McGRAW-HILL'S SAT
94
Vocabulary Lesson 8: SneakY SneakY
duplit twofold
nym name
Today's roots:
) spurious (adj)
pseudo fake
raPere to seize
fake; counterfeit
The head of the FBI cursed tl:e spurious tip that inconectly led them to an abandoned warehouse.
Antonyms: authcntic, substantifuted
Synonyms: /t ctitious, dubious, fahricated
)
Suib (n) trickery; deceit
The Big Bad Wolf deceivedLittle Red Riding Hood with guile and cunning'
Antonyms: candor, straightforwardness
Synonyms: cleperncss, cunning, ihrylicity
)
beguilc (v)
to deceive with charm
The con artist beguiled me out of my money, convincing me to play his game over and over.
Antonym: disenchant
Synonyms: charm,entrance, captivate
)
a deceitful scheme (strategos army general)
The teenagerdevisedan elaboratestrategem to escapehis parents'curfew.
Synonyms:play, ginnicl<" ruse, subtuftqe
strategem (n)
3 surreptitious
(adil
deceptive; snealry (sab- secretly + rapere seize)
The surreptitious movements of the lion lured the gazelle into a trap.
Antonyms: honcst, trustworthy, wert
Synonyms: covert,furtive,stealthy
A clnndcsthg
(adj)
secre| hidden
The clandestine military facility in the capital city was unknown even to the President of the United States.
Antonyms: forthright, straigfttforward, candid
Synonyms: stulthy, suneptitiaus, covert
O stulth
(n)
sneakiness; ability to avoid detection
The "stealth bomber" is so effective becauseit is undetectable by most radars.
Antonyms:ptceprtiblc, obsentablc
Synonyms:fartivettcss, coeertncss
J furyticity (n) deceit; hypocritical deception (duplit twofold)
: chicanery,improbitY
Synonyms
Q specious (adj) false,but plausible (specereto look at)
Synonyms:ostensibh, soPhistic
A ftmive (adj) secretive;snealry<a furtive plan to steal the diamond>
sfeatlhy,cloaked guileful
Synonyrnsl
Q pseudonyn (n) pen name (pseudo-fake + onoma name)
Synonyms:alias, anonym
A faflacious (adj) deceptive;false ( fallacia deceit + -ious full of )
: dchsory' etrotaous
Synonyms
J rapacious (adj) greedy;ravenous(rapereseize+ -loas frill of )
Synonyms:taperurus,covetous
95
VOCABULARY
:/dAPTER3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE
urocabularyLesson9: Time ls of the Essence
trons across,through
chronos time
Today's roots:
fluere to flow
ternpus time
fleeting; short-lived (transire to go across)
transient (adj)
1\-enever understand the transient nature of childhood until we wake up one day and realize we're all grown up.
Antonyms;pennaneni intenninahlc
SmonS,nns:
ephcmeral, evancscent, dcciduaus, transitory
ephemeral (adj)
shortlived
(hemera day)
Critics wrote off the band as a fad, their successas an ephemeral phenomenon.
Antonymstpennanertt, evolasting, intqftinoblc
Srrronyms: trmaien4 evanescent, floting
sporadic (adj)
irregular or unpredictable; infrequent
(sporas scattered)
He has experiencedsporadic successas an actor, with occasionalbig roles amid many unmemorableparts.
Antonyms: fequ.ent, tegulot, Irerrnanent
Srrronlnns: intertnitten4 episod.ic, mercurial
capricious (adj)
whimsical; impulsive
\[l.English teacherruns her classcapriciously, flitting from idea to idea with no reasonor direction.
Slrronyms: fickle, volatib, mercurial, enatic
likely to vanish (vanescereto disappear)
nanescent (adj)
The aurora borealis is beautiful but evanescent, a curtain of cascading light that can disappear in a heartbeat.
lntonyms: pertrtetual' enfuirinC
Sponyms: transient, ephe.mnal, transitory
ertenryrorqncoas
(adj)
done with little or no practice
(ex tempore of time)
The speechwas all the more remarkable becauseDr. Sherman gave it extemPoraneously, filling in for the scheduled
speakerat the last moment.
Slnonym: impromptu
something out of place in time (ana- bacl*'tard + chronos time)
Her old-fashioned perspective on motherhood makes her an anachronism among her friends.
Srrronl,nns:mchtism, incongruity, asynchronism
(n)
anachronism
@dj) lasting for a short time (transitrrs gone across)
Smon5rms: tr ans icnt, f leeting
transitory
ll
to speed tp
expedite(v)
(ex- out+pedisfoot)
Synonyms: hasten, quicken, facilitate
inflir
a flowing in (in- in+fluere to flow)
(n)
The country of Chad has seena massive influx of refugeesfrom the fighting in neighboring Sudan'
superfluous (adj)
contemporancozs
tr
intertninablc
(adj)
beyond what is necessary or sufficient (super- over +fluere to flow)
(adj)
existing or occurring at about the same time (con- together + tempore time)
never ending (in- not+ term end)
Synonyms: inc essan| unremitting
J protracted
(adj)
Svnonvm:drawnout
prolonged; extended in time (pro- fomtard + tract pull)
96
McGRAW-Hll-L'S SAT
\foaabulary Lesson I Oc lf You Gantt Say Anything
Today's roots:
dio thoroughly, through
dictus declared, word
Nice . . .
dePugn
down
to fight
O cuuure (n) official condemnation; harsh criticism (censorRoman supervisor for morals)
Congress
votedto declarecensureon the representative
who took moneyand gifts from a lobbyist.
Synonyms:castigation,d.erision,rebulce
Antonyms:laudation, endorsetnent
a cahnary @) slander;false accusation
Toomanytabloidsknow that calumny aboutcelebritiesis moreprofitablethan the truth.
Synonyms:libel" ilenigration, defamation
Antonyms:acclaim, ertolment, approbation
O diatrihe (n) malicious criticism or abuse (dia- through + tribein to rub)
A gooddebatemust avoidviciouspersonaldiatribe, and focuson a respectfuldiscussionof issues.
synonyms:castigatiog d.erision,lurangue
Antonyms:laudafrorl"extolmatt, honor
Q caustic (adj)
corrosive; sarcastic
Jamesimmediatelyregrettedmakingsucha caustic remark;he couldtell his wordstruly hurt Vanessa.
Synonyms:abrasive,acrimanious
Antonyms:mitigating, conciliatory, mollifying
Q rqudiate (v)
to cast offpublicly (repudium divorce)
Theconsumersrepudiated the shoecompanyfor usingsweatshops,
and beganbuyingfrom its competitor.
Synonyms:disavow,abiure,forswear
Antonym:condone
Q dcrogatoty (adj) disparaging; belittling (de- dov,rn,away)
Derogatoryremarksarenot allowedin class;discussionsshouldcriticize ideas,not people.
peJorative,dcrishte,disparaging
Synonyms:
A afunonish (v)
to reprimand mildly (ad- to + monereto warn)
Theboywasadmonishedby his mom for spilling his sodaon the brand-newrug.
Synonyms:tebuke,reprwe
Antonyms:laud, revere,qrdorse
Q disparage (v)
to belittle; to demean (dk- apart + parage rank, peer)
discredit
Synonyms:
a impugn (v)
to attack as untrue; to refute by argument (}z- against+ pugn to fight)
o
malcdiction (n)
a
denigrate (v)
tr
harangue (n)
tr
pejorative (adj)
a curse (mal-bad+ dictusdeclared)
Synonyms:arnthenu, e*ecration
to attack the character of; to disparage
Synonyms:slandcr, decry
a long, critical, and pompous speech
Synonyms
I d.iatrihe, di scourse
tending to make worse (geior worse)
The senatorsuggested
that discussingthe issuedispassionately
would be moreproductivethan slingingpejorative
personalcomments.
Synonym: tlisparaging
tr
slandu
(n)
false comments that injure another's reputation
(scandalum scandal)
W
97
VOCABI''LARY
CHAPTER3 / EUII-DINGAN IMPRESSIVE
Vocabulary Lesson I l: HolY Gow
socer sacred
sonctus holy
Today's roots:
yenus
vereri
respect, love
respect
sanctimanious (adj) falsely pious or self-righteous (sanctusholy)
I preferministerswho arereal people,not sanctimoniousknow-it-allpreachers.
Antonymsz
sincere,unaffected,guilelcss
Synonyms:holicr-than-thou, selftigfuteous,unctuous
sacrosanct (adj) profoundly sacred (sacer sacred+ sanctus holy)
To Hindus,the cowis a sacrosanctcreatureto be treatedwith the utmostrespect.
Antonym:unholy
divine, ratqed
Synonyms:inviolahle, consec,rated"
sanctuary (n) a place of refuge; a sacred place (sancrzs holy)
TheNotreDamecathedralis a sanctuaryto all; anyonein needof a safeplaceto rest is welcome'
: sltrinc, asylam
Synonyms
sac-ritcsious(adj) grosslyirreverent; disrespectfulof something sacred (sacersacred)
To Hindus,to whom cowsaresacred,the massslaughterof cattleis consideredsacrilegious.
Antonyms:reverant,pious
Synonyms:blasphcmous,desectating,impious
revere (v) to regard with honor and devotion (re- intensive + vereri respect)
Everygenreof musichasits stars,whom fansreverelike gods.
Antonyms:c(mdemn,loathe
Synonyms:vencrate,idolizB,esteen
showing religious reverence
pious (adj)
Cotton Mather, being a devoted puritan, considered it his pious duty to hang anyone in Salem accusedof witchcraft.
Antonyms: irreverent, blasphetnous
Synonyms: devout, ra,qential
f
respect for the wishes of others (de- away +ferre carry)
It is important to show deference to your eldersand treat them with respect.
Antonyms: itretterence, impertinence
Synonyms: couttesy,reverence
deference (n)
sacrament
(n)
a formalreligious
act or oath (sacer sacred)
Synonyms: rite, liturgt
vencrable (adj)
worthy of respect (venus respect)
Synonyms:revered,honorable
to regard with reverence or respect (venus respect)
vurcrate (v)
Synonyms: revue, extol
J
consecrate (v)
to declare to be holy (sacer sacred)
The marriage was consecrated by both a priest and an imam'
Synonyms: v enu ate, blass
J
tatisman
(n)
an object with magical powers (relos result)
Synonyms: charm, amulct
I
lionizB(v)
to treat as a celebrity
Synonyms:glorrfy, exalt, panegrize, apotheosize' deify
'
98
McGRAW-HILL'S SAT
Vocabulary Lesson l2: Power lt Upt
potens strong
domit lord
Today's roots:
formidablc (adj)
in-, im- not
efftcere to effect
awesome;hard to overcome; dreadful (formido fear)
The Yankeesare a forrnidable team; we'll be lucky to win a single game against them this year.
Synonyms: indomitablc,redoubtablc
Antonyms: attemic, ineffectual
potent (adj)
strong and effective Qtotens strong)
Although the drug is clearly the most potent treatment for depression, it also has the strongest side effects.
Synonyms: efficacious,forcdul
Anton5rms:impntent, enertated, fecklzss
bulwark
(n)
a strong defense
The newly constructed dam is in place as a bulwark against future flooding.
Synonyms: bastion, redouht, ramlrart
indomitahle
(adj)
unable to be conquered
(in- not + domit lord)
The indomitable castle has been under the control of the Spaniards for 6,000 years, despite repeated attacks.
Synonyms:
imtirciblc
redouhtahlc (adj)
arousing fear; formidable; awesome (re- intensive + douter to doubt)
The mob boss is a redoubtable figure who makes his enemies cower in fear.
Synonyms: fo rmidabb, intimidating
robust (adj)
full of vigor
The robust young men were able to run miles at a time through the rugged terrain without breaking a sweat.
Synonyms: brawny athlctic, potqtt
AntonJrms:wealc, dclicate
(adj)
impentious
incapable of being penetrated or affected (im- not + per- through + vin road)
Bulletproof vests are almost always impervious to bullets.
Synonyms: impanetrablc,impregnable
lntonyms:penncahlc,penctrabb
(adj)
capable of producing a desired effect (efficere to effect)
fficacious
Synonymtproficient
stalwart
(n)
physically or morally strong person; strong supporter
Synonyms: mainst ay, parti san
impotent
(adj)
lacking strength or power (im- not + potens strong)
Synonyms: enemated, effete
predominanr
(adj)
most important
(pre- before + domitlord)
Synonyms:para tttount, prezminent
impregnahlc
(adj)
unable to be entered by force (im- not+ prehendere grasp)
The castle was an impregnable fortress.
Synonyms: itnpenetrablc, intincihle, indomitablc
brawn (n)
muscular strength
Our best wrestler was all brawn and no brains.
Synonyms: robustncs s, vigor
bastion (n)
stronghold, fortress
The collegeis a bastlon of liberalism.
Synonym: bulwark
99
VOCABULARY
I::"AFTER3 / BUILDING AN IMPRESSIVE
\ro,aabutary Lesson | 3: Come Together
co-, cotn-, cgrt- together
syn- same, together
Tldav ' s r oot s :
vocore
legere
to call
choose
to blend or fuse together (co- together)
R,aindropsare usually fonned when water vapor coalesces on microscopic particles in the atrnosphere.
Antonyms: di{perse, dfirage, dissipa4lo
Syrlonyrns;analganute, consolidaU, fuse
wlesce
wtholog
(v)
(n)
a collection of works
The Beatles'Anthology is one of the best-selling greatest hits albums of all time.
Ssronyms: compilation, cornpendiat' treasroy
to call together (con- together + vocare call)
The village elders convoked the citizens to discuss the sale of the ceremonial landAntonyms: dis,rtiss, disprse
Slnonyms: assetrtb, stntntm
awwolcc (v)
kyn- same + chtoz time)
@) to arrange events to occur simultaneousb
rynctvonizr
\othing is harder for a dance teacher than trying to synchronize ten eight-year-old ballerinas.
Synonym: coordinate
ql,ntftests (n)
a fusion; a bringing together
(syn- together + tithenai to put)
The synthesis of DNA occurs when many ribonucleic acids are joined togetherinto one long double helix.
Antonyms: itivisiottt ilisiwtcam
comlnsite,fusion
Sponyms:
J tjectic (adj) made up of parts from many different sounces (ec'out+ legereto choose)
jazz styles'
RobMathes'eclecticcompositionsreveala subtleyet effectiveblendof blues,gospel,classical,and
Sponyms:maltAfaceteLmsltifafious, nanifol4 diwrne'
J rofte (v) to join different things
politiciansoftenyoke unpopularlegislationto popularbills sothat they cansneaktheni throughCongfess.
Slnonym: cot4flc
J @uhsa"m (n)
Slnonyms:
a combination of different substancesinto one mass
hYbrilt
J qnass (v) to gather; to Pile uP
IAreamasseda hugecollectionof CDs.
Slnonyms:stmfufiIc, accrttc
J bwolcc (v) to call on for help or inspiration (in- in+vocare call)
statutein orderto keepthe defendantin jailThejudgeinvokedan obscure,seldom-used
J compatiblc (adil capable of living together harmoniously
Thetwo wereverycompatible roorlmates.
Synonym:
J contemporary (adj)
J preditcttion (n)
living or occuring during the same time period (con- together +temporcnme')
disposition in favor of something Qne-before + legereto choose)
for chocolateScott has a strong predilection
bent, prcelfuily, propensity'
Synonyrns: inclinatioa
penchant
t0s
McGRAW-HILL'S SAT
VoeabulEanyLesson l4: Cruel and Unusual
Telday's n'qots:
vilis worthless
super- above, beyond
A rutlilcss (adj)
de- down
-less without
cruel; merciless (rue regret +-less without)
Torquemada is widely regarded as the most ruthless interrogator of the Spanish Inquisition.
Synonyms: bratal, callaus
AntonSrms:cieilize{ htonane, merciful
o
contempt
(n)
scorn; disrespect
Many eminent and successftrlscientists often show contempt for: novel theories that question tfreir own.
Synonyms: disdain,scorn
Antonyms: respect,hono4reverence
tr
callous (adj)
hardened;insensitive
Becausethey seeso much suffering daily, emergency room doctors often stmggle to avoid becoming callous.
Synonyms: insensitive,
o
(adj)
sadistic
dispassionate
taking
pleasure
Antonyms: compas sionate, empa:thetic,
in the pain of others
(from
the Marquis
dc Sade)
The sadistic youngster smiled as,he watched his classmate get hit in the head with a dodgeball.
Synon5ms: barbarouq sa7)age, rutldcss
Anton5rms: cieilize$ hunanc
tr
supercilious (adj)
firll of haughtyarrog€mce (super- above +cilium eyebrow)
Although he seemssupercilious when you first meet him, Joe is actually a modest and down-to-earth guy.
Synonyms: haushly, cmtalicr
Anton5urs: ffident, unasswning futrtb
o
(n)
idiosyrcrasy
apeculiartraitorhabit
(idio peculiar)
My history teacher has the idiosyncrasy of always squinting just before she asks a question of the class.
Synon5nns:quirl, fre.tatioA ercentticillt, singularity
D arnmaly
(n)
unusual event (an- not+homos
same)
The ninety-degree day in Siberia was an anomal55 the temperature had gone that high only once before.
Synonyms:abtratiott, inegularitt
Antonym: rquluity
(adj)
O incongruoas
E fettu
(v)
inappropriate;
not in keeping with a pattern
to tie up; to chain
Synonyms: shacHe, harnper
o
notorious
(adj\
famous for bad things (notus known)
Synon5rms:h{atnous, disrqutablc
tr
alecry (v)
to speak out against (de- down + crier cry)
Synonyms: vilifr, condcmn
o
vW
&\
to slander; to defame (vilrs worthless)
Synonyms: denigrate, naligrl" libel" calmniate
D heinous (adj)
cruelandunusual
(hainehatred)
Synon5rms:alrocio us, monstrous
tr
raile
(v)
to denounce abusively
(vilrs worthless)
Benedict Arnold has long been reviled as a traitor
Qn- not+ congru agree)