International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology
Int.Arch.App.Sci.Technol;Vol6[4]December2015:29-32
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Gravitational Properties of Atom
S. Orlov
UniversityinPetrozavodsk,Russia
Email:[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The evidence that the strength of any body provide nuclear forces of gravity. The nuclear force of gravity generated by
the essential micro vortices. The vortex creates a pressure gradient in the ether. The pressure gradient is the source of
nuclear energy. The nuclear force of gravity on the surface of the cores is equal for all elementary particles.
Keywords: Theory of atomic vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony. Strength, mass and energy substances.
UDC524.8
Received 12/08/2015
Revised 11/11/2015
Accepted 03/12/2015
Citation of this article
S. Orlov. Gravitational Properties of Atom. Int. Arch. App. Sci. Technol; Vol 6 [4] December 2015: 29-32.
DOI.10.15515/iaast.0976-4828.6.4.2932
INTRODUCTION
The strength of any substance is created interatomic forces of attraction. In modern science these are
called electrostatic or quantum-mechanical. The nature of the interatomic forces, there are following
typesofcommunicationinsolids:ionic,covalent,metallic,hydrogenbond,VanderWaalsforces[1].
In this paper we propose to consider a new model of the interatomic bonds. The interatomic forces of
attraction is the atomic force of gravity. The proposed physical model is based on the theory of vortex
gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony. The next chapter presents the basic principles of the theory of
vortexgravitation.
VORTEX GRAVITY
In the theory, the vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony states that outer space is of ether
vortices.Thesevortices(torsionbars)created:
-Celestialbodies(objects)andelementaryparticles,
-Theforceofattractionbetweenthem.
Vorticesandthecorrespondingbodyofdifferentvalue.Thelargestterrestrialvortex,whichcanobserve
peopleit'sauniversalvortex,thesmallestnuclear.
Theorbitalspeedofetherineachvortexdecreasestowardtheperipheryofthevortexaccordingtothe
inversesquarelaw.Speedoftheetherisseveralordersofmagnitudegreaterthanthespeedoflight.The
changeoforbitalvelocityinaclosedvolumeethercreateinthisvolumeisinverselyproportionaltothe
changeinpressure.Reducingthepressureinawhirlwind,forcingallofthebodies,accordingtothelawof
Archimedes, to move in the direction of least pressure, that is, to the center of the torsion bar (atom).
TheseArchimedianforcesaretheforcesofgravity.Suchapatternactsthesameinallessentialvortices.
Theetherissupersmalldensegas.Itconsistsofthesmallestparticles–amers[3].Etherfreelypermeates
anybodyorsubstance,exceptforsuper-densebodies,whicharethenucleiofatoms.Therefore,according
tothelawofArchimedes,thevortexgravitationforcedoesnotactonthebodymass.Theseforcesacton
thetotalamountofnucleonsinthebody,whichisinthevortexflowether.
Accordingtothevortexcosmogony,theatomswascreatedmicrovortices1storder.Inthecenterofatom
vortex gravitational force achieves huge quantities. This force of gravity produces the same huge
compressiveforceonether'ssubstances(amers)inthecenterofthevortex.Therefore,thesubstancein
thecenteroftheatomicvortexiscondensedtothelimitvaluesandethercannotpenetrateit.Thiscenter
is the nucleus of the atom. By the rotation of the ether near the surface of the nucleus, it acts the
resistance of this surface. Therefore, on the lower orbits of the atomic vortex, turbulence occurs and
vorticesevensmaller2-thorder.Microvortices2-ndorderlessmicrovortices1-thordertoanenormous
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value.Microvortices2ndordercreatesultrafineparticlesofappropriatesize.Theseparticlescreatethe
substanceoftheatom,whichsurroundsthenucleusoftheatom.
Asthe distancefromtheatomicnucleusvortexgravitationforce decreases.Therefore,thesubstanceof
the atom, outside of its nucleus, also reduces its density is proportional to the force of gravity and the
distancefromthecenteroftheatom.Consequently,theflowofatomicvortexfreelypermeatesthematter
outsidethenucleusofanatom.Basedontheaboveitcanbeconcludedthattheforceofatomicattraction
begins to have effect from the surface of the atomic nucleus and decreases in accordance with the
classicallawofinversesquaredistancefromthecenteroftheatom.
In modern physics it is argued that the density of substance nucleons is the same in all elementary
particles[4][5].Thisclaimcorrespondstotheproposedatomicmodel.Asmentionedabove,thedensity
of the nucleus and the force of compression or force of gravity on the surface of the nuclei should be
maximumandequalforallatoms(substances).
In the theory of vortex gravitation [2] derived the following equation to determine the strength of the
vortexgravitation,includingatomic:
(1),from
(2),where
V–volumeofnucleons,whichisthestrengthofthevortexgravitation,
Vr -thespeedoftheorbitalcirculationofetheronagivenorbit,
r-theradiusoftheorbit,whichisdeterminedbythestrengthofthevortexgravitation,
 = 8.85 х 10-12kg/m3isthedensityofether[3].
Theaboveproposedgravitationalprincipleofcreationandtheexistenceofatomsandatomicnucleusin
modern science is not studied. Consequently, there is no calculation principles of interatomic forces of
attractionbasedontheconceptofgravity.
The following chapter provides a review of the calculation of atomic forces of gravity. Interatomic
attractionforceisdetermined,notenergy.
THE NUCLEAR GRAVITY
Thestrengthofthevortex,atomicgravitydependsonthespeedofrotationofthewhirlwindatomicether
(Equation1).Wedefinethisrateforanatomic,ethericvortexuranium,basedonexperimentalproperties.
1.Thelimittensilestrengthofuranium
=37кг/мм
2.Thenumberdensityofuraniumρu=19100кг/м3
3.Themassofanatomofuranium
mau=238а.е.м.х1,66х10-27кг=395x10-27кг[6]
4.Thenumberofatomsin1m3
∑a1м3=ρu/mau=19100/395x10-27=48,4х1027
5.Thenumberofatomsintheplaneofthecrosssectionofuraniumwithanareaof1m2
∑a1m2=(48,4х1027)2/3=13,2х1018
6.Thesamein-planeareaof1mm2
∑a1mm2=(13,2х1018)/106=13,2х1012
7.Thelimitoftensilestrengthforasingleatom
/∑a1mm2=37/13,2x1012=2,8x10-12
а=
8.AssumingthatthegravitationalforceofatomsFaaequivalenttensilestrengthofthesubstance,taking
intoaccount
Faa=
=2,8x10-12
9.Thenumberofatomsinthelineardimensionof1m
∑a1м=(∑a1м3)1/3=(48,4х1027)1/3=3,64x109
10.TheinteratomicdistanceRaa=1м/∑a1м=1/3,64x109=2,7x10-10m
11.ThemassnumberofthenucleusA=395,1
12.Theradiusofthenucleusofanatom
Rn=1,4x10-15x(A)1/3=1,4x10-15x(395,1)1/3=10-14m
13.Thevolumeofthenucleusofanatom
VA=4/3xπxR3=4/3x3,14x(10-14)3=4,2x10-42m3
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14. Substitute in equation (2) known values VA, Raa, ρ. Determine the speed of the ether vr on the
interatomicdistance(orbitRaa).
Onthebasisofthe relationshipbetweentheorbitalvelocityofthe etherfromtheradiusoftheorbitof
determinedbythespeedofrotationoftheetheronthesurfaceofthenucleus
тогда vn=0,45x164=7,4x1017m/c
15. Orbital velocity of the ether vr =
creates the following the strength of the vortex
gravitationontheinteratomicdistance
16. Defined vortex force of gravity on the surface of the nucleus, based on the inverse square law of
distanceFn/Fa=Ra/Rn:
Thesameschemeisdefinedtheforceofgravityonthesurfaceoftheatomicnucleiforothersubstances.
Theresultsareshownintable1
Table1
Name Gold
Fn
Coppe
Silver
Uranium
Platinum
2,1x1038xVA 1,2x1039xVA 4,5x1038xVA 4,7x1038xVA 3.4x1038xVA
The atomic value of gravity at the surface of nuclei of various substances (table. 1) equal, in the same
order.
Note 1.Thecalculationofgravitationalforcesofanatomofuranium–notcompleteandnotaccurateasit
does not include the gravitational force from other neighboring atoms and are based on experimental
values.
Note 2. The calculation of gravity, atomic forces on the classical laws of gravity (Newton's theory and
Einstein's)isimpossible,sincein thesetheoriesthesourceofgravitationalforces arethemassesofthe
bodies,measuredinkilograms.Therefore,theresultsofcalculationsaccordingtotheclassicalequations
differ from the actual values tremendously. For example determine the force of attraction between the
atomsofuraniumonthebasisoftheequationofuniversalgravitationNewton:
(3)
OnthebasisofNewton'sequationsthemagnitudeofthenucleargravitation(1,4х10-40)to1028 times
smallerthantheactual,experimental(2.8x10-12).Thusknownclassicalgravitationtheoryforthestudy
ofmicroparticlescannotbeused.Sohaveanynewconceptsinteratomicattraction.
NUCLEAR ENERGY The velocity gradient of ether in the nuclear whirlwind (the torsion bar) creates not only the force of
gravity,butactsasasourceofenergy.Thearticle"theEquivalenceofenergyandmassofatomicenergy"
[7]onthe basisofthe equationMendeleev–Clayperonshowsa propertyofagaseousmedium(ether)
withthepressuretocreateenergy.SelectedenergyEisdeterminedbytheequation:
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S. Orlov
(4),from
(5),where
vn=7х1017–maximumspeedofairintheatomicvortex(onthesurfaceofthenucleus).
Vt-volumeofetherealatomicvortex
=8.85х10-12kg/m3isthedensityoftheether
WedefinetheenergyvalueoftheuraniumatomusinganexperimentalPoincareformula.
E=mc2=3,95х10-25х9х1017=3,55х10-7(J)(6)
m=3,95х10-25kgisthemassoftheuraniumatom
c=3х108m/cisthespeedoflight
SubstitutethenumericalvaluesofE,,Vninequation(5),wedefinetheatomicvolume,essentialtorsion.
(7)
Inthetheoryofvortexgravitationtheproofthatgravity,etherealvorticeshaveadisc-likeconfiguration.
Therefore,theobtainedvolumeofthetorsioninequation(7)correspondstoitssizewiththesizeofan
atom.Inparticular,itcanbeessentialtorsionbarwitharadiusof10-8mandtheaxialthicknessof10-10
m. Therefore, the equation for determining the energy on the basis of the vortex gravitation (3)
correspondstotheexperimentalformula(6).
Note 3: With the destruction of (splitting) of the atom (nucleus) is destroyed and atomic torsion. The
pressure in torsion increases sharply to the values of free ether, which must be accompanied by the
releaseofenergy,accordingtotheformula(6).
CONCLUSION
Basedontheaboveconclusionscanbedrawn:
1. The strength of all bodies providing nuclear forces of gravity rather than electrostatic or quantummechanical.Theinteratomicforcesofattractioncanonlybedeterminedwiththeuseofequationsandthe
theoryofvortexgravitation.
2.Theforceofatomicattractiononthesurfaceofthecoresisthesameforallatoms.
3.Thegravitationalmassofabodyisequivalenttothevolumeofthenucleonsinthebody.
4. The proposed calculations for the first time obtained a result that proves that the interatomic
attraction,themassofthenucleus(theamountofnucleons)andtheenergyoftheseatomsgeneratesthe
samephysicalprocess-therotationoftheether,theatomicvortex.
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