Unit II Flashcards
Chapters 19 and 20
#1
American Federation of
Labor (AFL)
Review
Union formed in 1886 that organized
skilled workers along craft lines and
emphasized a few workplace issues rather
than a broad social program.
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#2
Chinese Exclusion Act
Review
Act that suspended Chinese immigration,
limited the civil rights of resident Chinese,
and forbade their naturalization.
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#3
Conspicuous consumption
Review
Highly visible displays of wealth and
consumption.
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#4
Review
Coxey’s Army
A protest march of unemployed workers,
led by Populist businessman Jacob Coxey,
demanding inflation and a public works
program during the depression of the
1890s.
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#5
Review
Free silver
Philosophy that the government should
expand the money supply by purchasing
and coining all the silver offered to it.
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#6
Review
Gilded Age
Term applied to late 19th-century America
that refers to the shallow display and
worship of wealth characteristic of that
period.
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#7
Review
Gospel of wealth
Thesis that hard work and perseverance
lead to wealth, implying that poverty is a
character flaw.
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#8
Grandfather clauses
Review
Rules that required potential voters to
demonstrate that their grandfathers had
been eligible to vote; used in some
Southern states after 1890 to limit the
black electorate.
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#9
Review
Grange
The National Grange of the Patrons of
Husbandry, a national organization of
farm owners formed after the Civil War.
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#10
Review
Granger laws
State laws enacted in the Midwest in the
1870s that regulated rates charged by
railroads, grain elevator operators, and
other middlemen.
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#11
Great Uprising of 1877
Review
Unsuccessful railroad strike of 1877 to
protest wage cuts and the use of federal
troops against strikers; the first
nationwide work stoppage in American
history.
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#12
Horizontal combination
Review
The merger of competitors in the same
industry.
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#13
Interstate Commerce
Commission (ICC)
Review
The 1887 law that expanded federal power over
business by prohibiting pooling and
discriminatory rates by railroads and
establishing the first federal regulatory agency,
the Interstate Commerce Commission.
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#14
Review
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws that became widespread
in the South during the 1890s.
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#15
Review
Knights of Labor
Labor union founded in 1869 that
included skilled and unskilled workers
irrespective of race and gender.
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#16
National American Woman
Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Review
The organization, formed in 1890 that
coordinated the ultimately successful
campaign to achieve women’s right to
vote.
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#17
Review
Nativism
Favoring the interests and culture of
native-born inhabitants over those of
immigrants.
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#18
Pendleton Civil Service Reform
Act
Review
A law of 1883 that reformed the spoils system
by prohibiting government workers from
making political contributions and creating the
Civil Service Commission to oversee their
appointment on the basis of merit rather than
politics.
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#19
Review
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court decision holding that
Louisiana’s railroad segregation law did
not violate the Constitution as long as the
railroads or the state provided equal
accommodations.
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#20
Review
Populism
A mass movement of the 1890s formed on
the basis of the Southern Farmers’
Alliance and other reform organizations.
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#21
Protective Association
Review
Organizations formed by mine owners in
response to the formation of labor unions.
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#22
Review
Segregation
A system of racial control that separated
the races, initially by custom but
increasingly by law during and after
Reconstruction.
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#23
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Review
1890 act that directed the Treasury to
increase the amount of currency coined
from silver mined in the West and also
permitted the U.S. government to print
paper currency backed by the silver.
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#24
Southern Farmers’ Alliance
Review
The largest of several organizations that
formed in the post-Reconstruction South
to advance the interests of beleaguered
small farmers.
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#25
Review
Tenements
Four to six story residential dwellings,
once common in New York, built on tiny
lots without regard to providing
ventilation or light.
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#26
Review
Vertical integration
The consolidation of numerous production
functions, from the extraction of the raw
materials to the distribution and
marketing of the finished products, under
the direction of one firm.
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Woman’s Christian
Temperance Union (WCTU)
#27
Review
Women’s organization whose members
visited schools to educate children about
the evils of alcohol, addressed prisoners,
and blanketed men’s meetings with
literature.
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#28
Women’s Educational and
Review Industrial Union
Boston organization offering classes to
wage-earning women.
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Reference
Faragher, J. M., Buhle, M. J., Czitrom, D., & Armitage, S. H. (2009). Out of
many: A history of the American people, Vol. I (5th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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