8) Thermo protection.
9) Technical equipment.
*There are wings but I couldn’t show it.
The rocket flies by means of hydrogen burning. 75 % of the atmosphere of the Jupiter consists of
H2. We can burn this gas using oxygen from the station.
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1.6. Engines
1.6.1. Engine with blades
We can use engine with blades to move the station (X;Y co-ordinates without changing the
altitude).
You can download the work
In 2009 year I did a research connected with this topic.
from:
http://webfile.ru/4405385
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We can use the same construction with the device of changing the corner of blade attack.
For example:
1.6.2. Engine which uses the ingoing and outgoing water stream reaction.
We can use the other engine insted of the first.
In 2009 year I did a research connected with this topic.
Aluminium
plates
Tin jar
Cardboard
pack
ube
Tube
Lid
Place of
connection
Beeswax
Threads
The outgoing water stream has reaction, but ingoing – has not. The outgoing water stream reaction
creates the reactive draught. You can download the work from: http://webfile.ru/4404496
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1.7. Flights from the Jupiter
The first space speed (escape velocity) is mV1^2/R=GMm/R^2; V1^2=GM/R (M=1.9 x
10^27 kg; R=71 492 km; G=6.67 x 10^-11 m^3/(kg x s^2))
V1 = 42 km/s
To leave planet Jupiter an escape velocity should be mV2^2/2= GMm/R; V2^2=2GM/R
[3]
V2 = 59.5 km/s
The rocket should have a speed (The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation):
V = Ve ln (m0/mf.m.) – Vst.
Where: m0 is the initial total mass; mt.m. is the final total mass; Ve is the effective exhaust
velocity; Vst. – air and gravity resistance (speed). [4]
Vst. = ∆V
[9]
We also can use these formulas (there are ∆V of gravity resistance, ∆V of windage, and ∆V of
changing a direction of rocket):
Vst. = ∆Vg + ∆Va + ∆Vu
[6]
But we don’t use these formulas.
We will count only gravity resistance (speed). Rocket will fly {t} seconds. {g} on the
surface of the Jupiter is 27 m/s^2 but on {H} altitude we can don’t draw attention to it. For
example on altitude {H} gM = 0.5 m/s^2; g0=24.8 m/s^2 We use formula^ gM= g0R^2/(R+H)^2;
H = 43 x 10^6 m. We can count the average (it isn’t accurate timing) {g} g= g0R^2/(R+H/2)^2;
g=14.6 m/s^2 The average speed of rocket is V=59 500/2=29 750 m/s; t=H/V; t=1445 s;
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Vst.=gt; Vst.=21 100 m/s
To count the effective exhaust velocity Ve. or Iy we can use the formula:
[7]
Where: Tk is a temperature in a combustion chamber; u - coefficient of thermophysical
properties of gas in a combustion chamber; y - molecular mass of gas; Pa. - pressure in a
combustion chamber; Pk. – pressure in a nozzle (sprayer).
We will use Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (fuel). [8] u≈12; y=0.061 kg/mol;
Tk=23000 K; Pa.=7.6 x 10^5 Pa; Pk.=9.7 x 10^6 Pa
Ve.= 22 812 m/s
We have: V = Ve ln (m0/mf.m.) – Vst.; V=59 500 m/s; Vst.=21 100 m/s; Ve.= 22 812 m/s
We can find the mass of fuel.
A rocket which would from the Jupiter to the Earth will have: mass of constructions:
mcon. = 15 000 kg; payload: ml. = 1 000 kg; mass of fuel for flight mfl. = 5 000 kg; mass of fuel mf.
=?
m0= mcon.+ ml. + mfl. + mf. = 21 000 kg + mf.
mf.m.= mcon.+ ml. + mfl. = 21 000 kg
From the formula we can find the mass of the fuel.
15
References
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter
[2] http://fiz.1september.ru/articlef.php?ID=200801002
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocity
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
[5]http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD
%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81
[6]http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB
%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE
%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE#cite_note-0
[7]http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD
%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsymmetrical_dimethylhydrazine
[9] Book: М. Баррер, А. Жомотт, Б.Ф. Вебек, Ж. Ванденкеркхове «Ракетные двигатели»
689-691; 708 стр. 1962
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Conclusions
In the work we:
1) Have found the acceleration of free falling on the Jupiter.
2) Have drawn a draft of the station.
3) Have counted the altitude of the station.
4) Have counted how much energy the station will use.
5) Have drawn a draft of the rocket which will research the planet.
6) Have thought about engines on the station.
7) Have counted mass of fuel on the rocket which will fly from the Jupiter to the Earth.
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