ICEF 2015
Pathway to High Efficiency
Fossil Power Plants
October 7, 2015
Dr. Shozo Kaneko
Institute of Industrial Science
University of Tokyo
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
1
Table of Contents
1. Present Energy Situation in Japan
2. Thermal Power Plants in the future
3. Importance of Innovation
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
2

トリプル複合発電：第3世代
Present Situation:
Important three factors
Energy Mix Plan
CO2 26%
Reduction
Electricity
Liberalization
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Test
Apparatus
1. Present
Energy
Situation in Japan
 In June, 2015, three important government policies are announced or
legislated.
1) Energy Mix for 2030
2) CO2 Reduction Target for 2030
3) Liberalization of Electricity
(1) Energy Mix for 2030
 Fossil fuel percentage in power generation in 2030:
•
Natural Gas
27%
•
Coal
26%
•
Nuclear
22%
•
Renewables
24%
(2) CO2 Reduction Target
 26% Reduction from 2013
(3) Liberalization of Electricity
 Abolishment of local monopoly
 Separation of power generation, transmission and distribution
 Free Competition
Lowest Price will win!
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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(1) Japanese Energy Mix Plan
2013 Result
2030 Target
Nuclear 1%
Renewables 11%
Coal 30%
Oil 11%
Renewable
22-24%
Nuclear
20-22%
Oil 3%
Nat. Gas
27%
43%
Fossil 88%
Coal 26%
Nat. Gas
27%
Fossil 56%
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
5
Renewables Target for 2030
 Reasonable Target!
2013
 Solar
 Wind
1.0%
0.5%
 Geothermal 0.3%
 Hydro
8.5%
 Biomass
0.4%
 Total
2030
1.5%
9.2%
10.7%
 Solar
 Wind
7%
1.7%
 Geothermal 1%
 Hydro
9%
 Biomass
4%
 Total
8.7%
14%
22.7%
(2) CO2 Reduction Target
 26％ reduction in 2030 from 2013
Ambitious Target!
Contents:
① Energy Mix and Energy saving
21.9%
② Freon Substitutes and Methane Reduction 1.5%
③ Forest Absorption
2.6%
Target Year
1990 base
2005 base
2013 base
Japan
2030
18.0%
25.4%
26.0%
USA
2025
[2030]*
2030
14～16%
26～28%
[ 30%]*
35%
18～21%
EU
40%
24%
[Note]*: President Obama Announcement on 3rd August, 2015 for COP21.
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Coexistence of the Three!
Nuclear
Renewables
Fossil Power
Cost of Fuel (per calorific value)
（JYE/1000kcal）
Coal for
iron
Coal for
power
Coal：1
Oil ：3
LNG：2.5
Oil
Source: JCOAL Report
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2. Thermal Power Plants in the future
High Efficiency Thermal Power Plant
History of High Efficiency thermal Power Plant
(1) First Generation : Simple Cycle: Boiler and Steam Turbine
(2) Second Generation: Combined Cycle: Combination of Gas
Turbine and Steam Turbine with HRSG
(3) Third Generation : Triple Combined Cycle : Combination of High
Temperature Fuel Cell (SOFC) , Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine
Now it is the time for second generation ---combined cycle
We have to start the third generation as soon as possible.
If all the thermal power plants in Japan will be replaced to
the triple combined cycle type, fuel consumption will be
30% less than present.
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Import of Fossil Fuels In Japan
Import Dependency of energy (2007)
Total
Country of origin of imported energy (2007)
18.8%
Other
6.9% Kuwait
Oil
Saudi
Arabia
27.6%
Oil
Qatar
Arab
10.7%
Iran
23.8%
12.2%
Russia6.0%
Canada 6.0%
Other 1.6%
China 7.3%
Coal
Indonesia
17.8%
Coal
Australia
61.3%
Other
13.6%
Nat.
Gas
Arab 9.7%
Brunei 9.7%
Qatar
11.9%
Indonesia
19.9%
Nat.
Gas
Malaysia
19.4%
Australia
17.3%
※SHIPPING NOW 2009-2010
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Pathway for Japan with no natural resources
Import of food, raw materials and fuel
Overseas
Japan
Value-addition
by diligent work
Export of value-added products
High efficiency by 10% reduces fuel import by 10%.
Japan can survive only with technology
History of Thermal Efficiencies
Plant Thermal Efficiency （％）
70
60
For Power
Generation
50
Nat.Gas
a: Newcomen
Coal
(0.5%)
40
b: James Watt
250at×600/600 deg-C USC
(4%)
30
246at×538/566 deg-C SC
c: Early Power Station
Steam Turbine
(3%)
169at×566/566 deg-C Reheat Cycle
127at×538deg-C Regenerative Cycle
20
For Prime Mover
42at×450℃
Steam Engine
10
a
1700
c
10at×268℃
b
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
→ Year
次世代火力発電協議会
（第４回会合）資料１
Technical Roadmap for Next-generation
Power Generation Technologies
(Interim Report: July 2015)
Committee for the Accelerated Realization of
Next-generation Power Generation Technologies
July 17, 2015
Committee for the Accelerated Realization of Next-generation Power Generation Technologies
Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle---IGCC
Plant Efficiency (net, on HHV ) : 46 – 48 % !
Stack
Coal
Gasifier &
Syngas Cooler
Gas Clean up
HRSG
air
Pulverizer
Steam Turbine
Gas Turbine
Slag Hopper
Air Booster Compressor
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Japanese National Project of
IGCC demonstration Plant:
Nakoso 250MW IGCC Plant
1700 tons of coal is gasified every day
Completed construction in March 2008
2000 hours continuous operation in 2008
5000 hours operation in June 2010
46% Efficiency(net, HHV) with 1500 deg-C GT
Since 1st April, 2013, Unit No. 10 of Joban Electric
Power Co.
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Fukushima Restoration IGCC Project
 Two commercial scale IGCC (2x540MW) will be
constructed in Fukushima Prefecture in early
2020s
 Tokyo Electric Power Co.
Hirono Power Station
Present Capacity: 3800MW
★540MW IGCC！
Fukushima
Daiichi
 Joban Joint Electric Power Co.
Nakoso Power Station
Present Capacity :1875MW
★540MW IGCC！
成美堂出版：地図で読む東日本大震災より
 Official Proposal of Construction to Governor of Fukushima Prefecture
on August 21, 2015!
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Prime Minister Abe’s Speech
at Dinner Reception on 21 May, 2015
The 21st International Meeting on Asian Future
[http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/97_abe/statement/2015/0521speech.html]
• Let’s utilize coal more efficiently. Coal produces 40% of world
power, and very important. However it is said to be undesirable
for prevention of global warming………..
• This can be solved by innovation. With the new technology of
coal gasification. Plant efficiency will be remarkably improved.
• Furthermore, when coupled with fuel cell, CO2 reduction for
coal can be as the same level as natural gas today.
• Lignite has long been said not suitable for power generation.
But by gasification it can be a very promising and favorable
fuel for power generation….
Calculation Chart of CO2 per kWh
1400
Conventional（Boiler-Steam turbine)
1300
Combined Cycle
CO2 Emission (g-CO2/kWh)
1200
1100
1000
C:H Ratio of Fuel
（Weight%）
Coal＝95:5
Oil ＝85:15
Nat.Gas＝75:25
2nd Gen.
900
IGCC：GT1500～1600℃
USC
800
IGFC
700
3rd Gen.
600
Obama Plan：500g/kWh
500
NGCC :GT1500～1600℃
400
300
NGTC
200
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Plant Efficiency% (net, Higher Heating Value basis)
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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3．Importance of Innovation
 New technology can be developed only with strong will.
① Keeping present condition is the easiest way. No
risk and no fear of failure. Management tends to
minimize risks.
② Few management dare the risk for new technology.
However all the company which realized great
progress have challenged and succeeded.
 New technologies depend on people.
① All the challenge and success depend on the people.
If they were not, no chance of success. Just think of
Thomas Edison.
② Not all the greatest contributors are rewarded.
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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The Trinity: Key for Innovation
“Design – Manufacturing – Research”
All in One!
Design
Close “Face to Face”
contact is important!
Manufacturing
If manufacturing is gone,
technology can exists only
5 years!
Research
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Heritage of Technology
 Why Ise Jingu Shrine is rebuilt every 20 years?
Ise Jingu Shrine
Horyuji Temple
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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Test Apparatus
The future is bright…
All Rights Reserved. Ⓒ Dr. Shozo Kaneko, IIS, University of Tokyo
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