futures UPFRONT
Workbook1.4
PersonCentredPracticeAcrossCultures
ReflectivePractice-
whydifferentpointsofviewmatter
July2016
ThisworkbookhasbeendevelopedforNationalDisabilityServicesby:
BarbelWinter,ManagingDirector,futuresUpfront
andMariaKatrivesis,ConsultantandTrainer
Firstpublished(July2016)
©futuresUpfront
Formoreinformationandforpermissiontoreproducepleasecontact:
futuresUpfront
email:[email protected]
web:www.futuresupfront.com.au
Producedby
NDSNSW
Level18,1CastlereaghSt
Sydney,NSW2000
Fundedby
NSWDepartmentofFamilyandCommunityServices.
©Thispublicationiscopyright
Allrightsreserved.ExceptasprovidedintheCopyrightAct1968(Commonwealth),nouse
ofthiswork,whichiswithintheexclusiverightofthecopyrightowners,maybemade.
Contact
NDS
0292563100
[email protected]
www.nds.org.au
AboutNationalDisabilityServices
NationalDisabilityServicesisthepeakbodyfornon-governmentdisabilityservices.Its
purposeistopromotequalityserviceprovisionandlifeopportunitiesforpeoplewith
disability.NDS’sAustralia-widemembershipincludesmorethan1000non-government
organisations,whichsupportpeoplewithallformsofdisability.NDSprovidesinformation
andnetworkingopportunitiestoitsmembersandpolicyadvicetostate,territoryand
federalgovernments.
Table of Contents
1.
Preface......................................................................................................................2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.
Howtousethisworkbook?...................................................................................................2
Whatisthisworkbookabout?...............................................................................................3
Outcomes:.............................................................................................................................3
Whoisthisworkbookfor?....................................................................................................3
Howlongwillthisworkbooktaketocomplete?...................................................................3
TheWorkbook...........................................................................................................4
2.1
Whatisreflectivepractice?...................................................................................................4
2.2
ThoughtfulActionvsReflectivePractice...............................................................................5
2.3
Whatarethebenefitsofreflectivepractice?........................................................................6
2.4
ThinkingonyourfeetvsReflectivePractice..........................................................................6
2.5
HowdowedoReflectivePractice?.......................................................................................6
2.5.1 ReflectivePracticeCycle:..................................................................................................7
2.6
UsingReflectivePracticetoolstothinkcriticallyaboutacasestudy.................................11
3.
Conclusion................................................................................................................17
Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice
2
1. Preface
Thisworkbookispartofaseriesofresourcesforthedisabilityservices
sectordesignedbyfuturesUpfrontforNDSwithfundingprovidedbythe
NSWDepartmentofFamilyandCommunityServices;Ageing,Disabilityand
HomeCare.
1.IndividualPractices–workingwithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswith
disability
1.1Empathy–apracticetoconnectacrosscultures
1.2Activelistening–unconditionalpositiveregardacrosscultures
1.3Choicemaking–cross-culturaldifferencesandwhatcanwelearn
fromthem
1.4ReflectivePractice–whydifferentpointsofviewmatter
1.5Workingeffectivelywithinterpreters
2.OrganisationalPractices–buildingaculturallyresponsiveorganisation
2.1Terminologyanddata–aguidetounderstandingculturaldiversity
anddisability
2.2Makingthebusinesscase–whydiversityisgoodforbusiness
2.3Aculturallyresponsivepersoncentredorganisation–keyelements
2.4Leadingtowardsculturalresponsiveness–apracticalguidefor
managers,teamleadersandcoaches
2.5Buildingadiverseworkforce–practicalstrategies
2.6Valuingbilingualworkers–strategiestorecruit,trainandretain
3.CommunityEngagement–workingalongsidediversecommunities
3.11Community@atime–culturallyresponsivecommunity
engagementprinciplesandelements
3.2MakingLinks–networkingwithCALDCommunities
3.3Cross-culturalstory-basedmarketing–1story@atime
Thisworkbookispartof“IndividualPractices–workingwithpeoplefrom
CALDbackgroundswithdisability”series.
1.1
How to use this workbook?
Thisworkbookcanbeusedinmanydifferentways,including:
´ Asaself-pacedlearningprogrambyanindividual
´ Asaself-pacedlearningprogramforagroup
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Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice
3
´ Aspartofformaltrainingorganisedbyanorganisation
´ Aspartofcoachingandmentoring.
Thisworkbookincludesexercisesandopportunitiesforreflections(when
workingbyyourself)ordiscussions(whenworkingwithothers).
Thereisplentyofroominyourworkbooktotakenotesandmakecomments.
1.2
What is this workbook about?
Thisworkbookisaboutdevelopingyourpersoncentredpracticeacross
cultures.Itdescribeshowyoucanusereflectivepracticeandcriticalthinking
tobetterunderstandhowyourworldviewimpactsonandinfluencesyour
behaviourandworkpractice.
Itprovidesyouwiththetoolstochallengeyourthinkinganddevelop
practicesthathelpyouseetheworldfromthepointofviewofthepeople
yousupportandyourco-workers.
1.3
Outcomes:
Oncompletionoftheworkbookyouwill:
´ Beabletousecriticalthinkingtoreflectonanareaofyourwork
practice
´ Betterunderstandhowyourvaluesandjudgementsimpactonyour
workpractice
´ Havetoolstoreflectonyourworkpracticeanddiscoveryourblind
spots.
1.4
Who is this workbook for?
Thisworkbookisforanyonewhowouldlikecontinuechallengethemselves
andtheirteamstobuildtheirskillsforworkingculturallyresponsivelyand
respectfullywithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability.
1.5
How long will this workbook take to complete?
Thisworkbookshouldtakeyou60minutestocomplete.Howeverwe
recommendsettingaside2-3hourswhenusingthisworkbookwithyour
teamstoexploreandchallengeyourworkpractice.
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Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice
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2. The Workbook
2.1
What is reflective practice?
Reflectivepracticeis“asetofabilitiesandskills,toindicatethetakingofa
criticalstance,anorientationtoproblemsolvingorstateofmind”(Moon,
1999:63).
Itistheprocessofreflectingonourexperiencetoimproveouractionsand
professionalpractice.Itinvolveslookingathowandwhywethinkand
behaveinanygivensituation.It’saboutbeingconsciousandawareofour
actionsandtheirconsequences.Itforcesustoquestionwhatitisthatwe
knowandhowwehavecometoknowit.
Awiderangeofactivitiesassociatedwiththinkingandlearningaboutour
workpracticessuchas:
´ selfandpeerassessment,
´ problem-basedlearning,
´ personaldevelopmentplanning,and
´ groupwork
canallbeusedtosupportareflectivepracticeapproach.
Reflectivepracticeencouragesyoutodevelopself-awarenessandcritically
thinkabouthowourculturalframeworks,valuesandbeliefsimpactonour
interactionswithothers.Regularreflectivepracticehelpsincreaseyour
awarenessofyourpersonallens(es).Itcansupportyoutodevelopagreater
levelofself-awarenessaboutthenatureandimpactofyourwork
performance,whichcanleadtoopportunitiesforprofessionalgrowthand
development.
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Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice
2.2
5
Thoughtful Action vs Reflective Practice
Reflectivepracticeisdifferenttotheeverydaythoughtfulaction,orreflection
onthego:
Thoughtful Action
Reflective Practice
Isinstantaneous–onedecideswhattodo
Requiresonetotaketimeouttoreflect.It
next,thinkingaboutitforonlyasplitsecond involvesaconsciousattempttoplan,
describe,andreflectontheprocessand
outcomesoftheaction
Thereisnocycleofclearlydefinedseparate
phases.Itisanunpredictablesequence
becauseonerespondstoeventsinthe
situationitself.
Itisaclearcycleofseparatemomentsin
whichoneengagesincompletelydifferent
activities.
Thereisnodescribingmoment,becauseone Asreflectionoccursafteraction,onecreates
isengagedinacting.
anobservationalrecordanddescribesthe
resultsoftheaction.
Oneisnotaimingatanimprovementtothe
practice.Oneisthinkingabouthowbestto
dowhatonealwaysdoes.
Themajoraimistoproduceanimprovement
tothepractice.
Thereisnoelementofinquiryandoneisnot Onedesignsandusesinquirystrategiesto
findoutmoreaboutone’spractice.
deliberatelysettingouttolearnsomething
fromexperience.
(Phillips,Bain,McNaught,Rice,&Tripp;1999)
Reflection
Describetwowaysyouhaveusedtoreflectonyourworkpractice?
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2.3
6
What are the benefits of reflective practice?
Reflectivepracticeisausefultoolforbuildingindividualculturalcompetence
andpersoncentredpracticeby:
´ Challengingandquestioningourvalues,beliefs,culturalunderstandings
andbehavioursandhowtheseinfluenceourworkpractice
´ Scrutinisingourassumptionsandstereotypes
´ Buildingyourknowledgeandexperience
´ Promotingyourlearningbydevelopingyourunderstandingofhowyou
canbetterrespondtodiversity;and
´ Learningfromsuccessesandmistakes.
2.4
Thinking on your feet vs Reflective Practice
Allofus,atsomemomentinourdayorweek,willneedtoreactandmakea
decisionveryquickly.Wereflectbrieflyonthesituationandmakeadecision
basedonthatmomentaryreflection.Thisissometimescalled:“thinkingon
ourfeet”or“reflectiononthego”.Peoplesaythatduringthesetimesthey
areoperatingontheirinstinctsandarerelyingonpreviousexperienceand
theirskillstogetthemthroughthesituation.Theseareveryvaluableskillsto
have.Theyenableustoactquickly.Duringthesemomentswearethinking
abouthowbesttodowhatwehavealwaysdone.Thereisnoelementof
inquiryandwearenotdeliberatelysettingouttolearnsomethingfromthis
experience.
ReflectivePracticeisaconsciousattempttoplan,describe,andreflectona
processandoutcomesofanaction.Themajoraimistoproducean
improvementtoworkpractice.Todothisweneedtoconsciouslytaketime
outtoreflect.Itinvolvesaclearcycleofseparatemomentsinwhichyouare
engagedincompletelydifferentactivities.Thisisquitedifferentto“thinking
onyourfeet”,andallowsyoutoshareyourthoughtprocesseswithothers,
therebynotjustbenefitingyourownlearningbutthelearningofyourteams
andorganisationasawhole.
2.5
How do we do Reflective Practice?
Therearemanytoolsandresourcesavailabletohelpyoureflectonyourwork
practice:whattheyallhaveincommonisaprocessthatenablesyoutolook
backorobservewhathappened,reflectandlearn,andidentifyandapplya
differentapproachnexttime.
Thissectionwillintroduceyoutotwoofthem:
´ ReflectivePracticeCycle
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´ JohariWindowModel
2.5.1 ReflectivePracticeCycle:
Onesimpleapproachusesfourdiscreetstages.Eachstageinvolvesasking
yourselfaseriesofcriticalquestionsinorderto‘unpack’asituationand
understanditfromarangeofstandpoints,includingyourownandother
people’s.Itchallengesyoutothinkaboutyourassumptionsandidentifyany
underlyingissuesthatmayhaveimpactedonthesituation.Itacknowledges
thatitisokaytomakemistakesaslongaswelearnfromthem.
Thesimplediagrambelowdescribesthefourstagesofreflectivepractice.
Theseare:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Describe
Reflection
Implementation
Evaluation
Fig1:ReflectivePracticeCycle:
4.Review
1.Describe
3.Act
2.Reflect
Figure2belowoutlinessomeofthekeyquestionsforeachstageofthe
reflectivepracticecycletohelpyouunpackandreflectonthesituationor
event.
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Fig2:ReflectivePracticeKeyQuestions:
•  Consider:
•  WhatdoIunderstandaboutthecurrent
situakon?
•  WhatassumpkonsamImaking?
•  Whataretheunderlyingissues?
1.Describe
(thesituakon)
2.Reflect
(onwhathappened)
3.Act
(determinehowyou
wouldrespondnext
kme/inasimilar
situakon)
4.Review
(yourackons)
•  Consider
•  FromwhosepointofviewamIseeingthe
situakon?
•  HowdoItestmyassumpkons?
•  DoIneedtoaddressanyoftheunderlying
issues?
•  WhatskillsdoIhave?
•  WhatskillsdoIneedtodevelop?
•  Consider
•  (New)strategiesIwillnowimplement?
•  Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyworkprackce?
•  Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyorganisakon?
•  Consider
•  Hastherebeenchange?
•  HowhaveIsharedthelearning?
Likeeverything,ittakespracticetogetusedtoaskingyourselfthesetypesof
questions,especiallywhenyouhavetothinkaboutyourassumptionsand
preconceptions.Itcanbeeasiertoreflectonourworkpracticewhenwecan
sitwithothersandthinkcriticallyaboutit.Thereflectivepracticeframework
describedaboveinfigures1and2isagreattoolthatcanbeusedasan
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individualexerciseorinateamenvironment.Bydevelopingandusing
reflectivepracticeyouwillbeabletobringforwardideastohelpimproveand
enhanceyouownpracticeandthepracticeofothers.Reflectivepracticecan
beausefultoolforsharingindividuallearningandimprovingoverallteam
work-practice.Inthiscontext,reflectivepracticebecomesapowerfultoolfor
buildingindividualandorganisationalculturalcompetence.Formore
informationaboutculturalcompetenceandpersoncentredpracticesee
Workbooks2.3and2.4.
´
Video
Havealookatthevideobelow:
Whatdidyounotice?Whatdidn’tyounotice?Why?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4
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Buildingourself-awarenessisacriticalskillandthefirststepfordeveloping
personcentredpracticeacrosscultures.Itcanbedifficulttodevelopselfawarenessonourown.Asthevideoabove“Testyourawareness”
demonstrates,wedon’tseeourownblindspotsbutwecanbeamirrorfor
otherpeople’sblindspotsastheycanbeforours.
TheJohariWindow:
TheJohariWindowisasimpletoolforlookingatanddevelopingselfawarenessandunderstandingbetweenindividualswithinagroup.Initially
developedbyJosephLuftandHarryInghamitisusedinbothbusinessand
organisationalcontexts.
TheJohariWindowcanbeusedtodocumentinformation;includingfeelings,
experience,views,attitudes,skills,intentions,motivation,withinorabouta
person,orinrelationtotheirgroup.
Itisaveryusefultooltohelpyouidentifyyourblindspotsorthoseofyour
team.Itismosteffectivewhenusedbyteamsthathavealreadyestablished
trustandhaveconfidenceineachother.
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Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice
Thisisviewedfromfourperspectives:
1. Whatisknowntoyouaboutyourselfandalsoknownbyothers(open
area)?
2. Whatisunknownbyyouaboutyourselfbutwhichothersknow
(blindarea)?
3. Whatyouknowaboutyourselfthatothersdonotknow
(hiddenarea)?
4. Whatisunknowntoyouaboutyourselfandisalsounknownbyothers
(unknownarea)?
Fig3:JohariWindow
Thismodelcanbeusedinareflectivepracticesessionwithyourteamto
increaseself-awarenessofindividualsandgroupstomanagingresponseto
change.
Workbook Exercise
WhataresomeofthebenefitsofusingtheJohariModelwithinteams?
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2.6
Using Reflective Practice tools to think critically
about a case study or an area of work practice
Alejandro’sstorywastoldbyacaseworkertohercolleagues.Thecaseworker
wasstuckandwasaskingforassistance.Thisishowshetoldthestory:
Case Study: What can I do differently to
support Alejandro and his family?
Alejandroisa36yearoldmanwithmoderateintellectualdisabilityandbi-polar
disorder.Heliveswithhisparentswhoareintheir70sandinpoorhealth,andhis
youngersister.Hisoldersistermovedoutofthefamilyhomeabout10yearsago.
Alejandrosometimeshassleeplessnightsandcanbequitenoisyduringthese
periodswhichimpactsonfamilymembers.Alejandroregularlyabscondsfrom
homeandwandersthesuburbs.Hehasanobsessionwithtravellingontrainsand
staysoutatallhoursofthenight.Alejandrogetsintotroublewhenhedoesn’tpay
fortrainticketsorcoffee.Healsohasahistoryofbeingpickedupbypolice.
Alejandroisnotmotivatedtoparticipateinmeaningfulactivitiessuchasaday
program,supportedemploymentorrespite.Helikestobeself-directed,resents
beinggivenadvice,andisfrustratedatnotbeingatthesameleveloffunctioning
asotherpeople.
Alejandro’sparentswereborninPeruandspeakSpanish.Theeldestdaughter
wasalsoborninPeru,butbothAlejandroandhisyoungersisterwerebornin
Australia.Alejandro’smotherspeakssomeEnglishandhisfatherhaslittleEnglish
withaverystrongaccentmakinghimdifficulttounderstand.Theparentsseemto
havedifficultyunderstandingthingsanddonotaccessanysupports.
ThereissomeconflictbetweenAlejandro’ssistersandparentsastowhatisinhis
bestinterests.Inthepast,theparentshavedependedontheirdaughtersto
interpretforthembutthisiscausingconflictasthedaughtersandtheparents
havedifferingunderstandingsofAlejandro’scareneeds.Obligationandpride
makeitdifficultfortheparentstoopenlyexpresstheirinabilitytocopewiththeir
son,hardshipofthecaringrole,desireforalternativeaccommodation,reluctance
toacceptassistanceoractivelypursueofferedservices.
Alejandrohadbeenofferedsupportedaccommodationinagrouphomefiveyears
ago.HoweverthiswasunsuccessfulasAlejandrokeptreturninghomeandthe
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Case Study: What can I do differently to
support Alejandro and his family?
parentsdidn’tdiscouragethisbehaviour.Alejandro’smotherisfindingitvery
difficulttoacceptthathersonneedstomoveoutofthefamilyhome.However
sheisfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomeethisneeds.
Workbook Exercise
Imagineyouarethecaseworkerabove.Youhavejustsharedthecasestudy
withyourteam.Thefollowingworksheetwillguideyouthroughtheprocess.
Don’tworryiftherearesomeyoucan’tanswer,butremembertoconsiderall
pointsofviewnotjustthatofthecaseworker.Considerthepointofviewof
Alejandro,hismother,sisters,etc.
Step1.Describe(thesituation)
Whatarethe(underlying)issuesthatthiscasestudyhighlights?
WhatassumptionsamImaking?
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Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice
Step2A.Reflect(onwhathappened)
FromwhosepointofviewamIseeingthesituation?
(Consider:Whatisthepointofviewof…..andhowdoIknow?)
Whatisthepointofviewof:
HowdoIknow?
Alejandro
Hismother/father
Hissisters
Thecaseworker
HowdoItestmyassumptions?
DoIneedtoaddressanyoftheunderlying
issues?
HowwillIgoaboutthis?
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Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice
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Step2B.ReflectingusingtheJohariWindow
Ifyouarehavingdifficultiesidentifyingyourassumptions,theJohariWindow
canbeusedtohelpyouidentifyanyblindspotsandconsiderhowyoumight
takethemintoaccount.Usetheworksheetbelow:
KnowntoSelf
NotKnowntoSelf
Knownto
Others
Open Blind
Hidden Unknown
Not
Knownto
Others
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Reflection
UsetheobservationsfromSteps2A(reflections)and2B(JohariWindow)to
respondtothissection
WhatskillsdoIhave?(Considerskillsyoualreadyhavethatenableyouto
workinapersoncentredwayacrossculture.Thissectionisabout
acknowledgingtheskillsyoualreadyhaveandbuildingfromthatbase)
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WhatskillsdoIneedtodevelop?
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Step3.Implementation
(Thissectiongetsyoutothinkabouthowyoumightdoitdifferentlynexttime.Aswellas
consideringhowyoumightworkwithAlejandroandhisfamilynexttime,alsoconsider
howyoumightdevelopotherskillsorknowledgetoenableyoutocontinuetowork
culturallyresponsivelyandrespectfully)
What(new)strategiesIwillnowimplement?
Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyworkpractice?
Howwillmyworkpracticechangeasaresultofthisreflectiveexercise?
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Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyorganisation?
Willitimpactonpolicy,procedure,orpractice?
Whatlearningcanbeappliedtothewholeorganisation?
Step4.Evaluation
(Youwouldonlycompletethissectionafteryouhavegoneawayandappliedsomeofthe
strategiesidentifiedinStep3above)
Hastherebeenchange?
HowhaveIsharedthelearningwithothers?
HowhaveIsharedthelearningwithmyorganisation?
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3. Conclusion
Thisworkbookgivesyouthetoolsforworkingcollaborativelywithyourteam
todevelopyourculturallyresponsivepersoncentredpractice.Itexplainshow
youcanusereflectivepracticeandcriticalthinkingtobetterunderstandhow
yourworldviewimpactsonandinfluencesyourbehaviourandhelpyousee
theworldfromthepointofviewofthepeopleyousupportandyourcoworkers.Buildingovertimeyourskillsandtheskillsofyourteamforworking
culturallyresponsivelyandrespectfullywithpeoplefromCALDbackgrounds
withdisability.
Reflection
Whataresomeofthetakeawaymessagesfromthisworkbook?Arethere
thingsyoudisagreewith?Wastheresomethingthatsurprisedyou?
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