Group 2.
The reawakening.
PSA
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
-
2 valence electrons
-
Named “alkaline” (meaning “basic”) because they generally form basic
compounds when in solution
-
Shiny, silvery white, second most reactive metals at STP
-
Readily lose their two outermost electrons to form cations with a charge of 2+
-
Relatively low densities, melting, and boiling points
-
All react with halogens to form ionic halides
-
The Alkaline Earth Metals are named after their oxides, which are basic
(alkaline) when combined with water
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
General Information:
Other Information
●
Symbol: Ca
●
Calcium has been used by humans for centuries
●
Electron configuration: [Ar] 4s2
●
Limestone, Marble, Mortar, Plaster
●
Atomic number: 20
●
Humphry Davy discovered the process of
●
Formula: Ca
●
Molar mass: 40.078 g/mol
●
Atomic mass: 40.078 ± 0.004 u
extracting Calcium metal from its compounds.
●
The name, Calcium, comes from the latin word
Calx, which means Limestone.
Strontium
Melting Point: 769.0 °C (1042.15 K, 1416.2 °F)
Boiling Point: 1384.0 °C (1657.15 K, 2523.2 °F)
Barium
General Information:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Soft, Silvery White, and Metallic
Symbol: Ba
Atomic Number: 56
Atomic Mass: 137.327 amu
Density: 3.62 g/cm^3
Solid at STP
Melting Point: 1000 K
Boiling Point: 2143 K
Oxidation Number: +2
High reactivity, so stored under oil
Other:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
The most common naturally occurring minerals of
barium are barium sulfate (BaSO4) and barium
carbonate (BaCO3).
Identified as a new element in a compound in 1774 by
Carl Scheele, but was not reduced to a metal until
1808, through electrolysis, by Sir Humphry Davy.
Added to fireworks for a green color.
Soluble barium compounds are poisonous and have
been used as rodenticides.
Name originates from the alchemical derivative
"baryta", which comes from the Greek language
meaning "heavy.”
Reactions with chalcogens, water, and alcohols are
highly exothermic.
Total of 50 known isotopes.
Radium
General Information:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Soft, Silvery White, and Metallic
Symbol: Ra
Atomic Number: 88
Atomic Mass: 226 amu
Density: 5 g/cm^3
Solid at STP
Melting Point: 973 K
Boiling Point: 1413 K
Oxidation Number: +2
Highly radioactive
Other:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Most Stable isotope is Ra-226.
Discovered in 1898 in the form of Radium
Chloride by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, but
isolated through electrolysis by Marie Curie and
Andre`-Louis Debierne in 1910.
In nature, radium is found in uranium and
thorium ores in slight amounts.
33 known isotopes
Formerly used in self-luminous paints.
Was once an additive to toothpaste, hair
products, and food, due to its supposed
curative powers.
Isotope Ra-223 is used in cancer treatment.