TEKA. COMMISSION OF MOTORIZATION AND ENERGETICS IN AGRICULTURE – 2014, Vol. 14, No. 4, 137–142
Vehicle Transport Organization of Food Requiring Refrigeration
Halina Pawlak, Piotr Maksym, Jacek Skwarcz
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Technology Fundamentals
Doświadczalna 44, 20-236 Lublin, Poland
Received December 09.2014; accepted December 19.2014
Summary. 7KHSDSHUSUHVHQWVDGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHOHJDOUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUFDUWUDQVSRUWRIIRRGVWKDWUHTXLUHUHIULJHUDWLRQ:HUH
also carried out a survey among drivers involved in this kind of
transport, in order to assess the knowledge of drivers about the
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Key words: perishable foodstuff, vehicle transport, legislation.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays the demand is rapidly growing for food with
KLJKVHQVRU\TXDOLW\IUHVKDQGULFKLQQXWULHQWV7KLVSKHnomenon is not only the driving force for the development
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transport of refrigerated foods. This progress has resulted
in the possibility of provision of even very distant markets
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More and more often, the transport of food products
has been using methods of preservation of these products
involving the application of the cooling systems. This allows
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The advantage of the method of cooling is a complete
stop or slowing down of microbial growth in both chilled
and frozen foods. Furthermore, foods preserved by this
method retain vitamins and organoleptic characteristics of
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compliance with the principles of transport conditions of
perishable foodstuffs and the selection of proper means
of transport. Special means of transport for perishable
food items are:
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Participation in road transport of perishable goods, as
well as dangerous goods, has been systematically increasing,
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products depends mainly on micro-climatic conditions prevailing in the cargo area. The main parameter is the temperature, which depends on the product being transported. the
variations of the temperature should be kept to the minimum
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During the loading, transport and unloading, the highest
temperature of frozen and deep-frozen foods should not
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Type of food article
Frozen or deep-frozen cream and fruit juice
concentrates
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Frozen butter and other fats
Frozen offal, egg yolks, poultry and game
Frozen meat
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transport
temperature
-20oC
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This temperature may increase, for example in the
evaporator during the defrosting of the means of transport
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Furthermore, the highest temperature anywhere in cargo
during loading, transport and unloading of non-frozen foods
should not exceed the temperatures given in Table 2.
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Type of food article
The required
transport
temperature
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Poultry
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direct human consumption
Industrial milk
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Prepared meat products
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Poultry and rabbits
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3)
With the exception of products in the stabilized state by
salting, smoking, drying or sterilization.
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On the other hand the driver should have the original
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shown in Figure 2
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Moreover, the interior of transport should be clean in EHXVHGIRUVXFK&DUULDJH
order not to lead to the development of miFURRUJDQLVPV%HIRUHORDGLQJLQDFFRUGDQFH
with the principles of good transport, refrigeration compartment of the vehicle should
be cooled to a temperature appropriate for
a given food product.
Carriers must be informed (need to
NQRZDERXWWKHIDFWWKDWWUDQVSRUWRIIURzen, deep-frozen and unfrozen food must be
included as a component of the storage time.
Therefore, the drivers carrying food should
note that transportation of certain articles of
food may be close to the optimum storage
time and therefore often vehicles should be
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Suitable conditions for the transport
of food and sanitary safety, as in force in
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of the “International Carriage of Perishable
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Means of transport intended for the carriage of perishable food products, which
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mounted in a visible location on the wall of
the building isothermal for the passenger
side. The table contains the marking class
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has information about the performing centers (Competent
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periodic checks of insulated body in order to extend the
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For example, in the context of accreditation for the PolLVK&HQWUHIRU$FFUHGLWDWLRQ&2&+SHUIRUPV
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(air-conditioned semi-trailers, refrigerated trailers, reIULJHUDWHGWUXFNVHWFDQGQRWPHFKDQLFDOO\UHIULJHUDWHG
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cooling unit,
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the air temperature inside the vehicle. Waveforms obtained
from the temperature changes registration, depending on the
type of product being transported, must be kept for at least one
year.Monitoring and recording of temperature also applies to
loading of goods, which should be chilled to the optimum storDJHWHPSHUDWXUHWUDQVSRUWUHIULJHUDQW,WLVDOVRLPSRUWDQWWR
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regulations.
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Ta b l e 4 . Information on the used type of isothermal transport
vehicle
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Ta b l e 5 . Information on time, temperature and kind of perishable foodstuff
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temperature during transport
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Ta b l e 6 . Information on vehicle designation, necessary transport documents and general rules of vehicle transport
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The main aim of the study was to examine the drivers’
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frozen and perishable food. The study was conducted among
drivers transporting food in the Lublin region.
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transporting of food should be
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2. Do you know what document is
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The survey was conducted in three service companies
operating in the transport of food.
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information about the respondents (age, years of work in
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$QDQRQ\PRXVTXHVWLRQQDLUHVKHHWZDVSUHSDUHGLQWKH'Hpartment of Technology Fundamentals. The survey included
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WKHDJHVRIWRZKRKDYHEHHQZRUNLQJLQWKHSURfession of driver from 2 to 22 years and have experience
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Please kindly complete a survey, which will be used LQ)LJXUHDQGWKHZRUNH[SHULHQFHLQWKHWUDQVSRUWRI
to check the drivers’ knowledge about the knowledge IRRGLQ)LJXUH
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Twenty of all the tested drivers declared that they always
have the information as to what kind of food is transported
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2YHURIWKHGULYHUVFDQWHOOZKDWWKHUHTXLUHGWHPperature for the transport of food is. Similarly, the drivers
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be properly marked for the transporting of food.
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were met. The problem to which the attention was drawn
by the driver was associated with increases in the time of
XQORDGLQJRIWKHJRRGV7KHFRQVHTXHQFHRIWKDWVLWXDtion may be a raise of the temperature in the vehicle.This
situation is usually caused by the lack of assistance from
another person (assistant driver, handling assistant at the
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due to self-unloading.
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CONCLUSIONS
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conducted surveys have shown that the examined carriers
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deep-frozen and frozen food products.
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Fig. 3. Information about the vehicle kind used:
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