Adapted from the USASF © Study Guide 2010
Purpose:
Helps athlete feel comfortable with support, alignment and air sense.
Level 1 builds the foundation for proper alignment, power, strength and timing. These are the core concepts of tumbling,
stunting and basic cheerleading skills. The motor learning in this level will transfer to every level of competitive
cheerleading. Therefore it is imperative to test and develop Level 1 skills. The tumbling, stunting and basic cheerleading
skills should be acknowledged through each stage of skill development. The natural break that happens between Level 1
and Level 2 is the mastery of power control, timing skills and stable core.
Stunts remain at a prep level for two feet and below prep level for one- foot stunts, or above prep level if connected in a
pyramid.
BUILDING BASICS
Level 1 Stunts introduce the basic Memory of Movement for building skills. These basic skills must be mastered before
moving forward. Climbing and Timing Skills are the focus in Level 1 stunting. The athletes should begin with a firm
demonstration of body positions. Then Climbing Skills, like a Step Up Drill should be introduced, demonstrated, explained
and practiced. A coaching tip in teaching Climbing Skills is to allow all members of the team to perform each role. While
they are learning you will be able to note strengths and weaknesses in each athlete which may suggest good roles for them
in future stunting. For instance if an athlete demonstrates proficiency in the lunge of a Step Up Drill (has a firm and stable
core and can lift the elbow while supporting the Top's leg with little to no movement in the back) this person may be a very
strong Base. Especially in the beginning levels of learning, no role should be assigned based only on size. It should be
taught immediately that the overall control of the body and strength of the individual are components of role assignment, not
size.
Safety Considerations
Following proper progressions is first step in safety. It is important that you are taking all of the possible measures to be sure
your athletes are participating in a safe environment. In Level 1 special attention should be paid to landing and spotters.
Because the stunts are close to the ground, be aware of landings as they may be prone to ankle twists. Soft toe- heel
landings and assistance by the Bases protect the Top. General spots should be used for all stunts attempted for the first
time (at any level). An extra spotter should remain close to the stunt in a place where she can quickly move to catch a fall or
assist a bobble. Spotters in the front of the stunt can be a distraction and hazard to the Top. A good place to spot is at the
back corner, front corner or the side of the skill. Extra spotters should have their hands on or up at all times (Hands-On
Spotting), preparing to assist in catching the Top. At every level an emergency plan should be in place in case of an
accident.
The Body While Stunting
When learning Level 1 skills, intense attention should be paid to the alignment of the athlete's body. Back alignment should
be straight and supported by the squeezing of the abdomen and shoulders with the chest up. In Climbing Skills all athletes
should have straight backs and strong engaged core muscles, at all times. In Timing Skills the upright and stable core will
support the power generated. The legs are a crucial component to success in stunting. In Climbing Skills the strength and
stability of the leg muscles are challenged. In Timing Skills, the majority of the power should explode from and be absorbed
by the legs. Through all skills attention should also be paid to the knee-over-ankle alignment (or nose over knees over toes
for skills where the top person is in a bent position like a squish).
Hollow Body Position for Stunting
The hollow body position is one of the most important fundamentals to learn when beginning stunts. Understanding the
proper hollow body hold allows the Top person to perform solid static skills by aligning their center of gravity and allowing
the body to act as one solid object which allows the bases to properly balance the skill. It also aligns their body for optimum
twisting potential later on in the levels.
The hollow body position for stunting is a little different than the hollow body position in tumbling. In a standing position, the
top person should engage the stomach muscles by pulling them in and focusing on the Oblique muscle (side stomach
muscles), drawing them towards the center. This should make a “hollow” through the stomach region. The chest should be
upright (not hunched forward). The shoulders should be down, pulled tight in towards the body and rounded slightly forward
(if they are down and pulled in tight the rounding should automatically happen; the “rounded forward” part should not be the
emphasis when doing the hollow body). They should NOT be shrugged up towards the ears. The buttocks muscles should
squeeze together (pinch a penny) AND tuck under, rotating the hips up & forward (which diminishes the arch in the lower
back) while engaging the upper and inner thigh muscles. The emphasis for the correct hollow position should be the
position and engagement of the stomach, buttocks and thighs.
This position will be the same whether doing double or single leg skills and should be practiced frequently and re-visited
throughout all Levels of skills.
Base(s)
In basic stunts the Bases learn to stabilize weight while using their legs for force and strength. It is important at this level
that the Bases train their body to keep an upright back when loading and holding skills (Memory of Movement). After
creating a stable stance and an engaged core (back upright with proper amount of tension) in the Climbing Skills, Bases
learn to coordinate the communication and synchronization, in Timing Skills. This is vital for stunt group success. When
proper alignment and timing has been mastered, good catching techniques that involve a follow-through extension and high
catch with arms up and legs bending to absorb, should be taught. Before cradling, the bend and extension (1, 2, down, up)
should be immaculately timed.
Top
The Top starts to learn body awareness while helping the Bases with her arms and core. It is important, as the Top begins
the step up skill that she jumps and pulls up with her chest, torso and shoulders (without shrugging) to make her upward
momentum easy and weightless. While standing, the Top becomes aware of her hip placement and body alignment (hollow
body) in the air. Body positions, such as liberty and arabesque, should be practiced at the Step Up Drill or thigh level to
develop air sense. Positions must be mastered on the ground before attempted at thigh level. When the Climbing Skills
have been mastered, Timing Skills will teach the Top power and coordination with the Bases to get the maximum lift. Just
as in the Climbing Skills, the Top should lift hard and fast with her torso and keep a hollow body position which will teach
the weightless upward momentum. Once in the air, the top should have a narrow stance, even hips and aligned torso in the
hollow body position.
Back
The Back Base or Back Spot is acquiring her own lifting power as well as taking responsibility for the Top's head and neck.
It is vital that the Spot understands protecting the head and neck and learns that the torso needs to be visible at all times in
both Climbing and Timing Skills. The Back Base will also learn that in Timing Skills s/he has a large amount of control of the
timing and strength of the group by lifting hard and keeping the Bases at the same level. The Spotter that is not an assisting
member of the stunt group is called the General Spotter. All stunts should have a general spotter before the skill is
mastered. All general spotters should be "hands-on" until the stunt is learned. Hands-on means the Spot is touching the
stunt and ready to assist the Top safely to the ground if necessary.
Spotting Drills – The Building Blocks of Stunting
The best teams in the world will tell you to work from the basics up. Although most people will begin with the most basic
stunts when first starting a new team, or a new year with an old team, you should go back even further than that, at the first
building block of stunting…spotting. Any competitive team that has great stunts has great spotting skills. You really can’t
have one without the other. Having great spotting skills allows you to progress through stunting levels much quicker
because the group has confidence in each other and there will be fewer injuries. Once each individual is comfortable in the
spotting abilities of their group, they can stop worrying about falling and catching, and start focusing on the skill that they are
trying.
Spotting should be taught and practiced, just like any other skill. Practicing spotting is the only way to be good at it. When
falls happen, you have to react quickly, if you do not have much experience, your choice of catching techniques (or falling
techniques) could cause more harm than good. Being able to choose the right course of action very quickly is the key. The
only way to make your responses quicker, and more accurate, is with practice.
In these drills, we say “top” or “base” in the explanations. This is only intended to make the explanations read easier. Bases
should learn some of what it feels like to be a top (if possible), and tops should definitely learn how to spot.
NOTE: In all of these drills, make sure you use mats. When we say “floor”, we mean the MAT on the floor. Before
stunting or doing drills, be sure there is no jewelry, watches, gum candy or very loose clothing.
Spotting Drill #1: Stiff as a Board, Light as a Feather
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Next try the drill with the Top being loose and “floppy”. The Top feels much heavier and is harder to control.
What’s Happening?
Each part of your body has its own Center of Gravity – the point where it is heaviest. Think of balancing a pencil lying flat on
your finger. If your finger is not in the correct spot, it will tip. When the pencil balances flat, you are probably holding it at its
center of gravity. Each part of your body (arms, legs, head, etc) has its own center of gravity. These centers of gravity
change as you move. For example: The center of gravity of your arm will change if you bend or straighten it.
Your body as a whole has its own center of gravity. When you determine the center of gravity for the whole (body), you
have to take into consideration the centers of gravity of each of its parts (arms, legs, head, etc). When the top is tight, there
will only be one center of gravity for the whole body, which is much easier to control. When they are loose, each of the parts
pulls and shifts the center of gravity causing it to be unstable. This is an importance concept for everyone to understand for
spotting and stunting skills.
Spotting Drill #2: Tick Tock
This drill is mainly for tops to build their confidence in their bases, and again, to learn the
importance of staying tight. The bases will also get a good feel for weight coming at them before
complicating matters by having the Top fall from greater heights. They will also realize that
when the top is in motion towards them, the top feels a little heavier than when the top is
stationary and the importance of using the legs (strongest big muscles in your body) when
catching.
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COACHING TIP: The purpose of the drill is to build trust and prevent injuries. Be aware that some team members can be
quite competitive with each other and want to “test” the bases on the other side of the circle. Reiterate that they are to push
to center only and that the Top will decide which way they want to lean next.
Spotting Drill #3: The Bear Hug
The bear hug is a type of catch. It works best when the top is falling straight down.
It’s best to first try this catch on the ground to make sure that everyone has the proper grip. Try with two Bases per Top first.
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MORE DRILLS:
1) Next, get the Top to jump from floor level. The object is for the Bases to prevent the Top’s feet from touching the floor.
Both Bases should move in and hug tight. The Top has to make sure that they stay tight and keep their elbows up during
the catch.
2) When the group is consistent and comfortable with this, try it from an elevated height, like a stage, stacked mats, etc.
The Top should stand at the front edge. Bases should stand below the Top on the floor with arms up ready to catch. The
Top, with arms in a touch down, takes a small hop with both feet at the same time off of the platform. The Bases should hug
the Top tight and try to prevent the Top’s feet from touching the floor.
COACHING TIPS: The Bases should reach up high to start catching the Top in the bear hug position as high in the air as
possible, but above the knee level of the Top. Catching below knee level will cause the Top to buckle.
Common Problems:
1) The Bases usually start off too far away from the Top which does not give them enough time to get in close enough
to hug tightly before the feet hit the floor.
2) The Top’s feet slide down the Base’s legs, causing a feeling of “road rash”. Each Base should keep their legs
separated about shoulder width apart. This will also give each catcher a good base of support.
Drill #4: The Cradle Catch Dismount
After practicing the proper cradle catch grip have the bases bounce the Top up and down in the cradle catch to get use to
the weight. Then try getting the Top to lean backwards from floor level into a cradle catch and hop from the ground into the
catch. Once those have been mastered, practice cradling from a static elevated position by using one of two methods:
1. Use a cradle drill from a Single Base Shoulder Stand. Have two bases and the Spotter (scoop) stand behind a shoulder
stand. The Top looks back first, and then falls back in an "open pike position with the arms in a "T" or “Low V” motion.
Bases & Spotter should catch high and cushion the landing with legs, not back. Top should remain rigid and wrap their
arms around the Bases' shoulders when landing.
2. Practice the same drill using the bleachers or a sturdy platform at increasing heights until you have mastered the cradle
from the level you will be cradling from. Once the cradle is mastered, it can be used as the dismount from a prep.
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NOTE: Sweep cradles are not advisable. The bases hands are not in a proper position to catch high as the Top is coming down.
COACHING TIP: Top person stands by lifting with the chest and shoulders rather than pushing through the legs and
narrows stance by pulling feet together. Bases keep backs straight. During the catch the Top should engage the core
enough that the force of the catch does not make the athlete bend at the waist. Practice technique without the top person to
get timing correct before attempting with a Top by getting back spotter to put hands in the bases hands apply pressure
while counting the skill.
Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsU2bGBvCwA&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4-2cXSiBA4&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOA7bTWx7Mk&list=PLCAA94FD8588A670F
http://www.varsity.com/event/1266/skills-drills-stunt-basics
Common Catch Problems:
1) The Top is being pulled backwards. This is a common problem in the beginning as Back Spots are a little leery to get
in close. They stand a little too far away and reach forward to catch. When the impact occurs, they pull the Top
back to them. As a result, the Bases do not get a good grip on the Top, the Top cannot catch themselves, and the
Back Spotter gets a lot of the weight. This is usually detectable by watching the Top or the Back Spotter. If the Top
is piking, but then seems to flatten out in the catch, missing the Base’s shoulders; this is a good clue. If the Back
Spot is standing far from the Bases and reaching forward before the catch; this is also a good clue. Check how
deep the Back Spotter’s catch is. If they are catching under the Top’s armpits with only wrists or hands, this is
probably the problem. They must catch up to the elbow to ensure a good solid catch. Also make sure that the Back
Spot is pulling wrists apart (so as not to punch the Top in the face) but not elbows as this could cause the Top to
pull away from the Bases and lay flatter (making for a more difficult catch).
2) Bases not close enough. Detectable by a) distance between bases before catch, b) each Base only catching one leg,
c) Top slipping through catch or having a hard time reaching shoulders of Bases, or d) Bases hitting faces. When
Bases catch the weight too far in front of them, it causes them to lean forward, catching with the back instead of the
legs, and hitting faces in the middle. Both Bases must catch both legs of the Top, reaching across to the other side
of the top’s body, and getting in close under the Top so that they can catch with their legs.
3) Top and Back Spot are hitting heads. This usually happens because the top is looking up, trying to see the catchers
behind them while they are falling backwards. The Top’s head should be in a neutral position when falling and they
should look straight ahead at their toes during the catch.
4) The Top is slipping through the catch. If the Bases are catching close enough together, this can be caused mainly by
two other reasons. A) The Top does not have a strong enough “T” arm position causing the top to slip through the
Back Spot’s arms, or B) The Top is very flexible and is over piking (bending too much at the waist) during the catch.
The Top should be piked with the head and feet at equal height, but the Top must resist the force of the Bases
catch.
5) The catch is very hard because the Top is sitting straight up or lying too flat. When cradling, some Tops are
uncomfortable leaning their upper body backwards at all so they sit back off of the stage with their butt first and
chest leaning forward. Or, when cradling, they bring their legs up, but do not lean back. Both scenarios cause the
Top to be in an “L” position (side view) when caught rather then the stretched out “V” position. The Top must
practice laying back flat and then piking by bringing their feet up and leaving their chest where it was (i.e. do not
bring it forward), right before the catch. If the Top is lying too flat, they are either forgetting to pike, trying to pike too
late, or not bending enough at the waist. This may also be caused by looking up when falling backwards.
NOTE: At higher levels, particularly in twisting skills, it is acceptable for the Top person to not open their arms for the catch
and the Back Spot to stand slightly to the side when catching the head and shoulder area. The body position of the Top will
be less piked (more of a hollow) than a regular cradle to provide more surface area for the catch and prevent the top from
slipping through. Cradles should always first be taught with the Top catching themselves and the Back Spot scooping under
the arms.
Drill #5: Side Catch with Two Catchers
As with all of the spotting drills, it is best to try the catch on the ground to make sure that you have the correct grips before
trying the catch from an elevated position. This drill should not be attempted until the other 4 drills have been mastered.
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NOTE: In a “real life” fall (don’t try this as a drill) if there is only one catcher they should focus on the upper torso (chest to
shoulder region) regardless which way they are facing the Top.
Four Corner Spotting
The drills below will be done from a Prep/Double Base (explained later in this section) that has two
Bases, one Back Spot, and one Top. We will also incorporate 4 separate spotters that will spot in
each corner for each one of these drills:
Spotter
Spotter
Back Spot
Base Top Base
Spotter
Spotter
Any new skill (at any level) should be taught using Four Corner Spotting. It is important for each
spotter to know which areas they are responsible for. For example, the spotter in the lower left hand corner would be
responsible to catch if the top fell towards them or anywhere between themselves and the spotter in the lower right hand or
between themselves and the spotter in the upper left hand corner. Each spotter has a 90 degree radius that they must catch
in. This means that the top should always be caught by at least two people. The spotters must be quick and smart.
Generally the strongest spotters should be in the back two corners since the Top cannot catch or brace themselves at all
when falling in that direction.
Many teams use this method of spotting:
Spotter
Back Spot
Spotter Base Top Base Spotter
Spotter
This is also a fairly good spotting model with each person having a 90 degree radius but:
1) The spotter in the front should not stand directly in front of the top because the top will learn to reach forward,
breaking the tight hollow position which makes it difficult for the bases to slow the fall. It is difficult for a spotter in
front to catch in a sufficient bear hug position when directly in front. NOTE: This is for a separate spotter who is
NOT involved in the skill. If the front spotter is “Hands On” and part of the skill they can be directly in front.
2) The spotter in the back is redundant since the back spotter will move back and scoop catch if the top falls backwards.
3) The bases will be able to control the fall much more and be able to catch pretty sufficiently if the top falls directly to
the side. Therefore the side spotters are not very useful in that position.
4) If the top is falling on a diagonal, in any direction, these are the falls that bases find most difficult to control, slow
down, and catch. The spotters, because they are not in the diagonal positions, will have to move to get there to
catch. If the bases have a hard time slowing down and controlling the fall, the spotters may not get there in time.
Therefore, the first model of spotting (four corner spotting) is recommended. Spotters must pay attention at all times to the
top and have arms up and ready to catch. They must be close to the stunt and be ready to move very quickly if they need
to.
Video: http://video.about.com/cheerleading/Safety-Tips-for-Stunting.htm
Advanced Level Spotting Drills
The following drills are for stunt groups that have mastered all of the drills above and have already started lower level
stunting. These drills are particularly good for teams that have started a new year and have recruited a few new
cheerleaders. It is best to match up new Tops with experienced Bases and a new Base in a group with an experienced Top.
These drills are not recommended for teams that are new to stunting until they have mastered the prep and all of the
previous spotting drills.
Spotting Drill #6: Group Self Spotting
The goal of the stunt group (besides mastery of the skill) is to be able to spot the stunt group themselves, without the need
for additional spotters. While using Four Corner Spotting, the Bases and Back Spot should practice slowing down the fall
and catching the Top themselves by moving under the Top’s hips and lowering/dropping the feet to the center of the skill.
They should focus on protecting the head/back/neck area by catching the Top high in the air and above the waist, keeping
the Top as upright as possible. Group Self Spotting is essential before removing extra spotters or progressing to harder
skills.
Spotting Drill #7: Surprise Falling
This drill is great for groups to practice spotting techniques. The Top in prep should lean and fall, in any direction, without
letting the group or spotters know the direction of the fall beforehand. Everyone must be alert and attentive at all times. In all
of the other drills, it was easy to catch because everyone knew the direction of the fall. This drill is much more like real life
since the spotters have to be ready for anything. The Bases and Back Spot should not just let the spotters catch the fall.
They must practice Self Spotting to slow down and catch the stunt themselves since eventually they will not have spotters
all around them. The Top should practice staying tight, putting arm in a T or low V behind them if falling backwards or a
touch down if falling any other way. If they cannot hold a tight hollow body position in a touch down, they can put arms down
at sides but must realize that their arms may be trapped by catchers.
Two Corner Spotting & Single Spotter
Once you have mastered all of the spotting drills you will now start putting them into practice during everyday stunts. Once
you have practiced a stunt to almost the point of mastery and the group is consistently Self Spotting you will no longer need
four spotters. Instead of just forgetting about spotters all together, you should gradually practice with fewer. When there are
only two spotters, they should spot in opposite corners, one in the back and one in the front:
Spotter
Back Spot
Base Top Base
Spotter
This is best method IF both of your spotters are right handed. This means that if the Top is falling forward, the spotter in the
front will be catching the Top across the chest with their strongest arm (right). If the Top is falling backwards, the spotter in
the back will be catching the top part of the Top’s body with their right hand as well. If a spotter is left handed, they should
switch sides so that they are catching the bulk of the weight with the strongest arm.
When you are ready for only one spotter they should be in front. The Back Spot in the stunt can move around and catch if
the top falls backwards. This will depend on the stunt that you are trying and the people that you are trying it with. If a
certain group has the tendency to always fall a certain way, then put your spotter(s) in a position to catch easily. If not, then
they should probably go here:
Back Spot
Base Top Base
Spotter
This way the Back Spot can take care of things in the back arc and the spotter in front can take care of things in the front
arc. The Bases will Self Spot as well.
“Real Life” Falls
When falls happen, you may not be in the best position to catch the “optimal way”, and during real life falls, you do not
usually have a lot of time to adjust your position to catch the best way. It is important to note that if the top is falling in any
direction, the most important thing is to protect the Head/Back/Neck area by getting in under and catching. Using the tips in
all of the drills will help you determine what is important when catching in each direction. Of course there will be other
factors that may determine how you will catch; maybe the top is falling on a diagonal, rotating, curled up in a ball, coming
down head first, etc. There is no way to determine the best way to catch every single fall since there are so many variables
that come into play. Practicing these drills will help the entire team be more confident in catching and falling, and will help
them determine the best course of action faster when falls do occur; making practice a much safer environment and helping
your team progress through stunts quicker.
COACHING TIP: Teach the word "down". If the stunt doesn't feel 'right' any member of the group should be able to quickly
say "down" and the group will lower the stunt down to the center or release and catch.
Link: http://www.oakharborcheer.com/Focusing%20On%20Safety.html
Body Positions
Lunge:
1.
Knee over foot.
2.
Back leg straight.
3.
Shoulders and hips facing front or slightly to the front corner. Focus should be on making a
nice “pocket” at a 45 - 90 degree angle at the thigh for the top to stand in.
Once the Top steps up, the base will wrap back arm around the leg. Their elbow should be below the
knee (calf level) and hand above the knee; hugging towards their shoulder to lock the top in place.
The front arm will hold the under the ball of the foot/toe area to help balance the foot.
Prep Load:
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Dip through legs. More information on this skill below.
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Step-Up Drill
(Thigh Stand - Climbling Skill)
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COACHING TIP: Make sure the top person jumps hard off the ground and pushes through hands off shoulders so that the
leg is locked and the weight is over the Base's leg before much pressure is applied.
Video Links:
Double Base Thigh Stand: http://www.ehow.co.uk/video_2359809_moves-thigh-stands-cheer-stunting.html
Single Base Braced Thigh Stand: http://youtu.be/nsEwAItMFw8
Load to Prep (Double Base/Elevator - Timing Skill)
Hang Drill
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Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEr5A6X9j3U&feature=player_embedded
http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-do-an-elevator-stunt-in-cheerleading
http://www.ehow.co.uk/video_2359813_cheer-stunting-techniques-prep-cradle.html
Step-Off Dismount
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This study guide explains only the essential building block/most popular skills for each level. There are many more basic
stunts. For example, shoulder sit, shoulder stand, thigh and prep level hitch, straddle sit, chair, flat back, etc.
Purpose:
Gives students success in fundamental skills
With athlete's demonstration of control of power and good alignment in the basics, Level 2 elevates the height of skills and
difficulty in transitions. As an athlete progresses to escalated heights, air sense and transitional stamina are essential factors
in his/her movement. The natural progression in stunting is one leg stunts at prep or shoulder level before extended one leg
stunts and 1/2 twist before complete twisting transitions. Tosses are also learned in Level 2. This is a very important part of
the athlete' learning and experience and must be taught with understanding of safety considerations.
BUILDING
The stunt skills in Level 2 extend with two feet, and stabilize at prep level with one foot. Level 2 Pyramids add more
difficulty, allowing braced one foot extended stunts. The role of the Brace becomes an important addition to Level 2. The
Braces hold hand or arm in non-releasing transitions, so the Top's air sense and flexibility need to heighten. Not only are
the stunts balancing on one foot but Timing Skills are becoming more dominant. Memory of Movement in Climbing Skills will
support the progression to quick transitions. Timing Skills learned in basic skills are vital components to Level 2 Stunt
transitions as the first release move and twist is allowed (a log roll) teaching athletes the basic concepts of twisting.
Bases
The Bases are able to use their power to extend above their head, learning how to hold a hollow body (with active core)
while supporting the weight of the Top. Timing between the Bases is essential to success at this elevated level. Once past
prep level it is important for the bases to fully extend their arms, come close together to support the weight and bend legs
for absorption. Bases should also learn that when performing a skill from a load to full extension, the arms should extend
first with the legs following for stabilization. Stunt transitions that include pushing more though one arm than the other and
1/2 twisting transitions are new concepts, but with proper timing technique these can be mastered with practice.
Top
Having mastered the power of pulling the core upright, and the timing of "1 2 down up", in the Basic Timing Skills, Level 2
stunts bring balance changes to the top person. In all building skills the key for the Top to climb lightly is the use of the arms
and core to place her feet and stand up fast (with the momentum of the group). At prep level, one-legged stunts teach the
Top to remain hollow with hips properly aligned. Body positions should be mastered on the ground, thigh and then prep
level. Transitional stunts such as 1/2 turns and 1/4 turn cradles teach the Top how to use her core to turn herself in the air.
It is important that the Top becomes aware of her center and the connection/communication to her Bases at this level.
Back Spot
The Back is now in a position to extend his/her arms overhead to protect and lift the Top. It is important that s/he be able to
comfortably reach the Top and see the head and shoulders. The view and control of the Back is often a contributing factor
to the success of the stunt. The Back will start to learn how much power and strength they can use while maintaining control
of the stunt and ability to protect of the head and neck.
The Body While Stunting
The significance of back alignment is even greater when extending a stunt overhead. In all stunts the base's shoulders
should be directly over the hips to protect the lower back and prevent strain. The proper alignment happens when the body
is hollow. To accomplish this, the athlete should push the tailbone downward by curling the hips slightly upward (be careful
of tucking the tailbone too far forward) engage the stomach muscles and pull shoulder blades down.
Twisting transitions and changing or movement of stunts requires back alignment to be straight from the shoulders to the
hips in the hollow body position. The use of hips, core and shoulders together help the athlete spin fast, remain connected
and transition with ease. For Bases legs are a larger contributing force in Level 2 stunts as the learner begins to associate
the strength and power in the leg bend and extension. Legs should be used at the base of each stunt to generate power for
the lift.
Safety Considerations
When separate stunts start to extend it is crucial that extra spotters are trained in lifting their arms over their head and being
ready to assist a stunt if it is coming down. “Hands on” spotting is still important part of learning. When a skill is in the
Repeat or Shaping Phase of learning, spotters with their hands on the stunt can assist in direction and are ready to catch if
something happens. It is very important that an appropriate surface is considered when learning baskets. Basketball Courts
and concrete are in no way appropriate for basket tosses. Mats are essential. The responsibility of the coach is to: establish
a learning environment where the students make safety and skill mastery a priority, know the limitations of themselves and
their team and provide support for open communication. An emergency plan should always be rehearsed and in place in
case of an accident.
Press Extension from Prep
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COACHING TIP: Top tightens hips and thighs and keeps legs locked and head up. Bases use smooth dip and keep eyes
on the top person.
Videos: Second Skill:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cheerleading+press+extension&view=detail&mid=D44DB6732C7EA0DF84E9D44DB
6732C7EA0DF84E9&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
Load to Extension (Straight Up Extension)
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COACHING TIP: Top tightens hips and thigh and keeps legs locked and head up. Bases use smooth dip and keep eyes on
the top person. Spot can help on this by coming in on the ankles to help lift when in the load position. DO NOT let them do
this until the Top learns to keep weight in their arms and not drop hips onto their ankles in the load position/squish.
Video:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cradle+from+extension&view=detail&mid=6D4490C65445BF280CD86D4490C65445
BF280CD8&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
Cradle from Extension
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COACHING TIP: Timing is very important between all involved to maximize the power the Top gets
from the pop. The Top should “ride the pop” and not sit while the bases are dipping. Bases cannot
bend arms, they must use legs and shrug through their shoulders.
Video:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cradle+from+extension&view=detail&mid=6D4490C65445BF280CD86D4490C65445
BF280CD8&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=How+to+do+a+twist+cradle+cheer&view=detail&mid=5EF4E9C6F12B9FEEB6F35E
F4E9C6F12B9FEEB6F3&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
One Foot “Walk In” Technique (Ground Up)
Liberty (at prep level)
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in their arms and should lift the chest and lock leg as the stunt goes up, getting to the hollow body
position as soon as possible. All three bases involved need to have good timing off the ground so
that all their power works together to get the Top off the ground (and eventually extended in
higher levels). Bases need to keep shoulders tight and resist weight of Top so that they don't sink
down between the two bases. Spot needs to drive up through the hip to get the hips above the
knee of the Top while remembering that their first responsibility is to protect the head and shoulders of the Top.
Video: http://www.ehow.co.uk/video_2359814_cheerleading-moves-from-prep-position.html
Hand Stand to Shoulder Sit
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COACHING TIP: Be sure the base is low enough for the Top to get the back of the knees onto the shoulders. Watch for the
timing of the two participants as they initiate the movement into the stunt. Their timing must be together so the Top is up
and over the Base before the Base finishes standing up.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2YO-qtzA5g
Cradle Reload to Prep (Double Take, Retake)
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the cradle position. Top person needs to lift up and get their hands back onto the shoulders of the bases ASAP. They also
need to pull their legs through in a smooth manner so that the bases are able to spot the feet. Spot should help lift the
shoulders of the top off of the shoulders of the bases.
*Stunt group can also reload to the one foot walk in load position.
Video: Not the best technique video but it gives and idea:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cradle+from+prep+reload+explanation+with+stunt&view=detail&mid=63C4683E3F25
961D4AC963C4683E3F25961D4AC9&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
Prep to Smoosh/Squish/Load/Sponge to Prep (also sometimes
called Retake).
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close together and centered between the two bases. Top needs to keep feet in underneath the trunk of their body (Nose
over knees over toes) and get their hands onto the shoulders of the bases as quickly as possible. Top needs to prevent legs
from collapsing causing the buttocks to sink too low. Spot needs to be aware of the top person sitting back into them during
the transition and give resistance.
*Stunt group can also squish down to the one foot walk in load position. Bases need to give good resistance to the bent leg
to slow the descent and lessen the impact of the straight leg going to the floor. Back Spot can re-grab in the Walk in Load
position (hand under seat) on the way down to slow the descent.
Videos:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Prep+sponge+prep&view=detail&mid=735BA62C431D1B5E6C5B735BA62C431D1
B5E6C5B&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=retake+to+prep&view=detail&mid=DCA401B2A76B2406D3CFDCA401B2A76B2406
D3CF&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
½ Twisting Load
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during loading process. You can practice this by using just the shoes of the top person until the bases are comfortable with
the grip and which part of the foot they grab.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uk5uvGzBXcw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YLvnxFNKK4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=exlRKMfVcTM
Power Press Extended Lib with Brace (in a pyramid)
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light as possible going up for the main Bases.
*This skill can also be done from a two leg prep. The secondary base will release the liberty leg and assume the liberty grip
on the support leg (explained earlier in prep level liberty) on the way up, stepping in close to the other base (chest to chest)
so both bases are under the stunt. The Top will pull to center (not throw their body over the support leg).
Basket Tosses
Tosses, like partner stunts and tumbling, should be taught in
a progressive format to aid the performers in mastering the
skills needed. Tosses are an area of cheerleading that truly
continues to grow and advance. It tends to receive more
national attention than other areas because of the height of
the stunt. When used and perform correctly, a toss can be
an incredible tool to get the judges attention and ignite a
response from the audience. Tosses need to be looked at
seriously and cautiously by cheerleaders and coaches. The
athlete must fully understand the skill and be attentive to
learning and all times. They require many progressions and
should only be performed in a safe environment by trained,
attentive athletes and supervised by a properly trained coach. As each progression is discussed, be mindful of the fact that
safety is, as always, a high priority.
Bases: Stance & Grip
The Bases' stance is important when learning how to throw a basket toss. They
should stand with their legs approximately shoulder width apart. They will dip down
with their knees facing forward. Bases must keep their backs upright, as bending
over puts too much strain on the back. Bases also need to keep their knees facing
forward (turning the knees out limits the height). The Bases' grip consists of both
Bases taking their right hand and grabbing their own left wrist. Then (while facing
the other base) reach forward and grab the other base's right wrist. This creates an
interlocked 'basket' for the top to eventually stand on. If more comfortable, the base
may switch left and right in the above grip description.
Tossing Basics: Drills
Drill #1: Extension Cradle
Before even attempting to throw basket tosses, one must evaluate the current skill level of the team. Due to the increased
safety concerns with basket tosses, certain standards must be set. First and foremost, a cheerleading squad must be able
to safely execute an extension with a high pop cradle. Being able to properly catch the Top is crucial to the safety of a
basket toss. Since the height of a basket tends to be significantly higher than an extension with a pop cradle, the
progression makes perfect sense
Drill #2: Timing Drill
The timing drill is the first in getting ready for a basket. Its main objective is to get the Bases used to tossing, using the
unique interlocking grip.
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The bases should use this drill to develop timing together and to get use to
throwing through the top of the skill
Drill #3: Load-In Drill “Hang Drill”
The objective is to test the top person's strength in controlling their own body weight and to test that they keep their weight
in their arms and not in their feet (they need to keep most of their weight off of the bases hands)
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hold themselves in the proper position.
Drill #4: Trophy Drill
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Straight Ride Basket Toss
Before attempting any specific skill in a basket toss, participants need to
throw straight ride baskets to practice timing, setting height and getting the
Top comfortable with being thrown in the air. Many times, when teams are
having problems with some of their more advanced tosses, the problems
can be traced back to the basics of a proper basket. At every practice the
basket toss group should start out with straight ride baskets to warm up.
Also, as you get into more difficult basket you should occasionally go back
and throw a straight ride basket to ensure proper technique and form are
being used. A good rule of thumb would be to use a couple of straight ride
basket tosses as a warm up when preparing to toss more advance skills. In
Level 2, ONLY STRAIGHT RIDE BASKETS ARE PERMITTED.
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COACHING TIP: You want to be sure the Top is not bending in the basket as the bases are dipping to prepare to throw.
Also be sure the Top is able to keep their weight in their arms so that it stays off the basket. The Bases should try to jump
and flick their wrists at the last second to increase the height of the toss (once the skill is consistent).
Video: Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BAI7X6NAQw
Purpose:
Builds skills for success through guided practice
After mastering extension, power and body awareness in Level 2, Level 3 stunts introduce transitions such as twisting,
releasing and inverting. To begin these skills it is important to have mastery of Basic Skills and Level 2. After executing with
proper back alignment and learning hip control and awareness the stunt group is ready to extend single leg stunts (free
standing). A Level 3 cheerleader should be confident performing skills on mats, competition spring floors, and other
acceptable performance related surfaces.
BUILDING
The stunting in Level 3 demands a higher level of fitness and attention to timing than the Basics and Level 2. It is very
important that the athletes be physically prepared for the stunts, with sport specific conditioning and repetition in timing
skills. As one foot skills and twisting dismounts are a proficiency requirement the center of gravity and center of the stunt
are important considerations. The Bases should have mastered timing and communication. This cooperation keeps all
stunts in a close hollow center so the Top is confident pulling her core in and standing center. This is a good time to learn
teamwork: through timing and the sharing of the weight. To test the cooperation and center focus, a stunt group might do 10
extension/cupies in a row with retakes connecting them. Challenging each other to stay in the same spot will train the
athletes on how to feel for center and what tendencies they may have and may need to work on.
The Body While Stunting
The core stability learned in the Basics and Level 2 are crucial in Level 3. In each transitions, release or twist it is important
that the Top stays tight and hollow, and that the Base's back alignment remains upright. There are three key reasons for
this straight body requirement. The first reason being prevention of strain on the lower back, the second is the stability and
strength one gets when engaging core muscles. But the most visible benefit these is that an upright back generate more
power from the legs (Bases). In all the transitions the bases legs give the most control and power to the stunt. Absorption
and explosion concepts are equally important in the upper level stunting.
Safety Considerations
As skill and the height of stunting escalate, the general spotters and hands-on spotters need to understand the important
responsibility/role they have. The general spotters should understand the skill before spotting twist cradles, moving bases
and release moves. Twist cradles can be tricky; if the Top does not properly ride the release, s/he may twist out of the
center axis and over the shoulders of the Bases. Having a spot in the side and corner where the Top is twisting is important,
but they must not get in the way of the bases. It is their primary job to follow and protect the Top, so spotters must be ready
and able to move quickly throughout stunt transitions. Therefore general spotters must be even more attentive to not just
the Top but the Bases as well.
In intricate transitions any stunt that moves on purpose should be reviewed ahead of time. In tosses or pyramids when the
Top is released, general spotters should be prepared to assist the catch without getting in the way at all of the catchers.
Although athletes with increasing ability perform these upper level stunts it is still important to have spotters available when
attempting a skill for the first time as a stunt group until the group can consistently self spot the skill and the skill is working
most of the time. In every level an emergency place should be in place in case of an accident.
Bases
Base's strength, and ability to observe the Top while in motion, is very important in Level 3. The alignment mastered in twolegged extended stunts is crucial for both Bases to now be underneath one foot. With one-legged stunts Bases either share
the weight between the two bases or place the weight properly centered over one. In either situation the shoulders should
align over the hips with the core stomach muscles engaged. It is at this point that the Bases separate roles to a Main and
Second Base. The main base has both hands under one foot and must focus on keeping the elbows close together and the
body stretched (some technique require a hollow body vs. a straight: but the hands should never extend behind the head
and the back should never be arched). The Second will rely on one arm and the strength through one side (usually right) of
the body.
The Second will control front to back movement while supporting, if needed, the Main with the other hand. The use of both
Bases legs, learned in the Basics and Level 2 Timing skills, will increase in Level 3. The proper bend and extension along
with timing will assist in transitions and twisting. While twisting, it is the fast upward momentum that will allow for the top to
initiate the twist. Vision of the Top's center and a control of weight will help Bases in all transitions.
Top
Extended one-legged stunts require the stability and confidence in Body Positions learned in Level 2. One-legged stunts are
free standing and extended in this level, which requires a great deal of commitment by the Top. While extended, the Top's
eyes should be focused on an object even or higher than the Top; this will assist in steadying the center balance. It is very
important that the top does not look down; this lowers the chin and shoulders which pulls the center of gravity downward. In
extended one foot stunts the foot of the standing (supporting) leg should be directly underneath the center (the belly button)
of the Top, drawn out on paper you would see triangle with points at the hips and foot. This "centering" is also important in
twisting transitions. The Hollow body position will be put to the test in this level throughout all skills. The weightless upward
momentum and control learned in Timing Stunts assists the Top to ride to the highest point possible and turn with the core,
hip and shoulder in the Hollow Body as one unit. While twisting, the Top spots (looks) with the eyes, for a proper stop or
landing.
Back Spot
Just as the Bases needed to learn to see the Top's torso and feel the placement of weight, so does the Back spot need to
be able to see the Top's shoulders, head and neck and to feel the direction of momentum through the ankle (or other part of
the body being supported). The Back Spot's responsibility increases greatly with twisting and releasing transitions. It is the
Back's job, not only to follow the top but anticipate where her next movement will be. By doing so s/he will be able to
deliberately place the stunt and control the power. As always it is the Back's primary role to protect the head and neck of
the Top (although the responsibility lies within the entire stunt group).
Extended Liberty with Cradle
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stunt as light as possible going up for the main bases. Top person should focus upward with their eyes and body, trying not
to try to balance themselves but should allow the bases to do so because they are below and can see what is happening.
They must keep a tight hollow position with the hips tucked under and upper thigh muscles engaged.
Videos:
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=how+to+do+a+ground+up+liberty&view=detail&mid=61BFB41DE909D9B6E9AC61B
FB41DE909D9B6E9AC&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aw4r7k4GDp4&feature=player_embedded
Liberty Variations
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Top needs to have very good timing and not start the full to early. Once mastered the Top can work on fine tuning the skill
by trying to keep feet from crossing by focusing on pointed toes pulled together.
Videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=EjWioZYuDms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ntPxZvm7Dcw
Twist Cradle from Extension
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of prep level. All other parts of the skill are the same as out of prep level. Everyone needs to focus on keeping the feet
narrow (almost together) during the extension, dip and pop as legs tend to spread when doing twist cradles from extension.
It will look much cleaner if legs are narrow and be easier for the Top person to twist.
Tick-Tock Pyramid (Braced on Both Sides)
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the way back up to extended, or re-grip and go back to prep level. This gives more time for the switch & re-grip.
360 to Prep Level
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Also watch the Top that they keep legs in close during the spin and as they come back to the prep position (or load
position). Also watch that their knees do not turn into the middle of the stunt, but stay underneath their hips.
Videos: Note: This skill can also be done without crossing the legs but is much easier to do with crossed legs. Since this is
a relatively new technique, videos are scarce. We will go over this at the clinic. Here are a few videos of the old grip:
Full Up to Extension: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=CYSc5pPL6Fw (not legal until level 4).
Full Up to Extension: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5_xebz61NH8 (not legal until level 4).
Another technique - this technique will not be useful as a progression to Level 4 skills but can be used if the skill is not
working the other way): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-fcrG0Xmr8.
Here is a correct video of the grips – you may need to sign into facebook to view the video:
www.facebook.com/video/embed?video_id=2770678963810
Basket Toss Variations (One Trick)
In all of the following tosses the Bases, Back Spot and Front do the same technique
as they did for the Straight Ride Basket Toss in Level 2.
Tuck Arch (Ball Out): The Tuck Arch basket tends to be one of the easier baskets to
execute. While the toe touch basket is more popular, the tuck arch tends to require less
flexibility and coordination on behalf of the Top.
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COACHING TIP: Be sure top person doesn't lie back as they pull into the ball position so
they don't initiate a backward rotation. Always be sure the trick is being done at the highest
point in the toss. Watch that the Back Spot does not back up too much prior to the catch.
When the Top does the arch the shoulder area looks like it will land much farther back than it
actually will. When they pike the body will shorten. It is a common mistake for the back
spotter to back up too far for a good catch.
Toe Touch Basket Toss
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COACHING TIP: You want the Top to pull the toe touch at the top of the toss. Also need to
watch that the Top doesn't set her/himself back to hard and possibly start a backward
rotation.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9E5E2TU4eK8
Full Twisting Basket Toss
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COACHING TIP: Make sure top is not initiating the spin (pulling arms) too early out of the
basket. Also look to be sure they are not laying back for the cradle too much too early
because that will cause the top to start a backward rotation. The hollow body position is
essential for a clean and controlled twist cradle.
Again, once stunt groups are experienced enough they can do the twist basket without the Top opening arms for the cradle
catch. This should be practiced first with straight ride baskets as the technique for the back spotter and Top are a little
different (Back catches to the side, under the shoulder blades; Top does not pike as much. It’s more of a slightly piked
hollow position.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKNiKCNhG-Q
Purpose:
Develops confidence in skills learned while challenging learner by
increasing difficulty.
Level 4 begins to challenge the learner demanding a higher level of athletic excellence. Transitions demand more core
strength and air sense. In this level a stable and connected core will be important for success, because twisting and
airborne skills are prevalent. The air sense and experience developed in the first three levels make the forward
progressions natural. However, the concentration on upper level skills and new variations may lead to muscle memory
"lapse", so continued practice and attention should be paid to the basic lines and power.
BUILDING
The Level 4 stunts begin to use a higher level of difficultly in transitioning. Twisting and releasing are air skills that require
the utmost attention and proper timing. In previous levels, individual athletes are more likely to vary in position and
grouping. When executing higher level stunts, cohesion and group work must be established. Stunt groups should have
mastered timing skills such as: cradles, retakes and reloads. It is very important that the entry and dismount are mastered
on every progression so that stunt groups' dip (bend) and explosion are synchronized. Although the progression of learning
is meant as a graduation, the skills accomplish in prior levels are important and useful ways to trouble shoot. The best way
to "fix" a stunt is to go back to the previous progression.
The Body While Stunting
As you may have guessed from earlier experience an engaged core (hollow body) and proper use of legs is very important
to the success in Level 4 stunts. When releasing stunts a direct line with the anticipated return is very important. Shoulder
and hip alignment for the Top will also be crucial for twisting and releasing. Level 4 is also a more demanding level on the
body. Conditioning at this level of performance should be a consistent part of the performers’ preparation. Competitions
demand more physically of the body and there is more room for variance, using mental concentration. 2.5 minutes of
intense conditioning should be mastered with a quick recovery to keep athletes at their optimal performance level in the
competition routine
Safety Considerations
The addition of twisting to and from extended level and releasing stunts is an important concern in Level 4. It requires the
extra spotter to be: 1) proficient in spotting all levels, 2) attentive to the Top's torso, 3) agile enough to move out of the
Bases' way. The Spot must be taught high standards of spotting stunts at all times. In every level an emergency place
should be in place in case of an accident.
Bases
Bases learned to use their legs as a source of power and absorption in Level 3. In Level 4 release moves, pyramids
transitions and single leg Twist cradles will require this ability to explode and absorb. The use of legs, ability to "feel" the
Top's movement should be in tuned with group stunting to help continue the synchronization of the group. Such timing will
be important in freestanding release moves. Bases learn to control their power and release a stunt, keeping the hands and
eyes in place for the Top's foot while remaining upright with a strong core, to re-grab the stunt and continue with the
movements. It is important to note that the amount of control and power changes in this level as the Bases begin to use a
little more power to explode through some stunts, this leads to the tendency to "overshoot" or give too much power. Bases
must be comfortable with the top person and be able to gage the amount of energy needed to perform the release move
correctly and legally.
Top
The use of the Top's core has taught him/her to lift and twist. It is now important to be aware of center of her body and the
connection from her gluts to her thoracic because the skills are landing in or coming from an extended level. When the Top
is twisting to extended position or with one leg, s/he must be able to properly ride the "up" in "1 2 down up" to lift the body
and keep the timing, and then twist. Release moves will also use this strategy while the Top tries to lift and place (or
replace) his/her feet. Inversions at prep level bring a new feeling for the top, as s/he has to lose their gravity for a moment to
regain it. As we escalate to inversions above prep level is also crucial that the Top is comfortable of being upside-down,
have proper air sense and strength to pull the torso to an upright position. Inversions are a creative and eye catching way to
stunt, but it is very important that the proper safety measures, such as spotters and progressions, are being followed.
Back
As a Back Spot, Level 4 introduces releasing and flipping pyramid transitions which may be two of the most thrilling
progressions. It is important that the Back is confident in the stunt group’s timing and can gage where the Top’s weight is
distributed, to anticipate where s/her is going to be. The Back will assist in the lift and power of the stunt, while protecting
the head and neck at all times. The job of the Back is difficult and important, but the previous levels have prepared the
learner with the required skills to protect the top's head and neck and contribute to the strength of the group.
Double Twist Cradle from Two Legs
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COACHING TIP: Make sure the Top doesn't initiate too soon for the twist. They need to go after the pop. She should also
keep a hollow body through the twist.
Full Twist Cradle from Lib (same concept for heel stretch)
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COACHING TIP: Watch that the Top pulls through the twisting movement because with the liberty full they can easily get
stuck ½ way around. Usually this is because they try to pull the top half of the body before the bottom half. Also to be sure
they don't drive the stag leg behind the straight leg because they then spin with crossed legs which take away from the
dismount
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oanw1dVUITs
540 Degree Twist Cradle from Arabesque (1¼ Twist)
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Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsGAvcJ2AKo&feature=player_embedded
Full Up to Extended Stunt
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Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Wx1up5Q-d4&feature=player_embedded
Kick Full Basket Toss
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COACHING TIP: Watch that the top person keeps a good kick technique and not blend into the
full twist. Top person should pull the kick leg up over top of the body. The Top should ride to toss
high executing the kick at the top and using leg to assist in rotation. As in other twisting rotations the Back may step slightly
to the side to catch the Top softly without the Top opening up for the cradle catch.
Watch that the top does not arch the back after the kick. They must stay hollow when bringing the leg into the twist. Practice
a straight kick basket toss without arch (kick to hollow).
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKUG7Bssbnk
Drills: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKmqZzXCJfI
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Double Twist Basket Toss
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COACHING TIP: Be sure the Top is fulling on the way up into the air as the second one is started. The Top must not spot
the bases coming through on the first full and open up for cradle. Be sure Top does not start too early (while still in the
basket) and not get the amount of pop and speed needed from the Bases to have enough height to complete both rotations.
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ArEn7XukXU
180 Degree Helicopter
Since it requires 3 catchers for this skill and the Top is
traveling half way around in a helicopter blade type of
rotation, you should use 4 athletes to toss this skill. This will
enable the person tossing the feet to remain in place to
catch the head and shoulders
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