Formulae:
Fnet = ma ,
w = mg ,
ac =
v2
,
r
K = 12 mv 2 , p = mv ,
r
r F
q1q2
q
Fe = k 2 , E = , E = k 2 ,
! r
!
r
! q
Q
"0 A
, U = 12 QV
C= , C=
V
d
V = IR
!,
!
!
F!= qvBsin " , F = IlB sin " ,,
!
!
! = BA cos "
f =
1
2"
! =!" N #$
#t ,
,
1
,
LC
c = f" ,
n1 sin "1!= n 2 sin " 2!
d
m=# i
do
1 1 1
= +
f di d o
E n = nhf ,
E = hf ,
!
V=
kq
r
1
1
1
1
= !+
+
+ ...,
Req R 1 R2 R3
!
! = NAB" sin "t ,
V=IR,
P=IV
VP
N P IS
=
=
VS
NS I P
I = I0 cos2 "
d sin " = (m $ 12 ) #
c = "f ,
E 0 = m0c 2
µ0 I
Nµ0 I
N
, B=
, B = µ0 I
2"r
2R
L
!
!
d sin " = m#
W sin " = m#
#
sin " = 1.22
D
!
K max = hf " W 0 ,
h
p =! ,
"
"t =
p=
"t 0
2
1# vc 2
2
"=
h
p
m0v
2
1" vc 2
E 0 = m0c 2
L = L0 1# vc 2
% 1
1
1(
Z2
= R' 2 $ 2 * , E n = "(13.6eV ) 2
& n# n )
"
n
!
!
"N
ln2
$ #t
R=
= "# = R0e , T1 2 =
"t
"
!
!
h
h
, "E"t #
,
"py "y #
2$
2$
!
!
!
N = N 0e" #t ,
!
B=
E = cB ,
!
E
,
t
#V
, "U = q"V ,
E ="
!
!
#s !
!
Req =!
R1 + R2 + R3 + ...,
P =!
IV ,
P=
E=
m0c 2
2
1" vc 2
!
Constants and conversions:
ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 F/m,
µ0 = 4 " #10$7 T % m / A , k = 8.99 × 109 N m2 / C2,
! "10#34 J $ s , , 1eV = 1.60
! "10#19 J , c = 3.00 "10 8 m /s
h = 6.63
10
1 Ci = 3.70 × 10 decays/second
melectron = 9.11 × 10-31 kg = 5.486 × 10-4 u = .511 MeV/c2
! u, m
mproton = 1.007 276
neutron = 1.008 665 u
!
!
-27
1 u = 1.660 540 × 10 kg = 931.5 MeV/c2
|e| = 1.60 × 10-19 C