Unit 9
Global Exploration
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Unit 9 - Global Exploration
Map
Timeline
GLOBAL EXPLORATION
Chinese
Exploration
European
Exploration
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I.
Map
World Exploration
Ottoman
Empire
Spain
Portugal
“New
World”
“West
Indies”
China
Columbus
Zheng He
Magellan
De Gama
“East
Indies”
Magellan
Diaz
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II.
Timeline of Global Exploration
Voyages of
Zheng He
1453 – The
Ottoman Empire
took over the
Byzantine Empire
1420
1415- Prince
Henry ”The
Navigator”
Began a school
for ocean
exploration in
Portugal
1430
1440
1450
1460
1532 – Pizzaro
defeats the Inca
1492 – Christopher
Columbus accidentally
found the “New
World” for Spain
1470
1480
1490
1500
1498 – De Gama
reaches India
from Portugal
1488 – Dias
sailed around
the southern
tip of Africa
1510
1520
1521 – Magellan’s
crew sails around
the world
1521 – Cortez
defeats the Aztecs
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III. Chinese Exploration
Zheng He:
- The great Chinese explorer in the early 1400’s
- Sailed ships to Southeast Asia→India→Arabia→Africa
Results:
- Chinese abandoned further world exploration
- Burned his ships and destroyed all records of his travels
- There was nothing that the Chinese were interested in outside China
IV. European Exploration
Reasons why they began exploration: The 3 G’s:
-
Gold: Find new wealth (trade, resources, land)
-
God: Spread Christianity (missionaries)
-
Glory: Fame for the explorer and power for his nation
New Technologies: allowed Europeans to sail into the open oceans
-
Chinese Origin:
•
•
•
-
Muslim Origin:
•
•
•
-
Compass – used to determine directions
Rudder – used to steer a ship
Gunpowder – used to defeat native peoples
Astrolabe
Astronomical tables
Lateen sail – improved steering and to catch the wind better
European Origin:
•
•
Better maps
Caravel (ship)
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Significant European Explorers
-
Vasco de Gama: 1st to sail around Africa to the Indies
-
Ferdinand Magellan: - His crew were the first to sail around the world
-
Christopher Columbus: Tried to get to the Indies by sailing west
•
Accidentally “discovered” a New World for the Europeans
Imperialism
Imperialism: Powerful nations taking over weaker cultures and totally dominating their way of life
Colonialism: Political relationship between a powerful “Mother Country” and a weaker “colony” (the
colony follows the Mother Country’s rules)
Treaty of Tordesillas An agreement between Spain and Portugal on how to divide control of lands
in the new world. Spain got all of the lands West of the line – Portugal all of the lands East of the line
Triangle Trade
Trading system that used
the colonies to generate
the money for European
traders
Europe
Raw materials &
plantation cash crops
Cheap
trade
products
Slave Trade:
- Using humans as a
trade product
- Africans taken to the
New World to work on
plantations
Middle Passage:
- The part of the trip that
slaves took from
Africa to the New
World
- Many died under
terrible conditions
West Indies
Africa
Slaves on
“Middle Passage”
Treaty of
Tordesillas line
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Case Study: Spanish Imperialism
Where: “New World” – Central and South America (Latin America)
Conquistadors: “Conquerors” Spanish military leaders
- Hernan Cortes: Defeated the Aztecs
- Francisco Pizzaro: Defeated the Incas
Reasons for Spanish Success:
- More advance weapons: gunpowder, horses, armor
- Aztec and Inca enemies often joined the Spanish as allies
- European diseases wiped out many natives
Ecomienda System:
Spanish government → gave Spanish colonists land and the right to use natives as workers
(slaves)
Roman Catholic Church:
Became an important link between the Spanish government and the natives
Mixed Culture:
Natives – Europeans – Africans mixed their cultures to develop
a new “Latin American” culture
Social Classes:
- Based on race – not on wealth
- The more European (white) the more power
•
•
Peninsulares
Peninsulares: People born in Europe
(on the Iberian Peninsula [Spain and Portugal])
Creoles: European parents, born in the
New World
Creole
Mestizos
•
Mestizos: One European parent and
one native American parent
•
Mulattoes: One European parent and
one African parent
Powerful
Mulattoes
Native Americans
Black Americans
Zambo: Native Americans/Africans
Weak
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Columbian Exchange: Named after Columbus (he started it all)
− A global exchange of natural and cultural products
Foods – Animals – Languages – Technology – Ideas
Mercantilism:
− The economic relationship between a “Mother Country” and
its” colony”
− Designed to make money for the
Raw Materials
Mother Country
Mother Country
Finished Products
Colony
V.
Essential Questions
1. How were the goals and accomplishments of the Chinese and European explorers different?
Chinese: Their journeys supported their ethnocentric beliefs
− Chose to stay isolated
Europeans: They tried to improve their situation (lifestyle)
− Europe became the most powerful region in the world
2. What were the negative results of European conquest of Latin America and Africa?
− Natives died
− Their land was taken
− Forced to learn European culture
3. What were the positive aspects of European conquest?
− European technologies were introduced
− European economy got better
− Better understanding of the world
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