Chapterȱ11ȱReviewȱ
AmericanȱHistoryȱ
ȱ
FortȱSumter:
1. AȱUnionȱfortȱthatȱwasȱstrategicallyȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱharborȱofȱCharleston,ȱSouthȱCarolina.ȱȱ
2. AfterȱSouthernȱstatesȱsecededȱfromȱtheȱUnionȱtheyȱneededȱtheȱfortȱtoȱcontrolȱaccessȱtoȱtheȱ
citiesȱport.ȱȱ
3. InȱearlyȱMarchȱofȱ1861,ȱtheȱCommanderȱofȱtheȱfortȱnotifiedȱWashingtonȱthatȱtheyȱ
desperatelyȱneededȱsupplies.ȱȱ
a. IfȱnotȱtheyȱwouldȱsoonȱfallȱtoȱtheȱConfederates.ȱȱ
4. TheȱNorthȱwantedȱtoȱkeepȱtheȱfort.ȱȱ
a. IfȱtheyȱlostȱtheȱfortȱtheyȱsawȱitȱasȱanȱadmissionȱthatȱSouthȱCarolinaȱwasȱreallyȱoutȱ
ofȱtheȱUnion.ȱȱ
5. LincolnȱwasȱhesitantȱtoȱuseȱforceȱtoȱkeepȱFortȱSumter.ȱȱ
a. FearedȱtheȱreactionȱofȱtheȱeightȱslaveȱstatesȱthatȱwereȱstillȱpartȱofȱtheȱUnion.ȱȱ
i. SeveralȱofȱtheseȱstatesȱsaidȱtheyȱwouldȱsecedeȱalsoȱifȱLincolnȱusedȱforceȱ
againstȱtheȱConfederacy.ȱ
6. Lincolnȱdecidedȱtoȱresupplyȱtheȱfort.ȱȱ
a. UsedȱtheȱlogicȱthatȱifȱtheȱConfederatesȱfiredȱonȱunarmedȱsupplyȱshipsȱtheyȱ
wouldȱbeȱtheȱaggressorsȱnotȱtheȱUnion.ȱȱ
b. SentȱaȱmessageȱtoȱtheȱSouthȱCarolinaȱgovernorȱthatȱaȱsupplyȱships,ȱnotȱtroopsȱorȱ
arms,ȱwasȱonȱitsȱwayȱtoȱFortȱSumter.ȱȱ
i. Theȱmessageȱwasȱpassedȱonȱtoȱtheȱlocalȱmilitaryȱcommanderȱofȱtheȱ
Confederateȱarmy.ȱ
1. Heȱorderedȱtheȱfederalȱtroopsȱtoȱevacuateȱtheȱfort.ȱ
a. MajorȱAndersonȱrefused.ȱ
7. OnȱAprilȱ12,ȱ1861,ȱConfederateȱforcesȱopenedȱfireȱonȱFortȱSumter.ȱȱ
a. Theȱfortȱwasȱbombardedȱforȱ34ȱhours.ȱȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
i. ȱȱAndersonȱwasȱforcedȱtoȱsurrenderȱwhenȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱmostȱofȱtheȱfortȱwasȱonȱfireȱandȱtheirȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱammunitionȱwasȱrunningȱlow.ȱȱȱȱȱȱ
8. OnȱAprilȱ15th,ȱLincolnȱpubliclyȱannouncedȱthatȱaȱrebellionȱexisted.ȱȱ
a. Askedȱtheȱgovernorsȱofȱtheȱloyalȱstatesȱtoȱprovideȱaȱmilitiaȱofȱ75,ȱ000ȱmenȱtoȱ
serveȱforȱthreeȱmonths.ȱȱ
9. TheȱfallȱofȱFortȱSumterȱisȱconsideredȱtheȱfirstȱbattleȱofȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱȱ
ȱ
AnacondaȱPlan:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱTheȱUnionsȱmilitaryȱplanȱforȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱȱAȱthreeȱpartȱstrategy.ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱi.ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱCaptureȱRichmond,ȱtheȱConfederateȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcapitalȱ
ii.
GainȱcontrolȱofȱtheȱMississippiȱRiverȱ
iii.
InstituteȱaȱnavalȱblockadeȱofȱtheȱSouth.ȱ
a.
ThisȱwasȱimportantȱbecauseȱtheȱSouthȱdependedȱonȱforeignȱ
marketsȱtoȱsellȱcottonȱandȱbuyȱsupplies.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱb.ȱȱȱMostȱofȱtheȱstrategyȱreliedȱonȱgeography.ȱ
ȱ
BullȱRun:
1. Thereȱwereȱtwoȱbattlesȱfoughtȱnearȱthisȱcreekȱaboutȱ25ȱmilesȱoutsideȱofȱWashingtonȱD.C.ȱȱ
a. AlsoȱknownȱasȱtheȱBattleȱofȱManassasȱbyȱtheȱConfederates.ȱȱ
b. OnȱJulyȱ21,ȱ1861,ȱapproximatelyȱ35,000ȱConfederateȱmetȱwithȱUnionȱforcesȱnearȱ
ManassasȱJunction.ȱȱ
i. Aȱrailroadȱcrossing.ȱ
ii. Confederatesȱdugȱinȱonȱtheȱhighȱgroundȱbehindȱtheȱcreek.ȱ
c. TheȱfirstȱbattleȱofȱtheȱdayȱwentȱinȱtheȱUnion’sȱfavor.ȱȱ
i. TheȱleftȱflankȱofȱtheȱConfederateȱlineȱalmostȱbroke.ȱ
1. GeneralȱStonewallȱJacksonȱandȱhisȱmenȱstoppedȱtheȱUnionȱline.ȱ
2. UnionȱarmyȱretreatedȱbackȱtowardȱWashington.ȱ
2. ManyȱciviliansȱwentȱtoȱwatchȱtheȱbattleȱfromȱtheirȱWashingtonȱD.C.ȱȱandȱsurroundingȱ
areaȱhomes.ȱȱ
a. Broughtȱpicnicsȱandȱmadeȱitȱaȱsocialȱevent.ȱȱ
b. Onceȱtheȱfightȱbeganȱandȱbeganȱmovingȱtowardȱtheirȱlocationȱpanicȱandȱaȱmassȱ
retreatȱoccurred.ȱȱ
3. TheȱConfederateȱarmyȱfailedȱtoȱfollowȱtheȱretreatingȱUnionȱarmyȱatȱBullȱRun.ȱȱ
a. TheyȱwereȱdisorganizedȱandȱtooȱtiredȱtoȱgoȱafterȱtheȱUnionȱtroops.ȱȱ
b. IfȱtheyȱhadȱpursuedȱthemȱthereȱwasȱaȱpossibilityȱthatȱWashingtonȱmightȱhaveȱ
beenȱcaptured.ȱȱ
4. Thisȱbattleȱmadeȱeveryoneȱrealizeȱthatȱtheȱwarȱwouldȱlastȱlongerȱthanȱaȱfewȱmonths.ȱȱ
a. Eachȱsideȱbeganȱtoȱtrainȱtheirȱforcesȱforȱbattleȱandȱdevelopȱstrategyȱplans.ȱȱ
5. Theȱbattlesȱmostȱimportantȱconsequencesȱwereȱpsychological.ȱȱ
a. TheȱNorthȱwasȱshamedȱandȱshocked.ȱȱ
6. TheȱsecondȱbattleȱatȱBullȱRunȱtookȱplaceȱinȱAugustȱofȱ1862.ȱȱ
a. AnotherȱclearȱvictoryȱforȱtheȱConfederates.ȱȱ
ȱ
ȱ
Shiloh:ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱTookȱplaceȱinȱTennesseeȱnearȱtheȱMississippiȱstateȱlineȱinȱ1862.ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱUnionȱGeneralȱUlyssesȱS.ȱGrantȱhadȱstoppedȱnearȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱShilohȱChurchȱafterȱcapturingȱtwoȱimportantȱȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱConfederateȱfortsȱonȱtheȱTennesseeȱandȱCumberlandȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱRivers.ȱ
b. GrantȱnewȱthatȱtwoȱConfederateȱarmiesȱwereȱatȱCorinth,ȱMississippiȱbutȱdidȱnotȱ
expectȱthemȱtoȱattack.ȱȱ
i. GrantȱandȱhisȱmenȱwereȱcaughtȱbyȱsurpriseȱonȱAprilȱ6,ȱ1862ȱwhenȱ
thousandsȱofȱConfederateȱsoldiersȱrushedȱthem.ȱ
1. GrantȱwasȱpushedȱbackȱtoȱtheȱTennesseeȱRiverȱbyȱtheȱendȱofȱtheȱ
day.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱEarlyȱtheȱnextȱmorningȱGrantȱlaunchedȱanȱattackȱonȱtheȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱConfederateȱarmyȱthatȱhadȱoverrunȱthemȱtheȱdayȱbefore.ȱ
a. TheȱBattleȱofȱShilohȱlastedȱuntilȱtheȱmiddleȱofȱtheȱafternoon.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱi.ȱȱȱȱȱGrantȱhadȱbeenȱsuccessfulȱinȱstoppingȱtheȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱConfederateȱarmyȱandȱforcedȱthemȱtoȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱretreat.ȱ
b. Bothȱsidesȱhadȱhugeȱcasualties.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱi.ȱȱȱȱTheȱUnionȱhadȱmoreȱthanȱ13,000ȱ
ii. TheȱConfederatesȱhadȱmoreȱthanȱ10,000.ȱ
1. IncludingȱGeneralȱAlbertȱSidneyȱJohnston.ȱȱȱ
Antietam:ȱ
1. BattleȱtookȱplaceȱinȱSeptemberȱofȱ1862ȱatȱAntietamȱCreekȱonȱtheȱVirginia,ȱMarylandȱ
border.ȱȱ
2. LeeȱbeganȱcrossingȱtheȱPotomacȱintoȱMarylandȱwithȱapproximatelyȱ55,000ȱtroopsȱhopingȱ
forȱaȱmajorȱvictoryȱinȱtheȱNorth.ȱȱ
a. Troopȱnumbersȱdroppedȱtoȱapproximatelyȱ50,000ȱoverȱtheȱnextȱfewȱdays.ȱȱ
i. Hisȱmenȱwereȱhungry,ȱtiredȱandȱsick.ȱ
3. TheȱUnionȱarmyȱhadȱlostȱtrackȱofȱLeeȱforȱfourȱdays.ȱȱ
a. ThingsȱchangedȱwhenȱaȱsoldierȱfoundȱaȱcopyȱofȱLee’sȱbattleȱplansȱwrappedȱ
aroundȱaȱpackȱofȱcigars.ȱȱ
b. GeneralȱMcClellanȱandȱapproximatelyȱ75,ȱ000ȱUnionȱtroopsȱactedȱonȱtheȱ
informationȱandȱmetȱLeeȱatȱAntietamȱCreek.ȱȱ
4. TheȱBattleȱofȱAntietamȱlastedȱallȱday.ȱȱ
a. Becameȱoneȱofȱtheȱbloodiestȱbattlesȱofȱtheȱwar.ȱȱ
i. Confederatesȱsufferedȱmoreȱthanȱ13,ȱ000ȱcasualtiesȱ
ii. Unionȱsufferedȱmoreȱthanȱ12,000ȱcasualties.ȱ
5. AntietamȱwasȱnotȱaȱclearȬcutȱunionȱvictory.ȱȱ
a. LeeȱwithdrewȱtoȱVirginiaȱraisedȱtheȱNorth’sȱconfidence.ȱȱ
i. ProvedȱthatȱLeeȱcouldȱbeȱbeatenȱ
ii. SouthȱlostȱanyȱhopeȱofȱgettingȱanyȱsupportȱformȱEuropeanȱcountries.ȱ
1. Theyȱdidȱnotȱwantȱtoȱriskȱbackingȱaȱloser.ȱ
6. McClellan’sȱfailureȱtoȱgoȱafterȱLee’sȱarmyȱresultedȱinȱhisȱbeingȱfiredȱbyȱPresidentȱLincoln.ȱȱ
ȱ
ȱ
FortȱPillow:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱAȱUnionȱfortȱinȱTennessee.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱFortȱhadȱbothȱwhiteȱandȱblackȱsoldiersȱassignedȱtoȱtheȱfort.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ3.ȱȱȱȱȱInȱ1864,ȱConfederateȱtroopsȱattackedȱtheȱHenning,ȱTennesseeȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱFortȱwhichȱwasȱlocatedȱonȱtheȱMississippiȱRiver.ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱȱȱTheirȱgoalȱwasȱtoȱtakeȱoutȱtheȱUnionsȱsuppliesȱandȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱandȱcommunicationȱlines.ȱ
4. Afterȱovertakingȱtheȱfort,ȱConfederateȱsoldiersȱkilledȱoverȱ200ȱAfricanȬAmericanȱsoldiersȱ
thatȱwereȱprisonersȱofȱwar.ȱ
a. Theȱbattleȱwasȱlabeledȱaȱmassacreȱfollowingȱtheȱtestimonyȱofȱsurvivor’sȱ
testimonyȱtoȱaȱcongressionalȱsubȱcommittee.ȱ
ȱ
Gettysburg:
1. LeeȱdecidedȱtoȱtryȱanotherȱinvasionȱintoȱtheȱNorthȱfollowingȱhisȱvictoryȱatȱ
Chancellorsville.ȱ
a. Feltȱitȱwouldȱbeȱanȱopportunityȱtoȱresupplyȱandȱfeedȱhisȱtroopsȱatȱtheȱexpenseȱofȱ
theȱNortherners.ȱ
i. Takeȱwhatȱheȱneededȱfromȱtheȱenemy.ȱ
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
LeeȱcrossedȱintoȱPennsylvaniaȱwithȱapproximatelyȱ75,000ȱtroopsȱinȱJuneȱofȱ1863.ȱ
a. MovedȱnearȱtheȱtownȱofȱGettysburgȱbyȱtheȱendȱofȱJune.ȱ
i. Aȱscoutȱreportedȱthatȱthereȱwasȱaȱsupplyȱofȱshoesȱinȱtheȱtown.ȱ
ii. Aȱraidingȱpartyȱwasȱformedȱtoȱgetȱmuchȱneededȱshoesȱforȱtheȱtroops.ȱ
LeeȱandȱtheȱConfederatesȱdidȱnotȱknowȱthatȱtwoȱUnionȱbrigadesȱwereȱpositionedȱonȱ
highȱgroundȱnorthwestȱofȱGettysburg.ȱ
a. TheȱConfederateȱraidingȱpartyȱwasȱmetȱwithȱUnionȱfireȱonȱJulyȱ1,ȱ1863.ȱ
TheȱfirstȱdayȱofȱfightingȱinȱtheȱBattleȱofȱGettysburgȱallowedȱtheȱConfederatesȱtoȱpushȱtheȱ
UnionȱlineȱbackȱtoȱanȱareaȱcalledȱCemeteryȱRidge.ȱ
a. ConfederatesȱheldȱSeminaryȱRidgeȱlocatedȱaboutȱ½ȱmileȱformȱtheȱUnionȱlines.ȱ
i. Havingȱtheȱlowerȱground,ȱLeeȱknewȱthereȱwasȱgoingȱtoȱbeȱmoreȱ
fighting.ȱ
LeeȱattackedȱtheȱUnionȱonȱitsȱleftȱsideȱonȱJulyȱ2nd.ȱ
a. TriedȱwithoutȱsuccessȱtoȱcaptureȱaȱhillȱcalledȱLittleȱRoundȱTop.ȱ
OnȱJulyȱ3rd,ȱLeeȱorderedȱapproximatelyȱ15,000ȱmendȱtoȱrushȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱUnionȱ
armyȱonȱCemeteryȱRidge.ȱ
a. Heȱlostȱhalfȱtheȱmenȱheȱsentȱtoȱtakeȱtheȱridge.ȱ
TheȱBattleȱofȱGettysburgȱhasȱstaggeringȱnumbersȱofȱcasualtiesȱonȱbothȱsides.ȱ
a. Afterȱthreeȱdaysȱofȱfighting:ȱ
i. Unionȱarmyȱcasualtiesȱnumberedȱmoreȱthanȱ23,000.ȱ
ii. TheȱConfederateȱcasualtiesȱnumberedȱmoreȱthanȱ20,000.ȱ
TheȱUnionȱarmyȱwasȱtheȱvictor,ȱbutȱagainȱfailedȱtoȱendȱtheȱwarȱwithȱthisȱopportunity.ȱ
8.
ȱ
BattleȱofȱChancellorsville:ȱ
1. BattleȱtookȱplaceȱnearȱChancellorsville,ȱVirginiaȱbeginningȱonȱAprilȱ30,ȱ1863.ȱ
2. TheȱbattleȱwasȱpartȱofȱaȱplanȱintroducedȱbyȱGeneralȱJosephȱHookerȱtoȱcrushȱLee’sȱforces.ȱ
a. HeȱproposedȱtoȱdivideȱhisȱarmyȱintoȱthreeȱpartsȱtoȱcutȱoffȱLee’sȱsupplyȱlinesȱandȱ
attackȱfromȱbothȱflanks.ȱ
3. Hookerȱtookȱhisȱ134,000ȱforceȱtoȱpositionȱhisȱmenȱinȱaȱdeepȱforestȱnearȱChancellorsville.ȱ
4. LeeȱoutmaneuveredȱHookerȱwhenȱheȱdividesȱhisȱtroops.ȱ
a. SentȱStonewallȱJacksonȱandȱapproximatelyȱ30,000ȱmenȱthroughȱtheȱforestȱtoȱ
outflankȱHooker.ȱ
i. Hookerȱsawȱtheȱtroopȱmovementȱasȱaȱsignȱofȱretreatȱbyȱtheȱ
Confederates.ȱ
b. LeeȱandȱJacksonȱattackedȱHookersȱforcesȱfromȱtwoȱsides.ȱ
i. AfterȱseveralȱdaysȱofȱfightingȱHookerȱretreatedȱinȱdefeat.ȱ
5. TheȱvictoryȱatȱChancellorsvilleȱwasȱnotȱaȱgreatȱvictory.ȱ
a. StonewallȱJacksonȱwasȱshotȱbyȱoneȱofȱhisȱcenturiesȱwhileȱridingȱbackȱintoȱcamp.ȱ
i. ThoughtȱJacksonȱwasȱaȱUnionȱcavalryman.ȱ
ii. Jacksonȱhadȱtoȱhaveȱhisȱarmȱamputated.ȱ
1. Eightȱdaysȱlaterȱheȱdiedȱofȱpneumonia.ȱ
ȱ
BattleȱofȱVicksburg:
1. TookȱplaceȱinȱVicksburg,ȱMississippi.ȱ
a. EndedȱtheȱsameȱdayȱtheȱBattleȱofȱGettysburgȱended.ȱ
2. UlyssesȱS.ȱGrantȱandȱhisȱarmyȱwentȱafterȱtheȱConfederateȱstrongholdȱatȱVicksburg.ȱ
a. Theȱstronghold,ȱoneȱofȱtwo,ȱwasȱpreventingȱtheȱUnionȱarmyȱfromȱtakingȱ
completeȱcontrolȱofȱtheȱMississippiȱRiver.ȱ
3.
4.
b. HeȱsentȱCalvaryȱtoȱdestroyȱtheȱrailroadȱlinesȱinȱCentralȱMississippiȱasȱaȱ
diversion.ȱ
i. GrantȱthenȱtookȱhisȱinfantryȱsouthȱofȱVicksburgȱwhereȱheȱtookȱoutȱtwoȱ
ConfederateȱunitsȱandȱtookȱJackson,ȱtheȱstateȱcapital.ȱ
Confidentȱofȱaȱvictory,ȱheȱrushedȱVicksburgȱwithȱtwoȱfrontalȱassaults.ȱ
GrantȱandȱhisȱmenȱlaidȱsiegeȱonȱVicksburg.ȱ
a. HisȱforcedȱtheȱConfederatesȱholdingȱVicksburgȱtoȱeatȱtheirȱmulesȱandȱratsȱtoȱ
keepȱfromȱstarving.ȱ
b. ConfederatesȱmetȱonȱJulyȱ3,ȱ1863ȱtoȱdiscussȱtheȱtermsȱofȱaȱConfederateȱ
surrender.ȱ
ȱ
Thomasȱ“Stonewall”ȱJackson:
1. GeneralȱinȱtheȱConfederateȱarmy.ȱ
a. TheȱleadingȱofficerȱatȱtheȱBattleȱofȱBullȱRunȱandȱwasȱwithȱLeeȱatȱtheȱBattleȱofȱ
ChancellorsvilleȱandȱtheȱSevenȱDays’ȱCampaign.ȱ
2. WasȱshotȱbyȱoneȱofȱhisȱownȱsoldiersȱfollowingȱtheȱbattleȱatȱChancellorsville,ȱ
a. WasȱmistakenȱasȱaȱUnionȱcavalryȱrider.ȱ
b. Forcedȱtoȱhaveȱhisȱarmȱamputatedȱandȱlaterȱdiedȱfromȱpneumonia.ȱ
3. GeneralȱLeeȱconsideredȱJacksonȱhisȱmostȱvaluedȱGeneral.ȱ
ȱ
GeorgeȱMcClellan:
1. UnionȱarmyȱofficerȱandȱveteranȱofȱtheȱMexicanȱWar.ȱ
2. AppointedȱtoȱleadȱtheȱUnionȱArmyȱofȱtheȱPotomacȱbyȱLincolnȱfollowingȱtheȱBattleȱofȱ
BullȱRun.ȱ
3. Knownȱasȱanȱextremelyȱcautiousȱman.ȱ
a. Wouldȱnotȱmoveȱhisȱmenȱuntilȱheȱhadȱtrainedȱthemȱforȱfiveȱmonth.ȱ
b. LincolnȱwasȱgettingȱfrustratedȱandȱimpatientȱwithȱMcClellanȱandȱfinallyȱ
remarkedȱthatȱheȱwouldȱlikeȱtoȱuseȱhisȱarmyȱifȱMcClellanȱwasn’tȱgoingȱtoȱbeȱ
usingȱthem.ȱ
4. McClellanȱfinallyȱbeganȱmovingȱhisȱarmyȱaȱfewȱdaysȱbeforeȱtheȱBattleȱofȱShiloh.ȱ
a. SuccessfullyȱoccupiedȱYorktown,ȱVirginia.ȱ
i. ThenȱslowlyȱmarchedȱonȱRichmondȱwhileȱaskingȱforȱreinforcements.ȱ
b. McClellanȱsufferedȱaȱseriesȱofȱdefeatsȱandȱoneȱdraw.ȱ
i. LincolnȱorderedȱhisȱarmyȱbackȱtoȱWashingtonȱD.C.ȱ
ii. WashingtonȱunofficiallyȱremovedȱMcClellanȱofȱhisȱcommandȱandȱgaveȱ
itȱtoȱGeneralȱJohnȱPope.ȱ
1. AfterȱhisȱfailureȱLincolnȱplacedȱMcClellanȱbackȱasȱheadȱofȱtheȱ
ArmyȱofȱtheȱPotomac.ȱȱ
5. McClellanȱbecameȱboldȱwhenȱheȱlearnedȱofȱLee’sȱplansȱtoȱcrossȱtheȱPotomacȱRiverȱintoȱ
MarylandȱwhenȱaȱsolderȱfoundȱLee’sȱplansȱwrappedȱaroundȱcigars.ȱ
a. CaughtȱupȱwithȱLeeȱandȱwonȱaȱUnionȱvictoryȱatȱtheȱBattleȱofȱAntietamȱbutȱ
failedȱtoȱgoȱafterȱtheȱretreatingȱConfederateȱarmy.ȱ
i. ResultȱwasȱLincolnȱfiringȱhimȱpermanently.ȱ
ȱ
UlyssesȱS.ȱGrant:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱGeneralȱinȱtheȱUnionȱarmyȱandȱtheȱheadȱofȱtheȱtroopsȱinȱtheȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱWesternȱconflict.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱHeȱwasȱaȱWestȱPointȱgraduate.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ3.ȱȱȱȱȱAȱfailureȱatȱanythingȱheȱtriedȱasȱaȱcivilian,ȱbutȱaȱdecisiveȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱmilitaryȱcommander.ȱ
4. FoughtȱinȱtheȱwesternȱconflictsȱofȱShilohȱandȱVicksburg.ȱ
5. AppointedȱasȱcommanderȱofȱtheȱUnionȱarmyȱinȱ1864.ȱ
a. Hisȱwasȱaȱstrongȱwarȱstrategist.ȱ
i. ȱHisȱplanȱwasȱtoȱimmobilizeȱLee’sȱarmyȱinȱVirginia.ȱ
ii. HaveȱGeneralȱShermanȱraidȱGeorgia.ȱ
6. WasȱtheȱUnionȱgeneralȱthatȱmetȱLeeȱatȱAppomattoxȱCourtȱHouse,ȱVirginiaȱforȱtheȱtermsȱ
ofȱtheȱConfederateȱsurrenderȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
ȱ
DavidȱG.ȱFarragut:
1. AȱveteranȱofȱtheȱWarȱofȱ1812,ȱandȱtheȱMexicanȱWar.ȱ
2. WentȱtoȱseaȱatȱtheȱageȱofȱtenȱandȱworkedȱhisȱwayȱupȱtoȱbecomingȱaȱCaptainȱinȱtheȱ
UnitedȱStatesȱNavy.ȱ
3. Knownȱasȱaȱcarefulȱobserverȱandȱlongȱtermȱplanner.ȱ
a. Neverȱenteredȱaȱportȱwithoutȱmemorizingȱitsȱstatisticsȱandȱitsȱdefenses.ȱ
4. WasȱsixtyȱyearsȱoldȱatȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
a. ConsideredȱaȱNorthernerȱinȱspiritȱandȱaȱSouthernerȱbyȱbirth.ȱ
b. CalledȱtoȱserveȱtheȱUnionȱarmyȱinȱ1862ȱafterȱbeingȱretired.ȱ
i. HeȱcommandedȱtheȱblockadeȱofȱtheȱGulfȱofȱMexicoȱandȱcaptureȱtheȱportȱ
ofȱNewȱOrleans.ȱ
5. DefeatedȱtheȱConfederateȱfleetȱbyȱsmashingȱthroughȱtheȱConfederatesȱunderwaterȱ
barrierȱandȱengagingȱinȱaȱfight.ȱ
a. UsedȱtheȱsameȱtacticsȱatȱPortȱHudsonȱandȱhelpedȱGrantȱcaptureȱVicksburg.ȱ
6. HisȱgreatestȱvictoryȱofȱtheȱwarȱwasȱisȱcaptureȱofȱMobile,ȱAlabama,ȱtheȱConfederatesȱlastȱ
portȱonȱtheȱGulf.ȱinȱ1864.ȱ
a. FarragutȱmovedȱhisȱflagshipȱpastȱartilleryȱfireȱfromȱtheȱConfederateȱfortsȱinȱ
MobileȱBayȱandȱdestroyedȱtheȱremainingȱConfederateȱnavy.ȱ
7. Inȱ1866,ȱCongressȱcreatedȱtheȱrankȱofȱfullȱadmiralȱforȱhim.ȱ
ȱ
RobertȱE.ȱLee:
1. CommanderȱofȱtheȱConfederateȱarmyȱinȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
2. Opposedȱsuccession,ȱbutȱjoinedȱtheȱConfederateȱarmyȱoutȱofȱloyaltyȱtoȱVirginia.ȱ
a. TurnedȱdownȱLincoln’sȱofferȱtoȱbeȱcommissionedȱasȱheadȱofȱtheȱUnionȱarmy.ȱ
3. Knownȱforȱbeingȱboldȱandȱimaginative.ȱ
a. ȱDirectedȱmanyȱofȱtheȱmostȱbrilliantȱmilitaryȱmovementsȱofȱtheȱwar.ȱ
4. Veryȱwellȱrespectedȱandȱlikedȱbyȱotherȱofficersȱandȱsoldiers.ȱ
5. GraduatedȱsecondȱinȱhisȱclassȱfromȱWestȱPoint.ȱ
6. ServedȱinȱtheȱMexicanȱWarȱ
7. WasȱinȱchargeȱofȱtheȱtroopsȱthatȱstoppedȱJohnȱBrown’sȱraidȱatȱHarpersȱFerry,ȱVirginia.ȱ
8. ȱFoughtȱinȱmanyȱofȱtheȱmajorȱbattlesȱofȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
a. SecondȱBattleȱofȱBullȱRunȱ
b. BattleȱofȱAntietamȱ
c. BattleȱofȱGettysburgȱ
d. BattleȱofȱChancellorsvilleȱ
8. LeeȱsurrenderedȱhisȱtroopsȱtoȱUlyssesȱS.ȱGrantȱatȱAppomattoxȱCourtȱHouseȱwhichȱ
endedȱtheȱCivilȱWarȱonȱAprilȱ7,ȱ1865.ȱ
a. ThisȱwasȱafterȱRichmond,ȱVirginiaȱfellȱintoȱUnionȱarmiesȱhandsȱonȱAprilȱ2,ȱ1865.ȱ
ȱȱȱ
ClaraȱBarton:
1. AȱUnionȱnurseȱduringȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
a. Oneȱofȱtheȱfewȱwomenȱtoȱgoȱdirectlyȱtoȱtheȱfrontȱlinesȱtoȱwork.ȱ
i. Dugȱbulletsȱoutȱofȱtheȱwoundedȱwithȱaȱpenknife.ȱȱ
b. Collectedȱandȱdistributedȱsuppliesȱandȱhadȱtoȱpassȱthroughȱenemyȱlinesȱtoȱgetȱ
themȱtoȱtroops.ȱ
c. Hadȱanȱexcellentȱabilityȱtoȱanticipateȱtroopȱmovements.ȱ
i. Oftenȱtimeȱsheȱwouldȱarriveȱatȱtheȱbattlefieldsȱbeforeȱtheȱtroops.ȱ
2. Aȱfieldȱsurgeonȱdescribedȱherȱasȱtheȱ“angleȱofȱtheȱbattlefield.”ȱ
3. FoundedȱtheȱAmericanȱRedȱCrossȱ
ȱ
WilliamȱTecumsehȱSherman:
1. UnionȱgeneralȱduringȱtheȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
2. OftenȱconsideredȱaȱmatchȱtoȱGrantȱinȱdetermination.ȱ
3. Knownȱtoȱbeȱbrilliant,ȱambitiousȱandȱmoody.ȱ
4. FoughtȱatȱVicksburgȱandȱotherȱbattles.ȱ
a. AsȱaȱrewardȱGrantȱmadeȱShermanȱtheȱCommanderȱofȱtheȱTennesseeȱarmy.ȱ
5. Shermanȱmovesȱhisȱ100,000ȱmenȱoutȱofȱTennesseeȱandȱmovedȱonȱAtlanta,ȱGeorgiaȱinȱ
Mayȱofȱ1864.ȱ
a. ConfederateȱarmyȱfellȱbackȱasȱheȱenteredȱAtlantaȱinȱSeptemberȱofȱ1864.ȱ
i. Capturedȱtheȱcity.ȱ
1. Orderedȱtheȱcityȱevacuatedȱandȱburnedȱaȱmajorȱportionȱofȱit.ȱ
b. ShermanȱhadȱcutȱtheȱonlyȱConfederateȱrailroadȱlinkȱacrossȱtheȱAppalachianȱ
Mountains.ȱ
6. FromȱAtlanta,ȱShermanȱmarchedȱtowardȱSavannah,ȱGeorgia.ȱ
a. Cutȱoffȱfromȱmajorȱsupplyȱlines,ȱheȱhadȱhisȱmenȱstealȱwhatȱsuppliesȱtheyȱ
needed.ȱ
b. DestroyedȱanythingȱheȱfeltȱmightȱbeȱusefulȱtoȱtheȱConfederatesȱduringȱhisȱ
marchȱleavingȱnearlyȱstrippedȱaȱlineȱ60ȱmilesȱwideȱandȱalmostȱ300ȱmilesȱlong...ȱ
i. Uprootedȱcropsȱ
ii. Burnedȱfarmhousesȱ
iii. Slaughteredȱlivestockȱ
iv. Toreȱupȱrailroadȱtracksȱ
7. MuchȱofȱSherman’sȱdestructiveȱmarchȱexceededȱhisȱordersȱitȱbecameȱpartȱofȱhisȱtacticȱofȱ
fightingȱaȱtotalȱwar.ȱ
a. BelievedȱthatȱtoȱwinȱtheȱUnionȱhadȱtoȱstrikeȱtheȱenemiesȱeconomicȱresources.ȱ
8. ReachedȱSavannahȱonȱDecemberȱ10,ȱ1864.ȱ
a. HeȱwasȱresuppliedȱbyȱtheȱUnionȱnavyȱandȱthenȱturnedȱnorthȱtoȱmeetȱupȱwithȱ
Grant.ȱ
ȱ
Monitor:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱAȱUnionȱironcladȱship.ȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱTheȱshipȱwasȱaȱsteamȱdrivenȱshipȱwithȱironplateȱarmorȱonȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱtheȱship.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ3.ȱȱȱȱȱȱTheȱfirstȱshipȱtoȱhaveȱaȱrevolvingȱgunȱturretȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ4.ȱȱȱȱȱȱMetȱupȱinȱ1862ȱwithȱtheȱconfederateȱironcladȱoffȱtheȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱsoutheastȱcoastȱofȱVirginia.ȱ
a.
WasȱaȱpartȱofȱtheȱfirstȱnavelȱbattleȱinȱAmericanȱhistoryȱbetweenȱtwoȱironclads.ȱ
ȱ
Merrimac:
1. AnȱironcladȱthatȱwasȱcapturedȱbyȱtheȱConfederacy.ȱ
a. RenamedȱtheȱVirginia.ȱ
2. TookȱpartȱinȱtheȱfirstȱironcladȱseaȱbattleȱwithȱtheȱUnionȱironcladȱMonitor.ȱ
a. Battleȱendedȱinȱaȱdraw,ȱbutȱtheȱVirginiaȱhadȱtoȱgoȱtoȱNorfolkȱforȱrepairs.ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
EmancipationȱProclamation:
1. Lincolnȱlackedȱtheȱconstitutionalȱauthorityȱtoȱabolishȱslavery.ȱ
a. Asȱcommanderȱinȱchiefȱheȱdidȱhaveȱtheȱauthorityȱtoȱinstituteȱmilitaryȱmeasures.ȱ
i. Informedȱhisȱcabinetȱȱthatȱheȱplannedȱtoȱissueȱaȱnewȱmilitaryȱorder.ȱ
2. AnnounceȱtheȱEmancipationȱProclamation.ȱ
a. Byȱaȱcertainȱdate,ȱallȱslavesȱlivingȱinȱareasȱstillȱrebellingȱagainstȱtheȱUnitedȱ
Statesȱwouldȱbeȱfree.ȱ
i. Toȱreassureȱconstitutionalȱconcerns,ȱheȱassuredȱthemȱthisȱstepȱwouldȱ
onlyȱapplyȱtoȱstatesȱbelongingȱtoȱtheȱConfederacy.ȱ
1. Thisȱassuranceȱstoppedȱanyȱconcernsȱaboutȱtheȱstatusȱofȱslavesȱ
inȱtheȱborderȱstates.ȱ
3. LincolnȱwasȱadvisedȱbyȱhisȱSecretaryȱofȱStateȱWilliamȱH.ȱSewardȱtoȱkeepȱtheȱ
EmancipationȱProclamationȱaȱsecretȱuntilȱthereȱwasȱaȱmajorȱUnionȱvictory.ȱ
a. CameȱonȱSeptemberȱ17,ȱ1862ȱatȱAntietam.ȱ
4. OnȱSeptemberȱ22,ȱ1862,ȱLincolnȱissuedȱaȱpreliminaryȱdraftȱofȱtheȱproclamationȱ.ȱ
a. Itȱwouldȱgoȱintoȱeffectȱatȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱ1863.ȱ
5. ItȱwouldȱtakeȱmoreȱthanȱthreeȱyearsȱafterȱtheȱProclamationȱwasȱissuedȱforȱslaveryȱtoȱbeȱ
abolished.ȱ
6. TheȱEmancipationȱProclamationȱbroughtȱaȱdecisiveȱchangeȱinȱtheȱwar.ȱ
a. Slaveryȱbecameȱanȱissue.ȱ
b. SlavesȱleftȱtheirȱmastersȱtoȱjoinȱtheȱUnionȱarmy.ȱ
ȱ
HabeasȱCorpus:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱAȱcourtȱorderȱthatȱrequiresȱauthoritiesȱtoȱbringȱanȱindividualȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱinȱjailȱbeforeȱaȱcourtȱtoȱdetermineȱwhyȱtheȱindividualȱisȱbeingȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱjailed.ȱ
3. LincolnȱsuspendedȱtheȱwritȱofȱhabeasȱcorpusȱtoȱdealȱwithȱtheȱConfederateȱ
sympathizersȱinȱtheȱUnion.ȱ
a. Theyȱwereȱtoȱbeȱheldȱwithoutȱaȱtrial.ȱ
i. ThisȱincludedȱCopperheads.ȱ
b. ThousandsȱofȱCopperheadsȱandȱotherȱopponentsȱofȱtheȱwarȱwereȱarrestedȱandȱ
heldȱwithȱaȱtrial.ȱ
i. Someȱarrestsȱwereȱjustifiedȱforȱparticipatingȱinȱtheȱdraftȱriots.ȱ
4. Lincoln’sȱdecisionȱtoȱsuspendȱtheȱwritȱofȱȱhabeasȱcorpusȱexpandedȱpresidentialȱpowersȱ
duringȱwartime.ȱ
a. JeffersonȱDavisȱdenouncedȱLincoln’sȱmethodsȱofȱquietingȱsympathizers,ȱbutȱdidȱ
theȱsameȱthingȱinȱtheȱConfederacyȱinȱ1862.ȱ
ȱ
Copperheads:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱȱNorthernersȱthatȱadvocatedȱpeaceȱwithȱtheȱsouth.ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱȱMajorityȱofȱthemȱactivelyȱinterferedȱwithȱtheȱwarȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱefforts.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱi.ȱȱȱȱȱMostȱlimitedȱtheirȱantiwarȱactivitiesȱȱtoȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱspeechesȱandȱnewspaperȱarticles.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱȱMostȱfamousȱCopperheadȱwasȱDemocraticȱCongressmanȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱfromȱOhio,ȱClementȱVillandigham.ȱ
a. HeȱwasȱtriedȱandȱconvictedȱbyȱaȱmilitaryȱcourtȱforȱurgingȱȱUnionȱsoldiersȱtoȱ
desert.ȱ
b. Heȱpubliclyȱadvocatedȱforȱanȱarmistice.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ3.Mostȱlimitedȱtheirȱantiwarȱactivitiesȱȱtoȱspeechesȱandȱnewspaperȱarticles.ȱ
ȱ
Conscription:
1.
Anotherȱnameȱforȱaȱmilitaryȱdraft.ȱ
2.
InvokedȱbyȱbothȱtheȱUnionȱandȱConfederacy.ȱ
a. Dueȱtoȱtheȱlargeȱnumberȱofȱcasualtiesȱandȱdeserters.ȱ
3.
Thisȱdraftȱrequiredȱcertainȱmembersȱofȱtheȱpopulationȱtoȱserveȱinȱtheȱarmy.ȱ
a. Confederacyȱpassedȱtheȱlawȱinȱ1862.ȱ
i. Requiredȱwhiteȱmalesȱbetweenȱtheȱagesȱofȱ17ȱandȱ50ȱtoȱjoin.ȱ
ii. Allowedȱslaveholdersȱofȱ20ȱorȱmoreȱslavesȱexemptȱ
iii. Allowedȱanyȱmanȱwhoȱwasȱdraftȱageȱtoȱhireȱsomeoneȱelseȱtoȱfightȱinȱhisȱ
place.ȱ
b. TheȱUnionȱpassedȱtheȱdraftȱlawȱinȱ1863.ȱ
i. Requiredȱwhiteȱmalesȱbetweenȱtheȱagesȱofȱ25ȱandȱ45ȱtoȱfightȱforȱ3ȱyears.ȱ
ii. LikeȱtheȱSouth,ȱmenȱcouldȱhireȱsubstitutesȱtoȱtakeȱtheirȱplaceȱorȱpayȱtheȱ
governmentȱ$300ȱtoȱavoidȱtheȱdraft.ȱ
c. TheȱUnionȱdraftȱcausedȱaȱriotȱinȱNewȱYorkȱinȱ1863.ȱ
i. Approximatelyȱ100ȱdied.ȱ
ii. Theȱpoor,ȱandȱimmigrantsȱfeltȱitȱwasȱunfairȱtoȱfightȱforȱtheȱfreedomȱofȱ
slaves.ȱ
1. Whenȱtheyȱwereȱfreeȱtheyȱwouldȱbeȱcompetingȱforȱtheirȱjobs.ȱ
4.
Theȱdraftȱinȱbothȱgovernmentsȱwasȱconsideredȱunfair.ȱ
a. Theȱmilitaryȱbecameȱdisproportionatelyȱpoorȱwithȱtheȱrichȱbeingȱableȱtoȱpayȱ
theirȱwayȱoutȱofȱfighting.ȱ
ȱ
IncomeȱTax:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱThisȱtaxȱwasȱfirstȱauthorizedȱbyȱCongressȱinȱ1863.ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱȱPassedȱtoȱhelpȱpayȱforȱtheȱwar.ȱ
ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱb.ȱȱȱȱLeviedȱaȱ5%ȱtaxȱonȱincomesȱbetweenȱ$600ȱandȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ$5,000ȱandȱ10%ȱonȱincomesȱoverȱ$5,000.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱCongressȱalsoȱbelievedȱthatȱwithȱtheȱeconomyȱboomingȱdueȱtoȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱtheȱwarȱtheyȱshouldȱtapȱintoȱindustriesȱhugeȱprofits.ȱ
ȱ
Andersonville:ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱȱConfederateȱprisonerȱofȱwarȱcampȱnearȱAndersonville,ȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱGeorgia.ȱ
a. Consideredȱtoȱhaveȱtheȱworstȱlivingȱconditionsȱofȱȱanyȱprisonerȱofȱwarȱcampȱinȱ
theȱCivilȱWar.ȱ
i. Interredȱȱmoreȱthanȱ33,ȱ000ȱmenȱintoȱ26ȱacresȱtoȱlive.ȱ
ii. Prisonersȱhadȱnoȱshelterȱfromȱtheȱelementsȱprovided.ȱ
1. Createdȱsheltersȱfromȱmaterialsȱtheyȱhad.ȱ
iii. Theirȱaccessȱtoȱdrinkingȱwaterȱwasȱalsoȱtheirȱsewerȱandȱthoseȱofȱtheȱ
prisonȱguards.ȱ
iv.ȱȱȱȱȱTheȱSouthȱhadȱaȱfoodȱshortageȱandȱtheȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcampȱwasȱunableȱtoȱfeedȱitsȱprisoners.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱb.ȱȱȱȱȱApproximatelyȱ1/3ȱofȱallȱitsȱprisonersȱdiedȱinȱtheȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱcamp.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ4.ȱȱȱȱTheȱCommanderȱofȱtheȱcampȱwasȱtheȱonlyȱmanȱtoȱbeȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱtriedȱforȱwarȱcrimesȱandȱexecuted.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱHisȱnameȱwasȱCaptainȱHenryȱWeirz.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱb.ȱȱȱDescribedȱasȱaȱbrutalȱmanȱtowardȱtheȱprisoners.ȱ
ȱ
GettysburgȱAddress:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱPresidentȱLincolnȱhelpedȱdedicateȱaȱcemeteryȱatȱtheȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱGettysburgȱbattlefieldȱinȱNovemberȱofȱ1863.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱEdwardȱEverettȱofȱMassachusettsȱwasȱtheȱmainȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱspeakerȱatȱtheȱdedication.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱi.ȱȱȱȱSpokeȱforȱtwoȱhoursȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱLincolnȱgaveȱaȱbriefȱspeechȱthatȱlastedȱaboutȱtwoȱminutes.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱa.ȱȱȱHisȱwordsȱwereȱeloquentȱstatementȱofȱdemocraticȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱideals.ȱ
ȱȱ
AppomattoxȱCourtȱHouse:
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱȱOnȱAprilȱ2,ȱ1865,ȱGrantȱclosedȱinȱonȱLeeȱasȱheȱwithdrewȱfromȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱRichmond,ȱVirginia.ȱ
a. Lee’sȱarmyȱwasȱ½ȱofȱGrantsȱandȱknewȱhisȱarmyȱwouldȱnotȱsurviveȱ
anotherȱsummerȱlikeȱthatȱinȱ1864.ȱ
b. Moralȱwasȱveryȱlow.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱi.ȱȱȱȱȱTriedȱtoȱmakeȱaȱrunȱtoȱtheȱwestȱinȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱhopesȱofȱjoiningȱmoreȱtroops.ȱ
ȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ1.ȱȱȱȱHisȱescapeȱwasȱcutȱoffȱbyȱ
ȱȱ
ȱ
Grant.ȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ2.ȱȱȱȱȱLeeȱaskedȱforȱtermsȱofȱȱsurrenderȱandȱmetȱwithȱGrantȱinȱtheȱ
ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱvillageȱofȱAppomattoxȱCourtȱHouse.ȱ
a. Theȱtermsȱofȱsurrenderȱwereȱworkedȱoutȱbetweenȱtheȱtwoȱofȱthem.ȱ
4. LeeȱsurrenderedȱonȱAprilȱ9,ȱ1865.ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
NorthernȱAdvantagesȱgoingȱintoȱtheȱCivilȱWar:
1. Hadȱaȱpopulationȱofȱ22ȱmillionȱpeople.ȱ
2. Hadȱoverȱ85%ȱofȱtheȱnation’sȱindustries.ȱ
3. Almostȱallȱtheȱknownȱsuppliesȱofȱmetalsȱ
a. Goldȱ
b. Ironȱ
c. Copperȱ
4.
Mostȱofȱtheȱnation’sȱrailroadȱlinesȱwereȱinȱtheȱNortheast.ȱ
a. Producedȱmostȱofȱtheȱnation’sȱrailwayȱequipment.ȱ
Aȱstrongȱnavy.ȱ
5.
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ȱ
SouthernȱAdvantagesȱgoingȱintoȱtheȱCivilȱWar:
1. Hadȱtoȱfightȱaȱdefensiveȱwar.ȱ
a. ProtectȱitsȱterritoryȱuntilȱtheȱNorthȱtiredȱofȱtheȱstruggle.ȱ
2. Hadȱanȱexcellentȱmilitaryȱleadership.ȱ
3. Motivatedȱtoȱdefendȱtheirȱwayȱofȱlife.ȱ
4. Hadȱmoneyȱfromȱtheȱsaleȱofȱcottonȱ
5. Strongȱmilitaryȱtradition.ȱ
ȱ
ȱ
ConfederateȱWeaknessesȱgoingȱintoȱtheȱCivilȱWar:
1. Didȱnotȱhaveȱaȱstrongȱcentralȱgovernment.ȱ
2. Hadȱlimitedȱaccessȱtoȱrailroadsȱ
3. Hadȱfewȱfactoriesȱtoȱcreateȱmilitaryȱsuppliesȱ
4. Hadȱnoȱnavyȱtoȱstart.ȱ
5. Cashȱcropsȱwereȱtheirȱmainȱcrop,ȱsoȱfoodȱwasȱgoingȱtoȱbeȱscare.ȱ
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