JCBPS; Section B; February 2016 – April 2016, Vol. 6, No.2, 291-296.
E- ISSN: 2249 –1929
Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences
An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences
Available online at www.jcbsc.org
Section B: Biological Sciences
CODEN (USA): JCBPAT
Research Article
Influence of Topography and Shading Condition on the
Incidence and Severity of Red Rust (Cephaleuros
Parasiticus Karst.) Disease of Tea in Chittagong Region
Juel Datta1*, Abdul Muqit2, Afsana Hossain3, Rakibul Hasan4 and Tareq Ahmed5
1,5
MS student, 2Associate Professor, 3Assistant Professor, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Plant
Pathology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100,
Bangladesh
Received: 27 January 2016; Revised: 08 February 2016; Accepted: 11 February 2016
Abstract: A survey was conducted to find out the influence of topography and
shading condition on the incidence and severity of red rust disease of teain different
tea estates of greater Chittagong region during April to July 2014. Different
topographic situations like flat, hillock, hill and shading conditions (shaded and unshaded areas) were considered during data collection. Disease incidence and severity
varied from 52 to 62% in different tea estates. However, in flat and un-shaded areas
disease incidence and severity was significantly higher than other areas. Baromasia
tea estate had the highest average disease incidence (64.33%) and severity (17.32%)
as compared to other tea estates. The lowest (51.67%) disease incidence was
observed in New Datmara tea estate. On the other hand, disease severity did not vary
significantly. In addition, red rust disease was more prevalent in flat areas showing
61.47% disease incidence and 16.46% disease severity than hillock and hill areas.
Red rust disease was greatly influenced by shading conditions. Significantly lower
amount of disease was observed in shaded areas.
Key words: red rust, topography, hillock, tea
INTRODUCTION
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the oldest and most popular and favourite beverages (nonalcoholic) in the world. Bangladesh is the 16th tea consuming country in the world & 10th in tea
production (64 mkg in 2012) in the world1. Tea is susceptible to many diseases caused by fungi,
bacteria, viruses, nematodes. Among the tea diseases, leaf diseases are important due to the obvious
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Juel Datta et al.
reason that tea plants are cultivated for its young succulent. Among the leaf diseases, red rust is a
predominant disease in tea garden caused by algae, Cephaleuros parasiticus Karst.3, 4. Diseased leaves
become yellow, white and variegated and usually develop circular zones with purple margins. Orange
or brick-colored hair like fructifications may form on damaged tissue under humid condition5. Red
rust can attack both young and old tea plants under adverse conditions of soil and climate. The
predisposing factors of the disease are mainly poor fertility, alkalinity and lack of aeration of the soil,
hardpan, inadequate or complete absence of shade, drought and water logging condition6. There are
no information on the incidence and severity of red rust disease in different tea estates of Chittagong
region. The disease is widely distributed in the zones of North-East India, Srilanka, and Bangladesh3.
In Bangladesh, about 8-25% tea estates are affected with this disease3. The present investigation was
carried out to evaluate effect of topography and shading condition on the incidence and severity of red
rust disease of tea and to observe the disease status in different tea estates of Chittagong region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data was collected from different Tea Estates of Chittagong region. The selected tea estates were
situated under Chittagong valley circles. Data were collected with two variance namely topography
and shading condition. The tea estates situated in different locations with different land topography
viz. flat, hillock and hill area is variable. A geographic area composed chiefly of land that varies little
in elevation and lacks appreciable topographic relief is known as flatland. In geology, a valley or
hillock is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. Hills often have a distinct summit,
although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of flat terrain
without a massive summit. Planting shade tree in a tea estate is a common practice. Direct sunlight
may hamper significant growing of tea. However, tea estates divided in two parts based on shade
condition i.e. shaded and un-shaded area. The survey conducted in selected tea estates during April to
July 2014. From each location, three samples were selected randomly from each topography viz. hill,
flat and hillock and in shaded and un-shaded areas. Moreover, randomly 50 tea bushes were selected
for each sample for data collection as much population of tea bushes occupied in each sample. The
standing infection was assessed by eye estimation and disease was scored on a 0-5 scale, where 0=
0% infection, 1= 1 to 20%, 2= 21 to 40%, 3= 41 to 60%, 4= 61 to 80%, 5= 81 to 100% (Islam and
Ali, 2010). Disease incidence and Percent disease index (PDI) was calculated according to the
following formula:
Number of infected plants
i.
Disease Incidence (%) =
ii.
Percent Disease Index (PDI) =
Total number of plants
× 100
Sum of total rating
Total number of observation × Highest grade in the scale
× 100
Data were analyzed by using MSTATC and MS Excel computer programs. Mean separation was
done following Least Significant Difference (LSD).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Influence of topography: Flat area was more prone to red rust disease than hillock and hill area
(Figure 1). Red rust disease incidence in flat areas was almost 61.47% while in hillock and hill areas
it was 60.13% and 56.90% respectively. Incidence of red rust disease was decreased with increasing
of land slope from flat land towards hilly land of tea estate. Islam and Ali7observed that red rust
disease incidence was higher in flat area. The result obtained from the study is in agreement with the
findings of Islam and Ali7. Variations of disease severity among the tea estates were insignificant.
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Juel Datta et al.
Meanwhile, severity of red rust disease was also high in flat land. The severity percentage of red rust
disease in flat land was around 16.46%, which followed by hillock (15.79%) and hill (14.23%).Wide
variation was found in terms of disease incidence and severity in different tea estates (Figure 2).
Disease incidence varied from 51% to 64% and severity varied from 12% to 17%. The highest disease
incidence (64.33%) was recorded from Baromasia tea estate followed by Rangapani tea estate,
Datmara tea estate, Karnafuli tea estate, Koiyachora tea estate, Ramgarh tea estate, Panchabati tea
estate and Neptune tea estate. The lowest disease incidence was observed in New Datmara tea estate
(51.67%). Similar trend was observed in case of disease severity.
Influence of shading condition: Influence of shading condition on incidence and severity of red rust
disease of tea is presented in Table 1. Results indicated that the average highest disease incidence
observed in un-shaded condition was higher (61.60%) than shaded condition (57.67%). There was no
significant variation in disease severity. A significant variation was observed in red rust disease
incidence in different tea estates (Table 2). Comparatively higher disease incidence and severity were
found in un-shaded areas at almost all tea estates.
In addition, maximum disease incidence and severity (PDI) was found in Baromasia tea estate within
shaded and un-shaded areas. However, minimum disease incidence for both shaded and un-shaded
areas were found in New Datmara tea estate and Neptune tea estate, respectively. Survey on red rust
disease of tea in the different tea estates of Chittagong region revealed that disease was present in all
the tea estates and the variation was not very wide. The study suggested that red rust disease was
moderately influenced by different topographical and shading conditions. Comparatively higher
amount of disease was observed in flat and hillock areas of the tea estates as compared to hill areas.
Red rust disease incidence was significantly lower in the shaded areas than un-shaded areas.
Incidence
61.47
Severity
60.13
16.46
Flat
56.9
15.79
Hillock
14.23
Hill
Figure 1: Incidence and severity of red rust disease of tea in different topography of tea estates
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Juel Datta et al.
Incidence
62
60
60.33
62.11
60.67
62.33
64.33
17.32
Baromasia
16.31
Rangapani
15.95
Datmara
16.04
Koiyachhora
15.13
Panchabati
15.91
Ramgarh
13.33
Neptune
15.96
Karnafuuli
12.2
New Datmara
16.6
59.56
52
51.67
Mohammod-nagar
Severity
Tea Estates
Figure 2: Occurrence of red rust disease in different tea estates of Chittagong region
Table 1: Incidence and severity of red rust disease of tea as influenced by shading condition in
Chittagong region
Shading Condition
Incidence (%)
Severity (PDI)
Shaded
57.67*
14.60
Un-shaded
61.60
16.40
Lsd (t= 0.05)
2.769
2.797
*Significantly varies
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Juel Datta et al.
Table 2: Incidence and severity (PDI) of Red rust disease as influenced by Shading condition and
location
Tea Estates
Shaded
Un-shaded
Incidence (%)
PDI
Incidence (%)
PDI
Mohammod Nagar Tea Estate
53.11 BCD
14.31 ABC
66.67 AB
19.69 A
New Datmara Tea Estate
49.78 D
11.6 C
53.55 D
12.80 C
Karnafuuli Tea Estate
59.11 AB
15.16 AB
64.89 ABC
16.76 B
Neptune Tea Estate
50.89 CD
12.35 BC
53.11 D
14.31 BC
Ramgarh Tea Estate
59.33 AB
15.24 AB
61.33 ABC
16.58 B
Panchabati Tea Estate
58.89 A
14.53 A
60.22 BC
15.73 B
Koiyachhora Tea Estate
59.33 AB
16 AB
62
C
16.27 B
Datmara Tea Estate
62.22 ABC
15.87 ABC
62
C
16.22 B
Rangapani Tea Estate
61.11 AB
14.45 ABC
64.89 ABC
15.76 B
Baromasia Tea Estate
63 A
16.5 A
68.33 A
20.31 A
Average
57.67
14.60
61.60
16.40
*Data represented by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at 5% level of significance
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Dr. AHM Mahfuzur Haque, Dr. M. Asad-ud-Doullah and Monirul Islam for their assistance
with field work, data collection and data analysis; the staffs of different tea estates of Chittagong
region, MS student and staffs of the department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science.
REFERENCES
1. BTB (Bangladesh Tea Board). Chittagong, Bangladesh. Annual Report for 2012,
12-14.
2. N. Muraleedharan and Z. M. Chen. Pests and diseases of tea and their management.
Journal of Plant Crops. 1999, 15-43.
3. D. L. Sana, Tea Science. (Ashrafia Bio Ghar, Dhaka). 1989, 224-226.
4. M. Huq, M.Ali and M. S. Islam,Red rust disease of tea and its management. Journal
of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, 2007, 1-8.
5. T. M. Chen, Diseases of tea and their control in the people’s republic of China. Tea
research Institute, Agricultural academy of China. 1982, 961-965.
6. K. C. Sarmah, Red rust (Cephaleuros parasiticus Karst.) Disease of tea and associated
crops in North - East India, 1960, 26:4446.
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7. M. S. Islam and M. Ali, Incidence and severity of major tea disease in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010, 35(4), 605-610.
*Corresponding Author: Juel Datta
Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Faculty of Agriculture
Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
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