Celebrating Biodiversity in the Hurunui District 2014
Authors: Rylee Adams, Lee-Anne Alcantara, Sarah Allington, Kristin Baker, Finn Bamford, Deborah Barkley, Charlee Barrett, Celine Barnes, Jamie-Lee Barnes, Jackson Bau,
Joanne-Marie Bircham, Keeley Bovey, Cherish Bullmore, Levi Cameron, Bella Caughley, Jesse Cederman, Calybe-Mikaire Chambers, Miriam Clark, Andre Colenso, Josh Collins, Alison Conrad,
Emma Conti, Liam Costello, Flynn Crean, James Crosby, Grace Cundy, Eliza Dalzell, Lewis Davidson, Fletcher Earl, Henry Earl, Charlotte Eckardt, Jaya Ellen-Johnson, Caitlan Ellis,
Christopher Fazakerley, Alex Fissenden, Lucy Florance, Maddie Foster, India Garden-Young, Katie Gardner, Mathew Garside, Ruby Gemmell, Asra Ginders, Ruby Gill-Clifford, Samuel Hassall,
William Hassed, Liam Heasley, Georgia Henderson, Milly Henderson, Regan Holden, Matthew Horn, Jane Jones, Gabrielle Jordan, James Kelly, Lucas Kelly, William Knight, Christa Lamont,
Annie le Grelle, Joseph le Grelle, Shiloh Maye Leqeta, Ashleigh Lintott, Hamish Mackintosh, Sam Mahan, Ben McDrury, Caleb McMullen, James Metcalfe, Charlotte Miller, Luke Miller,
Lydia Miller, Reuben Miller, Rena Misra, Ria Misra, Cole Morgan, Danielle Mundy, Johnny Murchison, Blair Norton, Trinity O’Brien, Corban Painter, Alex Palmer, Holly Parish, Isabella Penter,
Ethan Purvis, Quan Quirke, Tom Ruck, Simagul Sawari, Ali Jan Sawari, Ella Scarlet, Madeline Scarlet, Jessica Shearer, Andrew Sheddan, Grace Spencer, Skyla Squires, Cherie Sutherland,
Dylan Topp, Krista Vernal, Ashton Walker, Ashleigh Watson, Bradley White, Chantelle White, Shanaya White, Blair Wilkins, George Wilkins, and Tanya Wilson
Introductions: Hamish Dobbie (CEO Hurunui District Council), Sarah Ensor (Partnerships Ranger Department of Conservation), Dr Marieke Lettink (Fauna Finders),
Alan McDonald (Partnerships Ranger Department of Conservation), Dr Jean-Marie Tompkins ( Biodiversity Advisor Environment Canterbury), and
Sonny Whitelaw (Biodiversity Advisor Hurunui District Council)
Contributing schools: Broomfield School, Cheviot Area School, Hanmer Springs School, Hurunui College, Mairehau Primary School, North Loburn School, Waiau School, and Waikari School
Editor and book design: Sonny Whitelaw
The photographs in this book are copyright to the individual photographers and institutions on the captions
Published by Biodiversity Hurunui, Hurunui District Council, PO Box 13, Amberley 7441
The position of Hurunui District Council Biodiversity Advisor was funded through the Department of Conservation under the Biodiversity Condition and Advice Fund
Softcover edition ISBN 978-0-473-28975-1
PDF edition ISBN 978-0-473-28976-8
Publication date: November 2014
248 pages
A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of New Zealand
2
Dedication
For Sophie,
so that you and every child may grow
up in a world filled with wonderful
creatures,
love Moko.
3
Preface
Hi everyone,
My name is Moko and I’m a New Zealand rough gecko. My friends and I live in habitats scattered across the Hurunui District and beyond to
our neighbouring Tasman, Buller, Grey, Marlborough, Kaikoura, Selwyn, and Waimakariri Districts. Some of my friends spend only part of their
lives in New Zealand, travelling as far away as Antarctica, Australia, Tonga, the North Pacific ocean, and South America to spend winter or to
breed. With your help, there will always be a safe home for them here every time they return.
This book is filled with pages created by children to celebrate biodiversity in the Hurunui District. The book begins with an overview of biodiversity and this district. Subsequent chapters are about living organisms grouped according to their evolutionary complexity rather than by
kingdom or phylum. The last chapter is about conservation areas and projects that are helping to protect us and restore our habitats.
The children who contributed to this book were aged between 5 and 18. They designed A4 brochures that could be folded into 6 pages, and
opened out to 2 pages as you see them in the book. The children researched, discovered, and wrote about topics that interested them, or were
important to them. Several drew or painted pictures, others wrote stories. While some of the details may be incomplete or imperfect, this book
is a work of hope and love by the children who contributed.
We, and the children, know that my friends and I need all the help
we can get, for many of us are very rare. Some of us are on the
verge of extinction.
We also know that there are lots of people not included in this
book who have and continue to work very hard to help protect
us and restore our homes.
This is our way of thanking all of you.
4
Contents
Preface��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4
Map of the Hurunui District ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6
Introduction to the Hurunui District ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 7
Chapter 1: Fungi and Plants ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8
Chapter 2: Invertebrates ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32
Chapter 3: Fish��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 62
Chapter 4: Reptiles & Amphibians �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 78
Chapter 5: Birds ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 104
Chapter 6: Mammals & Marsupials������������������������������������������������������������������������� 188
Chapter 7: Conservation Areas & Projects���������������������������������������������������������������206
Index �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������242
Further Information ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 247
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Map of the Hurunui District
6
Introduction
Hamish Dobbie
CEO Hurunui District Council
In the Hurunui we have a lot of biodiversity to celebrate. From the alpine
tussock lands of the Southern Alps to our unspoiled east coast beaches,
the Hurunui boasts some of the most varied and best-preserved examples
of indigenous biodiversity in Canterbury. In addition to the Department
of Conservation estate of approximately 225,000 hectares (25% of the
district by area – see the map at left) there is significant biodiversity on
private land that has been protected and maintained by generations of
private landowners.
The word ‘biodiversity’ is relatively recent as it is thought to have first
been used in 1988. It is a portmanteau; that is, a word formed by combining two words: ‘biological’ and ‘diversity’. Biodiversity means the diversity
of all biological life — plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms — and the
genes they contain plus the ecosystems where they live.
Places rich in biodiversity are more than beautiful natural landscapes filled
with wonderful creatures like Moko and iconic animals and plants such as
the kiwi and silver fern. Healthy ecosystems rich in biodiversity provide us
with life-giving services. They cycle and transfer nutrients, detoxify and
decompose waste, control diseases, provide clean air and water, prevent
erosion, reduce the effects of floods, give us food and medicines, and help
stabilise our climate. They are our heart and lungs, kidneys, liver and blood
vessels, all working together to make our world a liveable place. Biodiversity is everyone’s taonga. Without biodiversity, we simply wouldn’t be able
to exist.
Because of our unique natural heritage (see Chapter 6), New Zealand is
one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots. Some 90% of insects, 80% of our trees, ferns, and flowering plants, 25% of bird species,
all 60 reptile species, 4 remaining frogs, and 2 species of bat are found
nowhere else on Earth. Unfortunately, over 1000 species in New Zealand
are under threat of extinction.
Many iconic and rare species live right here in the Hurunui. The orangefronted parakeet featured in Chapter 5, for example, is critically endangered. Without help, this beautiful little bird will soon vanish. Once common in our alpine areas, the Kea, the world’s only alpine parrot, is also
now listed as critically endangered. The slender button daisy is a botanical
gem, so rare that it was thought extinct until it was found in the lawn of
Hanmer Heritage Hotel in 1998. The Waipara gentian is found only in the
Hurunui and in one site in North Otago and has a threat status listing as
nationally critical. The nationally vulnerable dwarf musk or matt leafed
mazus is found in only a handful of coastal sites in our district.
In general, past generations didn’t have the same understanding that we
have today of the importance of biodiversity. Despite this, many of our
predecessors appreciated the natural values that surrounded them and
had the foresight to preserve areas for future generations to enjoy. So
Moko asked the next generation, children, to spread the word about what
we have and why it’s so important.
While there are many challenges ahead, this book illustrates the beauty
and power of children’s voices and shows what can be achieved when we
work together. It’s also a reminder that the next generation has the biggest stake in how we respond to these challenges, for our children and
grandchildren need healthy ecosystems just as much as Moko and his
friends.
Whilst rules and regulations are tools to protect biodiversity, education is
the key because with education comes understanding. It is my hope that
the creation of Moko’s book has furthered the understanding of the young
people of the Hurunui about the wonderful and diverse natural environment in which they live. I congratulate all the individuals who have contributed and wish them well as they continue to act as ambassadors and
stewards for preservation of our biodiversity in the future.
7
Chapter 1: Fungi & Plants
Alan McDonald
Partnerships Ranger, Department of Conservation
Plants and fungi provide much needed habitat for many species to
live and feed. Without them these species struggle to survive.
Fungi
Fungi, which are in a different kingdom to plants, are one of the most
important groups of organisms on the planet. This is easy to overlook because they and the work they do is mostly hidden from view.
Along with bacteria, which are in a different kingdom again, they
help recycle nutrients, are crucial for the health of most plants, and
provide food and medicines. There are about 7,500 species of fungi
in New Zealand. Around half are indigenous and 50 are critically
endangered.
Plants
New Zealand’s iconic plants are recognizable within the different
regions of the country from Pohutukawa in Northland to Rata in
Southland. They, and fungi, are found in three main ecosystems:
Terrestrial
• Forests
• Shrublands
• Grasslands
• Herb & fell fields
Freshwater
• Rivers
• Lakes
• Wetlands
• Estuaries
Coastal & Marine
• Dunelands & beaches
• Continental shelf
• Reefs
• Deep water
Each of these ecosystems features a variety of habitats within them.
Forests, for example, have different layers of vegetation: the forest
floor, shrub layer, mid-canopy layer, hardwood layer, and the emergent layer.
8
New Zealand’s plants have many unique traits that are found nowhere
else. Plants that people take for granted here are sought after in gardens around the world. Examples include hebe, kowhai, flax and pohutukawa. Our plants have many unique features including: divaricating
branches (South Island kowhai), interesting coloured leaves (horopito)
and interesting textures (spear grass). Some native plants are very long
lived; totara can live for up to 2,000 years.
Much has changed since the arrival of humans
Pre-human New Zealand was 85% forested. Now, only 31% remain, (13
million ha), with few lowland forests intact. Only 5% of our wetlands
remain, and of these there are few large areas. This has had a devastating impact on native populations and species diversity (biodiversity).
What is special about the Hurunui District
Hurunui has many unique plant and fungi communities in alpine, beech
forest, plains, limestone, and coastal areas. Some of our unique plants
include:
• The endemic Weka Pass sun hebe (Heliohebe maccaskillii)
• The endangered wiggy-wig (Muehlenbeckai astonii)
• The prostrate kowhai (Sophora prostrata), a feature of the dry
Hurunui hills; also the national stronghold for this species
• Massive lowland totara (Podocarpus totara) in coastal remnants
• Slender button daisy (Leptinella filiformis) thought extinct until
it was found in the lawn at Hamner Heritage Hotel!
• Brachyscome pinnata, doesn’t have a common name and is found
in only two places in the world, one being Medbury Reserve.
You can see an example of a coastal forest at Nape Nape scenic reserve.
Canterbury’s only coastal population of Rata is found at Mt Ararat in
Omihi forest. The Hurunui District is also home to species that grow
no further south, like Monroe’s ragwort (Brachyglottis monroi) found at
Mt Cass, and the Marlborough rock daisy (Pachystegia insignis), while
the cooler loving plant, limestone wheat grass (Australopyrum optatum)
grows no further north.
Weeds
New Zealand has over 2,000 native plants and 24,000 introduced plants.
Some, such as wheat, mushrooms, vegetables, fruit, and pine trees, were
deliberately introduced for agriculture & forestry, and of course flowers and trees for gardens. Others arrived as seeds and spores aboard
ships. Some arrived accidentally in cargo, or were washed ashore or
blown by winds across the Tasman Sea from Australia.
Of the 24,000 introduced plants, over 2,500 have naturalised (they can
reproduce here in NZ). Unfortunately, of these, over 300 have become
environmental weeds. They damage our environment because they outcompete native plants, destroying their habitats and with it, our biodiversity.
Examples of weeds include:
• Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp.) in coastal
environments
• Marram (Ammophila sp.) in the sand dunes
• Old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba) in the forests
• Curly waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) in the lakes
• Willows (Salix sp.) in waterways
• Wilding conifers (several genus) in tussock landscape
• Lupin (Lupinus sp.) in braided riverbeds and coastal margins
• Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata) on hillsides
Some of the worst weeds are now banned from sale or distribution by
law. You can find out more at www.biosecurity.govt.nz/NPPA
How can we help plants and fungi in the Hurunui District
Plant eco-sourced natives
• Plant eco-sourced plants in your garden. Ecosourcing is where seeds have been sourced locally. Your plants are much more likely to thrive in local
conditions and help expand local biodiversity. Pohutakawa is a good example of what NOT to plant anywhere in the South Island. It’s a north island
native. Instead, you should plant it’s equally colourful cousin, Southern Rata, a South Island native:
www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/about-doc/concessions-and-permits/conservation-revealed/rata-pohutukawa-lowres.pdf
• Learn more about native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-plants
• If you live on a farm or lifestytle block, fence off streams and wetlands and plant with eco-sourced native plants. This will expand the native plant
footprint in your area by encouraging native invertebrates, fish, reptiles, and birds. See here for ideas:
www.doc.govt.nz/documents/getting-involved/students-and-teachers/themes/native-plants-native-places.pdf
Control weeds
• Set up a Weedbusters group. Weedbusters is an awareness and education programme that aims to protect New Zealand’s environment from the
increasing weed problem. Pest animals and plants (weeds) are the greatest threat to our biodiversity. http://weedbusters.co.nz
• Stop the spread! Dispose of green waste properly and don’t buy or plant any weeds. When you are around waterways, check, clean, and dry your
gear to prevent unwanted pests like didymo or ‘rock snot’ from spreading to other waterways: www.doc.govt.nz/conservation
9
I don’t know why the silly editor put fungi in this chapter, because fungi are more closely related to animals than plants! Just like animals, fungi breathe in oxygen
and breathe out carbon dioxide 24/7, have chitin in their cell walls, and need organic carbon, not sunlight, to grow (which is why mushroooms like the dark). Plants
breathe out oxygen during the day and carbon dioxide at night. They have cellulose in their cell walls, and use sunlight to grow through photosynthesis. This photo
of fungi called Artomyces turgidus was taken by Clive Shirley. Check out his amazing New Zealand fungi website www.hiddenforest.co.nz - Moko
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Contents
Fungi
Fly agaric fungi by Josh Collins (age 13)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 12
Plants
McCaskill’s sun hebe by Deborah Barkley (age 13)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 14
Silver fern by Skyla Squires (age 14)���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16
Mistletoe by Chantelle White (age 15) ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18
Pittosporum by Charlotte Miller (age 7) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20
Manuka by Henry Earl (age 13) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22
Wiggiwig by Deborah Barkley (age 13)���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24
Flax by Emma Conti (age 10)���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26
New Zealand flax by Lydia Miller (age 5) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������28
Beech trees by Christopher Fazakerley (age 13) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30
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12
13
Veronica
maccaskilli
© Carol Jensen, NZ Plant Conservation Net-
Heliohebe
maccaskilli
14
Taxonomists try to group
'related' plants or animals in the
same genus. They decide by
physical characteristics, looks
and now also use DNA analysis.
There is often debate around
which group a particular plant
or animal should be placed in.
The Veronica genus in NZ was
renamed Hebe in the 1920s to
reflect the differences between
the NZ plants and their northern
hemisphere counterparts. Now
it is believed that these
differences are adaptions by the
Veronicas to the specific
conditions found here, so the
genus name has reverted to
Veronica.
(Phil Garnock-Jones,
Emeritus Professor of Botany, Victoria
University).
NZ Threat Classification
System categories
***
From DOC web site
Veronica maccaskilli is
nationally endangered.
Veronica maccaskilli
flowers from October to
November.
It fruits from December
to January.
© Carol Jensen, NZ Plant Conservation Network
Veronica maccaskilli is
endemic and only found
in the Weka Pass and on
Mt Cass.
Veronica maccaskilli was
labelled as a separate
species by Norton and
Molloy in 2009.
Hurunui’s
rarest
plant.
Veronica maccaskilli favours
cracked and jointed limestone
outcrops, semi-shaded.
Because these areas are now
surrounded by pasture the
plant is threatened by
competition from other
species. We call it weed
invasion.
© Carol Jensen, NZ Plant Conservation Network
Propagation can be from
seeds or cuttings however it
is hard to grow successfully.
It likes well drained alkali
soil.
© Phil Garnock-Jones, NZ Plant Conservation Network
Deborah Barkley
15
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16
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17
18
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20
21
22
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Fantails use their broad tails to
change direction quickly while
hunting for moths, flies, spiders,
Wasps and beetles. Sometimes they
eat fruit.
The Maori Name Piwakawaka or
Tiwakawaka meaning fantail. Some
Maori believe fantails deliver
messages from loved ones or of things
yet to come.
Female Fantail
New Zealand Fantails
Fantails live all over NZ Australia
and Pacific islands. Originally they
live in native forests in orchards and
in gardens. The fantails are known
as very Friendly birds they are not
shy and fly close to people . During
waking hours the bird is never still.
They flit from perch to perch with a
checky call : cheet cheet cheet .
24
Male Fantail
Displaying Fantail
Male and female both build nests
normally in forks of trees In the
South Island they nest from August
to March. In the North Island from
September to January. Fantails are
excellent breeders and can lay eggs
up to five times a year. The chicks
are feed every 10 minutes up to 100
times a day. The chicks leave the
nest at around 13 days old. The life
span of the fantail is not very long
with the oldest recorded fantail only
being 3 years old.
You can whistle your way into a
friendship with a fantail by learning to
talk like them. Fantails speak using a
high-pitched sound. It is sort of like a
kissing sound. You can create this
sound by puckering your lips together,
putting your finger in-between your
lips and sucking in lightly.
Distribution
By Danielle Mundy
25
26
27
28
29
�a�ri �a�e� �arearea
�i��d��: ��i�al
���l��: �er�e�ra�e
Class:
Bird
Order:
�i�r�al �irds �� �re�
�a�il�:
�al���
� �� a���� �� ��
a
s�
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i�
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a
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i�
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a�d �ei��� ���
��er �al� ��e
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a
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e
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si
�era�le �
are �a���all� ��
30
��e �as�er� �al��� is ����d ��
��e ��r���i dis�ri�� �ai�l� ��
�ar�s ��ere i� �a� �eed ��
�i�e a�d ra��i�s �
They can fly at speeds of 100
km/h.
Can catch prey larger than
itself.
Males are smaller than the
Females
�he �aste�� �al�o� is �e�� te��ito�ial�
�he� �o��t ha�e �a�� �i��s that
a�a�� the� ��t the� �a� �e a�a��e�
�� g�o��s o� �ag�ies �he� the� ��
o�e� the �ag�ies te��ito���
�he �o�th Isla���s easte�� �al�o�
is �o��� i� o�e� �o��t��� It is
la�ge�� a�� �ale� i� �olo�� tha�
the othe� t��es o� �al�o�s� �he�e
a�e ����� �ai�s ����e�tl� i� the
�o�th isla�� o� �e� �eala���
�a�i�g e�ol�e� i� a la�gel� �o�este�
la��s�a�e it has �e�elo�e� a �o��
sha�e that o���ises its a�ilit� to h��t
i� this e��i�o��e�t� It is o�e o� o�l�
�o�� �o�est �al�o�s o�t o� a total o� ��
s�e�ies o� �al�o�s �o�l��i�e�
It is illegal to shoot a
�aste�� �al�o����
31
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Chapter 7: Conservation Areas & Projects
Jean-Marie Tompkins
Biodiversity Advisor, Environment Canterbury
As you can see from this book, the Hurunui is home to lots of unique
and rare species and ecosystems. These make this region special and
highlights the importance of protecting and restoring biodiversity. Many
people in the district have realised this and are working with groups
and organisations like DOC, ECan, the QEII Trust, and local conservation
groups to ensure that our amazing biodiversity is both protected and
maintained for future generations. By working together they are able
to share resources and expertise to ensure the best possible outcome.
Scattered remnants
Within the inland basins only patches of native shrub and forest remain.
Once the vegetation of the area would have been a mosaic of lowland
tussockland, floodplain podocarp forest, dry woodland and wetlands,
reflecting the underlying waterways and soils. Today stands of old
man kanuka and patches of dryland matagouri, native broom, prostrate
kowhai, and other shrubs can still be seen within farmlands. Some
landowners are protecting these areas of vegetation on their property
through covenants and restoration projects. You can see examples of
dryland remnant reserves at Medbury and Culverden from the road.
Braided rivers – the Conway, Waiau, Hurunui
Very few places in the world have braided rivers, so we are fortunate
to have several in the Hurunui. Braided rivers are characterised by a
constantly moving network of shingle channels. They are an abundant
supply of food and support for many of our special endemic species
such as the black billed gull, wrybill, oyster catchers, and banded dotterel. If we all take care to respect these birds on the river we can
help the work of conservation groups such as BRAID to protect our
most special river residents.
34
Sumner Lakes Forest Park
Lake Sumner is the largest in Canterbury (and one of the largest
on the South Island’s east coast), with unmodified lake margins and
ecotone. Administered by the Department of Conservation, the Park
has an amazing variety of habitats including beech and low forests,
mountain ribbon wood shrublands, alpine snow tussocklands, sub-alpine
shrubland, and tussock grasslands. At least 10 species of native fish
live in the lakes and rivers, while the area supports some of the last
remaining habits of threatened and endangered species like the whio,
mohua, and orange-fronted parakeet.
Coastal Hawkswood Range
The hill country streams that flow from the top of the Hawkswood
Range into the sea have highly significant native forest remnants
along them. The streams support populations of native fish such as the
banded kokopu and koara that like their streams to be surrounded by
forest. Many landowners in this area are undertaking extensive work
to protect these coastal streams and their forested riparian margins.
Several of them are doing this with the help of the QEII Trust and the
Regional Council (Environment Canterbury).
Northern Pegasus Coastal Wetlands
The coastal area between the Waipara and Kowai river mouths
includes important wetlands that support native birds, fish, vegetation and locally-rare plants. Two areas where people are undertaking
work are Mimimoto lagoon and Amberley Beach. This is also one of the
few places left in Canterbury where you can find the threatened Katipo
spider (Latrodectus katipo).
A final word from the editor...
Long ago, when Zealandia (see Chapter 6) was submerged beneath
the ocean, biodiversity in the Hurunui District looked very different
from today. So Moko decided it was fitting to end this book with a
poignant reminder of an era when vast and ancient creatures ruled
our planet.
To walk along the Waipara River today is to journey back in time
almost 300 million years. Here, marine reptiles the size of dragons lay
cocooned inside enormous geological pearls, giant fossilized oysters
and clams pave sections of the riverbed, and the bones of extinct
birds protrude from the rocks and sediment lining the banks. In a
very special place, one of only a few locations in the world, you can
see the KPg boundary, evidence of the comet that wiped out the
dinosaurs 65 million years ago. This triggered the fifth mass extinction on Earth that ended one geological era and heralded in another.
Today, we stand at the dawn of a new geological era, the Anthropocene, so named because we humans are responsible for the sixth mass
extinction now underway. Yet because this is our time, unlike the dinosaurs, we have the ability to choose the fate of all living creatures
that share our remarkable world. And we should never forget that
our destiny is inexorably linked with theirs. So let’s choose wisely.
- Sonny Whitelaw, Biodiversity Advisor Hurunui District Council, July 2013-October 2014
How you can help protect and restore biodiversity in the Hurunui District
Perhaps you would like to join in with the activities of these groups, or even form your own team to help out an area you really like!
• Amberley Beach Coast Care www.dunestrust.org.nz/about-us/trustees
• Amberley School (biodiversity trail & Minimoto Lagoon - see page 230) www.amberley.school.nz
• BRAID (Braided River Aid) https://sites.google.com/site/braidedriveraid/home
• Broomfield School (Enviroschool) www.broomfield.school.nz
• Cheviot Area School (Enviroschool / Woolshed Creek restoration) www.cheviot.school.nz
• Culverden Community Committee (Innes Drain - Rutherford Reserve)
• Department of Conservation (several partnership programmes in the district) Rangiora ph: +64 3 313 0820; Mahaanui ph: +64 3 341 910
• Environment Canterbury (Biodiversity) http://ecan.govt.nz/advice/biodiversity
• Hanmer Springs Community Board www.hurunui.govt.nz/your-council/committees/hanmer-springs-community-board
• Hanmer Springs School (biodiversity trail) www.hanmersprings.school.nz
• Hanmer Springs Weedbusters www.activityhanmer.co.nz/weedbusters.html
• Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Project www.naturespace.org.nz/groups/hurunui-college-nina-valley-restoration-group
• Leithfield School (biodiversity trail) www.school.nz/school/leithfield-school
• Omihi School (biodiversity trail) www.school.nz/school/omihi-school
• QEII Trust www.openspace.org.nz
• Te Tihi o Rauhea Hanmer Springs Conservation Trust: [email protected]
• Waiau River Care Group http://waiaurivercare.blogspot.co.nz
• Waikari School (Enviroschool) www.waikari.school.nz
35
Students from the Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Project. Because
of all their hard work setting traps to catch mustelids, rats, and possums,
fewer geckos like me are being eaten by these monsters, and the populations of great-spotted kiwi, whio, and kaka are recovering. - Moko
36
Contents
Battle for our Birds by Alison Conrad (age 17) ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������210
Lake Sumner by Jaya Ellen-Johnson (age 14) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 212
Malaquin Bush by Alex Palmer (age 8) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������214
Getting rid of Broom by Reuben Miller (age 13) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 216
Karearea by Deborah Barkley (age 13) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������218
Saving the Geckos by Ruby Gemmel (age 12) ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 220
North Loburn School by Hamish Mackintosh (age 12) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 222
The Geckos’ Habitat by Ben McDrury (age 11) ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 224
North Loburn School by Charlotte Eckardt (age 12) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 226
Motunau Beach & Island by Krista Vernal (age 13) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228
Minimoto Lagoon by Kristin Baker (age 18) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 230
Waiau River Care by Waiua kids ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 232
Nina Valley Restoration by Ashleigh Watson (age 14) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������
234
Nina Valley EcoBlitz by Moko ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 236
North Canterbury coast information signs by Moko ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 238
Waipara River fossils by Moko������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������241
37
38
39
�a�a����e�-�������
��r���i�����e�e
�ear���
Hokakura
�ak���u���r��or�����ark����
�ou�����������ou������a������
�or����a���r�ur����ak��
�u���r��or�����ark����
�ro�����������������au���������
�u���o����au��u���ak����
a���a���a��������r������r��
ar���a�ura���o����r�����a���
�a����������a��r�a�����������
���a��r�a������r�������or�
�ra���r��
40
Wild life:

�����e�ie������a��e����

���e����k���i�

�e�����ea������a

Kea

�a�����Kārearea

������ai�e���a���eka�eka


�e������r���e���arakee��
Kākāriki
����e��Ki�i���r�a
Food web
Lake Sumner
Forest Park is made
up of four different
lakes: Lake
Sumner, Loch
Beech
Ants
Katrine, Lake
Mason and Lake
Shepherd!
S.I. Robin
��o�e���ap�that��o�ers��ake��u��er��orest��ark�
�he��orest��s�prote�te���a��ly��ro��
�ossu�s�a���stoats�as�they�are�a�threat�to�
�u�h�o��the���l��l��e�a���e��a��ere���spe��es��
e����the��ra��e-�ro�te��parakeet/k�k�r�k��
�h��h��s�o�ly��ou������three�pla�es����the�
�orl��
>ĂŬĞ^ƵŵŶĞƌ&ŽƌĞƐƚWĂƌŬůŝĞƐϭϬϬ
ŬŵŶŽƌƚŚǁĞƐƚŽĨŚƌŝƐƚĐŚƵƌĐŚďĞͲ
ƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ>ĞǁŝƐWĂƐƐĂŶĚƌƚŚƵƌ͛Ɛ
WĂƐƐEĂƟŽŶĂůWĂƌŬƐ
h�p�//�����o���o�t���/parks-a��-re�rea�o�/pla�es-to-stay/�o�ser�a�o�-�a�ps�tes
-�y-re��o�/�a�ter�ury/�orth-�a�ter�ury-a��-arthurs-pass/lake-taylor/
Stoats
�e�eta�o��

�ee�h��orest/ta�ha�

k��uka/���uka

shru�la���o���ou�ta���r���
�o��oo�/houh�

tusso�k��rassla��
41
Conservation in the
Hurunui Area
Queen Elizabeth II National
Trust helps private landowners
in New Zealand protect special
natural and cultural features
on their land with open space
covenants. This means the covenant lasts forever even if the
landowner changes. If Tinline
Downs is ever sold by my family
the protection of the Malaquin Bush con-
Malaquin Bush is a 21.44 hectares QE2 Open
space Covenant situated at Tinline Downs,
972 Sherwood Road, Waiau.
tinues with the new landowner. The new
landowner would continue the protection
of this bush. The work is ongoing with fences continually being maintained to stop
livestock breaking in. Weeds such as blackberry, gorse and broom are sprayed out
Protecting this habitat is very important as it maintains a
food source for the native birds. There are Wood Pidgeons—
Kereru, Morepork Owls—Ruru, Bellbirds—Korimako to name
a few birds spotted in the Malaquin Bush during the year.
42
B U S H
not natural to the New Zealand habitat.
M A L A Q U I N
along with wilding cherry trees which are
Coprosma Pedicellata
The Malaquin Bush has been a joint conservation project funded by the Hurunui
District Council, ECAN and the QE2 National Trust along with my family, the Palmer family. My mother was left a small family
It turns out that this plant Coprosma Pedicel-
Since fencing the Malaquin Bush off
lata is a very rare plant. In 2012 the conser-
from livestock in 2011 these Coprosma
vation status was listed as declining. This
Pedicellata have grown and are doing
means that the national population of this
very well. See the picture below with
plant is small and that the plant is not regen-
what the livestock do to the native
erating very well where it has been found.
plants when grazed. Compare this with
This is why the Malaquin Bush is so im-
the ungrazed native bush behind the
portant for the Hurunui Area.
fence. This shows what the QE2 Na-
HABITAT
tional Trust can achieve when working
with landowners directly.
The habitat is threatened by heavy grazing of
livestock which can destroy seedlings. The
seedlings prefer to grow in fertile sites
among Kahikatea, Pokaka, Mapou and MyrAlex, Kaitlyn and Rory Palmer in the Malaquin Bush 2014.
inheritance from my Great Grandparents
Maxwell & Taryne Malaquin. This partly
helped fund the project hence the name
Malaquin Bush. Miles Giller from the QE2
National Trust discovered a very rare
tle. All of which is found in the Malaquin
Bush, along with many other native trees
such as Rimu, Matai, Beech to name a few.
You are welcome to visit Malaquin Bush but
due to Tinline Downs being a working farm,
appointments are necessary. Please phone
my parents on 033156650 or email
[email protected] for a suitable time.
plant called Coprosma Pedicellata. My
Mum and Dad thought it was just a weed
and didn’t know how important it was.
43
When you hear the wo
rd ‘broom’ you may
think of the broom tha
t you sweep the
floor with, but the broo
m I am
talking about is an an
noying weed .
on
omm
c
t
s
rty.
e mo
is th ur prope
V
X
L
DU
no
VFRS e have o
V
X
V
&\WL broom w
:KDWLV%URRP"





“IT JUST KEEPS ON GROWING” 7LP0LOOHU
ORFDOSURSHUW\RZQHU
44
Broom species
Flower colour and leaf
description
Scotch Broom
(common broom)
Yellow flowers approx 2.5cm
long. Small deciduous trifoliate leaves (leaf three-parted).
Latin Name
&\WLVXVVFRSDULXV
Montpellier broom Yellow flowers up to 1.3cm
Genista monspessulana long, narrow, oval trifoliate
leaves.
:K\LVEURRPSpanish Broom
%URRPLVDQR[LRXV
DSUREOHP"
LQYDVLYHZHHGWKDW

%URRPLQYDGHVDZLGH
VSUHDGVYHU\TXLFNO\
UDQJHRIKDELWDWVDQG
%URRPLVXVXDOO\DQHYHU
RYHUWDNHVQDWLYHSODQWV
JUHHQVPDOOOHDYHGVKUXE
%URRPKDVWRXJKDQG

%URRPVSUHDGVWKURXJK
IOH[LEOHJUHHQEUDQFKHV
SDVWXUHVURDGVLGHVIRU
DQGVFHQWHGIORZHUVVLPL
HVWU\EORFNVQDWLYHJUDVV
ODUWRSHDV
ODQGVFUHHNVULYHUEHGV
7KHEURZQRUEODFNVHHG
DQGPRUH
SRGVFDQEHKHDUGFUDFN

%URRPFDQKDYHD
LQJRSHQRQKRWVXPPHU
QHJDWLYHLPSDFWRQWKH
GD\V

Identifying Broom Species

HFRQRP\DQGHQYLURQ
PHQW
(YHQLI\RXFXWLWEURRP
ZLOOJURZEDFN
%URRPLVGLIILFXOWWRHUDGL
FDWHJHWULGRIFRPSOHWHO\
EHFDXVHLWLVDSUROLILF
VHHGHU
6HHGVFDQOD\GRUPDQWIRU
XSWR40 \HDUVLQWKH
JURXQGDQGVWLOOJHUPLQDWH
Spartium junceum
White broom
Cytisus multiflorus
Yellow flowers, 2.5cm long,
with simple leaves.
White flowers with a pink
streak at base, up to 1cm
long. trifoliate hairy leaves.
New Zealand native Purple or pink and white
broom species
flowers, 0.5cm long. Many
Carmichaelia species species have almost no leaves.
+RZFDQZH
JHWULGRIEURRP"



%URRPFDQEHPDQXDOO\FXWZLWK
ORSSHUVKDQGVDZVFKDLQVDZV
DQGEUXVKFXWWHUV
%URRPEHVSUD\HGZLWKFHUWDLQ
KHUELFLGHVDOWKRXJKWKLVFDQEH
TXLWHH[SHQVLYH
*RDWVDOVROLNHWRHDWEURRP
DQGORYHWRQLEEOHWKHJUHHQ
VKRRWVRQUHJURZWK



Our family is cutting down
broom on our property and
replacing it with native
plants such as pongas (see
right), pittsporums,
harakeke, manuka, kanuka,
cabbage trees and native
grasses.
We use loppers and handsaws
to cut broom and we have
goats to maintain the regrowth
in paddocks.
My siblings and I have spent
many weekends and holidays
helping our parents to cut
broom and drag it away.
Well-nibbled broom
plants in our paddock,
thanks to our goats.
Maori name: PONGA
English name: Silver Fern
Latin name: Cyathea dealbata



Ponga is a species of
medium-sized tree
fern, native to New
Zealand.
The silver fern is a recognised symbol commonly associated with
our country both overseas and in New Zealand.
This beautiful fern is
known to grow up to
heights of 10 metres
or more.
You're
welcome
All photos were taken by myself or members of my family.
Here we are saving
Pongas and native plants
from a red-zoned house in
Kaiapoi, North Canterbury.
These pongas were going
to be destroyed, as they
were growing so close to
the house that was to be
demolished.
Thankfully they now have a
chance to live again in the
Hurunui, on our property.
By Reuben Miller, age 13, Balcairn.
45
46
47
48
49
50
The Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Group has been running since 2008 and was founded by Tim Kelly. It is designed to protect the Great Spotted kiwi, Blue Duck, and Kaka, etc., to get rid of stoats, rats, and possums. The group consist of students from Hurunui College aged from 11-­‐18 years old, teachers, and parents. The project is situated in the Nina Valley off the Lewis Pass State Highway 7 heading towards the West Coast. Some animals that this project is protecting Ashleigh Watson Hurunui College Yr. 10 Kiwis 2 3 The Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Group wants the Nina Valley to be pest free so that kiwis and other New Zealand natives will be able to breed successfully safe from any pests. http://www.kiwisforkiwi.org/wp-­‐content/tn3/0/Great-­‐Spotted-­‐
Kiwi_Credit_DOC2.jpg 1
http://www.doc.govt.nz/pagefiles/56241/doubtful-­‐valley-­‐map700.jpg Blue duck 1) The Nina track to the biv is 12km long, They have traps every 100 meters along the track all the way to the biv. There are 120 traps from the road to the biv. 2) The Nina Hut is 7.2km from the road, this is the main hut where the Hurunui College Nina valley Restoration group stays on their overnight trips. Hurunui College winning the Green Ribbon award for conservation in the Nina Valley. Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Group is sponsored by DOC, Kids Restore New Zealand, The Ministry for the Environment Community Environment Fund, and Genesis Energy Whio Recovery Programme. Ashleigh Watson holding Feisty which is one of the many kiwis there are in the Nina Valley. http://ngamanuhistory.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/blue-­‐duck-­‐a-­‐reith.jpg 3) The biv is another hut that the Nina Restoration Group use, it is 12km from the road. Kaka REBAITING https://encrypted-­‐
tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q
=tbn:ANd9GcRJAJ_lmA8XIZ
gmxJ0LV3I4kEgI1vVNYOo
MJ6q67hiI7H8W74UR_w TRAPS Rebaiting the traps takes all weekend. They use about 20 cartons of eggs. If the traps haven’t been set off by an animal they unscrew the box and reset it and put one egg in it and then rescrew it and go to the next box. 51
52
www.ninavalleyecoblitz.com
53
54
55
56
57
Index
Abbreviations: ssp = subspecies; spp = two or more species
1080 - sodium fluoracetate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 210
Aihe / dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 194
Albatross (Diomedea spp) / toroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Annelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Arthropods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Artomyces turgidus (no common name) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Australasian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus) / matuku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Australasian harrier hawk (Circus approximans gouldi) / kāhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-165
Australornis lovei [extinct bird] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Bat, lesser short-tailed (Mystacina tuberculata) / pekepeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 204
Bat, long-tailed (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) / pekepeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 188, 198
Banded dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus) / pohowera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 232, 238
Beech (Fuscospora spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 36, 87, 210, 213, 215
Beech mast year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 210
Bellbird (Anthornis melanura) / korimako or kōparapara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 214, 236
Black beech (Fuscospora solandri) / tawhairauriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Black-billed or Buller’s gull (Chroicocephalus bulleri) / tarāpuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Black fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus) / tarāpirohe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178-181, 232, 239
Black pine (Prumnopitys taxifolia) / mataī . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Black or ship rat (Rattus rattus) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210-211
Black teal or scaup (Aythya novaeseelandiae) / pāpango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Blue cod (Parapercis colias) / rawaru or pakirikiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) / whio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174-177, 212, 235
Bluegill bully (Gobiomorphus hubbsi) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-75
Broom, non-native (several genera) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214, 216
Broom, New Zealand native (Carmichaelia australis) maukoro or taunoka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Brachyscome pinnata (no common name) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Brown tree or whistling frog (Litoria ewingii) / poraka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Bring on the Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Brushtail possum (Richosurus vulpecula) / paihamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 137, 189,190
Bryzoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Buller’s or black-billed gull (Chroicocephalus bulleri) / tarāpuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Bully, common, bluegill, and redfin ( Gobiomorphus spp) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-75
Bully, giant (Gobiomorphus gobioides) / tītarakura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Bully, upland (Gobiomorphus breviceps) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Cabbage tree (Cordyline Australis) / kōuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217, 231
Canterbury gecko (Woodworthia brunneus) / pāpā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Canterbury tree wētā (Hemideina femorata) / wētā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius) / wakaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 64-67
Cat (Felis catus) / poti or ngeru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141, 189,204
58
Cave weta (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cetaceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33, 60
Cnidaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Cockle, New Zealand (Austrovenus stutchburyi) / tuangi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum) / nau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Coprosma pedicellata (no common name) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Coral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Ctenophora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Curly waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Department of Conservation (DOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 102, 160
Didymo or rock snot (Didymosphenia geminata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 61
Dolphin, dusky (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) / aihe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 194
Dolphin, Hector’s (Cephalorhynchus hectori) / tūpoupou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Dolphin, Maui’s (Cephalorhynchus hectori) maui / tūpoupou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Dragonfly, giant (Petalura gigantea and Uropetala carovei) / kapokapowai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Dwarf mingimingi (Leucopogon fraseri) / mingimingi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Dwarf musk or matt leafed mazus (Mazus novaezeelandiae ssp impolitus f. impolitus) . . . . . . 7
Eastern falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae “Eastern”) / kārearea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Echinoderms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Eel, longfin (Anguilla dieffenbachii) / tuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-73
Eel, shortfin (Anguilla australis) / matamoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Environment Canterbury or ECan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 206, 215, 230
Extremophiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) / tītī wainui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Falcon, New Zealand (Falco novaeseelandiae) / kārearea . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 168-171, 212, 218
Fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) / pīwaiwaka or tīrairaka pango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-131
Feral cat (Felis catus) / poti or ngeru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 204
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 200
Flatworms or platyhelminthes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Flax, New Zealand (Phormium Tenax) / harakeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29, 89
Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) / harore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Frog, whistling or brown tree (Litoria ewingii) / poraka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Fur seal, New Zealand (Arctocephalus forsteri) / kekeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 196
Galaxiids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 62, 68
Geckos (spp) / pāpā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-94, 220-227
Gecko, rough (Naultinus rudis) / moko kākāriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 82-85
Gecko, West Coast green (Naultinus tuberculatus) / moko kākāriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 236
Giant bully (Gobiomorphus gobioides) / tītarakura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Giant dragonfly (Petalura gigantea and Uropetala carovei) / kapokapowai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Giant kōkopu / whitebait or cockabully (Galaxias argenteus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) / nanenane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Great spotted kiwi (Apteryx haastii) / roroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108, 212, 232
Giant springtail (subclass Collembola) / tawhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 236
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) / kōti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Grey warbler (Gerygone igata) / riroriro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120, 231
Hades flower or wood rose (Dactylanthus taylorii) / pua o Te Rēinga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Harakeke / New Zealand flax (Phormium Tenax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29, 89
Hard beech (Fuscospora truncata) / tawhairaunui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Harore / fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Harrier hawk, Australasian (Circus approximans gouldi) / kāhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-165
Hawai or toitoi / bully (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 74, 230
Hector’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) / tūpoupou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus occidentalis) / tuatete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 101, 184
Horopito / pepper tree (Pseudowintera spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 234
Inanga / whitebait (Galaxias maculatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 214
Kāhikatoa or mānuka/ (Leptospermum scoparium) / myrtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 89, 215, 231
Kāhu / Australasian harrier hawk (Circus approximans gouldi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-166
Kākā (Nestor meridionalis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Kākāriki karaka / Malherbe’s or orange fronted parakeet (Cyanoramphus malherbi)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156-161, 206, 212
Kānuka (Kunzea ericoides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 217
Kapokapowai / (Petalura gigantea and Uropetala carovei) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Karamea / speargrass (Aciphylla spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Kārearea / Eastern falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae “Eastern”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Kārearea / New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 168-171, 212, 218
Katipo (Latrodectus katipo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 206
Kea (Nestor notabilis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148-155, 212
Kekeno / New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 196
Kererū / wood pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146, 214
Kina / sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Kiore / rat (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210-211
Kiwi, great spotted (Apteryx haastii) / roroa or roa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 212, 235
Kiwi (spp) / roroa or roa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Kōaro / whitebait (Galaxias brevipinnis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Korimako or kōparapara / bellbird (Anthornis melanura) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 214, 236
Kororā / penguin (Eudyptula ssp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Kōti / gorse (Ulex europaeus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Kōuka / cabbage tree (Cordyline Australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217, 231
Koura / crayfish (Jasus edwardsii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 228
Kōwhai, prostrate (Sophora prostrata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Kuku / green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Kuruwhengi / New Zealand shoveler (Anas rhynchotisvariegata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Lake Sumner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157, 206, 212
Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) / tori uaroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189, 200
Lemonwood or pittosporum (Pittisporum eugenoides) / tarata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) / pekapeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Limestone wheat grass (Australopyrum optatum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) / tuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-73
Long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) / pekapeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 198, 212
Lupin (Lupinus spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Malaquin Bush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Malherbe’s or orange fronted parakeet (Cyanoramphus malherbi) / kākāriki karaka
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156-161, 206, 212
Mānuka or kāhikatoa / myrtle (Leptospermum scoparium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 89, 215, 231
Māori hen or woodhen (Gallirallus australis) / weka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Māpou / red matipo (Myrsine australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Marlborough rock daisy (Pachystegia insignis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Marram grass (Ammophila spp; not to be confused with Ammophila wasps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Mataī / black pine (Prumnopitys taxifolia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Matamoe / shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Matuku / Australasian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Matt leafed mazus or dwarf musk (Mazus novaezeelandiae ssp impolitus f. impolitus) . . . . . . . 7
Maui’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) maui / tūpoupou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Maukoro or taunoka / New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Medbury Scientific Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 22
McCaskill’s or Weka Pass sun hebe (Heliohebe maccaskillii or Veronica maccaskillii) . . . . . 8, 14
Mingimingi / dwarf mingimingi (Leucopogon fraseri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Mingimingi / wiggiwig or shrubby toraro (Muehlenbeckia astonii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 24
Minimoto lagoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206, 230
Miromiro / New Zealand tomtit (Petroica macrocephala) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Mistletoe (Loranthaceae family) / pirita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mohimohi / whitebait (Galaxiidae spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Mohua / yellowhead (Mohoua ochrocephala) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 116, 206
Moko kākāriki / West Coast Green Gecko (Naultinus tuberculatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 236
Moko kākāriki / Rough gecko (Naultinus rudis) that’s me, Moko! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 82
Mokomoko / skink (Oligosoma spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 87, 96-99
Molluscs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Monroe’s ragwort (Brachyglottis monroi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae) ruru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Mosasaur (Prognathodon spp) [extinct marine reptile] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Motunau Beach and Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Mountain beech (Fuscospora cliffortioides) / tawhairauriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Mudfish, Canterbury (Neochanna burrowsius) / waikaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-67
Mussel, green-lipped (Perna canaliculus) / kuku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Mustelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189, 200
59
Myrtle (Leptospermum scoparium) / mānuka or kāhikatoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 214
Nau / Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) / kārearea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 168-171, 218
New Zealand flax (Phormium Tenax) / harakeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29
New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) / kekeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188,196
New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) / taunoka or maukoro . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
New Zealand shoveler (Anas rhynchotisvariegata) / kuruwhengi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
New Zealand tomtit (Petroica macrocephala) / miromiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Ngaokeoke / peripatus or velvet worm (Peripatopsidae family) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 52-55, 236
Ngata / snail (Wainuia edwardi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Ngeru or poti / cat (Felis catus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 204
Ngutu pare / wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 232, 238
Norwegian rat (Rattus norvegicus) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Nihorota (?) / orange roughy or sea perch (Hoplostethus atlanticus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Nina Valley EcoBlitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 236
Nina Valley Restoration Group, Hurunui College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208, 234
Nina Valley, soils in the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Ocean acidification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Orange fronted or Malherbe’s parakeet (Cyanoramphus malherbi) / kākāriki karaka
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156-161, 206, 212
Orange roughy or sea perch (Hoplostethus atlanticus) / nihorota (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Oyster (generic) / tio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Oystercatcher, South Island pied or SIPO (Haematopus finschi) / tōrea tuawhenua . . . . . . . 238
Oystercatcher, variable (Haematopus unicolor) / tōrea tai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Paihamu / brushtail possum (Richosurus vulpecula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 137, 189, 190
Pakirikiri or rawaru / blue cod (Parapercis colias) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Pākura or pūkeko / purple swamp hen (Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Pāpā / geckos (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-94, 220-227
Pāpango / black teal or native scaup (Aythya novaeseelandiae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Paradise shelduck (Tadorna variegata) / pūtakitaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Pātangaroa or papatangaroa / Starfish or sea star (class Asteroidea) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Pāua (Haliotis spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 228
Pekepeke / lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 204
Pekepeke / long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 188, 198, 212
Penguin, little (Eudyptula minor) / kororā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Penguin, waimanu (Waimanu manneringi and Waimanu tuatahi) [extinct] . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Penguin, white flippered (Eudyptula minor albosignata) / kororā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Pepper tree (Pseudowintera spp) / horopito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Peripatus or velvet worms (Peripatopsidae family) / ngaokeoke . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 52-55, 236
Pied stilt (Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus) / poaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Pipi (Paphies australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Pirita / mistletoe (Loranthaceae family) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
60
Pittosporum or lemonwood (Pittisporum eugenoides) / tarata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Pīwaiwaka or tīrairaka pango / fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-131
Platyhelminthes or flatworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Plesiosaur (Elasmosaurus playurus) [extinct marine reptile] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Poaka / pied stilt (Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Pohowera / banded dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182, 232, 238
Pōhutakawa (Metrosideros excelsa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pōkākā (Elaeocarpus hookerianus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Ponga / silver fern (Cyathea dealbata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 217
Poraka / whistling or brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Possum, brushtail (Richosurus vulpecula) / paihamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 137, 189, 190
Poti or neguru / cat (Felis catus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141, 189, 204
Praying mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae) / rō . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Prickly couch or zoysia (Zoysia minima) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Prostrate kōwhai (Sophora prostrata) / kōwhai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Protozoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Pua o Te Rēinga / Hades flower or wood rose (Dactylanthus taylorii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Pūkeko or pākura/ purple swamp hen (Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Pūriri (Vitex lucens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Pūtakitaki / paradise shelduck (Tadorna variegata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
QWII Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 206, 214, 231
Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / rāpeti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Rat, black or ship (Rattus rattus), Norwegian (R. norvegicus) Polynesian, (R. exulans) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210
Rātā /southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 11, 89, 115, 139
Rawaru / blue cod (Parapercis colias) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Red beech (Fuscospora fusca) tawhairaunui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 36
Red matipo (Myrsine australis) / māpou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 75
Rifleman (Canthisitta chloris) / tītitipoumanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Riroriro / grey warbler (Gerygone igata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120, 231
Rock snot or didymo (Didymosphenia geminata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Roroa or roa / great spotted kiwi (Apteryx haastii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 212, 234
Rō or whē / praying mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae) & stick insects (spp) . . . . . . . . .38-41
Rough gecko (Naultinus rudis) / moko kākāriki (that’s me, Moko!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 82-85
Prostrate kōwhai (Sophora prostrata) / kōwhai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Roundworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Sea perch or orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) / nihorota (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Sea star or starfish (class Asteroidea) / pātangaroa or papatangaroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) / kina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Seal, New Zealand fur (Arctocephalus forsteri) / kekeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 192
Scaup or black teal (Aythya novaeseelandiae) / pāpango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Scurvy grass or Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum) / nau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Ship or black rat (Rattus rattus) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210-211
Shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) / matamoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Short-tailed bat, lesser (Mystacina tuberculata) / pekapeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Shoveler, New Zealand (Anas rhynchotisvariegata) / kuruwhengi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Shrubby toraro or wiggiwig (Muehlenbeckia astonii) / mingimingi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 24
Silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii) / tawhai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Silver fern (Cyathea dealbata) / ponga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 217
Skink (Oligosoma spp) / mokomoko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 87, 96-99
Slender button daisy (Leptinella filiformis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Snail (Wainuia edwardi) / ngata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) / tamure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Sodium fluoracetate - 1080 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 210
Soils in the Nina Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
South Island pied oystercatcher or SIPO (Haematopus finschi) / tōrea tuawhenua . . . . . . . . . .238
Southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) / rātā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 11, 89, 115, 139
Speargrass (Aciphylla spp) / karamea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Springtail, giant (subclass Collembola) / tawhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 236
Starfish or sea star (class Asteroidea) / pātangaroa or papatangaroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Stick insects (several genera) / rō or whe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Stoat (Mustela erminea) / toriura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 200
Stoneflies (Plecoptera order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 181
Tainoko or taunoka or maukoro / New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) . . . . . . 216
Takahikare-moana / white faced storm petrel (Pelagodroma marina) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
Tamure / snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Tarāpirohe / black fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178-181, 232, 239
Tarāpuka / Buller’s or black-billed gull (Chroicocephalus bulleri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
Tarata / pittosporum or lemonwood (Pittisporum eugenoides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Taunoka or maukoro / New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216
Tawhai / silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Tawhairaunui / red beech (Fuscospora fusca) and hard beech (F. truncata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 36
Tawhairauriki / black beech (Fuscospora solandri) and mountain beech (Fuscospora cliffortioides) ����������� 30
Tawhana / giant springtail (subclass Collembola) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Threadworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Tio / oyster (generic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Tīrairaka pango or pīwaiwaka / fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-131
Tītarakura / giant bully (Gobiomorphus gobioides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Tītī wainui / fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Tītitipoumanu / rifleman (Canthisitta chloris) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Toitoi or hawai / bully (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 74, 231
Tomtit, New Zealand (Petroica macrocephala) / miromiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Tōrea tai / variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240
Tōrea tuawhenua / South Island pied oystercatcher or SIPO (Haematopus finschi) . . . . . . . . . 238
Toriura or tori uaroa / stoat (Chlidonias albostriatus) or least weasel (Mustela nivalis) . . . . 189, 200
Toroa / albatross (Diomedea spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Tōtara, lowland (Podocarpus totara) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Tōxoplasmosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Tuangi / New Zealand cockle (Austrovenus stutchburyi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Tuatete / hedeghog (Erinaceus europaeus occidentalis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 101, 184
Tube worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Tuna / longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-73
Tūpoupou/ Hector’s and Maui’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori ssp mau) . . . . . . . . . . 189, 192
Upland bully (Gobiomorphus breviceps) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) / tōrea tai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Velvet worm or peripatus (Peripatopsidae family) / ngaokeoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 52-55, 236
Waiau River Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181, 232
Waikaka / Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-67
Waimanu (Waimanu manneringi and Waimanu tuatahi) [extinct penguins] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
Waipara gentian (Gentianella calcis ssp waipara) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Waipara River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 238, 241
Weasel, least (Mustela nivalis) / tori uaroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 200
Weka / Māori hen or woodhen (Gallirallus australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Weka Pass or McCaskill’s sun hebe (Heliohebe maccaskillii or Veronica maccaskillii) . . . . . . . . 8,14
West Coast green gecko (Naultinus tuberculatus) / moko kākāriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 236
Weta (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 44, 87
Whales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
Whē or rō / praying mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae) and stick insects (spp) . . . . . . . . . 38-41
Whio / blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174-177, 212, 235
Whistling or brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) / poraka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
White faced storm petrel (Pelagodroma marina) takahikare-moana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
White flippered penguin (Eudyptula minor albosignata) / kororā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Whitebait (Galaxiidae spp) / mohimohi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 68
Wilding conifers (several genus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Wiggi-wig or shrubby toraro (Muehlenbeckia astonii) / mingimingi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 24
Willow (Salix spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 231
Wood rose or Hades flower (Dactylanthus taylorii) / pua o Te Rēinga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Wood pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) / kererū . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146, 214
Woodhen or Māori hen (Gallirallus australis) /weka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis) / ngutu pare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 232, 238
Yellowhead (Mohoua ochrocephala) / mohua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 116, 206
Zoysia or prickly couch (Zoysia minima) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
61
Further Information
The following is by no means comprehensive, but are good starting points.
Identifying species
What fungi is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/fungi
Fungi ID www.hiddenforest.co.nz
What plant is that? New Zealand Plant Conservation Network: http://nzpcn.org.nz
What are those bugs in the soil? http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/index.php
What bug is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/animals/bug-id/what-is-this-bug
What insect & spider is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/teaching/Insects-and-spiders
What weavil is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/animals/invertebrates/systematics/weevils
What lizard is that? NZ Lizards Database: http://nzlizards.landcareresearch.co.nz
What bird is that? http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz
What freshwater fish is that? www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-animals/fish
NIWA’s freshwater fish database: www.niwa.co.nz/freshwater-and-estuaries/nzffd
What sea creature is that? New Zealand Marine Life (free application): https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=661468952&mt=8
Fishbase - global fish database: www.fishbase.org/search.php
Ngā Tipu Whakaoranga / Māori Plant Use Database http://maoriplantuse.landcareresearch.co.nz/WebForms/PeoplePlantInformation.aspx
Biodiversity and threatened species list
Canterbury Biodiversity: http://ecan.govt.nz/advice/biodiversity/Pages/Default.aspx
New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy: www.biodiversity.govt.nz
New Zealand Threat Classification System - lists all threatened and endangered species in NZ:www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/sap236.pdf
Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/home
Canterbury coastal list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/coastal.pdf
Canterbury plains list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/canterbury-plains.pdf
Canterbury sub-alpine list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/subalpine.pdf
Canterbury foothills list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/foothills.pdf
Water
Braided Rivers: www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/native-animals/birds/life-on-a-braided-river
Canterbury wetland and river/stream margin list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/wetland.pdf
Canterbury Water Management Strategy www.cwms.org.nz
Hurunui Waiau Zone Committee http://ecan.govt.nz/get-involved/canterburywater/committees/hurunui-waiau/Pages/default.aspx
Land Use and Water Quality Project (Hurunui) http://ecan.govt.nz/get-involved/water-projects/land-use-and-water-quality/Pages/Default.aspx
Water quality www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/water/water-quality.html
Online guide to water quality www.lawa.org.nz
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Conservation
Department of Conservation: www.doc.govt.nz
Activities with children: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/conservation-activities/with-children
Attract lizards to your garden: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/conservation-activities/attract-lizards-to-your-garden
Build a weta motel: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/conservation-activities/build-a-weta-motel
DOC training courses: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/training-and-teaching
NatureWatchNZ - like Facebook for nature watchers (great with kids!): http://naturewatch.org.nz
Nature Space - promote your conservation project: http://www.naturespace.org.nz
Bring on the Birds, Gore Bay Ratepayers Association: [email protected]
Braided River protection group (BRaid): www.braid.org.nz
EnviroSchools: www.enviroschools.org.nz
Dunes Restoration Trust: www.dunestrust.org.nz
Canterbury Pest Species: ecan.govt.nz/our-responsibilities/pests-biodiversity/Pages/key-issues-pests-biodiversity.aspx
Environmental Protection Authority: www.epa.govt.nz/Pages/default.aspx
Weedbusters: www.weedbusters.co.nz
Landcare Research Pest Management: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/pests
Monarch Butterfly Trust www.monarch.org.nz/monarch
Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment: www.pce.parliament.nz/publications/all-publications
1080 Report: www.pce.parliament.nz/assets/Uploads/1080-update-report-web.pdf
1080 Facts: www.1080facts.co.nz
The Green Toolbox - free Windows software to help choose plants for land management applications: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/tools/green-toolbox
Wetlands monitoring assessment kit for communities & farmers: www.landcare.org.nz/wetmak/hub
Forest Monitoring Assessment Kit: www.formak.co.nz
QEII National Trust - protect you land with a covenant: www.openspace.org.nz
Edge of Existence: www.edgeofexistence.org
Climate change & sustainability
Resources for kids and teachers: www.climatechange.govt.nz/reducing-our-emissions/schoolstuff
How will climate change affect biodiversity? www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/sfc312entire.pdf
How will climate change affect us? www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/climate/information-and-resources/clivar/scenarios
CarboNZero: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/business/the-carbonzero-programme
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority NZ: www.eeca.govt.nz
Have you noticed plants flowering sooner? www.nzpcn.org.nz/page.aspx?flora_phenology
Carbon credits for forests: www.ebex21.co.nz/index.asp
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Hey ever yone!
My name is Moko and I’m a New Zealand Rough Gecko.
Did you know that in the last 100 years at least
85% of our habitat in the Hurunui District
has disappeared?
Every day, more of our homes are being
destroyed by invasive weeds and land clearing.
Pest mammals like possums, stoats, rats, and increasingly,
feral cats are also killing us and our babies.
My animal friends and I really need help, so we asked
children of all ages to spread the word about us and our
habitats.
And guess what? Over 100 children aged from 5 to 18
years wrote stories, took photos, and made drawings about
us and some of the wonderful things people are doing to
help protect us and restore our homes.
So this book is about Celebrating Biodiversity
in the Hurunui District!
We hope you will enjoy it.
Thanks, kids....and to everyone who helped make this book possible!